Any child playing on the beach knows that the addition of a liquid (i.e. water) to a granular medium such as sand can dramatically change the granular properties – allowing the construction of sharp-featured sand castles which would be unstable in dry sand. The fact that the addition of liquid should have such a dramatic effect can be understood from a microscopic perspective since dry grains interact only through repulsive contact forces while wet grains also attract each other with an adhesive force associated with the liquid bridges between grains. Therefore, the addition of liquid changes the system from one with a hard-core repulsive interaction to one with both a repulsive and an attractive intergrain interaction. Many of the physical phenomena associated with a granular medium, such as the angle of repose, the formation of patterns in a vibrated granular layers, the segregation of particles of different size, the dynamics of avalanches on the surface, etc. will likely be affected by the presence of liquid. In this paper we investigate experimentally and theoretically the angle of repose of dry and wet granular media. We also discuss another consequence of wetness in granular matter: liquid-induced clumping.
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发表于 2020-3-6 22:54
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发表于 2020-3-6 23:36
