常用数学公式（符号）读法.pdf

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Pronunciation of mathematical expressions
$ Q" ?/ X* F! i8 V9 n3 `The pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list
below. In general, the shortest versions are preferred (unless greater precision is necessary).
1. Logic
9 H; U8 j! v. j; f2 u; a$ i9 there exists
6 Y/ w2 N5 A5 N/ V8 M6 `8 for all
+ v$ q  i- B9 M" G' Zp ) q p implies q / if p, then q
p , q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent
, ?$ d- z. Z: X2. Sets
9 @4 y+ f1 n1 _3 Q6 p* Qx 2 A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A
x =2 A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A
0 h: d2 O) L% V3 qA ½ B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B
2 @, l% c- H2 N) [/ i* }( w1 kA ¾ B A contains B / B is a subset of A
A \ B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B
A [ B A cup B / A join B / A union B
! C: o2 k0 q, E% t8 p: x! t9 \A n B A minus B / the di®erence between A and B
' \: v/ E1 R2 h/ w. UA £ B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B
0 C/ ]. [% c  X% r6 d: A, }3. Real numbers
6 F9 O9 e: C; Q0 r& v6 P3 wx + 1 x plus one
x ¡ 1 x minus one
x § 1 x plus or minus one
xy xy / x multiplied by y
3 S9 g, q1 k1 o(x ¡ y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y
0 B) i( q# x5 T( }4 P. q2 ~x
4 P( s3 J3 z. t! fy
$ Q# T: C$ ?' Xx over y
= the equals sign
x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5
x 6= 5 x (is) not equal to 5
1
x ´ y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y
x 6´ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y
$ J: y$ O  [6 J$ X: Vx > y x is greater than y
# t3 q4 w7 x- Y- q3 n7 x3 [x ¸ y x is greater than or equal to y
4 n: ^2 C1 g! c. H/ A# mx < y x is less than y
x · y x is less than or equal to y
0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1
- h1 V( \  ^( |* q" t3 c& ~/ Q" n. r0 · x · 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1
8 x3 Q; Z; G! M+ N; q) l5 cjxj mod x / modulus x
( E! p+ a$ c" P1 L+ {; h5 wx2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2
) Z3 v+ o$ o1 L/ [& D7 r4 n% jx3 x cubed
x4 x to the fourth / x to the power four
3 _2 D7 f: O5 k( s. @  Rxn x to the nth / x to the power n
" H2 Z3 v. ?. V3 i# Z1 O5 W, Sx&iexcl;n x to the (power) minus n
+ L# v3 R4 e2 J% _: P0 @$ fpx (square) root x / the square root of x
p3 x cube root (of) x
p4 x fourth root (of) x
7 X' |. b8 w& Q, [" P( ?npx nth root (of) x
(x + y)2 x plus y all squared
&sup3;x
' K0 }. b/ C1 K2 w5 p3 Hy
&acute;2
0 @% ~5 \. W2 q5 ex over y all squared
n! n factorial
^x x hat
&sup1;x x bar
~x x tilde
xi xi / x subscript i / x su±x i / x sub i
Xn
i=1
ai the sum from i equals one to n ai / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the ai
, E( e9 W; d$ K, l4. Linear algebra
kxk the norm (or modulus) of x
O&iexcl;&iexcl;!A OA / vector OA
OA OA / the length of the segment OA
1 |5 g; x" a2 v4 C+ |7 O/ FAT A transpose / the transpose of A
A&iexcl;1 A inverse / the inverse of A
2
9 @7 c! J3 S) I0 h5. Functions
( t; {4 C& W. [# |4 e9 j9 Lf(x) fx / f of x / the function f of x
f : S ! T a function f from S to T
x 7! y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y
f0(x) f prime x / f dash x / the (&macr;rst) derivative of f with respect to x
2 k. a3 ?& H+ N9 hf00(x) f double{prime x / f double{dash x / the second derivative of f with
% _  P7 W0 N: K% l+ y' brespect to x
9 T3 B, V( }  C% {' B- u0 V0 G0 of000(x) f triple{prime x / f triple{dash x / the third derivative of f with respect
  z+ J- E$ E7 _+ {to x
- T  U* G( S0 t; z+ r0 m5 }" E; Ef(4)(x) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
' f! ~1 y/ P/ `& X) V5 w@f
8 z1 X) }* D6 g& E( C@x1
+ I+ G' c# T, z6 K  i+ l+ n5 u7 Y. d) Fthe partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
@2f
# Y7 _4 m' v1 Q. m: `3 Q$ T6 i: {& B@x21
the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
6 A/ u' M( I0 F, iZ
1
- R% H" M3 }: ~# ?8 I0
7 V; e+ Q8 Q, \$ f. Hthe integral from zero to in&macr;nity
7 T2 R( w2 s* G9 ^, Ilim
x!0
$ d" y+ l# U. d% U0 Othe limit as x approaches zero
lim
x!+0
; [5 W( M- n+ q3 u3 athe limit as x approaches zero from above
lim
x!&iexcl;0
' O# Z7 q5 g* Tthe limit as x approaches zero from below
  G) _+ [) h* v1 p# Yloge y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
# u1 r: _6 ?# t( pln y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
* L* q& P$ z. d* _; K/ @. {( J! CIndividual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expressions
and in many cases there is no generally accepted \correct" pronunciation.
7 }! C0 M% ^) V  L. y; NDistinctions made in writing are often not made explicit in speech; thus the sounds fx may
be interpreted as any of: fx, f(x), fx, FX, FX, F&iexcl;&iexcl;X!. The di&reg;erence is usually made clear
) z- b1 ^" q% M# Q4 bby the context; it is only when confusion may occur, or where he/she wishes to emphasise
the point, that the mathematician will use the longer forms: f multiplied by x, the function
f of x, f subscript x, line FX, the length of the segment FX, vector FX.
+ S* c3 I0 s9 f( h# BSimilarly, a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech (except sometimes
# X: {6 h* h9 pa di&reg;erence in intonation or length of pauses) between pairs such as the following:
: J. Y3 [7 |8 C8 n0 H- Hx + (y + z) and (x + y) + z
pax + b and pax + b
# C! j7 `$ n" x6 R0 ?an &iexcl; 1 and an&iexcl;1
The primary reference has been David Hall with Tim Bowyer, Nucleus, English for Science
and Technology, Mathematics, Longman 1980. Glen Anderson and Matti Vuorinen have
& Y1 j7 Q, Y9 K3 dgiven good comments and supplements.
$ d$ a# O: j' }3

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NO常用数学公式

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