常用数学公式（符号）读法.pdf

lilianjie

Pronunciation of mathematical expressions
The pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list
$ \! B) n8 S' _0 S2 n6 B4 qbelow. In general, the shortest versions are preferred (unless greater precision is necessary).
1. Logic
9 there exists
# W$ r8 }2 X5 T5 _& V9 |- C8 for all
# X; Y3 |- Y2 [! j7 gp ) q p implies q / if p, then q
3 Y5 I, x9 k7 h" ^: vp , q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent
2. Sets
; W% n; R( E' \: M" Hx 2 A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A
, Y* }4 R% F$ Z. ~- d$ U; |- u6 |x =2 A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A
' a5 \* e5 u7 O& H. l- ZA ½ B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B
A ¾ B A contains B / B is a subset of A
* ~) ?5 v; v* i# XA \ B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B
A [ B A cup B / A join B / A union B
A n B A minus B / the di®erence between A and B
A £ B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B
! ^- Z, U0 ]' A5 |3. Real numbers
x + 1 x plus one
# c) v% f3 s: }# l4 r% Xx ¡ 1 x minus one
7 j) J$ `, h+ i) H# Vx § 1 x plus or minus one
xy xy / x multiplied by y
- k2 n, G2 I' v5 Z' F+ @(x ¡ y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y
+ w7 @; l- R& g. a% Ix
y
, i/ u6 V( A, F! s: ix over y
/ I0 }  `# o( F1 ~/ D  g= the equals sign
x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5
  u5 p$ F  L: ~x 6= 5 x (is) not equal to 5
1
5 `% ~' D2 h) h, `. R( Ax ´ y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y
x 6´ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y
7 [3 s& Y& T4 x6 W5 d% S' l7 Yx > y x is greater than y
x ¸ y x is greater than or equal to y
! q) b# V0 ~# |8 p+ `1 N7 mx < y x is less than y
( w0 T8 F  }. I0 {x · y x is less than or equal to y
0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1
0 · x · 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1
jxj mod x / modulus x
x2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2
x3 x cubed
6 Q* g2 k/ B2 ^6 U3 g0 u: [: E/ P$ [+ Ex4 x to the fourth / x to the power four
xn x to the nth / x to the power n
  H. a; E2 J- Y& P3 d  rx&iexcl;n x to the (power) minus n
) C: Y/ y1 S( ~px (square) root x / the square root of x
, P. t: a  j! o+ Q, Mp3 x cube root (of) x
) I4 h1 M9 h! c8 p$ p# _& I1 Zp4 x fourth root (of) x
npx nth root (of) x
(x + y)2 x plus y all squared
&sup3;x
# F. ?9 A& X' E5 ]6 f) }8 x1 Qy
&acute;2
x over y all squared
n! n factorial
, G+ b) S( ?' L- k& C/ F9 o  L& c^x x hat
4 N: a- y$ j! ^&sup1;x x bar
" c- f# M, l; P' \* J~x x tilde
2 s" ?' x. b* j( t2 G$ |* Y) g5 Axi xi / x subscript i / x su±x i / x sub i
Xn
+ P1 Z- ^0 ~& I- @0 r3 [8 n- |( ni=1
ai the sum from i equals one to n ai / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the ai
4. Linear algebra
kxk the norm (or modulus) of x
! E; j% v/ I2 e( q" g7 L/ O- P% CO&iexcl;&iexcl;!A OA / vector OA
' {/ f5 g6 E* D! C% b! BOA OA / the length of the segment OA
/ q3 T" h* k  Z/ EAT A transpose / the transpose of A
5 F  b& n$ h+ M% RA&iexcl;1 A inverse / the inverse of A
2
5. Functions
( p: [  R) `8 M4 [$ h8 J$ yf(x) fx / f of x / the function f of x
f : S ! T a function f from S to T
2 w1 O) S5 G% u, {, E& X3 Wx 7! y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y
f0(x) f prime x / f dash x / the (&macr;rst) derivative of f with respect to x
( {! Z: C4 w, e" d0 y: {! A1 tf00(x) f double{prime x / f double{dash x / the second derivative of f with
$ B" D4 o# x* X+ G: a+ rrespect to x
8 ]% B# w" Y8 Gf000(x) f triple{prime x / f triple{dash x / the third derivative of f with respect
to x
) ^' ~" ]9 U# v' |) o( ff(4)(x) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
9 |3 |- x! D: A1 a@f
@x1
the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
/ T7 y7 @0 Q$ h. d; d5 K* H& _@2f
- ]. e: f7 ~/ b  ~( L0 F7 g+ O@x21
the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
Z
1
0
3 H" ~# s. \3 _4 ~the integral from zero to in&macr;nity
lim
3 g" E' x3 H3 z$ E) R0 {( I  Lx!0
0 _4 U, @4 J( A% u1 ^the limit as x approaches zero
* `( _9 ?  v" h$ @! D. Qlim
/ P' p3 K5 o) Z: \# l1 B$ \/ Hx!+0
3 q' V" Z: Y4 O3 W& C$ Hthe limit as x approaches zero from above
( K6 q- n" T% H- k/ Zlim
x!&iexcl;0
% B- d) V: Z! p$ \! dthe limit as x approaches zero from below
loge y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
/ |8 b4 Y8 T- t' S1 }" Z, `0 [3 ~ln y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
$ H* p" ^/ A5 r% w  W/ a1 Z$ Q: mIndividual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expressions
and in many cases there is no generally accepted \correct" pronunciation.
2 V1 \8 f2 H4 Z. XDistinctions made in writing are often not made explicit in speech; thus the sounds fx may
be interpreted as any of: fx, f(x), fx, FX, FX, F&iexcl;&iexcl;X!. The di&reg;erence is usually made clear
$ {( k0 i# Z" [- Yby the context; it is only when confusion may occur, or where he/she wishes to emphasise
9 V6 {8 d" f# B! s* y1 k/ ?the point, that the mathematician will use the longer forms: f multiplied by x, the function
6 A6 J7 e0 ~2 r, P% }5 N! G; sf of x, f subscript x, line FX, the length of the segment FX, vector FX.
Similarly, a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech (except sometimes
8 z  C- x, \$ A& F0 Da di&reg;erence in intonation or length of pauses) between pairs such as the following:
& E, U9 `) M( a! }; @x + (y + z) and (x + y) + z
pax + b and pax + b
4 r. P: {! b6 f* g$ t% pan &iexcl; 1 and an&iexcl;1
The primary reference has been David Hall with Tim Bowyer, Nucleus, English for Science
' m9 A7 K$ @& ~2 ~: B2 dand Technology, Mathematics, Longman 1980. Glen Anderson and Matti Vuorinen have
given good comments and supplements.
) p7 A3 d. G1 l  a  i& ~- R! ?3

lilianjie

NO常用数学公式

孤寂冷逍遥

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