/ ?* g: Q& M* d 8 X$ k L7 D1 d$ Qa = 'python' : G0 j' o( q) G- @) _b = "python"8 o* M2 ^3 h$ I
c = '''python''' & h7 Y" I* p% Y( `print(a, id(a))! r( M5 Y U% X$ y! P
print(b, id(b))2 @% @3 K# H7 U; c" ^
print(c, id(c))& J( g! R. \5 V
1# K$ \' i5 F5 [
2' |; t2 i) N5 g! m
3 + i/ h( Z0 j0 f* j, r1 k4 3 E: b, G; L5 I p2 O |. a& K4 O J5 # S) q$ Y' f* k" J4 W* L! L6+ Q4 _# U. Z c+ r: C9 M3 \/ v
7& J( k# M5 r. Y5 O
8 7 T( N4 j* |) T4 E; ]! u90 f% L/ v+ o- @1 e: P. H% T
10 `# q0 L7 U8 s K4 b111 ^. h. B7 Q* L0 D% P
12 & [' }1 r5 p" a3 X5 w K# _134 _% }) w K$ I3 J
6 n9 R% ^( V: [+ M$ M
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3.字符串驻留机制的几种情况(交互式) K3 d2 V$ y' Q$ `- L
字符串的长度为19 H. ?( z- k/ p6 s/ l1 w6 y
符合标识符的字符串(只包含字母,数字,下划线)2 {8 i1 A* ^. a; n0 t
字符串只在编译是进行驻留,而非运行时 " X& ]/ n( }+ a. n' [[-5,256]之间的整数数字 n8 N) D$ ?8 i( h2 f9 q
>>> s1 = '' . ?! l- P' H& K7 L7 u>>> s2 = '' * U. I. @9 W3 O6 U# s! I>>> s1 is s2* ?/ g# e+ M7 D
True" `7 w2 r. @; p$ r0 U' m( d
>>> $ V& O$ |2 a: @; v0 V3 x' F: h>>> s1 = 'a'6 g& o) S( Y, k" B
>>> s2 = 'a' ! u8 m; G3 F) ]>>> s1 is s2+ A! L9 A2 ]0 v2 v" P- i% f" D' g
True/ a& i y4 _% H2 `3 W3 v# X9 q) |
>>>% ?9 o1 R6 }" [+ S2 I4 O8 T
>>> s1 = 'abc_def' # K7 }# J; ]7 a. f9 F0 A>>> s2 = 'abc_def'; D I! |! @) n. w
>>> s1 is s2 " F7 G1 G; U1 J- {4 R! MTrue1 [ _% X4 @. G
>>> s1 = 'abc%def' $ o$ a7 X( ^# M2 N# N0 @* D% \>>> s2 = 'abc%def' , i' b% Q$ B: ]) o7 X& x( e* s4 J>>> s1 == s2' @* `2 I9 n# d" R/ v
True & {1 N; r$ w, t5 E/ }5 Q0 J& E>>> s1 is s2 ' i; [8 j T4 l: P+ W8 kFalse9 l1 q! R# A7 n% M% c
>>>, ~0 I5 r* s2 O+ }; z* Q2 S* ?+ G
>>> a = 256 1 u/ N9 z' a5 @1 \3 {" `4 z>>> b = 256- N$ S; q* Z8 @' t
>>> a is b/ B* @$ V- Z( v; N
True9 V; g! |/ b, u+ S) P# k
>>> a = 2578 U# _( J: Y7 X9 `" b
>>> b = 257 \$ N7 X3 m/ J1 r9 t$ [ P>>> a is b+ e; @3 G v5 B* T, l
False + g; D* J/ G( A8 [" d>>> a == b ) V. i8 |* @6 F; ]True * |3 }- @0 o: P, u: _( h>>> ?7 I/ I0 i+ t- o& u" l. C
. i H3 p3 A6 i+ R, I! w1 ; E! E7 n( P! v- w+ S27 {. P7 M2 a5 R, b" d; B. {
31 l4 `( Z! u3 u$ }+ z q
4" N5 [# }" x: w% x; ]0 E
52 [/ ?# @8 Y# ]# y
6 ; _7 c3 X; O7 N/ X. u8 v" ]' l7 ) G2 q' Z7 q1 U6 c; ^, H3 u0 _8# ?1 a6 L# f$ J, U" {
9. t, m5 g. b) `' g$ D
10 3 ~) k$ H1 x" N- d; p3 |112 ]$ [( }" l) |# _0 m) ~
12 * o& P& q" ]; f R$ ~5 Q' q13 5 L! U# o8 j- h8 Y7 P14' I# y8 ^+ L6 R5 q2 ^
15 3 ]7 i1 G1 u# \, `9 E$ o7 r16 % A, j, H3 c" J' q17 6 u) l5 i# r6 U3 W! [18 - M- c) o' Z% A1 L: z19 ( A" u+ Y- b1 p4 H207 Q9 U/ }) d$ Y& ~6 f. f6 W
219 i. Q% l/ _- B( K0 ~' U
22 $ m& e$ _# g- X# ^* k/ K9 k, H23& D6 S Q# a+ P
24; f8 N! q" m. I8 y
25 1 ]9 _/ h) l9 B T4 ?7 Y+ b- n5 ^8 |26 % s2 D- s4 z( |& u3 T* T27 + a2 @8 o# z$ K; G4 M( c28 j* b3 D. k9 y# S9 j299 i8 [, Y( z- G; c. k
30 7 Z Z- `' g# w9 L0 e. b' C2 S" Y310 _( M; i/ z& E) B" W" Q
32 5 Q3 V* f' S. N4.强制2个字符串指向同一个对象 , L( W- A0 d2 a. d' R5 f# S" Msys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象& V. M( _, M2 F$ Z
1 Y1 H+ W, s5 R2 v$ g' d
'''sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象'''3 E8 Y2 J" c; n6 B! E
import sys+ I i) ^& \1 x1 Q3 C8 ]
a = 'abc%' " x% Z ?" W+ t9 N& V# B& H' I0 v6 Rb = 'abc%' : b7 i% Z; |/ e3 h1 h- e" @* Hprint(a is b) # True . W0 `" m! s. s2 S- sa = sys.intern(b)& y9 i: n4 ~% i$ N5 b7 h- v* [0 g* |
print(id(a), id(b)) # 2989905230512 2989905230512 0 u$ B) g* h' L1 k6 X8 Z5 q$ n- B- r# U, g
1 Y" U( \0 K: `7 `
2 8 W L/ ~( L! Y( K/ k2 N39 P5 U) T6 i& S3 w: `1 P
44 O2 k- o' j% ]0 E9 r# ? M
55 h" Y3 l, S1 G8 H
6 , R* E/ [/ K6 s; [78 \; d6 [0 m* Z/ ]
88 n7 f b/ R% N) {: A
5. PyCharm对字符串进行了优化处理; q5 T* I5 F1 X* ~
6.字符串驻留机制的优缺点+ Y y6 Y* `" a4 X
当需要值相同的字符串时,可以直接从字符串池里拿来使用,避免频繁的创建和销毁,提升效率和节约内存,因此拼接字符串和修改字符串是会比较影响性能的。 + {$ x( Y( l, B 8 S- N9 J# V9 D9 b. t3 f. @ 在需要进行字符串拼接时建议使用 str类型的join方法,而非+ ,因为join()方法是先计算出所有字符中的长度,然后再拷贝,只new一次对象,效率要比"+"效率高 。8 t% V* S! m4 P1 U; M
% N: O2 c4 [9 P b4 x. z
二、字符串类型的操作* h, R4 E' \8 d
Python类str内置源码:& ~0 F4 Q2 i O. E) t; S3 ?9 K
% r5 U7 o6 ^" c" k
class str(object):" H d+ s. K5 ]$ o; d6 }
"""4 K3 P* K/ Q' r- _0 |
str = "(对象)——> str l, p' f+ b" a, n) h8 j
' G0 M1 Z) u% t1 c
Str (bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> Str0 J2 V5 N }% T5 A' z' b' z
; X: h, w1 Z$ V
从给定的对象创建一个新的字符串对象。如果编码或,则对象必须公开数据缓冲区 3 J0 \- f* v! O/ l& k3 ]+ U, i# n 将使用给定的编码和错误处理程序进行解码。 ) p( E5 W% d6 }' r! Z, d+ f* f$ C 8 ]( Z1 S2 K# {$ R2 l6 m5 g8 [( x
否则,返回object.__str__()的结果(如果已定义)或repr(对象)。, I* `2 C; o7 `. S; t4 p: J
4 G! f8 ^% M2 C1 I$ G 编码默认为sys.getdefaultencoding()。 9 Z7 k1 U( E! w4 N f( k) G; S/ k " C5 r: U( f: s: N! r6 a$ l: Y Errors默认为'strict'。 " q( y! e0 C" a8 Y$ M) S, e """0 u' b; n, t$ C5 X
def capitalize(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : u3 Y1 i1 O: z8 z """: l% b3 r# f4 m* @
Return a capitalized version of the string.: X$ j3 B2 e: c; k. |6 k
& ~+ ^! ]( g% K" d
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower $ B+ b3 H+ L* l0 `) I% e6 x% ~7 ]9 U$ [ case. 5 }* U% r2 P( [- D """ 6 `- T5 e) c4 J L! K pass 4 x! E+ ]5 x- E3 R5 f+ P8 j, q, }/ t. ~- l- f y
def casefold(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ c1 ~% X5 r6 G& M% w, n7 G5 r$ g9 @ """ Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons. """ , S0 M- a5 @5 z8 L( r pass e/ x" }1 W( ?$ }+ q ( E0 S: | |5 D3 k, l9 B def center(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 n1 u1 O; D/ @* C+ z' P: D
"""( G$ O+ d& Y, e
返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。3 ?! [. T; n" U" J8 W8 J
- e( R) E! J: W5 ]( A' t% ^. z 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。- ^' i$ Z/ h* T5 X% T
""" + F3 P3 Q5 q* G( P* ~ pass : h, W3 o2 \" E% z6 K ( A I9 i# ?7 U' z1 E def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__7 C6 I* j* f# v# r6 R
""" " \* `: E* m6 y4 S. N S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> ( B$ i) D/ z U4 _0 B5 }' s& [ . u6 i% |1 Z5 Q8 o* }) T. T int .count(sub[, start[, end]]返回子字符串sub in不重叠出现的次数 8 K! _! _5 ?7 f8 Q" s) @0 [! G8 s: S( T6 H2 _, q( H0 e
字符串(开始:结束)。可选参数start和end是用切片表示法解释。 & x1 M2 m/ m, O# Z* y1 ` """ - P- ^; @) E/ L+ F" P return 04 ?6 u4 p# ~' t! t
& i, n% C- t( S; _+ @) R) C. L/ ~ def encode(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown$ x2 E0 \/ Y. H4 K, U
""" ! w; p. C$ O9 z2 W0 L1 I Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.( H. Y) I8 A0 l' j0 N
; j4 P, h+ |3 c* c& t
encoding ( p& i$ R" M* [ g1 Y The encoding in which to encode the string.9 {2 {2 C& b& Q
errors 7 \+ m8 V. v# w5 E% Q6 \ The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors.6 c& t8 E& o/ c. \* B/ }2 e# M
The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a: @. Y& ]- ~7 x# v+ S ~
UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and) b# {' T1 E( @" x0 I- p" A$ L
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with8 f$ C4 v6 b: U1 K( X z
codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors." R, w& K* y7 l* L1 e9 A
7 O! e6 L. N" K, \3 }0 L& F8 j
使用注册用于编码的编解码器对字符串进行编码。0 y+ b! U( H$ ]' m
( U" a, r4 S* s( v+ ^ 编码 # `; U# V- C7 t. y( T2 _$ f 用于编码字符串的编码方式。5 E8 D$ {; s+ Z: G" s
错误 # R F+ Y7 V* L8 B2 J3 O% B 用于编码错误的错误处理方案。- b) q9 ? m! \3 W$ e
默认值是'strict',意味着编码错误会引发UnicodeEncodeError。 / D& O: ~4 E6 S 其他可能的值有'ignore', 'replace'和'xmlcharrefreplace'以及注册的任何其他名称编解码器。 8 C. V/ c0 S# Z: c1 e( \) y6 o 可以处理UnicodeEncodeErrors的register_error。 4 L0 U( h; `5 U) K+ v; v' k """/ y+ V) Q2 P; c) _3 h1 O
pass/ w$ _* l, ?* d9 f
3 M" k; u2 B/ m, M3 z
def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ / R3 j" C) F. w """8 g9 f! Q/ z; s! u# Z
S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool- s6 L" r3 E |2 ?& ^* p( x. Q
+ I% ~# X/ b* p. ], a- } Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.! C/ r' x8 K- J4 M5 ]
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.0 r# Z' D* n7 m5 y2 f9 q6 |
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. ) f$ d8 ^# I( w1 Q0 k suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. 8 o- i8 r6 B+ s """1 y, C9 y7 {- q7 [1 N! V* f. K9 a
return False0 n$ ` ]+ J- ~. ^8 o' ~3 `+ J
3 s$ x, d2 Q1 j1 o2 K def expandtabs(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) j* \6 ]+ ~. J+ m """ . i0 p4 U5 Z* @7 P Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.6 K% J: k: f) F1 t+ L0 m
7 T( d4 q0 I3 e' R: `2 Y
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. & ]# x0 {) c4 J$ t """$ K7 \$ I8 R; t" i* T, P
pass7 `2 Y8 J% K1 ^7 w
( J9 N/ K* V. n: E9 W5 A/ G
def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ $ K6 S% J# z' u4 x$ g" R """ ! K& K" k0 n' ~ S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int" M+ K# a) B3 I( G- h7 P1 V& O
6 T$ S/ C1 `5 J+ R6 o! m* ~3 T Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,2 A, _8 b4 R1 d) Z' r
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional5 S# z+ U% H* I: S- v
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 2 z$ {" Q, o& Z9 h! F , s7 a" J$ b0 k: s Return -1 on failure. 2 ~5 V1 q. {0 j7 C" I' q7 E4 l1 |( R, O- ]$ r6 ?* l8 Z# b
S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 1 z6 u0 F. q- J8 x # p' f' b1 v7 ~6 S" v- S7 X$ Z 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。' c9 `9 J- o) J# [
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。& \6 L' l# r! M. x
( U+ w: d) P6 U3 m0 _, [/ T 失败时返回-1。 % b3 @$ {# j3 O9 }' O7 Y! k W7 [6 H+ H( {+ o) ^
""" # ~% m, R/ R: Y N0 X# t return 02 W p9 h- G7 H5 Z5 F, c9 O
% ?, _1 w% r6 c, _$ b5 ?* F
def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format0 ~2 A2 C6 R$ B/ ^+ F
"""' ]4 O3 e5 @& V6 z. s
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str / y* k3 c3 Q4 r& ^' j # @6 m5 y- E9 h8 [+ D3 h, ~ Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. * Y% w4 ]/ g1 Y( F6 [6 j! I2 B The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').5 l) r% o; A' l; [
! _! s6 }, o2 M" i3 @ M" N6 Z
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str 7 @# e* |) ?& g1 q9 ~7 U# s+ ?/ j & ~. V. I" e) O, w+ L6 x1 L; O* [ 使用args和kwargs的替换,返回S的格式化版本。 . d8 j7 k) [0 f' T) |9 f h' u) G 替换由大括号('{'和'}')标识。3 g+ @$ m2 z0 g' z k2 j' J
"""5 @% |1 m+ W, ?( e& G, L
pass) A/ m+ O1 O7 Z; h5 C
, \& n; [3 }& b% ?! v2 N$ E% M def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 5 w6 h* j( N& P( N """ % v* W4 V% n6 }2 d3 \( J3 E: E9 E S.format_map(mapping) -> str8 {/ I; {( i2 K) r' N) C9 j5 H! o7 F
! A& E# a7 Q/ D" H8 ]6 Q Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.( n* }+ B- l: r3 N
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). & k/ T, y4 q4 |: g& I/ c """ # m" `) u9 [* {! h$ c: ?, l return ""% a" T. _0 m1 Q9 T ~
/ e. d0 h' q% Y5 L6 z2 [
def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__# @0 k" J' o1 M! p8 y4 b8 i- U8 o, p
""" # O3 w% V$ N- u+ _ S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int$ n; d. a+ _7 h: d' s
/ E3 }& ]9 S' @: _$ x& e0 ~
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,9 r$ _) [, _3 H# j
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional . D, M, }7 b3 g/ R arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.9 J1 w9 s- W+ ]. h" n" m
6 O* {: g9 y+ [ O! h
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found. ! d; r& {# ]; q: Q i; }& @& r! r+ E6 F$ ] O1 A1 w
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int # U) T# t2 X' L+ b+ X0 R .index(sub[, start[, end]] 4 C( i* ?8 e+ Z. U! u1 B: S' K % `0 a& X9 e( t U! P: C
返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。. _8 [3 x" B# b$ \& M7 s
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。: U* D" W$ L2 A( A, c, @; z& S
* g6 z/ V& b& G/ V9 r9 M
当没有找到子字符串时引发ValueError。& K0 u* S, t$ |- B( [6 t2 o
""", Q; D8 |; T. J( P. \
return 0. J, o4 r9 o* d3 Z* N+ @
2 I7 ?$ O, T$ N* Y7 Y: D* N- e1 f def isalnum(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown5 C- o5 {- X' I( y. D! R. k& w6 j
""". ?; T7 t/ o8 X) x; Z3 |4 C
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.) n, Z# A6 X7 F* ~2 c
d3 M) ~5 a+ T& l! h A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and " B$ S/ y6 q$ @3 w6 X% x there is at least one character in the string.. g7 ?6 N: ~, y3 z3 L# f' G4 H
"""$ Y/ ~4 ?) V6 ^
pass2 v- m: I* i- k9 s( P9 s
# x/ u" e8 O5 [8 a% d( v( f
def isalpha(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown + G8 W% t$ \' A) n """6 C( B- v" j% g
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.6 X1 A; g# p+ B, A, G I3 h% x
5 i7 i- M7 H4 T1 M$ }* y
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there. z" Z' p, i# e
is at least one character in the string. 9 T( N# x2 v8 _0 E5 U/ Z i """9 T+ C7 w/ s2 t
pass + m, c: ?7 f8 J8 g% }5 ^: @4 Z( @( z% a0 {3 K
def isascii(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown$ v6 G* ~0 i6 U4 j" f+ N
"""4 t1 a$ K; ?' V) v+ N2 o# J/ ^
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.2 H( {9 A" Z D6 x$ P+ u' V! i# s8 D
4 I) X3 p. e3 f6 R4 [ ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. h$ d$ {9 R; w5 v! w Empty string is ASCII too. 3 ~( ^# n4 r! w, u- o n """0 \8 G* S/ B) u1 @. P! M* \0 s
pass8 a& I& w0 m7 ^
8 A X) n! O8 [" y def isdecimal(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 b! g5 s+ f, _* U$ Y """- l% Y* ~& h) b
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise. : x- v% X) s$ }9 \: a5 P P* c% A% ~7 B4 D! s; k
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and # k$ V# F D) w8 t: s! x6 z! F there is at least one character in the string. ( S% \ Y3 R' X. f2 x """ 4 O4 Q$ Q2 o$ ^5 S$ P7 ` pass 6 I- L3 X% b- C6 s% D6 ?4 |8 H ' ?( y& Z* @! X0 U" R' ^, x: d/ q; X; ] def isdigit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 1 N3 q0 g. g' C/ P! a) k """' @( I2 z2 ]% Z+ K9 v6 o* m( O3 Y
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise. x& [2 S* K$ S1 P. M: ?8 W
8 m( R! t* B# C! w. T9 F0 y
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there + Y, j5 q7 {& |0 ?/ q is at least one character in the string. & r. K1 ?3 q& s- ] """ / l) N/ B- u# a pass # O( g+ N R2 l8 X9 H6 c& J* X9 D ?, E
def isidentifier(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown- q. @" n; d" Z5 {( p' l
""" 5 \7 c6 h. e |; t$ s" o Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise. ! h$ |/ d% w. x g; s" Y. w 0 h8 B4 J( R8 Q6 H Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, 8 L1 k3 E3 I5 ~" p4 ~ such as "def" or "class". $ I3 E3 M4 C0 k" [ """ 0 h' d% J1 }' @4 T$ I& d$ o pass; c5 t; H: g: k0 ]5 b
% Z& {& G* }& `4 t& z \1 D def islower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 0 b. `. O* f6 ^" k& t2 } """ ' I7 ^5 z, X+ U2 ~2 S/ @, A Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise. * y( r) r {+ B, T; L/ ^! {- x$ |8 P
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and+ J- z9 \5 w6 n& ~
there is at least one cased character in the string. 0 I6 [" P! f2 D3 ]& C """4 c) {2 J8 n \7 f) [
pass c0 {- A% [$ V) v( D/ R
( X9 f1 I. g5 t
def isnumeric(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 Y( T2 m, y" E, J- t" t """4 w9 L" l3 V0 y: v
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.& x$ w: n$ x$ B. d& q) c2 Z
( j$ O2 c: d$ S! Z h
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at j+ O' f) ]5 F. ]5 ^
least one character in the string. & `; t, P- I. o, N) K- W """% C' u/ X( o3 I1 I" d( z
pass 7 D9 L. t, f( g$ h5 s5 g# l$ h2 b0 Q; c; L$ J- L! F
def isprintable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( j: a" x7 i2 _3 P """ ) l) S$ O: r7 Q. B. l3 P Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.: _) y" R, O+ Y: d$ L, l8 H: k
. k7 l( B3 f$ X+ S8 o& N: z% I; r3 _ A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in. |0 u( r K$ e: }
repr() or if it is empty.$ u3 ~+ S/ g$ u
""": z* l$ W: ?( H# [8 v
pass) v- f$ n8 O' _+ y
! u3 r n8 K5 N def isspace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' ?* ?. b! J/ G* D! S$ T( ^9 U """; E; ~2 M6 ]; C; n/ }* \7 g
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.7 Y9 v8 z( C: i- d
3 h: }8 ^% t# {' K2 `) ^
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there4 p% p( v. Q+ M
is at least one character in the string. ; h" ?1 {& o+ P: ~) B/ K8 x. \ """ * i. O1 t' q; R" v& k8 m pass 6 R! \: e; D: q& M" \# I( R 9 z) A* \' E4 ]" G7 w, N x2 B: E) ]. K def istitle(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 ]; v. Z+ ]/ Y2 N/ X y) L
"""; |$ _! F. N* b4 K: t
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.( r% h# F1 w2 X. N. O# v
' h2 {8 a7 @$ q- N8 h; g In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only- Y% N3 |; l% {5 }; `% ]9 Q" y2 v
follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.' V$ Y& E$ x% w; q5 D2 o3 F* h! E# j* x
""", H' @& n. g7 y
pass8 L, j0 C! l6 J3 x( a( T
) Z1 ~' |- z- l5 T# W def isupper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown! `7 g B0 i: f# P; R9 C$ b, ~8 J: N
""" 1 D$ a" v0 m! r4 X, R ?) B Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise. 3 I' ~- l2 \" P# U) f# [ ?2 C' s+ ]: q
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and / t7 B( G3 n2 Z4 g4 W* M; K there is at least one cased character in the string.9 R. l9 t7 K: X+ Z) G7 \1 A
""" & Y, q$ v- s5 G! T" h: {) P: p; y pass - F8 ], p3 B: y) m. `- U# J/ @. q9 \$ }# ^1 I+ Y5 ?5 \0 O! [
def join(self, ab=None, pq=None, rs=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__8 T) k6 p! u6 m; z9 c5 h- L5 A4 z/ R
"""4 c( P+ A1 s1 s% T- v+ m) a
Concatenate any number of strings. . K# Y9 h2 l+ a* C7 ]" H x# A' e' D/ ~# W9 i The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. ) [! C0 q! k" d9 ]7 r( Q" T$ | The result is returned as a new string.9 K* ]' q( `, [+ n
* a9 X& `0 I: Q1 `' s- d
Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'6 l( ]1 i, G; R% C5 y
7 ^) a4 \, [+ u. k& F 调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。' m% \2 r; m5 A1 D8 Y/ K
结果以新字符串的形式返回。: U: ]4 j, H; T) D
$ x& K/ r9 W0 \- L# k. U+ U3 z
例如:“。”。Join (['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs' 8 k& Z `" J# t& W O I+ d2 Q """ , _" b) f' j9 B pass3 y9 z) L+ R% G3 Y( t: }" }. s
: U! t6 o$ f$ X! B6 _
def ljust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown% J/ E4 }: j/ Y4 S$ d2 A
""" . i( T8 n7 I4 b: V Return a left-justified string of length width. p& U5 o/ C6 Q. Y
1 l# q/ J/ k& @2 S# I2 [. F
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).& D. N* v7 Q" G5 w3 ]% {6 Z9 A
+ L# c; {/ U# k9 F( W; n
返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。! h- z; W5 D$ G5 L; r" q3 i6 R
5 H* _. h {4 V8 v/ ]1 n
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。( ?# V$ y& F( L/ h7 o
""" # C& [0 q; f' @) ~# X2 w/ ` pass6 Y8 }+ d; ^% Z% \1 B9 O3 A
+ j% l( ~& r' x
def lower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ X6 i' L# Z; q% d& t8 E' M """ Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase. ) c3 f+ r8 A/ `, p9 R/ @4 I1 j5 R: W8 ^
返回转换为小写的字符串副本。"""0 p7 w7 U' L/ i- a
pass % T7 u$ e, l7 P9 Y0 q - P! m7 ^3 m% O& U, x/ g) b! H def lstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, r9 c: H5 i4 r6 K* ~8 m3 J
""" ! q! k8 B4 F0 p7 m8 ]! L Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed. 1 q# h- v) }: l5 ?# ?! ~& X, w6 a1 a3 K" J
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.- Y: Q1 I6 a$ @# @: P) n
6 \/ y0 s T- D% n
返回删除前导空格的字符串副本。5 _+ ?0 u% |6 @; O( l
9 d# Q" ~" e8 h4 q. V0 y 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。1 z+ Y3 X) d: y, @7 i7 P$ H
"""4 b" {& _9 \ }
pass $ ~2 u1 u1 @: p, j7 ]- |+ D" e4 B! n( a) N b
def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 l" O. F* ~; O9 ?" L6 W5 o
""" d* y' X+ w- g8 N4 Q+ X
Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). $ z1 A$ J7 h+ ~3 s# M5 C, ~ 1 Q& `0 D; T E6 ^* h* C If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode4 D4 f0 t) C3 k; M7 ]
ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.% I: Z) D6 `# `. P' \1 }7 @
Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.; @! r4 I- J/ o) c4 D! i
If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and 7 \+ y" g. X& Y9 A# g in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the3 F) R4 @( I8 p1 l- L! ^: K: ~
character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it/ x" J6 P7 O! W. H
must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.7 g' p- X: s9 t
"""- F, ~% U- D% m/ |+ p
pass # j/ L. g) ^+ P, Y! B0 }( h8 V8 K& Q( ^ 8 Y3 s/ H# Y$ c def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown / x1 r+ i9 }* I6 U0 Y: ^ """9 G1 g% U' \3 G6 R- B* o
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. + ^* D6 ?4 N( D; k$ o+ F, K& |4 ~, k! a9 z- l
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found,. O0 v6 p, y6 Z3 o7 _
returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator / L. C; Q0 M; G% ? itself, and the part after it. O7 s$ P4 q6 {! m( i7 f9 ^. k: X. N" }4 \% V$ M* r3 V
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string ; o7 s3 \$ o3 [& G) r9 c/ S( _' W and two empty strings.& h9 l$ w7 G7 B) B0 i
"""& O# \+ M( M1 w1 V/ W
pass 8 f) X5 Y2 B) E; W3 |. d4 H* Y+ f8 ~
def replace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown7 C# N: O5 s+ k- b5 ~# r1 r
""" $ K# H' L8 K, u. F S Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.; \* l: H& y* C' u! L
3 I1 W. Q0 o h0 M( d+ k. F count& `( `( L* z; X8 i1 L( ?2 f0 l! }
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. $ ~2 L! \4 \+ R( b& w5 B, Y: S -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences. @- {* W( W7 |: w3 [
8 u% w% w! i9 A3 X' |* n+ R- ~
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are) D3 T5 y( I Q( ^/ w1 l; @6 q# d
replaced. ) t, P) |4 y3 l+ S5 u& m 1 K$ h) N* d5 t( e/ A. ` 返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。1 t( R. @' f8 j, F) Q: \" \' K/ v
9 V$ ]5 j: N& M* `
数: [+ r5 r+ f5 q
替换的最大次数。, G; t9 L% v, m3 m3 ^# v
-1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。: N/ {0 H. ?% `$ {/ M# F# p4 l" ^2 t
; D( ?1 S$ s8 v" D! Y9 }" Q% j9 m
如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。 6 H1 \$ _+ B a9 Z4 C8 f! ^; i """4 q. Y/ n: ]% k/ W' a$ `
pass 9 A( G2 D/ s- ^. @) }( K* |" e! D4 s9 R# |1 c2 i2 @! W9 `
def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ : Q% d! o% Y, o! T& F% u) T """ q h3 P% e. }- t; ` I S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int4 ?4 L" m( p# C& y( r
8 ?! U3 Q) @/ t Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,7 {* R8 m. k1 }; A. P8 J# P
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional ! A# M3 @: p: c9 W& @1 D! M arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. ! l" A, z" ?% g9 w9 Z7 i2 T7 E. N . W$ {0 [! _6 H0 [- a+ a5 e Return -1 on failure. + O; t8 S k/ t/ P' u, T7 H """, z; u5 t0 p; ~7 B* F2 T
return 0/ J5 u6 M9 s2 w: o# b: I: U- e" l
0 o: w) I- j5 o# H
def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 2 T" C$ Y9 l& n6 |* Z """5 R, l5 |) p6 n1 i3 X( `% N3 w% o3 S
S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int6 k$ E6 h6 h2 |- E4 z
0 `" g) Q' m! R( \! ]9 @, L8 d Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, + `& s2 G0 e4 z4 Y/ j0 m9 _ such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional ! F9 P: L3 |; P% p$ r( g arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. + ]8 q) }9 F* Y( \& [3 M# U0 A 6 n7 C: n' i6 V6 _% { Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.4 R% D' C3 l# f
""" . T- y# y! N% o4 A) `& K6 |/ Y( Z return 0 ) P6 l1 ^- z5 G5 M) h4 f( n4 h0 t/ o* T( N! A
def rjust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) f& B6 c$ P/ W """, P! z. v; N: U
Return a right-justified string of length width." L4 s) b, z6 G- p
7 }4 Z! u; {8 u- P Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).& ]3 M, I* c# g+ c7 ~% z3 U7 K
# q" d: \3 t1 F0 y
返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。2 z r) C& l$ F+ B' S' Y: c
\) J5 u" E- W9 ~7 M% ^* T 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 % A8 |7 ?( K( U, s) A7 [' V """ % ]0 c9 H3 P* D$ f3 F M7 a( n) C pass 8 L" k8 u% o5 L: \ 3 y& z& \* X1 H9 g1 _; R def rpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! a9 X% d3 Q" U1 a9 g [7 c/ c """ * a$ l; E( _( Y+ H1 r, u& G; c0 m: E Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.1 i7 ^* _+ l) C0 n( h
3 M1 y# y# c+ k& w7 K6 h) r
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If 1 A3 v V+ Y) K& P the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the + s, }# T# L- }% b separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. - q" r/ e" L, G4 b' N2 u + K7 u# F2 I$ f If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings - M/ E& [5 O0 u# D$ m1 c1 K, T5 ~ and the original string. R3 j& P0 G5 w6 h
""" 8 {# K- c5 a8 S9 W# A9 o pass ' _/ @: ~0 R, ]* o$ ? ) F6 N% y7 b( a/ \4 Z% s' ? def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 o+ L9 E+ X8 B0 A3 N& @ """# ^2 |7 L* k/ f
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.# r2 I4 R/ k' l1 y5 ?
3 ]& N+ ~8 E% V; G9 b0 o sep 9 y" Y q2 F" R8 Z( }4 G The delimiter according which to split the string. 5 C6 _% P- ]6 ]! F None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace,! z4 F0 j$ W ?) F: a' @6 E
and discard empty strings from the result., F% q" J: x2 b
maxsplit x0 \6 e: y6 I. V
Maximum number of splits to do. * @- N, _% j$ `) @# L$ K -1 (the default value) means no limit. 7 r, Z) n" J7 k) u7 \, D, r 9 ^5 \# p. O1 r6 r Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front. 7 `" @8 l" A9 J b$ C4 @ + u+ o# K1 i0 x6 j( v' S 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。 % b5 Y" i; d% F* n4 s) g sep $ Y) ^, ?7 I, c9 K5 H1 t/ [" K 用来分割字符串的分隔符。 , Y6 O* C, b" F( q None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。. g8 r5 y% D6 u
& ^" s7 A" v2 X# b maxsplit: l5 w2 I- F8 L0 |4 N) x) O( V
最大分割次数。 ' r: g9 Y7 R$ m( ^7 R* n q2 X8 i -1(默认值)表示无限制。 ! Z/ v Q" _& l 4 n- O) H) C* q& T 劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。 ; @) S0 n( U' u1 Z$ U' ^+ l; n8 v+ n """# S% a. }8 w! T6 D3 Y
pass * [0 L0 F/ F ~: B7 Z. c: O+ u7 l8 M' `& O3 r
def rstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown- n, f& j; B; Y: \) p2 k6 \4 u
""" 6 r, k- h* `* y" M3 A Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed. 2 t1 ^7 X! D. S5 I* Y# _$ P9 q: I9 x0 [& N6 Z: R1 h
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 2 R7 E/ d3 d0 O% ?) b0 k8 @5 Z, k% R$ a
返回字符串的副本,删除尾随空格。 6 w" O8 c& g9 {9 z" s/ \4 I; p' `) \. i* v3 J2 ^5 w* l) X
如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。/ k9 z' U4 Q0 f
""" 6 w5 P5 J# @+ a3 ?3 c pass : M1 ?7 D- ?2 r& W; L$ v3 ^. Z0 C7 A
def split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * ^% y7 u7 A* s& C% W """" F+ q( x# @4 J/ G% _1 A4 ~
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. % z- I4 @5 Q+ G, u3 u/ k/ N- h/ f+ E, ?3 Q2 J4 g( a
sep9 O l# S( m- C$ U% g+ ?2 |
The delimiter according which to split the string. 8 g( S% M) ~0 s; T None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, m! n8 r4 Y4 U' e4 r- ~# s
and discard empty strings from the result. ) t: v9 l9 h4 k' { maxsplit - B5 X; k- ?! Z* x Maximum number of splits to do.( g% M( `. J$ V
-1 (the default value) means no limit.& b; y; r) I1 S% b2 p/ V* n) V
""" o- b) n+ H+ A6 D7 A D( ~6 G
pass $ E# b G5 L2 T) Z $ W8 k' ~! d# A: y# [ def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; E/ R7 S6 S) B1 J
""" 1 ~4 d' W9 o& J# M' W! b) r4 [ Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.1 ?, ]9 R- D; j/ @) O1 u
5 ?% v3 M2 x Q* X$ { Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and( W- x @4 B8 \$ C# j1 h
true.& L8 D" ?, O; U2 j* R
""" 2 Y; p/ I& p. a; j9 U, j pass/ Z" K$ B* W4 r! o3 l2 M
1 x( [- d( E( ~7 H. X- ` def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 8 Y2 n4 @- N2 R4 U1 Y """4 O# ^8 v- T5 C" G2 b
S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool 1 p* z( y( V1 P w" ^+ D1 N/ {8 |! F. {8 K5 T0 P4 h
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.& k! I- i! D# g+ G" B8 i5 @' @
With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 8 p' L. c% E, f* g. X2 g: R. M! L! x7 E With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. ! L9 q0 I, e0 d9 P' {7 R prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. " L: e, x/ W o% m, n """; I, d- h! O- G8 m& c7 y I
return False # l! S: e7 V; l0 w: d2 K6 {$ J. Z4 K) W
def strip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 1 d; T6 m. y d8 u, g8 k* J/ e! c """7 U5 }' O5 B( c- g6 P6 u9 g
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed. * N" l6 s$ p; e/ H5 m! X a- T4 F. W/ S1 U3 d
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 1 d( U- Z& y* c/ H1 w3 d 9 }/ m4 J0 U1 H& z1 Y 返回删除前导和尾随空格的字符串副本。! V8 V0 O& i# _, G% t3 {* T
" z' X5 K: m( c4 l5 m- G8 } 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。) h& y& W5 K f1 M' [$ j
"""5 E* ~2 C1 @4 G2 r u: p) u9 G
pass9 I- |$ z1 ?6 u- X" g* v* W
q' s) x4 m ?+ ^$ j Z def swapcase(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 0 s+ T8 T$ ^2 q, k' Z """ Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase. """ , k8 H% l- x3 i4 z pass . T! b% E) n& ^- G [: _4 k8 f' h+ i$ } @' p( i/ [$ ^
def title(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown% B5 m: O* `4 D$ [
"""7 W* I0 d) {- b, z" I
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.8 F) C) K; m9 K$ D# y
& J+ J0 J! Y6 |
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining : {; L- d/ ]# p# S3 E9 R9 U cased characters have lower case. & z( b0 ]2 Q, Q8 K, k. s: F """. n8 R" \1 T" h) B% C
pass 4 A6 D0 t! q! }$ w , K. u( X0 s2 `1 ^( ~! }6 x+ _ def translate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown p0 J, ^( o o6 g
"""6 t% u! R+ t& t
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table. 2 Q& V3 G9 h0 F- K/ N, f5 t) C" i c3 b! s+ I! a
table' c& c8 `' o0 G# o' G' ~6 f
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to % p1 d- G# E1 T5 M Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.) q- J# A8 ?; d; T* o& W. P3 o( k
3 i) Q& K8 r4 a9 [0 z; N5 J The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a - r$ \: M9 G& g/ c/ J dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is $ @7 i+ a0 b1 D& q" }8 A; m left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.5 G( \/ @8 b8 ]6 K3 Q
""" ' q: f% V; C$ ~1 c4 D3 k pass( f% c* z9 E% l. Y4 B z, @. b4 z ?
( F. M6 b! _+ W def upper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * D6 [$ R5 `) @1 U """ Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase. """ % {* A; h( W; k& ?7 b& z6 K$ J pass 1 C l( T/ O8 K5 h Q0 F; E, D & ~& t4 A7 o" n) y5 {# p, r def zfill(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown - n' j/ f5 ]0 j2 o" @ """$ w8 E N: j! S2 J
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. 5 w: W( J- \8 \8 r4 v# [. C! B7 s" J% Q- i
The string is never truncated. 6 c8 v( _9 t# S& v5 ~ """5 S% n0 B4 w# G# x5 j+ Y
pass 7 g1 y: }) T( m% h; o( K+ u" V: a& u; W& E# C! A
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown& `8 J$ f2 m. ~3 |% Z8 a
""" Return self+value. """ $ Y# A( @( J \; {( {; ]# V# O5 e5 I5 y pass* e- \5 \) X! Z- R, ]
9 Q7 z- w" E+ v$ }( {; Y def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ K9 O* \4 w% E+ r """ Return key in self. """ , V1 Q4 d B+ P2 f pass 1 M; k- B3 j( w. v* z3 N0 U6 r/ }5 x) |. U
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * o7 c8 l( ?" w" A; \ """ Return self==value. """6 d! j" J; L7 S( ^' |
pass O) j3 @! D7 U3 R- U1 |/ K ( P8 f" M2 o' }2 V; C def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, Q7 c" j' Q0 R- B
""" Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec. """ + |' T* ^ }9 J# {) x pass . i3 [" d+ w l h 0 N! i* b' K3 q. k2 M2 ~8 r. C2 f0 J def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) K- {: \9 e1 E' s """ Return getattr(self, name). """- O& O+ _: D3 s( b% O
pass: P9 z+ w: o4 v( N, ^
A. |6 K( t/ T* ?! r* I
def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) J* B& K0 H* r) _# L6 r: G """ Return self[key]. """ 6 i$ E# \% [( R& N, ?$ _. ]* L pass4 \* t* F* M2 z& A4 O
6 s" w' H! q; g D1 b" {$ D def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown# b3 J. w& ?$ P+ M
pass( p& j- f2 j# I: z, G/ }/ U8 j
$ B) ~/ F3 n% n( ]+ l def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown & @7 y7 ]5 K. ?1 {) h' B """ Return self>=value. """0 b, q* u7 |( | n$ C
pass ) _# d; D& ^; D$ w2 y$ v H5 \ $ \2 ?3 E/ o. K. }5 \ Y def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 ?5 C. J$ s v5 f5 N4 \
""" Return self>value. """8 u. m$ _! W3 j( N! l2 F7 N4 A& k
pass. G! i3 A; h1 P# k+ P: @
8 C6 _ u2 K; F; J* @ def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown) ~8 Q% q! J% `; W4 m
""" Return hash(self). """ . v- W1 ]+ W* u Q+ K2 ]7 _. E4 Q2 Q pass ) n$ J; H2 t8 w6 G7 `' L : G% Q8 o- A2 d G- h def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__2 Y) a& L3 B _
""" ; z" ?( X% d, ]7 n5 x str(object='') -> str4 L# u8 b) I0 J3 D
str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str 3 J- t1 V9 @ l, Y, E# t ) e) F0 ?. ]' ? Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or + c+ b( ~- \7 x4 L errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer 8 A& K9 V- `" }* ?& K+ V9 d& E that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. , e1 J6 s$ X+ S Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)6 T" ]# W4 N9 Y( A$ ^# X* N
or repr(object).' K8 s2 m9 s5 y ]
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().# I" }/ O" J# r" X! Z8 T' U
errors defaults to 'strict'.% f% v$ ^, @3 j G1 g0 V6 `5 j j* T( t
# (copied from class doc)9 m m5 {" a/ }2 j6 e, T4 s
""" * e+ s4 V4 j, w pass! C* j% Q# V, ` o' l1 m/ k# N
- r' x% g) x8 p* M
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 v$ a3 I( Q, f; k0 _; P8 @
""" Implement iter(self). """ $ W g) r9 w, ^0 T( n pass2 h+ D! d2 S1 H+ f/ Z6 }+ L: A
( z, g8 w. ]( ?/ L+ y
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 8 c" s/ k8 }0 \& L8 U3 {3 b, h """ Return len(self). """ : V9 ^+ B5 A$ x3 z pass* L( H* C" m9 `. o. t7 r+ l# U' v
# S! n* ?0 v* K$ J% Y- |! a3 U
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown8 W" \+ E) f4 {% u
""" Return self<=value. """* b( v9 {; y0 [7 Z: t
pass$ O" T& O/ U a# [, Q
8 l2 V' b$ U* R2 m( S1 q1 ?% B def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown: L% F% m2 U9 L0 G4 g( E
""" Return self<value. """ 7 R# Y" g& x5 i7 Q' z' Q pass" [1 @$ d) ?8 j2 ?0 P8 D
. `2 t6 Q. k3 O/ A: ~1 N
def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 2 d5 @. a+ }0 G7 W2 @3 b% D7 x """ Return self%value. """' }' J# _ T3 j9 p& n" _! G
pass ) X4 c. U r/ Z8 M' L. F2 \1 ]# Z7 q
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown- Y6 M4 O* A. ^' F& R
""" Return self*value. """ 0 X6 G2 O9 O2 C pass8 s' J# f Z+ ]( Z0 P* O- L" P
8 q. J( q3 I& `+ g5 C; L
@staticmethod # known case of __new__ 9 j- X$ g0 @' h% U) y+ N* Q def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown # g4 g' |, x0 M) a$ g3 q# [ """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ # U+ B# ?- M- Q7 e# H* A9 F. J pass 6 H% y. _8 B2 E9 V* [5 u) K0 x2 a+ q( B- o
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown: k5 @; V: F8 P
""" Return self!=value. """ 3 z% t- B7 t3 @7 T' Z, h3 {8 { pass. x/ }3 w0 B$ C! r) L9 l
- g' T5 \, F V* n' Y
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 7 ?0 F5 Y6 ~9 W; P2 l' ~& N """ Return repr(self). """7 F: j* t% k5 ?
pass0 _) A7 d4 p$ R/ b" k
' ^: q1 V) d" l( F
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 j6 r0 B0 ?4 J """ Return value%self. """ 7 V- c: f3 N: q J' ^5 c pass3 [5 i7 E* g: }7 i. V1 {
% e1 k2 a4 h% \ h& w) O def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown3 x$ y ^& p9 u- o& ]: a
""" Return value*self. """% ~3 J; m6 L2 U; T3 t4 V
pass% `" K4 X w0 O# S/ i+ E
- i$ ?0 q8 l* ] def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown& P+ k+ b1 y5 i, q. S' `2 {8 T
""" Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes. """ . n- O! L# J2 r$ \) P3 |: v( S6 o pass ; \6 J; |; c, i+ y9 l% z2 o) `" L" y/ }0 d
def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown8 c2 R3 \2 ^/ p" b4 Y5 r2 h! Z
""" Return str(self). """ a; k$ H, z8 `6 ^) b
pass 7 o2 b" g" M$ k % z: H& D1 z2 u" |1# ^, M, c8 ]$ N1 n
2 8 N7 O) ?2 o* o( E/ ~39 r# G7 ^+ s* ~0 K. ^
44 W4 c& ]8 f& r) Z( p
5 6 [$ R: q1 H, y6 d6' H6 |. L) d8 o. \. ?
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168 b$ [) ~+ g7 o; N* B" E B9 G% `
17 3 W2 U5 Z6 K- f) u9 f2 F18 - Y# \$ c; o6 ]" f. Q19 7 X9 A c1 J/ N+ U1 x9 @20 6 P4 y& W# y# |7 Y4 m21. M9 R9 d! x9 y! Y) _
22 X; x% e# t7 F6 ?1 h5 r( |
23 6 R4 S" X9 o# q) V8 ]2 v! j+ |24 ! i( g6 j6 {2 X+ f, e- i3 t1 p( J- z25 7 {$ j; b8 }1 Q& ?3 Y* |; E7 f6 I26 l4 Q" }$ R% T3 n- j/ \7 [' \1 t
27 $ x4 ]# g# S, Q( E/ _ X28% L' G! B" d4 V* P+ N+ R3 \; E; f+ L
29$ {5 ^0 n! B( s1 D2 V' k: [4 M
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31 * K# ?7 b& M, {5 T2 s/ d9 O+ a32" s$ ?! ?6 H6 \2 F S. h% J
33 + l- e5 _; S7 l$ M k, t34 $ X2 ~, w9 y8 ^6 g6 ^2 g! v! B358 X( p& L, z5 m1 \/ E+ O* [
366 |6 M' r: i; N, d# {1 w
37 2 q3 u" b2 b9 ~- _. x% a38 : y0 P* w+ V* B7 |) c39 x: Z) l' @# q: d
40 4 _4 m5 \+ g. h3 _1 X9 ^: P41$ u6 K9 v7 u. ~+ c
423 k/ {, Z9 G) Y ~$ m6 T
43 . L% A& P# Q& Q1 ?7 |44 , U* k. e1 m, m; e45 7 q" M( U5 E/ z8 w5 ~$ J& K46! P; B5 e6 `5 t, V5 D& k0 g* w8 N
47 " ^0 N6 o7 o, \: F48+ p3 d1 K0 @6 l8 v) j- ^
49; V4 ]" Y; D% Z/ _2 K4 L5 m/ L1 z0 m
504 k2 j% X. ~4 d2 b e0 z0 g
51( x0 x) T; x5 f9 {
522 ?" ^9 c) ^. `: o4 x# W
53/ q6 a; v; B3 s$ w/ k. \/ ]/ S
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55 m& i4 N/ V& Z3 d0 Z2 D
56& ?8 W- h. d* B, U U
57) M- ` \2 a8 Y W: W/ a8 h
589 C4 ?" T* }& u9 u0 j- o
59 % B# G3 D3 g( n# R60 1 {5 y# ]) T: Y! [& t C, ?61( c9 k4 t) n7 \3 Y$ \; B' R& r
62* E) x) ^8 r* O) G( _5 G/ f$ `4 k
63% y9 g$ n7 W X* j
641 Y7 d0 `2 R9 v* n& f g
65. h6 x1 H e" q: X( L4 z
66 ' ?+ U* `, |7 n/ K. z% O! a671 u9 q3 {$ j* X6 n, U' J7 M
68 : o( V6 e2 w/ h" s698 {4 E! N9 L" s; n- {2 T
70' M+ @" M9 \3 n: O( T+ o
71 6 B1 |8 n& X7 s5 H2 _4 Q72 0 L4 K2 b, M& c3 E735 z) Y2 C/ g7 l; T1 u5 E& l
74 C( Z. T: z& l( S; O% Z
752 L" G1 E* {* s D" U( F% s
76 2 c& O$ x2 e& `! L77 1 ]1 K6 L4 F' f, V! V78 " _0 X" ?7 s9 ^. ?- {5 d& g9 K790 i1 f5 ?! y2 T5 m0 q
80 ) J+ H( P3 A0 T0 Z! l- Z2 d; X3 J816 {3 g9 c3 O+ P% {/ V
82 5 @+ i2 ^+ N8 _: l6 K0 y2 Q83 ( I O5 g: O- z! w) H) Z84& j) z( h) N5 {% ]! E( N% w" C- o
85 ! Y% R' g7 F! X' h86 {3 e2 e/ \9 b
87' \* p$ x' [" `( E/ @9 ~
88& Z1 M! E* r7 [7 S5 ]' S6 t5 c
89$ f9 o" I; o" ]* P# M: L
904 S4 M. k8 _& j
91 : z7 ]/ i7 R5 z. k7 s+ Q92 4 t: s) }: _ D6 |( x0 @93 ) b* W$ J# e+ B" M) W( e. j2 Y9 N94 - ], Y! e- {: v* V' t95. }" k: F! F/ u+ H0 y
96 0 w/ ]; O8 C8 d4 F97 7 v2 Y3 P* h: r98 4 H, J* G) B0 w7 t99 ( F8 f% h0 ?. e" ]* S+ [100: j1 S/ a9 a, f4 i! z) ]/ i
1017 N9 S! e! A7 f$ V
102 * ?# ^/ S# Z' C) S103 " z6 a" i! Y, d7 Z/ ]104 ) W" W# q& c# b* u) y1053 L5 f Q) k2 V( {
1060 `6 B, |; C# I; ^* D0 M
107 * x- h' Z" P& A1 B6 y1088 k) Z9 j6 I. ?) Q) [7 S
109 ; |( j! Q% \9 I% O- ^0 H+ N110% v3 S! Q9 i' m: N
111+ G P+ U$ g, ?' `4 h. d$ k2 A- f
112" {0 A% |! v+ g+ t! d" C( O% E& L5 O. P
1131 p! d& N1 D) ~( U
114) [1 P& x+ p7 v4 k1 `7 N. Z
115+ G) A! k8 N: u' F
1168 t, P1 F$ |+ z
1171 C: z5 L+ n( ]1 N _/ O
118 ' F) M5 j2 a$ K9 U- Q# W8 n1199 b e f( d0 r
120. }5 l6 F5 r& L# [$ r
121 7 u0 W- G6 D/ W. I0 m122 ) s9 I2 {% f- b. [123 0 c% K; E/ r+ ]. r3 A" V/ c- F1247 T( Z, Q6 ^, r: I9 z
125( ?) @, [5 ^6 u+ r
126 & C2 n% f" ]2 f O ^0 y127 ! V1 Z& M1 [& p9 ^128/ L+ L# S6 B+ u! |* r; ~
129- J6 b: n7 l1 K& P5 G0 w% _
130 # f% t) _# _( c! L# A U1312 Z, c4 g4 E( i$ x& i% {6 y. W) z
132& h, }( C# T, ]4 C4 \+ ]- V
1336 e/ K* j4 f0 T
1344 C- U7 c5 b- \7 R& C
1352 k5 z f) H$ N* f# A h
136. e& U# j q, p
137 + z N( m. c' i1 G138, H' f# B+ O" ^
139 A3 K3 c$ V! {* o# M+ ~$ o5 g
140- q! Q% Z2 o7 U, i; j
141 ( z; X% }; g ~' j& N7 g- C N2 m1427 @: v5 A2 f3 R. ~
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144# z; A7 `# k9 y2 k8 T" {( b
145 $ g$ _4 i+ ~7 C. o) l9 g% a, m8 M146 5 p. X7 a/ _/ o: h8 Z1 d147$ t6 i, b! |7 ]; N0 a1 y% }: ^
148 ' }, ^5 w$ d& m+ j' T2 Q149 9 h2 O0 R o% N) T150. v* ?. T# {% M* S$ w( O
151* t3 |( m; P" r: A
152 # a! y' F8 h, h5 u5 B" P0 h) J153; F, v* g+ z" g; m+ l' e
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155& f, o& ]+ n6 A
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158: S, R$ V" \6 M+ D- Q6 A
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162 8 Y1 }6 X$ M1 _7 B0 W0 D. M) i1631 K; C6 B$ _7 b; W3 j+ Y
164) P* I1 s7 _# ^6 c7 x+ q
165 ! D; H5 o1 j& x' Z: `166 3 w( v6 r2 G: ?, y5 |167 4 w. p" [- F. e E/ D7 A168 . O9 k6 s3 c$ r- [4 V% j169- C9 U9 L+ a% I9 ~. H
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172 : I/ y* A8 z8 b% x173 9 W8 S: z( f/ b' Z174 - x p; ^8 p8 x3 X175 " O. r/ Z$ O) f3 j: @176 J. w6 z! `3 \# _# u3 \7 G" F1773 t0 ^1 F) s+ X3 m$ P. `
1785 K* \8 K1 c3 U" o1 W6 }
179 ( r6 f6 Q- Z4 W, V/ R1 F+ W5 K180 $ p# ?$ n% k2 g ^: }# q) K181 + _' N: f6 t4 o182 ' G7 {: V# d6 Y% [1 v; q n183 $ G0 O4 x2 R( u184( N/ P1 A/ Y, @9 |) z! v2 e8 ]6 C
185 4 O$ d9 v+ ? N- u! T4 C, `4 }5 Z186 9 p8 |5 n, }# b4 X187 " \: e& Q4 a; r1 C" m1 i( k188 ' I3 _6 n% o C1896 n: y# c: e: N: M! J! L
1902 V1 r6 ^3 C; u3 Q9 r$ b
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194 + A* e: v5 A+ y5 J- Z' U195 0 M& j* X$ V2 P/ i! Y/ X$ I, P196" ]9 k" s/ o# H: p w
197 * e0 l, x l1 R3 ?0 k4 e8 o198% G6 `. c1 t5 ]6 P! q3 I/ \
199 9 j4 j2 W1 q- W. @# I200" V* x. B2 y/ n) ?
201/ d8 S, w/ [1 G5 G
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208 , o* b* N3 I( W209 ; X1 }$ S$ k: A+ K! @( X% M210$ U& g: m8 R1 q3 R4 Y( h+ j
211 * L9 L( j, P- D$ _5 {* v212 - i6 Y2 ]( ]* a7 N5 I213; c9 G1 m- e4 m0 D. x/ @6 D
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219 . l4 j1 M7 f& h9 |220 8 w& S: D! t' n$ P( X221 % M0 N- N' u5 X: v. y222 7 w b0 @ [; F- M! ]4 n: _223; ?* K5 b5 N$ o
224- U8 T# x( _* i! g
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230 b+ r7 m$ M6 E6 i2312 p& g" W, t3 e2 r. G
2324 V' q$ i$ a/ I& D; E
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237 $ l% ` a) L6 b5 r2 v! Z' k238% @6 ~3 H; |$ Q; l D
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268 ; c+ w$ d% `. T0 C6 E269/ _ y1 g& u" c3 q0 O7 z+ N" s
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302$ i9 O! N& i7 X6 F$ K
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329 ) W4 ]4 C, v$ a, y- A. {330& ?( e( ?+ ?( h+ p+ J3 |
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342 * g- m5 X) d) G* I8 F343 - A& e# v: a; b3449 w2 @, G/ L5 f* D+ X6 C
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355 ( N0 Z. K5 _" W; [3560 _) }/ p' h, e
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363 ! N+ O4 b9 e M" Z3645 c5 H2 f. D5 P( a8 U) z5 `0 \9 D* B i
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1.字符串操作符& m! s% \4 U: ?, a3 Y) B: D
操作符 描述% }( N3 _7 I& L0 p4 \$ Z- X$ x
+ x+y,连接两个字符串x和y4 [( f( X+ V. l8 |
* x*n或n*x,复制n次字符串x 2 _! s8 o0 b, G- p/ A9 b( u5 O$ min x in s,如果x是s的字串,返回True,否则返回False ( G* K4 R, L) y& c* Z+ l2.字符串处理函数 7 M& O" e, m7 `1 d6 A函数 描述 * \4 J4 i Q; Q6 g3 \% slen(x) 返回字符串x的长度,也可返回其它组合数据类型元素的个数5 i' y' j2 N! q! A( O1 P
str(x) 返回任意类型x所对应的字符串形式 ) @" }1 d2 ~. g0 [0 F. Hchar(x) 返回Unicode编码x对应的单字符+ r( W, P# B/ B& r' Y! \
ord(x) 返回x表示的Unicode编码3 l6 } y. g2 n
hex(x) 返回整数x对应十六进制的小写形式字符串; g; ~& B& ~, r/ m1 |" r5 d
oct(x) 返回整数x对应八进制的小写形式字符串8 `$ j( X- j9 S# W
3.字符串处理方法* P, c f- E5 X9 h
方法 描述 9 {9 e; i/ _: k& m' Ns.lower() 字符串s全部转为小写 . @8 Y! P4 e( M' f6 Y( e9 Os.upper() 字符串s全部转为大写. T- l: j, T/ x9 k5 `5 _
s.split(sep=None) 返回一个列表,由s根据sep被分割的部分构成,省略sep默认以空格分割' O5 n: u3 V' O
s.count(sub) 返回字串sub出现的次数 * F3 _- C4 q$ G0 vs.replace(old, new) 返回字符串s的副本,所有old字串被替换为new ! g" x9 O% z" I; c3 A1 T4 F& fs.center(width, fillchar) 字符串居中函数,fillchar参数可选/ h+ v, U# q- g# Y2 D1 o7 w
s.strip(chars) 从字符串s中去掉咋其左侧和右侧chars中出现的字符8 D# r# `: p" Q* p0 q3 k1 d
s.join(iter) 将iter变量的每一个元素增加一个s字符串) }( P2 t% V, W6 [/ f
4.字符串的查询操作0 q: C3 i `3 `
方法名称 作用 ' b A1 C w# _; j, zindex() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 % R! W* Q! h/ ]7 S8 h Nrindex() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 1 k; Q T) ] J1 Q& K6 r2 I0 mfind() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1 - X1 v0 `" i/ b$ j7 x9 grfind() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1, K- g- B, _+ i8 b
'''8 Z8 k# B4 o8 r9 S
index()查找第一次出现的位置 抛异常 " G7 i+ I/ d, Q4 q2 Orindex()查找最后一次次出现的位置 抛异常 $ G4 o8 }3 v' E) u3 W( B3 M9 P2 z
find()查找第一次出现的位置 不抛异常,返回值为-1 ' w P. ^& y* y8 crfind()查找最后一次出现的位置 抛异常 7 m7 `& l! y8 L% L" D) R1 s' z' k''', f6 ]- l6 {7 G$ m' W
s = 'hello,hello'( Y6 O3 s1 a! k
print(s.index('o')) ! e+ d* r+ w3 u8 i. \print(s.rindex('o'))# T+ Q- [ C3 d) f% y( U4 E
print(s.find('lo')) 1 i# n+ I' O7 e1 f1 zprint(s.find('ui')) # -1% ^- |! h" `2 T, J: m# o/ j
1 & z# w7 K4 \& W, l2& Y! W* S# v' o' t4 K2 n
3 I. r* D& u1 z
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9 3 f3 `! M/ G* g, Y+ h( e" j; g10 % P. V; P2 G0 i+ W! Y1 a: N3 u11& |8 `3 f) }) ~4 s# V% W$ |
12 : [& B: e1 O! w! ~* z * ]# W# W; C- w' i: M$ d. X; b6 j; l' r0 ^
5.字符串大小写转换操作 3 l1 e. l- @' Z方法 作用 4 r* T/ _# q: k7 k- bupper() 把所有的字符串转换为大写字母 T* i. h. [5 y2 f8 e' O
lower() 把所有的字符串转换为小写字母 I7 N8 V% y# G$ J7 E
swapcase() 将大写字符转换为小写字符,将小写字符转换为大写字符。: ^4 ]6 g4 G5 a# }- R3 ~* j
capitalize() 使第一个字符为大写字母,其余字符为小写字母 6 v0 X. v }" Z; dtitle() 返回字符串的一个版本,其中每个单词都有标题。更具体地说,单词以大写字母开头,其余都以大写字母开头区分大小写的字符小写。9 d& \3 \( z& p' @) Y' o/ V" }5 o
# 字符串的大小写转换 s+ d; i3 i+ i& q/ w, {
# 1.upper()把字符串中的所有字符转为大写0 l! K( w& g6 ^, ?, b8 E: R
# 2.lower()把字符串中的所有字符都转换为小写- D2 Y, p2 E* e
# 3.swap case() 大转小,小转大 9 W$ M9 O$ a' g: `/ I# 4.capitalize()把第一个字符转为大写,其余字符转为小写 - y5 P2 Z& N8 Y% M, ^4 t `- |# 5.title()把字符串首字母转换为大写,把剩余的转换为小写) ?9 f+ x3 {4 k% F6 V) U; A! V