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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 
- X! }1 h3 K" B2 D% E# e9 z1 l/* display the gray scale */ ! M- l9 i2 C$ S3 q+ J3 Y
ht = getmaxy() / 16; u E# g3 P0 J
xmax = getmaxx();
& z0 Z, m* v' N3 Dy = 0;
! Y6 c! r. t2 J+ Hfor (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
9 B! @8 v# x I/ fsetfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
7 ]8 U0 F, O6 e; O4 o2 E7 Mbar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); ) r8 V1 e( r1 \6 [
y += ht;
: q/ Q+ ?( |' r+ v} 
" D3 p7 J! r8 t" L7 x# e4 q. q/* clean up */
8 N# b5 |% S+ q$ o, T2 Mgetch(); ) U1 H9 D0 I* b" [0 a( D' h- Y
closegraph(); 2 W- ^3 r0 N6 l, z
return 0; - R$ w% ~; k* A8 Q- b# u
}
* o- q+ k/ i6 _/ r% Q& R& W+ Y- {. L4 w
7 m3 N$ l+ P; h7 R5 N

5 l1 F# D/ t5 O& ]函数名: settextjustify 
3 ~. I- D5 U4 P' I7 @功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 : v, l$ G/ o: c! [5 }9 }: {, B
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); , R9 j1 R7 {+ E+ H0 X& P* T$ Y
程序例: V. l+ |% s4 r, Y$ g, Z
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
8 Z& Y" f! q) d7 a8 K v3 M#include <STDLIB.H>
, H9 Q- Y* m4 r9 U8 K- N1 }#include <STDIO.H>
6 M0 Q4 `: |8 O% S+ d- V#include <CONIO.H>
& I- O1 Q. ?, ~7 _ z8 m5 ~/* function prototype */
; P4 H6 N' }& o4 J' R. fvoid xat(int x, int y); 
 k1 z% S6 E" ~& s7 `5 d _/* horizontal text justification settings */
) q/ Z6 {9 `7 J1 W' W }* fchar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", : n2 x' g7 m" g4 X4 v) u
"CENTER_TEXT",
8 d. }4 f) j- i* f/ u2 v5 j4 r"RIGHT_TEXT"
2 z0 m0 K6 t! K( K# S, ?! g}; 2 i0 t' A; ^9 i! d; Z
/* vertical text justification settings */
2 z* c6 F8 e" P# xchar *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
5 y3 o: r- o1 E+ ~+ x"CENTER_TEXT", , {2 {9 k- A& ^$ i; B% }
"RIGHT_TEXT" ( D- }& P+ W0 R6 x" _
}; 
# ?) K) ?; b1 @! p6 u J. nint main(void) 6 @, X( C. v& R% A5 ]" T; h9 K
{
9 Y! C$ S# b' Y) w/* request auto detection */
& l1 y1 [& W$ Z7 wint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
/ w* ?. O# ^1 bint midx, midy, hj, vj; / c% m5 H9 i) ?( Y; u
char msg[80]; 
9 g4 b. ]9 x# ?5 @: J/* initialize graphics and local variables */
5 |- |. \) |" A7 A' Q5 q+ Pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # J& C3 U8 G) Z) g5 ^) ^
/* read result of initialization */
; z+ ^3 C' P- |8 Ferrorcode = graphresult();
) g# |+ J [6 N K' R, d% ^if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ; K/ m) H: r% a: K+ X
{
6 G$ }1 g5 Y; u2 W* ~printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); e, P5 x" h/ L6 K) [
printf("Press any key to halt:"); " ?3 c |- X2 H% Q h; E% K
getch(); 3 [4 y; u( y7 z3 G. n& B
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
& O9 U$ K9 g# _! _1 _} 
! [1 M1 g8 m3 gmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
! w" h$ m. u; h" O4 W9 Vmidy = getmaxy() / 2; ( z) [" L8 q& E0 I( \9 [
/* loop through text justifications */ ; w( d: g9 [% R% X; F( [: b' {! Q
for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
. S$ |- Y8 u- Nfor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) 4 L, o7 m6 g6 P3 C- R! A
{ . m% ^# c1 _1 v1 Q
cleardevice(); . F/ r$ u$ p# C/ G! D3 `
/* set the text justification */ 5 y+ n( M" P, B& z
settextjustify(hj, vj); 
( r) K# z' A! Z/ x0 i, \) ^0 C5 }/* create a message string */
6 V' t e) M) D6 j7 a$ {5 Nsprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 6 F9 S& |' e1 T: N
/* create cross hairs on the screen */
6 [- { e- t9 |7 g( Uxat(midx, midy); # L; f' f, F( H; z! ?4 ^" ]
/* output the message */ ' z1 `, j/ |% Q. j! u# m
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg);
, z4 q& N7 a3 U+ ]0 ]getch(); $ ]4 {, t0 J3 S2 I0 `/ H4 t
} 
8 z6 z9 j+ h8 k/* clean up */ 8 ~4 i# u1 s: m3 Y
closegraph();
0 U& {# \8 H" m0 Q7 Hreturn 0; . t* c- N4 J4 D e. f
} 
" T" L5 o0 v( @' _' I5 N. q/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
& ?4 t- t- d+ K% q+ E1 y. S+ ivoid xat(int x, int y) * d* m/ I$ P6 F1 R$ W q# t
{ 8 k( U$ y* S. k
line(x-4, y, x+4, y);
/ m# b) I8 u% T" qline(x, y-4, x, y+4);
$ _. t( r. @4 u} 0 Y6 }& b0 Y) f, G
2 q$ a% X2 N) ?1 J7 ^

" l1 G9 y% Y" i* Y W7 q函数名: settextstyle 
& I/ G1 D' b! S功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 / B# {& u$ `; ]# U; g
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
5 m/ F* v& F* y- M# E程序例: - S* I, p H! B2 m, m/ o6 k% h. D
#include <GRAPHICS.H> h/ ]/ s3 p+ @9 t
#include <STDLIB.H>
' U0 X. C% x& Q( u" M/ g6 G#include <STDIO.H>$ c q, \6 S l8 \# ^4 |; `+ r
#include <CONIO.H>
5 }% w& u/ z( |; a2 D/* the names of the text styles supported */ 8 o: u$ j" y0 s ?) y. B
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", % }7 b. r: ?) X* d. C( w
"TRIPLEX font", 6 m6 U* H( Q/ y" ~
"SMALL font",
) J2 F' F# R" N# D- K& H! z"SANS SERIF font",
% e" }) j. d* \0 l. c! ?7 M"GOTHIC font"
/ }8 X- B4 ^- @( I. ?}; 
 X4 s. t# B" k P( e9 mint main(void)
 p# K, L$ L* j; J2 `2 Z. S. [4 w{
1 O* K& j! Z# b8 e5 r0 h1 E2 {/* request auto detection */
) l* H- s, X c* V5 D7 ^* Q0 aint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' X& S$ ?0 d0 N) Y; r; U& X" M$ B
int style, midx, midy; & }& ^2 O' b, }- A
int size = 1; 
1 z4 D: G" b, i0 O( [7 t0 f% z/* initialize graphics and local variables */
0 i" E" Y! X& [4 k! }* q% ~, ?initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
3 l( {' j( q# b, {0 o3 y/* read result of initialization */ ; n; s' [- q; M1 E2 e) G
errorcode = graphresult(); / Z, R- T, i, [8 f. {/ M! y
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ " m! ^1 i! d) u. G5 o
{ % p9 |" d+ q8 e+ W
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ; ~, L+ F9 M3 q, s2 f$ K
printf("Press any key to halt:");
9 q& I6 P" x1 v9 @5 J) Zgetch();
' v3 ?2 t% U& N A" {$ s4 Dexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ / `5 p! o0 F' Y% [
} 
8 l+ U9 ~3 K; V3 y9 gmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
6 J& R5 I2 M4 e1 v4 V# I. Pmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
' J8 k7 O B8 @/ H6 o% \% osettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ) D( h, E3 d: J& n, ~# }# U
/* loop through the available text styles */ 1 F) A% l# k+ E0 n. x. P. U0 E
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) 9 M5 }6 R h9 O& p
{
% ]$ U& p& k- D) z2 Mcleardevice();
" {: D4 d1 s- I. ^2 vif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
6 U9 x+ h2 ?3 Q: _5 E5 Ksize = 4; # J5 r8 {2 q$ i+ P8 C2 D- P
/* select the text style */
+ g: n+ N* s# ]+ \& `settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 0 z" a" T4 w; H( H1 }
/* output a message */ 8 L1 z) k! w$ E
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 2 L9 A& f" N$ M3 L I
getch(); 9 B+ u+ R$ `' \) M
} - s7 g9 Q6 ]0 d
/* clean up */ ' X! j" ^; p! O0 F
closegraph(); ( ~3 ?6 ~) a+ ~; X! R, P1 B
return 0; # `0 V1 V S2 q% F. I- }7 Z5 D
}
 t. I* I& d& ]5 @7 Z6 |0 r1 ~0 M1 r9 d3 V! y A6 ^7 f0 o! H8 Q+ b

7 b$ ^1 W; @0 m函数名: settextstyle 
% z- I$ m7 i1 H功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
' Z% O" w2 C9 k) y& N8 i/ T用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
8 X: g5 ?2 C* F7 I程序例: 
) o* Q6 ^' t6 X/ W. d; |+ V#include <GRAPHICS.H>, F& G) O0 w5 u* J, K
#include <STDLIB.H>
4 B( ~% a- H: e. a" y3 }: B( o#include <STDIO.H>
$ G* `/ [# a- w#include <CONIO.H>
& O+ v9 O) h/ ?9 h. H1 }/* the names of the text styles supported */
+ p8 v2 A9 m. t& i" G) T7 `: kchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
' E. c# N2 l1 C1 E1 S# c, p"TRIPLEX font", M7 c9 K( n$ a# L4 X0 A: [ o; E/ R
"SMALL font", 3 t2 u1 m# I! F# b: M7 c e7 a/ l% _
"SANS SERIF font",
) A# }8 ~. C: `' M9 V! Z"GOTHIC font" # V/ R& o" e& h
}; 
& g+ S% i: U9 n# |' ~int main(void)
) z* ~3 g! S5 F% y+ q/ H5 R% J& ~{
' E! K8 u# Q- \2 u/* request auto detection */ # p! I% u9 K' A4 d( Z9 r
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; * X: r. I P7 o
int style, midx, midy; % j f( r. k5 f" |/ ~; n
int size = 1; 
- }) t0 `; y8 T& [5 e$ d- K/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 1 N, Z3 [9 h5 y1 P) S* Q. ?
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 B6 Q! r% M( ^) X
/* read result of initialization */ 5 C# g5 y1 M Y3 x! T
errorcode = graphresult();
- i5 T4 x- z$ v9 v1 ]$ O$ aif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
- |4 A5 y8 v0 U" v{ 9 l) B, j6 N/ H/ g, I$ K' a
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
* @6 b3 x% C8 @+ N) o/ x5 kprintf("Press any key to halt:");
# i8 W' r" n- I, ogetch();
9 D2 p' d% O8 O, U7 ^exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ # e$ s2 C( y+ A+ J# }5 o
} / _. x7 g! B5 N$ ~8 _" a/ H" b
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
, `& L6 U p/ o0 }7 cmidy = getmaxy() / 2; ) T1 l2 T, A0 u8 u
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); . H3 g) ?& ~$ Z9 U( r
/* loop through the available text styles */
4 l' k4 g$ l! }+ |for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) ( N5 k, ^' O7 ], J8 D8 m
{ # D9 I- z8 D. \9 b, r5 K# t. J
cleardevice();
 ?1 v9 z( h! J6 c) V- ~if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 5 o4 s5 V; w P* f* }9 _ s
size = 4; 
) M3 c3 \! K8 S1 k/* select the text style */ ! |' Q, k4 S! B* ]) A( S9 z$ O
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
 c8 a5 O* V" s" H/* output a message */
7 m. w ^! u1 v0 o5 d2 \- iouttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); # r2 N. Q$ }6 C
getch();
- u U* {& s' b z} 
+ w! w( y0 w, n& e/* clean up */ % e7 B: {* y& L
closegraph();
' i8 S4 }! F# kreturn 0;
5 ?) v6 p6 c7 ^" T/ ?7 e; L! b! H} 9 c6 X0 q; ] d! S ?/ j- U
0 } U5 e8 M/ Q! }( \% E* a

& k p- ?7 D! I! V% E9 o3 s函数名: settime $ P. P6 a9 [+ U( W1 T' ?) y
功能: 设置系统时间 : Q: f4 w. [+ u. K' f0 u9 N' e
用法: void settime(struct time *timep);
. e* H/ Y) \3 n1 } r! l程序例: 
) q0 P- r( M9 H9 h/ I) Q/ ^#include <STDIO.H>8 n" Z! r1 e( l; f( C9 i' P
#include <DOS.H>
6 q1 H; _6 y$ l( {; j* aint main(void) 3 g0 e" e' P! |
{ ! f, {$ |' g" n. f6 D/ |5 c/ u) ]
struct time t; 
& L: ]2 j" D; g% v( o Sgettime(&t);
5 c) R* k& B' }printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
7 j; c6 L6 E; W) B* c% m( [- k+ mprintf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
+ g0 a- Z7 f% V# C6 @3 |printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); . E! r1 {& l0 b4 \
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); % f: ^: a* ~3 H, U5 [$ K& k& o
/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */ 6 S' z8 x! }* Z6 ?( F& a+ y
t.ti_min++; 9 W& M" B- u6 K. o1 v
settime(&t); 
, W, z8 O+ G' M9 ]3 Ireturn 0;
, L. J9 `8 P5 G6 |. |' o' }" t4 \} 
2 z* H6 C4 m% Z; }, M7 h
9 D! @# q3 m) h% x% E
 }/ F! J" b m+ J. M函数名: setusercharsize 
/ a' R# V1 u% w% i) Y' ]功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
9 \# N7 V" Y" N6 N' J用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry);
3 Y! [/ F, i/ [5 ]7 S程序例: / @) G4 y" O. L h. ]
#include <GRAPHICS.H>; y5 m. }. H5 [: o
#include <STDLIB.H>* E; ^" f0 D8 N y# b2 U1 Q: _
#include <STDIO.H>
+ F) ]" D* j8 Q8 F7 I5 d2 K#include <CONIO.H>
! y: k" }1 ^2 }% @4 V9 p/ vint main(void)
+ M' A6 A" T. V: @3 V# a% N- c1 k, H{ 9 m+ ] Q7 b( |% c& s0 k4 K
/* request autodetection */ ) N9 |& c2 Q& U9 d
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 4 u2 f- F, }& I# M; [2 V' y# M% g
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 3 |3 X& H# @# P) v$ v2 C! h
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # z$ o9 L, M; Z! B; x4 _
/* read result of initialization */ + u( d& g, h0 f$ k, D; X
errorcode = graphresult();
8 Z8 B' y% |- L! mif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
$ A& |; P, w& K8 @{ + k* F) u/ I4 l
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 0 F# m5 g* ~8 n; Q. h8 v+ q
printf("Press any key to halt:");
9 G. d* ?: Y' S) N2 ?getch(); " S5 B; {! O4 C' }- T6 r5 e
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ! X1 P! I1 P4 U1 f! y
} 
+ J3 U9 z# d5 E& F/* select a text style */
$ ?5 ]* b& k% v) M% C) Nsettextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
/ { R1 c( C8 N' B- n/* move to the text starting position */ ! }6 N9 [+ r* `4 q8 V, I4 }6 w
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 
, q5 r$ W2 {: n' M: O$ D/* output some normal text */ , x8 p4 u# ^& K/ `6 q2 T1 k4 b
outtext("Norm "); 
0 ?- m, A3 ]7 b: t% J7 U/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */ + J4 G- T0 Q3 p, T3 [: `
setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); ! U7 @$ Y6 I) `0 g( R3 F
outtext("Short "); 
: E; i" k& j2 x! Y0 Y5 Q7 [; k/* make the text 3 times normal width */ ; ]; G: Y* j9 @4 Y: I
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1); # s' {0 a1 ~! }# V7 {' Z3 F
outtext("Wide"); # n: s$ n9 A& H* z% M* s! d- @ ~
/* clean up */
 i: ], J9 `6 U$ Jgetch(); 7 e) p/ x+ R7 v: M; z: `, Z
closegraph(); # j# s& V" e; E: v* e
return 0; + Z5 ^" M- l) u& C6 t
} 1 h5 K7 m* D' L& ]6 D. C6 _+ |

# u- K! \! g' o1 H% g" q函数名: setvbuf 3 r, K0 K! t! k+ D, r9 v% R- b
功能: 把缓冲区与流相关 * j6 p9 M M+ N7 A6 S5 f
用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); % Q$ N5 S" ]. _: }; u* M5 c' c& F6 ?
程序例: 
% E2 t. u* t' c, c( [6 ]0 I" }. l#include <STDIO.H>
2 q5 X% Z5 z# `+ h3 e% Qint main(void) 1 k1 L8 i: h$ U+ a2 I& n
{ " i- n" R! Q$ p z4 J( a
FILE *input, *output;
, X- C8 J, C" z5 Q9 ^char bufr[512]; 
0 r8 n$ X$ u6 H) Q/ T% m1 ^input = fopen("file.in", "r+b"); : A% B" f; C9 J) k5 z. p6 v
output = fopen("file.out", "w"); + B- p' o* X5 s2 v1 K
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
7 V3 x$ r5 ]7 x; p6 I/ C6 ^2 v& wusing our own character buffer */ . m" R6 P* k; X. g; D% w0 h
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
6 W4 ]- [" M& i) [' k/ dprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n"); 0 y& Z2 O- n" s' j ~3 U( M
else
8 p, O( @ x9 Q9 Eprintf("buffer set up for input file\n"); ! w4 U* C7 W) D2 d5 a" G6 j
/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that I K) U) f. r
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */ 9 r: I, g$ R" ? S: o( s
if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0)
, r w- O9 v% q& ]6 vprintf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n");
) H( p* c( Q" qelse 5 _: s h0 x5 z" U% s
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 
4 n y" j" n9 e/* perform file I/O here */ 8 f* c) v9 b) `' s- q- m* T# v# V* Q
/* close files */ $ |- n4 G! W J- u0 R/ v; z
fclose(input); 3 }4 E( Q& V2 o2 A# M# L) W
fclose(output);
8 p8 T, C3 D! `1 t; @return 0; 2 J1 D* e+ m) b/ t
}
: p- N( Y( C9 V
4 i: C/ h, X0 S* U, a/ O$ S
# v1 c1 ^0 G% ^" H: B/ A+ E+ `, T0 q: n* q" [$ p6 n% r$ H7 _
函数名: setvect 
6 D% a2 w- @0 c3 M/ F2 r功能: 设置中断矢量入口 : y- y( ? y1 m: H0 y' V
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)()); 7 u; \2 ?6 s1 ^3 m0 [
程序例: 
: G$ b1 t' h& S$ Y/***NOTE: 2 e# Y/ P4 K: _7 I2 H6 F
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this _# E- J( p7 S/ i) _
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable / \# L. z' K6 e+ W: K9 m) o2 z
file which will operate correctly. */ 
2 G. `' o$ I, U3 `+ [3 C( `#include <STDIO.H>% o# z+ E V V! m
#include <DOS.H>1 a) f2 ?& L, O/ }" R+ Z$ r% R
#include <CONIO.H>
$ W) Y- p4 Q& W1 t- s8 Q% k#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 3 y. S( P c) u! g
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 6 a) W( B. X0 t+ {+ H$ n
int count=0; 
: V3 Z; V3 w% Xvoid interrupt handler(void)
- w, ~" V; d! q7 ~- _: \{ 5 R3 Q4 C- z$ @# L1 |" Q$ e
/* increase the global counter */
5 I/ X) H* @5 V( Q, j$ h1 P& R8 Gcount++; 9 \& P$ ?8 e( q
/* call the old routine */ 6 q, \' P5 r+ R4 A
oldhandler(); f) f1 ?# [$ U! @+ @' Y3 I" ~
} ; ~" c& r0 U/ J$ B9 D
int main(void)
/ n3 V" Y0 d2 I4 S/ |9 y& ]{ 8 x. Y- X P7 W W
/* save the old interrupt vector */ $ Y6 u2 N# Z* V+ N
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 5 H7 [9 {) q$ ?$ W
/* install the new interrupt handler */
8 q9 g& _ X$ X4 _setvect(INTR, handler); & f5 a2 \# b" t' ]5 t
/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */ 0 j, B" g$ I7 {, r: S
while (count < 20)
6 E% ^$ L, W' j9 Oprintf("count is %d\n",count); ) Q) }% w0 u y
/* reset the old interrupt handler */
 Y K0 P! i, z; {setvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
) L3 b2 b/ \$ Z7 {. R, `return 0; 9 P* Q( v$ P a* @2 j/ [
}
9 o5 y" R# g/ q! D1 k0 C x: X' d& n0 M

1 n+ P' r E% U% \函数名: setverify 
5 V# V4 C8 D, j- a$ J, H功能: 设置验证状态 , A% C; `4 S4 I- T
用法: void setverify(int value);
2 p, M O1 q6 F7 W" D程序例: 
6 B7 Q' V: q$ P. M; Z' d3 l T#include <STDIO.H>
, g: \* ?. v2 T8 \" h0 v#include <CONIO.H>" m) u# |! t) R
#include <DOS.H>
, o, W0 Q: X. Q; Oint main(void) 9 u% L& G+ H3 c R1 n
{ . m7 Q- L7 B/ v) p3 V
int verify_flag; # t3 _1 B( A3 a6 \4 G
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n"); 6 f7 K0 r. L" a/ G0 P% z
printf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 5 R4 p. N) r+ p0 O0 e
verify_flag = getch() - 0; ! w# W* N5 U8 h* K( z
setverify(verify_flag); " s# v4 Q! }+ Z- K6 T7 W
if (getverify()) 3 b7 c( a1 i7 F( X* M
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
% T7 i3 l! R% Nelse
4 c4 P5 J7 ^2 E% o) ]$ Iprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
+ \; G6 \: H4 n& H' X n0 Hreturn 0;
& u/ {' P6 l3 u/ @2 Z9 a _}
" s" ]: W6 r5 ]! ?, [) A4 D
6 ~( e. z7 P& d
2 B3 i& U* g+ P9 b$ o5 c) r函数名: setviewport + x+ g! f, e" c p
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 3 f3 G* s1 E5 X0 _- B3 h
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right, # h' ]! |: m8 n9 Q/ J( l
int bottom, int clipflag);
/ @, s) c7 O2 {' K8 v" E+ O2 E7 @程序例: 6 _4 ], K1 H# @- `- |8 Y
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
, j' n1 A% V: r* Q. B#include <STDLIB.H>+ [* V. g/ w9 y( f' ]- b
#include <STDIO.H>
: H( N/ P6 ?& k4 q' \7 O#include <CONIO.H>
& O8 A3 m2 s1 k8 |) i+ n( b+ ~. N#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
8 E" A& }6 K7 p) v. \6 Aint main(void)
+ S; N( U+ U% H2 t{ + b, ^3 @) n9 H. e# D" i& e
/* request auto detection */
) V2 J! U4 @" w3 Q& @. {7 {4 a/ Jint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
2 @3 P+ g- N% S9 B' o t& w4 B. J& h/* initialize graphics and local variables */
: x* g, f6 _& x9 |- B pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ! ?. f, B) N( o$ V- n& u. ~7 a4 I
/* read result of initialization */
; ]6 B: N. s! q' D' Nerrorcode = graphresult(); ) T) O6 T3 K) K, D( o9 c1 q# x7 j
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
" u" E4 V: f( I: F1 B; A2 H5 e0 r{ & a6 C% m4 j& a/ v7 k
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
( _ v7 ^9 |' r! S6 Uprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 4 H% h) }7 s/ [6 @3 @
getch(); 6 a# X, u I% x6 o% I- M
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 6 g _; R: B0 k% P3 |1 s
} 
" }8 T& q6 g8 M4 [9 ]9 ?setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
2 g( r4 R" ~! @/* message in default full-screen viewport */ ' h1 i9 H* v" w3 T+ [& q* {' g) _
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 6 U! J, {& E3 P" k2 z1 s
/* create a smaller viewport */ # g+ q4 G; v5 p5 \
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
$ E' U8 i) a% G/* display some text */
6 y" A+ W( r, I/ i! Eouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 
; f% A$ y- D1 Z1 W' X* J3 j/* clean up */
3 V6 h5 F2 M @2 @7 Y. A4 Egetch();
7 W' X( Z3 D2 C d% P2 w- Uclosegraph(); 9 |( s1 d! Y% Y$ t4 z
return 0; . R; {5 y) ]$ P% h5 n
}
4 p6 w; L8 G& T% S+ S8 B+ U3 B+ q) N7 m5 Q2 F2 ^

) h* U8 w0 W* X. v5 q. R5 o函数名: setvisualpage 
* \' L; e5 M `; `1 f3 H功能: 设置可见图形页号
& O1 J9 F' ?4 c: u4 C, j用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum);
7 r. i8 C+ z3 _程序例: 
2 }; d R$ J; d- n7 b4 `$ ]5 \#include <GRAPHICS.H>
6 ^/ R% Y$ C4 m0 L6 z6 N#include <STDLIB.H>; _! w3 s1 G$ W
#include <STDIO.H>
. @ X, r" S0 E+ N1 H: X$ f#include <CONIO.H>2 ?; X3 _# E& V# i! Z
int main(void) ! G. q1 @- V3 ^ @8 |8 V
{
( B( ]. @! z! k1 f- G$ ~5 x0 ^/* select a driver and mode that supports */ ' R- h, L- v6 m+ n& N1 o9 l
/* multiple pages. */
+ S8 ]" j4 [$ N% q R5 Jint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
 t/ L3 v" ?! A" s- Kint x, y, ht; - K% P, J, W0 S7 j a7 D" `
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
 o& t8 T' H" g4 Binitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 A" q( Q* t7 f. c+ ]$ e. X
/* read result of initialization */
) c2 i1 N9 x @5 ^. }errorcode = graphresult();
/ l( X" N. u5 T) F+ h7 dif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ + Z1 Y# ]9 R0 q8 z: w
{
; R7 y, n$ p& Fprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ' e1 W7 R5 j; O1 k- A- q" s
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 6 {* E4 p4 P+ K. `# ]/ _+ H
getch(); 2 B9 |3 T, \5 V% _0 m" O
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
, m& ?7 w; Z1 z5 b2 V9 }} 
5 O. X' d, Z4 a0 Rx = getmaxx() / 2; 9 L3 r' c9 p0 Y7 E) R
y = getmaxy() / 2;
# w$ @* m5 _4 I V$ I0 s$ k9 \* kht = textheight("W"); 8 S& k; C% i5 v! z9 U" f& m, y# F
/* select the off screen page for drawing */ , N0 d, \2 y! v4 {# `" y
setactivepage(1); 
* p/ k$ ~ L: k* ^4 h' Y/* draw a line on page #1 */ * h1 t! n5 J) l7 J; ]0 G* m: o# ^
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
* e7 ?8 N' H+ W+ e& E2 M3 h/* output a message on page #1 */
$ n$ T6 n: e F$ p0 X' W* Nsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ! E# } v+ Q# h8 Y$ w
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
1 `/ i6 z! Y" Zouttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
3 @) J! j1 Q- }& W8 e/ B/* select drawing to page #0 */
! S8 N/ X0 W! Z8 f5 v3 Esetactivepage(0); , ]$ G4 P; \% I7 H; }
/* output a message on page #0 */
: `3 P! u- M& u& `outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); ) I. W S& M( _; n3 U. A
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); ) T$ ?. b/ `+ y v5 E) v6 ?
getch(); 3 W2 K/ d, T; P, d- [0 Q+ Z7 q$ J( A/ U
/* select page #1 as the visible page */ * I" k9 a; ]6 c( v. e
setvisualpage(1); 7 f# F/ r) U1 X4 R# h$ B6 U
/* clean up */
1 M( B) p7 e/ ?! Dgetch(); 3 n6 g1 o) _3 L! X6 i7 P
closegraph();
7 _% v/ q5 w/ I [& F: Mreturn 0;
- u2 F3 \3 Q# u& I" h* y! l. K} ' Y. r+ ?% j2 W; n9 L

$ M; w0 |0 M8 m5 G# E* W0 U! V& L1 K3 h+ z6 }* r
函数名: setwritemode 8 E3 q* ]9 I+ e9 x6 @
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式
0 y( ^/ V4 ^$ D7 w, ^用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); ; F0 \' `5 R$ h
程序例: 
9 B T: d: @2 c4 E#include <GRAPHICS.H>
( V# s' V' |6 B- c7 D9 u#include <STDLIB.H>5 C( S; a: v1 T) _5 B8 t: Q( |1 G
#include <STDIO.H>
5 i! P; ^! k! @% o5 x) B- D& g- H#include <CONIO.H>
( q d j4 ~( o" A% a% _9 Lint main()
: |( g9 E, O/ Z$ w; p{ $ P: k: z" U6 @; U' N( w+ d. N
/* request auto detection */
# H8 d1 S* e" @+ U+ q) eint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
' `; U/ D+ {. y Kint xmax, ymax; ; B3 X; M E& I2 g4 E
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" a; }# b$ P) c. ?initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
+ W$ f! l0 f! ~ W! j0 s# F/* read result of initialization */
9 L% B1 b: H0 m% ?/ Eerrorcode = graphresult(); + M& h$ @( B! h( ~8 A6 v
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 4 r. D0 f# O9 Y
{
) L7 F- Y3 P7 O: B0 Kprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
7 c& [ C7 Z X" C9 G$ e% Z$ Cprintf("Press any key to halt:"); $ b0 Z' v& F; B
getch();
$ n. g+ u ] {2 pexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 9 w2 u1 Y. a( H" R9 u5 U4 S
} 
( W2 K P+ E3 n; e3 rxmax = getmaxx(); ' t/ }/ G6 j- K. Z" M
ymax = getmaxy(); 3 W. |6 `+ s+ ^
/* select XOR drawing mode */
( Y1 I8 P/ C5 i+ vsetwritemode(XOR_PUT); 
6 U$ L" |2 @5 }: w( U/* draw a line */
% s$ e3 I+ o9 k. {4 y6 I, ^line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 0 m8 t% i5 f$ y; [* ~( ?# | [ C
getch(); 3 [' f6 \ c5 T% z) y
/* erase the line by drawing over it */
; \6 l5 A( C+ y; D8 H5 F% ~; D' |4 hline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 7 b8 ?& b; L3 a& @: `* a5 C
getch(); 
0 o- p6 c0 }- b, V$ O, u$ X( e/* select overwrite drawing mode */
- t$ G" P! S% Osetwritemode(COPY_PUT); 3 F- Z2 R$ l; X& ~8 }+ Q
/* draw a line */
. v8 r4 Y* \0 q* K( \line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 
# q9 @! H3 d! X* C; J4 s) I/* clean up */ ' J7 _; `2 n# }1 N7 h1 y
getch(); # Y3 |) r% s& m1 m$ ^8 j' U3 { l y
closegraph(); * i# p/ f' `. f* S4 A7 K
return 0; R$ `: S* ^# N4 h4 P
}
- R. S- c6 }3 N' l/ P8 Y+ n5 a" s1 o5 O; s1 x
: D" T- ^) m m& }5 }& [4 T2 a2 M7 h
函数名: signal
. D' U& N1 P$ L) A功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作
1 m2 \+ [ v) J用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
0 y! ]: k/ i/ t3 v: ~: B8 k; F程序例: 
1 H) W0 ~7 l" y/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE, 9 C$ |: @ k* r( V3 F2 R3 i% z' Z" C
catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment " E \, @/ \% |
to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause * J$ I. q) ^ |$ Q
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
8 n- `& o0 x* U5 [! Kdepending on which memory model is used. 3 C' \1 A3 |5 V4 N8 \. e
*/ , n5 |# p- q. M- c
#pragma inline 0 u& L* {, f6 P& d6 Q! ?4 g
#include <STDIO.H>
- J! w# y/ ^2 a/ S) N1 p# ^#include <SIGNAL.H>/ s( g! L9 S% U& C# b- { N* I( v
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
' d6 q6 t9 r' g; u% t: P s{ ( ~5 l( q; {- a4 Y1 j
printf("Caught it!\n");
7 ^6 ]) Z& k0 S9 y! g/ K*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */
* c: j% E! R# |) A2 m} 3 I% K+ G! Q5 Q
int main(void)
+ F) M+ W4 @9 B1 S; J. u/ O* B6 V{
8 z! f1 D6 J0 o. T; G7 Psignal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
4 v) K6 J x, f9 R. b& a! oasm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
1 P4 f3 F4 \: P( casm inc ax /* cause overflow */
! Y0 Q1 `/ j' V$ s) Y9 Uasm into /* activate handler */ ' h* B- a2 Y3 s: `' T8 V
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened,
$ _' e% g3 F, B( vthere would have been another exception when the next 'into'
5 |5 ~2 J* u4 j' u: I6 _: v0 c9 dwas executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ ( t- L/ ^: d: J* M/ x+ F& z
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */ ' n; g! K6 ]' s5 Q O
asm into /* doesn't activate */
3 @9 A2 \$ q# m" M+ D; I/ I% b- Wreturn 0; ) F! _$ f: ]( c2 `# o; |% o
} # @; v: S: l4 s6 q! U0 l
9 @6 j$ J+ x! d# R9 }6 C6 F
0 z4 t) k! G6 N) O

( o5 T' U3 ?/ `6 w o8 m2 V函数名: sin , m1 c3 X/ \& F! ?6 Z$ m
功能: 正弦函数 : R' U( k6 l: F* L$ L/ }! B# w
用法: double sin(double x);
4 @4 L! X4 Q A& f" }/ y程序例: h7 b! f' \2 e
#include <STDIO.H>
8 u; o. p. h5 O; ?. o#include <MATH.H>
1 |$ Y, W7 c& @% V3 m% S' Sint main(void)
* T/ [" Q+ C# H% X1 y. M& W{ 3 S7 o0 A' v4 r5 O8 o
double result, x = 0.5; 
9 U: s9 h* _) o0 K9 Mresult = sin(x); 9 y9 D, l$ c5 y% Q6 Y1 @2 `
printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
5 E" B9 z2 ^) G1 u$ e7 ^return 0;
2 k0 Z3 h5 X& R2 B}
% {" s8 M7 H* b' z. r, l& `
3 k4 i9 d L# Z6 x4 n% i, j; U" {; l) W0 Q& V% f- m# U) f
函数名: sinh 
# p O) N4 J; b5 O1 k% i+ d功能: 双曲正弦函数 ) _! Y9 j9 h8 m$ X* G0 k+ P8 O
用法: double sinh(double x); . }) U) r P4 }4 }9 \
程序例: * b2 P- I( T- S( F
#include <STDIO.H>, {; z! ?$ D6 j4 B6 J( E) j
#include <MATH.H>- E: g( u! w( Z1 @( T/ p0 w, x
int main(void)
9 v/ Y/ V" r# W" K7 ^8 b- g: `0 T{
/ N, r& x# Z* c. s& q! Hdouble result, x = 0.5; 0 b7 v* L Y2 N9 }! _; t' u% T& ~; ], R
result = sinh(x); " `* ~$ {3 U( I- k: Z$ \
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
1 y# x3 T9 {6 ~& u! U7 B/ l4 treturn 0; ! I" `! N$ S6 t, n9 J. P
}
( B3 _$ l1 ^/ I/ B3 q
4 R! Y! g+ P3 q2 `
/ v, \& y' X! e, B8 r3 R) e- a! U" C. D! d: \# r
函数名: sleep # @- j* w: h' U$ \# H4 i+ U
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 " `" ~6 |' e( n+ @, k
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
1 P' v9 Q- V, Z3 [6 J; U程序例: 
$ {- g5 w, k% S, l#include <DOS.H>! B) R1 _. m1 d2 a
#include <STDIO.H>6 {& h0 `1 }. [9 v |& e
int main(void) 5 Q9 |& V. ?8 s4 z' o! X
{
- x" P V2 I* M& v P2 V2 B. Sint i; 
+ E P1 V' i7 G2 ~for (i=1; i<5; i++) 5 k/ \6 h6 c+ U! g8 C. {# J+ U3 s0 t
{ / r9 L; y; X H0 n2 F2 Y! ^1 J1 }( X
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); 5 e3 u! `& C1 q4 g- O
sleep(i);
- P3 u* D X0 q/ E. v) D}
5 G8 Q3 x7 Y! L8 f6 z5 ^return 0; . f: z1 @8 T7 g
}
; G- ~' E9 |8 Y5 k* E: W7 |: I8 u
8 ^ _) H% Q) s

. B: l X9 h8 r2 v4 o函数名: sopen 
& N) E$ @" L0 R: A$ ]: W功能: 打开一共享文件 . [+ q1 I: d5 y- k0 U7 I
用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
& _6 M& g, [9 q程序例: . w* M2 `6 ~8 c
#include <IO.H>' o/ J$ o, ^% ?: k' Y; j
#include <FCNTL.H>6 F7 a/ S: d( _5 {1 @& w( Y& v, n
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
" \! i6 h# d; x: y& W#include <PROCESS.H>
; j M6 n3 Z% j, h& H#include <SHARE.H>6 K/ o Z& ?# b4 I# F
#include <STDIO.H>
* g+ K) Y6 l5 B8 y8 Vint main(void) ! k% f2 U/ P9 K# Q8 t7 `1 n5 L9 q
{ 4 F2 y9 o+ h9 c8 B: P
int handle;
% T# N9 d( y/ C/ z3 d7 m: a5 ` kint status; : ^7 }# D; R7 \
handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); ) }9 T0 G; h* O
if (!handle) # C; B* `( ^% n# e
{
) c. R, \" @8 ^6 [printf("sopen failed\n");
7 R5 X6 x# u1 x" f) _$ X6 `/ jexit(1);
; \- p) O" S6 [4 I0 J" @) l% Z} 
. R5 j- g2 d9 Q6 b/ Mstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
5 x5 ?& n/ | k5 Q. y) kif (status == 0)
% K, C3 v# S7 f* F* O( Aprintf("read/write access allowed\n");
/ j- K; p* n; p( c, z1 M+ {' selse 9 I4 \" H9 m0 l; a: a
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); ! G/ D# d( j- M$ m, Q9 V
close(handle);
3 o. {* ^5 X2 m; Y t- L* Wreturn 0;
 y o# P: O m}
- h9 r4 @2 Y, W, f) C2 G) |! h2 t
3 |0 r: ~% P. ~- W5 [* z
) M4 a% Z* N* }/ y) V8 D7 X
" |: V, N) N2 g% H$ l" Y函数名: sound 
* u. Y9 C) N3 ]9 L; w [% ~, l功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
: b! J5 {+ r5 ?. z用法: void sound(unsigned frequency); 5 U& n7 r$ \, R5 V* e
程序例: 
7 y+ K6 D$ t# J) w- D# }& _/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. * O) s: Y9 X; a5 X( ` W
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ : d/ E, P9 w$ {* }6 g" q; r
#include <DOS.H>( k) y# K6 I% a4 U6 F3 i" D% B1 F/ T
int main(void) ; t( E2 a* s5 k* j) x: [
{
; Z6 z- L8 b2 @: ]sound(7);
! `6 u8 D2 U# x; J6 H9 g$ ndelay(10000);
1 K1 z" p$ H8 s( K% Anosound(); / w3 ], ]- j @' E* h
return 0;
1 Y( x& @8 f7 Q6 j/ ?2 {} 
, `4 F$ B, S G$ Y, s& P3 W b' B; P

% R' {. \& B* F: a
7 h8 B* U) }- c0 f1 _& L+ a函数名: spawnl 
 e1 I- K3 ]: W$ f. i功能: 创建并运行子程序 ; f( f* L; h$ ]# A: D
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, . X( M) E, x: L2 n; i* C# B2 f$ }
arg1, ... argn, NULL); 1 N" V! }" {4 b9 b: u& m
程序例: 
' H8 b& E, N4 T0 o& O" j5 M4 k#include <PROCESS.H>$ D" g. Z7 ^! s) H8 E
#include <STDIO.H>* d& u3 v. Z# g# Y( c) a
#include <CONIO.H>
& I. }: N2 d4 dint main(void) 0 i: k# \) x: R# b9 W( u
{
, E- U; N$ F* s: M1 V9 u _0 hint result; 1 E1 Q* f/ F- Z4 \
clrscr(); & \* I) F B. f, g6 R$ v
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); ; V- w7 W6 {' o
if (result == -1) 1 W5 Z4 g/ z8 E+ a% I( j p' M
{
6 j; |- Q, p8 B, l4 E4 ^perror("Error from spawnl");
: N3 @/ L2 ?" Y/ A2 c `& Z0 [exit(1); # ^2 K# Z: ]# B, M. m9 i
}
! F7 G4 q+ x g. jreturn 0;
1 N$ y5 j; p Y0 C. A3 _% u} " N5 u1 [& o9 h
' [+ l5 h* `& T0 P/ `$ C
# J) I( o. D9 ]5 B5 S
函数名: spawnle # T/ H. I8 y4 }/ v0 U
功能: 创建并运行子程序
. M$ D) h4 g- h& f1 m3 Z- [用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
$ u9 E2 i M( B& K5 Z/ h5 warg1,..., argn, NULL);
" c* f% i6 a6 f) k程序例: 8 o0 l1 Q& [$ B" ?/ q+ ]8 U# s. O
/* spawnle() example */ 
0 @) ^+ u1 \1 W3 M#include <PROCESS.H>
- _ Z, V& o8 @' {3 [ F#include <STDIO.H>. F6 ^' N3 C$ K3 C# P
#include <CONIO.H>
7 o- n/ g% W! @/ jint main(void)
, T! |6 G& `. {6 C J{ 2 h8 y; H0 I8 ?) Z3 p* I( I
int result; 
% B: a* a( y Y% j( tclrscr(); % p$ l+ `7 V; o+ H( b p/ P
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL);
2 X! |2 K4 `* M; cif (result == -1)
4 L& \, ?8 \) h2 A, D% D{ . i& \, v- ^% b4 C; C
perror("Error from spawnle");
% O7 g, i' t9 a( mexit(1);
( @4 B$ K0 Z z, p0 j/ l}
/ w/ J. P; g+ D+ W( Greturn 0; 3 W6 D# h3 P6 ?2 P$ L
} ' g1 T2 k, q, s, ~
5 |+ q% s, U) v! c# I/ f9 ^9 |: P

0 d" r$ ]6 Z% h# ^. o
# X/ ~3 b; Z2 R; R7 d8 t; ^2 O函数名: sprintf " \2 p7 A: e; V0 V$ a3 y% S5 n+ D
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中
9 p4 V! J$ a/ l: u; b( y用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); 3 h! G% h0 A3 R
程序例: 
) \. L. r* `, n#include <STDIO.H>
# p1 Q% T C; O+ C6 Y#include <MATH.H>
5 Q2 |' u- X; u/ W8 K1 M& Pint main(void)
* b/ E: c0 V7 L6 r6 a{
4 T: i# Q. T) \. Z$ tchar buffer[80]; / g/ F3 y+ d- m4 k6 J" r
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
; \8 w) h/ x0 E$ k: H. [puts(buffer);
, w# _! g9 E b; j: O7 E6 X! e- ireturn 0; " H8 U; Z) r( _, N' T
}
1 Z4 C, R6 C3 {$ F2 J: r$ w
% }+ Y# ^" k, F: j: Q8 {
: C" @' r1 Y# Z* @5 a8 Z" y& a3 d+ X函数名: sqrt # g) S# ?/ ]. L' }9 I4 ]7 ~* G$ n2 n
功能: 计算平方根 3 W( q" O+ ]2 {7 d
用法: double sqrt(double x);
/ J: i* P7 t4 j' x: l程序例: 1 Z G- P' ^! z. z
#include <MATH.H>0 |. L& ], P( V
#include <STDIO.H>
5 k( r2 j( B4 ]; Q0 }int main(void)
- {9 O: n6 e n3 t$ B% @' i9 l{ ' z* R0 K, h s; D
double x = 4.0, result; 8 C" ?+ W! y T0 [) ?
result = sqrt(x);
0 P; D9 X; L4 i8 e) g) `% N. ?! pprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); + G2 {4 @5 h9 a1 z% F
return 0;
9 i# ]- }4 w5 T- D+ s}
: _2 b9 g1 p( f( H! D, y% O1 X5 U2 G: |% G
函数名: srand 
8 G8 z2 z6 K: ]0 e: t+ e+ u+ U功能: 初始化随机数发生器
, t' o" ]+ C8 ?& p用法: void srand(unsigned seed); $ N+ _1 X) |: j
程序例: : A: Z9 N2 l9 @5 d3 c
#include <STDLIB.H>
# }5 f) Y5 @. y- e# C* `) o9 C#include <STDIO.H>3 I( W. z5 y. G2 _; q! @% ~! R
#include <TIME.H>( U) t6 K, H5 u" v' C" J+ D
int main(void)
6 `5 P1 Q( d) B6 \% n5 q{ ' ~0 ^8 ~7 y" Q% R/ S8 W
int i;
" N: M+ f6 _8 D# o( ktime_t t; 7 n4 F2 G! O+ j
srand((unsigned) time(&t));
$ w8 x- a# n) [+ C2 B/ V9 kprintf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
5 S- [/ E. M; u i) a. s# Bfor(i=0; i<10; i++)
0 Z* C$ s# H7 o3 f0 H4 u. Aprintf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
% D+ O( p ?- G* M6 Q7 |return 0;
8 z9 W% U5 b6 |# H( V7 b0 L} ' J6 y2 Q& D( }7 _$ l7 v) y# z
5 @- C6 r$ L5 f) C ^( m
- v5 E! ^9 F: [) u
函数名: sscanf 
/ B* @2 ? @% |4 \9 n功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
: H& W/ k, I9 `2 _6 F用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
. G2 Q+ x, f! X7 @) L- ^3 B% Z程序例: / D! ?. w% W/ Z* w/ o
#include <STDIO.H>
) G$ C, v9 l$ C8 c- Y5 @#include <CONIO.H>
- T0 ~1 a" S6 j* S o5 yint main(void)
! x$ v/ O6 ^& i8 w1 b" i{
8 U2 d/ j# j$ hchar label[20]; - H5 r3 T5 a& _# u. q
char name[20];
 T7 k1 B" A6 o& @0 h; s$ dint entries = 0;
! y1 H" _0 X; p: x. S0 ]7 @int loop, age;
, k* n# ^8 ]3 T( i" ^# x# ydouble salary; 1 m0 B9 |& R; N9 A! b& ^$ m
struct Entry_struct
: Y8 ~ z' k" W6 H, i4 q, u{
% v( h+ e K$ vchar name[20];
: L+ p; H! [$ e) v7 tint age;
 w, B& i7 S t1 t/ d) j) wfloat salary; # {: _0 V% Z/ H, ]7 I
} entry[20]; / `. S+ t* Q, N% W7 H! _
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */ 8 |: O- N0 b. e2 [# }4 M R
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
- o4 n8 a* P& S1 ], ?scanf("%20s", label);
5 Q: R# b7 B4 |2 t& H) Mfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
! E/ H" B5 I- \ A" _+ W. J/* Input number of entries as an integer */
4 i; l. G0 M( E& R- b8 r! rprintf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
5 v1 |" ]* M% _( P: [scanf("%d", &entries); + u3 ^) J4 V# x/ c( j) k: W
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ / P2 L& ]3 ^ ^3 }/ w0 q7 ^
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ % ~. E+ H/ o3 G; |( o
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) / _' u" |, a- o" M
{
+ D, T8 e% d! Q' D9 _3 v1 Sprintf("Entry %d\n", loop); # X: V( P* ]+ v4 r& g
printf(" Name : "); 4 o# y, P$ ?9 \6 s
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
1 V+ S$ R% W( M3 }fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 8 q- R4 b3 T6 l0 t
/* input an age as an integer */ , L! z( D- e4 g: K9 u: X& N
printf(" Age : "); - M, |' ]) k/ g/ K) b4 q. m
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); 3 g( I) _( y% N( W0 i2 m
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ + B6 t2 Z2 e* a
/* input a salary as a float */ , ^" ]7 w/ R6 m; L# t, F4 M
printf(" Salary : "); 6 B% x8 M, m( p, n; t% s
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
* r" i5 b0 J! |4 c ifflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
/ ~* u: T+ E' {5 q, y0 f2 s& p. [/ C} 
& Q, ^2 [7 G/ w! ]4 ^& Q7 T! T/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ + ~$ B4 K8 G. b |" Z
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n"); . c: ~7 f1 w$ W% c" H5 G
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); $ ^" |( |# e% j" s1 O' r
' S+ |5 Z- ^5 y: }0 E; Y
/* Print out the data that was input */ 9 H# a. k: I Z7 R; b
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label); # g/ U( W! Q: ^0 w& q7 ~
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
: g4 J* j5 N! Kprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
) j- p6 K4 j0 Ofor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) - C/ z6 Y0 u5 @6 N% q2 M/ f
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
+ [3 g1 x S8 Oloop + 1, ' P: v% d3 B; k- P$ y3 m
entry[loop].name, + U; E ]$ \; ^# S, l7 C
entry[loop].age,
* p+ |/ Q! G9 Y2 m1 K; N3 T4 E6 zentry[loop].salary);
$ t1 r- t+ W( X, R' y( rprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
6 h+ c) k) o7 X0 I7 @return 0;
) I! Q* I! Q9 J4 k. \# _}
- V, I. Z; y0 I f7 `2 N
/ n. f9 [$ r' x! ~
. p' u0 A1 f4 \* }函数名: stat ) Y3 I- e, q% p! K4 A- R
功能: 读取打开文件信息 ; ]. V; p) c% C z! b" a( E
用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); 4 v6 H2 N$ y) ]& ^
程序例: 
; D1 S5 {) } \#include <SYS\STAT.H>( W! i* }1 ]4 @- K) M: ^
#include <STDIO.H>
: @4 C6 D' o5 L3 J3 O) w#include <TIME.H>
7 q3 }' `( v1 S" n7 E#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" 
! C, G9 p4 Z+ W/ sint main(void) - `% ~1 d8 `% x9 C/ L$ ?/ ?
{ ' E: R% S3 F( l
struct stat statbuf; " [" E8 j1 u7 u
FILE *stream; 5 _! q8 w) _# _, n" n6 V, U
/* open a file for update */ & O: n# z0 w0 Z5 _8 y% @" P: V. P
if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) * p$ X9 \& N2 G7 W- v r$ P0 G% {
{ . z& i3 W. z9 i" C& O
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); 1 q' L. y2 O& x2 u P: Z; V' h
return(1); , R' O$ X% m, @; N5 S4 \
} 
5 G( d i# Q0 f8 W4 ^0 Y. j! Y/* get information about the file */
" J m6 @0 d* @+ b. q0 Hstat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 
# a: T7 C5 f, D7 y- A- L$ Xfclose(stream); 4 v% U/ V8 s- g& l2 I
/* display the information returned */ ; w, g. r4 J: o: p: e, h( A( F
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) " { y) r8 R f/ I
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n");
+ |; x7 [. X' v; xif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
. b* J) d' }; x$ Yprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n");
 h+ K, u6 O# ~6 F9 cif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) 6 P2 Z8 z( n0 q6 t9 v, a7 K. n
printf("User has read permission on file.\n"); ; Z! s" ?2 S( G! a
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE) $ L T0 U& j4 }2 p, i
printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 
' h2 }+ B5 [# e. E0 O: Iprintf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev); 5 n2 v! c) ]1 q9 o3 A
printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size);
, z$ H- O2 A! Y+ ?3 o% u$ M- \printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
' K/ j5 d0 z, ?9 Xreturn 0;
/ f) L3 t) Y8 {2 P) y2 u} 8 K6 `- ~$ c; I6 T' ]
 w# h; S; j: ` u( @, D

: u2 R$ E) ?0 \
. K. [) v9 p/ ]* m. ?8 Q( B) g函数名: _status87 
" {' b5 s7 w$ K! I+ L" [功能: 取浮点状态
. }5 }: t! r# s! ] \+ \& ^用法: unsigned int _status87(void); 5 m+ Q9 {; w5 j" T% i
程序例: ( y8 w7 K9 j; [
#include <STDIO.H>- l* l! b1 {- m" p7 j5 R# x6 n6 v
#include <FLOAT.H>
, k1 ?# A7 w! A$ |9 S2 \, vint main(void)
, X, @: G: b3 D{
/ U2 Y, h) r. J! k* V J% p" b/ Kfloat x;
6 m g- X) c- ^, o |7 _double y = 1.5e-100; / t6 z) X9 Z6 k$ j' w" G: Z6 ]1 D$ _
printf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 
' H3 S( q' h ]/ n* `" bx = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
' J2 o" Z* D. ^" |y = x; - }7 }- Z4 ^- z( z9 p) J5 R. N3 J
printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); . u6 I; f% \3 i8 S0 b0 W N
return 0; 0 S) B9 Q0 z) J! x; z
} ( d& N' [$ X7 V! V

0 [7 j- h6 T( ?; G4 h$ o4 M% F7 w
$ v( U j8 w/ G* z8 { K- X函数名: stime 
+ v+ r9 V2 O7 W) L G1 v功能: 设置时间
. U8 B! {3 E( A- \+ N- z0 ?用法: int stime(long *tp);
7 K0 B* [& s% p- U9 P& ~3 |程序例: 
$ k4 A& L/ f* b9 h#include <STDIO.H>5 R1 X: k: |" h+ T
#include <TIME.H>+ y8 b7 M0 P' [0 i$ W8 h8 V4 Z4 _
#include <DOS.H>
" q9 |* D0 }3 [; d2 ?+ l' Q: k! G& uint main(void) / [& E6 y0 l/ j/ Y! C
{
4 h& R7 q6 q+ F6 L+ z$ ttime_t t; - t2 h% {) w: U# O* b
struct tm *area; 
& A' ]* b( D4 m7 I4 |9 Bt = time(NULL);
% _# R+ D8 z3 farea = localtime(&t); 7 |3 I3 C2 e; F5 o0 Q5 ?
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); 1 N8 L: h7 D5 ?( _+ x0 c
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
/ t+ r' ^$ K. E* vt++;
2 e$ I, U* c8 n8 E+ D6 c: ^. r9 Narea = localtime(&t);
( s( h! F7 U; Cprintf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 0 R1 k2 Q* W% k8 N+ r0 Z0 a* J
t += 60; 3 j* i w# y6 d: P* s# r
area = localtime(&t);
 F6 p0 q$ j( @" N& N# F; jprintf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); * B! \$ H& @4 X q
t += 3600;
% Z1 j2 ~" S4 f; T& Q p; T* Rarea = localtime(&t); ' c6 a0 B2 z* k! Q
printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); ' t+ `2 y1 d2 f! I: |
t += 86400L;
3 d# W+ ~) @. Xarea = localtime(&t);
& _& c" j x1 V- e, I4 cprintf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 5 o5 L) j' z( i/ O3 N9 ?
t += 2592000L;
5 R# x1 g! k3 p1 a8 L4 qarea = localtime(&t);
- F: ?" _: \7 G8 @' P4 wprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 0 L) }" \" q! V7 s9 }, g
t += 31536000L;
: S1 G/ T: D+ w8 A8 @6 Iarea = localtime(&t); 9 m! _& t, O8 F3 f
printf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area));
! }9 J: v a* P* f4 w+ ^return 0;
} 4 T' B2 B2 |8 h$ ^- v7 a f- Q J' f
" r0 O: x3 _8 G4 p3 K7 G B
4 w: j9 `9 w/ d* \

& O8 e0 z( N1 V1 u1 b+ U) D函数名: stpcpy 4 d+ m: h; m0 N: `+ s3 z
功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
# t; O9 Y; s+ p8 p/ z用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
6 R& V# ^2 P! x. N0 [' a程序例: 
# q! e$ ]. _: f K# n#include <STDIO.H>6 ]5 _7 V- U% Q/ `% R
#include <STRING.H>
& N+ j8 @% H5 u2 T2 hint main(void) ( t! p9 {2 k4 Y. J1 $ ~8 P& j7 `. i
{ * ]4 K {" v: j/ P. V: w9 g
char string[10]; 6 T0 f0 j! K' \" q5 X+ ]
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
2 P M4 S" `8 I4 f2 K9 Jstpcpy(string, str1);
- ~9 ?6 f8 o2 r" B8 ?% _printf("%s\n", string);
7 ? }0 K) B& v- {8 y4 Ereturn 0;
: V+ n, P+ S" ~% s! x. R}
4 c3 L& T$ K+ ?: k' {, d
. i6 {7 [) u9 D& i! d7 J7 E/ [4 ^- ^" `% `- U) F) `

5 \4 _7 R) {+ a8 W' V) u" `函数名: strcat . z3 ?) [. ?3 H' T
功能: 字符串拼接函数
: R% E/ R' m" @% L7 ], K# V用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); / f6 p/ Z+ `- g
程序例: 
+ r, W' ~7 h5 m# g" A0 e#include <STRING.H>
8 ?+ k& i( $ T) ?/ G/ w#include <STDIO.H>, X, f! e4 v8 f# ]# d# L- t
int main(void) 6 S2 v' m' b/ i5 E Z. T# g# K& `
{
( {6 y6 j e; qchar destination[25];
3 E3 Q/ G: C7 H1 X! E4 w; g" ~* k; Uchar *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
8 x+ z7 ^, T6 M" mstrcpy(destination, Borland);
5 Y# ?: B! [, gstrcat(destination, blank); ) u( X5 @9 X3 c$ a* I
strcat(destination, c); 
) ?. C2 ~9 @6 ] Q }printf("%s\n", destination); # b* o& v0 H5 v0 W: p: S& L3 {
return 0; / l/ s$ l. N q& k3 n. _( D
}
5 _0 M; E" R6 G* T! ?, E% ~8 c @1 p7 V9 o* ~& e0 @

! Y K$ [' Q) x2 m% u. F
' E c# S8 L, K0 _) Y函数名: strchr + {) i+ c! m; K* r$ J
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ 1 q2 r- I. |9 c9 ~/ `" h4 n
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
& J/ v0 n0 ~1 K0 E: N程序例: ; V$ _% R* R' B3 M' S M
#include <STRING.H> S; E1 `9 e0 G9 l" }4 `- s$ j: s
#include <STDIO.H>7 m/ I8 l4 w& f; E* @! `5 J
int main(void) 1 B! P* S% N4 g: z6 O3 s, M7 ]" F
{ , R( ^- m% ^2 L+ a& W% _9 U
char string[15]; 1 T6 z% d: @$ p! D
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
+ {) S% ?7 ^( G, \2 f; xstrcpy(string, "This is a string"); ! y* a- k+ H# R' z6 U
ptr = strchr(string, c);
. t1 o8 z5 |: dif (ptr) ; e$ V# o+ ~4 h( o% @; [
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); + ]$ y1 a; D; R
else
 y& R! p( E" X/ _printf("The character was not found\n"); * ]; t+ Z: g- t# {- h
return 0;
4 t0 f F" x# X' D. d+ J}
) @2 ]5 r* m" f8 b0 a8 I1 N7 w( n* t: g9 S
& g8 ?9 Z7 P' G1 e
4 L/ g' E1 K w) {! l
函数名: strcmp : T$ `7 k& P' T f' L
功能: 串比较
) R/ T" | |9 B6 f4 T用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
' I8 M9 F) g8 M+ z' o q程序例: & I" B; a/ m- i: u
#include <STRING.H>
8 r, S3 p/ F* f& w2 z#include <STDIO.H>
) g$ i# j& l1 O' y8 B* ^2 O9 Aint main(void)
' V: y: |* r- s# a8 `4 z. A{
# S8 ^6 a$ L6 _8 lchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; # }3 K" q! U- o- c8 e( d
int ptr; s1 U, ` a- z! j' G
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); 8 q- t+ {+ |, {8 O
if (ptr > 0)
# B- y" a6 k7 ], Sprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ) N# z/ [, o) Q9 B
else
- N, H9 D- J- g5 y) C% n: F9 \9 b, qprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
% P }+ Z! X( d8 `6 I) h: kptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
# m; _( O" q3 A7 Vif (ptr > 0) 1 a' z' e% q2 n8 g2 m
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
$ Y) V `/ V0 y$ X8 ]else 5 g4 e% J+ i& h! `( M" n
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 8 \2 w7 w/ N& V7 I
return 0;
+ a4 c X+ `; T; B}
8 J9 A9 o* F* _/ t. f9 p
3 d$ M3 G; e' x3 i! p( F" |$ Y: H2 {6 R% t
* R, n& \: X U% L d
函数名: strncmpi 
: i1 g/ l+ Y8 t/ ~8 Y功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
3 e% z% H* W0 G g) P用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); : l) X! I- R4 ]& R. u% K9 }
程序例: 
: ?8 j. D. T3 D$ ~: B' e#include <STRING.H>4 ^. n' E U/ D1 N2 A! T) m
#include <STDIO.H>
, u2 _! q4 o# Fint main(void) 6 d- F- {# ~2 Y( b# R5 x& G
{ 4 o0 M" \3 q# X+ l7 U
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
. H; E8 J) t0 s! r- M8 k; iint ptr; 
! P) B1 ]% b3 H3 r- d6 Tptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); & p' o( p/ b3 @ O5 ?1 ` B
if (ptr > 0)
, U( H. ]+ L5 N0 @- Oprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
* q# ^# R. X' Z3 ]if (ptr < 0) . G/ m2 S- w3 @" ?
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); - t8 \7 O, D. Y* r m
if (ptr == 0)
7 b8 n5 ?4 ?1 b$ a6 vprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
$ E9 l( d, D4 F! Preturn 0; ' H7 Q$ |. i7 m
}
5 K7 @9 b- X3 {) G2 a, H
% s9 Y& x D, a, N: J! v4 B; Q3 T
4 ]; u, s, {$ d% J! ~% m
2 r$ ~# j' z! }0 H函数名: strcpy 0 r. s, K+ M0 }( x. d1 n
功能: 串拷贝
 j1 @+ E: g* o, B6 b8 ?用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); # A/ x) X; \2 e; j4 r
程序例: 
4 E6 s5 p6 N% d3 Z5 n#include <STDIO.H>% c2 l6 R- A5 {8 u! r) o
#include <STRING.H>
) Q* W; ?9 ^% d% P! [1 `* u7 Vint main(void)
 ~1 L: R. m( R{
+ O$ J/ D/ t* r' A# ]& Y1 jchar string[10]; ' I5 V4 s1 ?7 x7 U: }( Z
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
, ~: ~. F) F! | |0 e# d' j# Sstrcpy(string, str1);
+ I7 u" D6 }( I& I' j& b# V1 |, `7 tprintf("%s\n", string); ; T S3 @+ ]$ I
return 0; 3 p2 O1 ]$ Q3 t, {! Y* _
}
. r8 a% W; c% V; @- }% f- C! {* B: R# O5 k6 V4 h+ Y7 d6 z7 Y

: f+ ^/ f& G6 e4 G4 f8 n
3 Y' p, @0 @& @0 n- d: H, `, e函数名: strcspn 
" g m) C' m$ u y功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 * M8 [( }$ D0 O. o; p- h, m
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2); ; s; O& G! f* ?; j. R0 j# Z- V- Q
程序例: ' u8 f% |. k+ q$ U1 [5 x
#include <STDIO.H>
: P$ o4 [7 a! v+ Z+ J: ?#include <STRING.H>/ m7 [/ w' d2 l a( h4 h
#include <ALLOC.H>
! E5 @. g. D5 N1 b( V& Qint main(void)
9 |# \4 Z6 y! \0 t, J- F& g& P1 x, z{ 6 \; R) Z2 p- D, q3 f M2 u
char *string1 = "1234567890"; 7 e6 N( N1 i- v* }) M. K* B
char *string2 = "747DC8";
; d# D+ Z1 ~3 V6 Wint length; 4 X) r& G: {# B* P8 E% N+ ^! j
length = strcspn(string1, string2); 7 q# w: M3 G* ]2 \0 Z; s
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 0 i+ ?5 f. A+ }6 G( F/ W7 P V
return 0;
3 ?) C" G7 q, \8 M$ A* A+ S5 Y}
( }, C. E+ s: S
0 u3 J- L/ Y2 H; I f# ?# m
) o7 Y7 H7 T4 N9 W$ P' L# K* S
8 A' k t9 d3 g: p1 U函数名: strdup 
! L: c2 {0 E$ A7 k, W4 w功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处 - ]! _* {! _. X" w# @& Y. Q
用法: char *strdup(char *str);
9 i8 J) R2 a, s& ~! |$ B程序例: P# }( G; I% n7 C6 o
#include <STDIO.H>5 m& `2 y( e9 ]5 ^, W/ l
#include <STRING.H>
7 w7 M# I; \& B#include <ALLOC.H>
0 V2 t/ V+ A: R& D) x$ a, @3 [int main(void) - L- s- M; Y4 |, c* @
{
0 ~$ x* c3 L. Q7 n' R) M) Echar *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 5 K4 [% A' i1 W
dup_str = strdup(string);
0 Y* I& w; C7 r7 Xprintf("%s\n", dup_str);
1 I$ ^( g8 W: ~2 ? B" mfree(dup_str); 
' ^! b X: ^2 H. u4 {/ K9 ]% Hreturn 0;
, N) M" r4 Z; F4 \2 Q: ~- N6 B} 2 f1 O- h; d# o, g/ g$ _' w

, B* `+ f, A: T) w, X
2 R7 a. l; X Z1 Z3 T6 E
# T/ j& P) w+ N8 ]函数名: stricmp 
 W+ l7 c" O/ K6 s功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 G2 N5 A7 {2 Y1 s0 L7 k# W
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); * m+ g7 }, i$ T
程序例: 
8 B' g& {* V5 E. C+ F#include <STRING.H>
% l9 n6 z* E0 ~6 I3 E#include <STDIO.H>+ `5 j" U; u) D4 U! V* }! H+ J. a
int main(void)
/ `7 H( Y9 J# a( {2 K' {{
0 r* w/ i: a! L9 |. achar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; ) v+ { P- y; z; p- ~ e1 m8 C
int ptr; 2 p' K) f4 o: g- y @
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
1 {7 i1 i3 W0 j _! J" y0 eif (ptr > 0)
6 b Y% d( r7 y% v8 P+ hprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
 n* Z, q7 j9 Nif (ptr < 0)
( d0 s Y6 k, ^" c. qprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
9 g$ ?% j% q! Q2 K6 Z& kif (ptr == 0) w6 l* ?2 [& U' S9 j5 T
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); ! M+ Z- I w, E" x- Z
return 0;
- k* o( p. F# {: w% K0 {* b2 I( r}
- L t/ n `6 \( D; e# _" T; s# j9 E3 ]- d4 R- M
) W E& X' I* e0 O% g
函数名: strerror . V7 y6 H6 N+ c% \2 j R
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
7 R. p3 @! _* j" c* E用法: char *strerror(int errnum); 4 V7 ^+ k8 S) _- A
程序例: % N2 v9 h# @: _# o* F" e. C
#include <STDIO.H>; u% w c, N+ I; J' |6 i8 \; w3 E
#include <ERRNO.H>
& c! |$ d3 ~$ U# d; ?* ^; Gint main(void) % v: E8 G8 w& Q
{ 8 s1 D1 f) R. Q) ?8 w! q) U+ l: q
char *buffer;
6 H* S1 ?1 P, I! U- o& v1 h0 Hbuffer = strerror(errno);
8 \/ g: {# z' p8 Rprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer); 5 `+ T( _' J* w9 k% l
return 0;
7 H3 P9 H1 M+ F# X8 G1 ?) S. I v}
/ y4 C- p; Y& g, s4 Y. {! b& m& l

0 i% y9 b, u2 G2 f( @. H- w: r0 _& g- Z+ D( V" G
函数名: strcmpi * E9 K0 ]3 [& ^
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
 p5 H( K- T0 G. M9 R) T% g8 x9 p- l用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
5 E/ A, k/ Q2 a程序例: + h2 M4 D( `9 n
#include <STRING.H>* m$ v, x, E& P) e
#include <STDIO.H>
6 T6 I4 H5 Y+ i1 Jint main(void)
7 X# |- s1 [/ K9 y) z8 q{ ) c. Q5 l1 K9 b2 D3 [
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 5 F, i4 i D9 P' O, _
int ptr; 
" f% v2 ^: M$ |& N6 x* h: x! [ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); ) H! z! p2 Y# p0 K* Z1 m
if (ptr > 0)
$ T6 s& d/ u2 a" T Zprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
6 A. {/ L5 ]- Q7 Hif (ptr < 0)
) |) ^$ O8 q: D: x P) Q5 aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
2 D" P" \9 i. E' U. w5 Y; eif (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 6 k, O2 ?* Y0 G2 W6 `" i' |+ p3 L
return 0; ! ]0 V8 Q* e+ f$ K4 H" f% ?8 W) E' E
}
, G) V4 u* R! t+ X1 ~9 e! H" x9 U9 S/ ]6 |8 x) h1 k
- W# c' k$ f% I- O# n- r- m# u
7 A+ b1 d; {& D% x, P% g. b6 B
函数名: strncmp 9 ~4 M _5 ?; v/ K- o
功能: 串比较
- K; c! m$ W& o6 I7 b用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
程序例: , {& L( o" ?2 V+ m- p
#include <STRING.H>3 j; f7 q; m6 a- J6 g- `
#include <STDIO.H>. h- [& y5 J/ [/ t: |" A
int main(void) 
8 @0 e& b. c. a/ B{
) z+ S9 `0 F+ O {char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; - |% b# u( h6 W7 v( Y; i7 f4 C
int ptr; 
1 y3 X2 u( ^, @8 U2 ^& Z+ I$ \ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
, G+ _$ c9 ]' a, d7 o0 sif (ptr > 0)
) |: E& H% c# I' r% ]" @( ~% E9 j, @printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ' K& [; a# h" ?' ~: M' O) x8 o I
else
8 @: E: e- Y' y0 V* Z7 g$ O Fprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
 h) ^# w' f9 p6 N6 B* Pptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
5 s- V. u. g. y2 b3 ^* T. Xif (ptr > 0)
" a. j) f/ g; i+ r7 R6 jprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); E8 E# }5 Y# s: N9 S3 Z, {& g5 l
else 1 ~) Y. @7 p8 F- ^/ `3 q! `
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
. g& W/ f) c) P1 |! s! l7 Z5 @return(0);
: l5 K4 g, w1 z' R} $ X) Y) L' E5 A( N( e7 a4 ?
) L- t% J* P3 p2 w
1 O7 B1 f- Y# d1 s
函数名: strncmpi 
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
3 ]1 {* i8 m T! {( M5 E用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); + C: n$ g& g" D
程序例: 0 |- o, Y5 A2 v+ Z1 Y
#include <STRING.H>
) Y* @& Z1 x# M# Y$ s6 @1 x+ n#include <STDIO.H>
% @6 p, A. I/ Z* {+ r) `' Tint main(void)
9 l4 L( F% r# b/ H U{
5 q/ j3 G4 ^8 V! T1 t; y9 Tchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
- M& t+ v8 T, n" S2 |) T. `; _" Yint ptr; 7 D/ m- ?& w$ @8 [1 M4 X1 o* X j
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 1 a! j4 d; z) O5 y `! J2 N
if (ptr > 0)
" w& ]6 L- `- c8 Y# K# X( l n9 \: Gprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
: R4 x/ Y J! X3 s( \5 jif (ptr < 0) 6 G# ? \7 j& G4 V
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 9 v7 `. K9 k) O) k
if (ptr == 0) 6 U/ `6 l/ R9 w q
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
! b2 r) v$ z$ breturn 0; 1 k$ M' n6 x1 E- T' v4 G
}
# n; I! p4 v" Q9 [4 f% T& m
* f Q7 ?/ Y! A4 M3 _2 |( {0 t; j' p" n: n0 Q
函数名: strncpy 
, b ~! u$ d9 J2 C3 `) I, z8 D功能: 串拷贝
+ L! m, b0 `* o2 v8 ]: [用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); : W4 G$ l1 D8 b7 z2 Q: o2 K
程序例: 
# e: b' n, G8 J4 B* n) Z3 k1 r#include <STDIO.H>
% ^* @1 ]; {- h0 Q* @% I#include <STRING.H>
5 T0 p: b; z6 B/ `& o3 {int main(void) % M' i4 j0 R8 g" S. G
{ ! C) b& U/ N1 q/ R/ @
char string[10];
% i1 Q" P9 O) n# c2 k# H4 Cchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 5 o' J6 l# U& x% j4 j Y) a; ~
strncpy(string, str1, 3); / o8 O( K7 P+ x" C: _! Q
string[3] = '\0'; % S' Q8 ~% C* N }
printf("%s\n", string);
3 L+ j, ?4 U freturn 0;
2 |. B3 _$ n/ H L}
- @/ L+ b+ B5 q' j3 w, E( @
; G; h0 u9 C. `8 C
% r/ S% p- F9 i7 t+ Q$ N/ o函数名: strnicmp 
& [3 _$ w8 s; o; k0 w, S+ h功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 ' E1 N3 U' e! Z) T2 N4 D
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 0 a' R, u$ T" t" K" L0 G& ^$ `) Y9 v+ x
程序例: 
9 y8 N, d( p" P) W1 u#include <STRING.H>
- c$ v) ~* }8 ^8 W#include <STDIO.H>
! w/ T" A% ~8 [% p( q Lint main(void)
( Y, L& i4 A w. t& b{ 7 ?+ A# a/ N6 L& C& G/ E/ z
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; * F& ~$ X* _# d9 W& D/ ?3 F6 M
int ptr; 
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
! C% ?4 D; D( ?. R; p9 C1 eif (ptr > 0)
/ b$ o4 \2 N/ a- m5 Hprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
6 Y/ }, o( }3 h& [" Y B3 u# cif (ptr < 0) * Y I3 d3 [5 g$ B( s( }
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
+ b' r- W! o7 `- Hif (ptr == 0)
; M, G$ H1 o. j' }printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
3 R) T* g( x( A1 r# ~: G6 areturn 0; 8 Y$ ^' E( y9 O! w. w9 D: A! W h
}
# C* z1 W; g0 i% M
1 `( N) }" p9 v% i
, e9 g# l* b, U/ K' s! Q
& H4 `* s9 _+ Z: n+ Q5 t7 R函数名: strnset 8 B( u& O# P- Q3 A$ `
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
" h+ g+ V! K. N9 W用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
% i. D6 j2 j& p3 K2 ]程序例: 
, Z7 o! ]8 \: a5 _#include <STDIO.H>- c" x, a( ^ w/ K1 U9 y
#include <STRING.H>
* B2 I8 Y1 `* b& [" A+ d' xint main(void) . B( ~4 r; L/ O, y, \4 `! X
{ 9 a% X# t& Z/ h' U9 |" [
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; & z0 ^) F! B9 [% `6 e
char letter = 'x'; 
& [3 r. d! h2 r% t# d( S; yprintf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
/ C7 i! b9 c4 P* Kstrnset(string, letter, 13); ) w( X9 P0 {/ u; S
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 0 P& P3 H8 _! Q; v9 S
return 0;
! R. Q4 x$ X/ J8 C} * H; z3 k9 O' x5 p

2 U9 t6 }' N# H
 p5 | B2 Q* N; ]2 o0 v$ D9 j函数名: strpbrk 2 f( |- H, R4 d/ |! a
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 3 G/ t: V- e: {) \+ _; `0 i1 d" y! V; ]
用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
. `; t5 b! Z2 J/ S! F6 a程序例: 
. S2 c, z+ x4 i. _3 w3 L#include <STDIO.H>
$ N4 D. H1 H# z/ N/ P! k6 r#include <STRING.H>+ v' C' N; {" ~5 m+ i
int main(void) ' ^& p1 a4 M$ _
{
% J& n! {5 @1 _3 d; schar *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
" z; C, g# E; |% d# J/ fchar *string2 = "onm";
; ~9 @1 t. U. E6 ~+ w" tchar *ptr; 
5 u# c( m$ b2 t6 }% A( R! x; z9 e8 Lptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
) B& y2 e& H5 [: Gif (ptr)
" e' |! f( c" ?& d' h' c7 Lprintf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); " e6 \4 ~& e" j k6 @6 ?
else 5 l9 e) i" ]8 I# G* b
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); . L2 e3 k3 |/ F. ]; a% o
return 0; - I" ^( ^+ b2 W' O4 G1 Q8 i% {* R
} 5 C1 l& k: e$ l% ?- K

9 y8 O# q& n; c( [9 x3 U2 z' M7 Z8 D$ b6 E: b: @/ {* G
# Z, o7 z# N9 C9 _
函数名: strrchr 
2 ~( [; _8 _ }3 v' S3 g功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
- y: { D! k u0 h8 y1 _) i% U用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
9 j S0 I: N/ c, ]程序例: 6 _$ b/ S P9 k m5 u# ~: ^
#include <STRING.H>( _8 O2 a& x' G1 q0 x; k# x4 _$ h
#include <STDIO.H>( C T/ J! ?' H4 f
int main(void)
* [# g5 k: i5 |+ o, Q1 f; R7 D{
$ y. j0 ], V( n4 jchar string[15];
9 O2 f* z) t. p4 R$ W7 Ochar *ptr, c = 'r'; / h0 f6 G5 m) m. X# f l
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); 1 H. F4 C. _) v$ D5 R6 i
ptr = strrchr(string, c);
) t- X* R& i: h$ i* Bif (ptr)
7 `. ?# m2 E. z4 P# H- n* Iprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
1 t: ?* [9 i) R" @8 x3 selse ( W) A& i3 R4 O1 x) d, H& ]- s
printf("The character was not found\n");
1 {9 ~6 F- W) @2 ~. sreturn 0;
* ?# ?% Y& l) @- F! S} 2 `& @) B, l7 q' `1 C. ]3 E

/ G( i) U9 Z ?
- D& I8 X/ s% T! X4 w4 H' u1 E* R9 c7 c& Q* ^7 R; X* \
函数名: strrev . w) `; B( P; a- e# L
功能: 串倒转 S( H1 p* N3 }" V
用法: char *strrev(char *str);
 a0 Z+ A5 Y& W程序例: 
9 S& x, b5 X4 _ p4 k#include <STRING.H>
- H3 P- U6 Y- J#include <STDIO.H>
! o' L. f4 K8 E. P6 Q4 T6 Pint main(void)
/ \0 Y! k5 A$ h C{ 5 u; }/ q7 W d0 ]" R
char *forward = "string"; 
. e" \; r4 N. @( z! Hprintf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
strrev(forward);
7 t4 ~/ V4 E; r# Qprintf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
- Q! k: h7 t+ c ]* Hreturn 0;
5 j4 I& p/ s4 C% Q( F: P2 H( Q. f! Q9 l} 4 f( c( i7 q+ g$ Z8 w& S# M) T- }
7 L6 M# ^' `2 ~* t1 v
函数名: strset 
5 R) t6 x: b" Q' @" t: ]功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
" ?3 Y6 H& P* ^+ [用法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
# J- K1 w8 x n( R2 M程序例: 
# e; C7 O9 U8 }2 y#include <STDIO.H>/ H/ T0 r" ~+ H; |4 I+ X+ D+ t
#include <STRING.H>
! t" o, W, f! P% sint main(void) ( g4 b! Z- C5 v
{
' `0 s) o0 F ]. m+ f8 |' g( N0 Zchar string[10] = "123456789";
4 ?, G- ^+ d7 C/ F! A. Bchar symbol = 'c'; 
9 i$ x+ o2 o& h" c: Y; Lprintf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
6 ?& P; v U, g/ n' @* X$ M5 istrset(string, symbol);
; u3 _3 y/ q8 r+ q8 O$ A2 Y$ C2 Xprintf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
3 D" [; x: z5 a( `3 E- v5 F9 i* xreturn 0;
0 M6 M% L) w) ~ _+ u+ o o- Y5 q}
% P9 U7 W: x8 t# }+ s8 F
. [; M% q( q1 Y R; M/ G+ K8 u1 |9 M' p* B1 Z& ~" [" j# x
2 f7 ]6 B4 H, D! U+ e
函数名: strspn 
( |* x: \' H4 K2 _% `( u功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现 i! [7 u- m% C v- E' j9 H/ u
用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); ) d% t0 W1 }# q: _0 d
程序例: 
/ E9 ~6 t2 d4 y- P4 [) j! _#include <STDIO.H> l1 D3 G* h p; _4 C/ a$ `+ Y
#include <STRING.H>5 m4 a5 Y; x4 u7 z( h
#include <ALLOC.H>
3 P% B, I- Z/ z' Y$ a; d7 \9 wint main(void) ~& @3 A l$ I$ R
{
5 Q% u7 k* m6 l2 Mchar *string1 = "1234567890";
8 l s* a% G/ t1 Zchar *string2 = "123DC8"; ; n$ H) t" S& `# |7 F! n& R5 x, \! L
int length; 
$ `- Z; d* S2 J# c1 ]7 xlength = strspn(string1, string2); 5 \% T; {' ?+ ^; b
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); A& `0 d/ E; M5 U2 s
return 0; 3 l% B" @, N' f3 R4 i5 F
} ' m/ c: A7 X% z
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函数名: strstr ) k0 i. {3 g' t- ?
功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 - O. `0 l, W- a2 ~
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); S9 j, F" y: V1 k# k: s0 J
程序例: % J+ ^! b& O, Y4 _5 a Z
#include <STDIO.H>: p) ^0 t4 y# s" n
#include <STRING.H>
. P$ c( m8 i: Mint main(void) 4 T. F; M" g$ G( D7 ]8 q4 [, @
{
1 x2 L- M9 Z' v0 Vchar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 1 ~( O3 x! C* h
ptr = strstr(str1, str2); 6 T0 y% M- r# Y6 t4 A# |' {- _# m/ N
printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
; M' ~+ P Y& M. R6 c' Areturn 0; 2 v0 u/ t) k- @' k1 ^9 m7 L
} 
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' K) ~( [9 w7 K0 n9 E) X函数名: strtod ; N D* y, b. T
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 5 l: z& `* K8 j K% ~/ Q0 }/ u
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
2 c+ M' K) [* m3 q程序例: 
3 y5 ~$ K6 s( F* X. P8 F#include <STDIO.H>9 W: v, @. W0 i
#include <STDLIB.H>
# q q) X; T4 H- N# tint main(void)
! s$ \8 w- H! c3 z% [{ # M& j5 ]0 l; Y3 n9 S
char input[80], *endptr;
+ `) e( I* Z' Y( Y- Odouble value; 
) f& w8 M! p) {- v. J; Qprintf("Enter a floating point number:");
 h ?: y1 H/ v) I% w/ |gets(input); / v0 ~+ u% r8 h7 i% F
value = strtod(input, &endptr);
) q- \9 U- Y4 Wprintf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); 5 b/ v4 Y. ?; \, m6 O; b
return 0; # T% f: @. z+ ]+ T* X. w
} @' w3 J5 t w! ~

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7 c/ H3 _( d- z0 F. ^. ~函数名: strtok 
# X5 ^: f% }8 I! H" w+ q$ M& F/ y功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 / Y8 s- Q% ?" Z
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
; r+ Q# a$ i" F; N程序例: 
 W* _ G4 s5 o8 s* |#include <STRING.H>' b! T, Y7 F& z9 d3 ~6 ~
#include <STDIO.H>8 F# S1 A+ p3 A7 @) F
int main(void)
+ m4 a: I% h) Y) E9 I. ]{ : j0 H* H9 F0 ]. h2 M5 A
char input[16] = "abc,d"; 7 k+ G+ V9 F) D
char *p; 
5 x9 B& @6 M0 w9 Z% `) ^# w/* strtok places a NULL terminator 9 L( A3 c9 R5 q C9 B6 F1 _0 ?
in front of the token, if found */ 2 u/ s# \/ A5 w. R5 w. j+ j' y! [' f
p = strtok(input, ","); 2 u) j4 C; ?9 L% s
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); ( G5 U9 G2 |0 ^3 {
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL ; e. v, B0 I9 {% W
as the first parameter returns a pointer 3 F! D% d; Q' y& B4 v# k+ `) a
to the character following the token */ 8 d' }0 ?" |2 ^) h
p = strtok(NULL, ","); 5 s2 x6 a* b! A9 C6 h# m
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); 0 V5 O* D! ?1 E3 s
return 0; 4 W/ p/ H# f# N; {3 k( Y! t. E
}
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函数名: strtol 
) w/ Y/ X* \4 `/ }& X功能: 将串转换为长整数
( p$ _; f' }/ H$ K; P用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
* b! _! m1 X* q1 o* L程序例: ! l5 O) }( R i E* u d/ r3 n
#include <STDLIB.H>1 s8 `( m5 X5 |6 H3 l+ Y! J, ]
#include <STDIO.H>
& ~+ j: I/ y( p u" iint main(void) & `4 W) c' O8 H1 c( m3 r
{ 0 e5 u0 C, r* D. t' a; u' P
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
! H1 A- F0 Z {) jlong lnumber; 
6 K; ^; ^, C% C {: ]/* strtol converts string to long integer */ 5 F. g6 ~% \+ {; |8 W' d! }
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
0 a) o/ J p3 x( C( eprintf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); 
2 g8 i- v/ X7 B% s! wreturn 0; ; O' ^3 I) J2 |( v
} 
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7 t0 \6 K$ h+ B# H6 ~: O% V# X7 _函数名: strupr 
: G% p! |! N2 F# D) A8 W功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母 ( ^1 X7 T9 A8 g$ l5 \
用法: char *strupr(char *str);
" u' x9 c- D0 S1 R8 J6 c5 {# x程序例: 2 k+ w/ X; e! w
#include <STDIO.H>
9 K" t1 T9 h& V3 K6 [2 r4 `' A/ |#include <STRING.H>
5 B$ ]' K T" C! v2 ]int main(void) ( |9 ^; I8 p% @- [/ R! b( \
{ # g, a0 e9 k! ?# K1 ~) s
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 
. @2 q6 }5 ^) e9 m/* converts string to upper case characters */
. _% a2 L& b9 [" i7 Hptr = strupr(string); ; P% t& q% c7 T
printf("%s\n", ptr); - L1 b( T5 e1 Q& f( I( z- C) Q+ b7 q
return 0;
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函数名: swab p* q1 w3 S8 S. A1 V5 k
功能: 交换字节 - C+ x( w0 z* I) v2 O' g6 W
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
/ q1 F* v) t% r0 c程序例: 8 \$ F4 A" ^, h9 c1 |5 \
#include <STDLIB.H>5 ^9 X, w6 d* x3 k- H- z# b
#include <STDIO.H>
8 p; d+ f2 w( c& u#include <STRING.H>4 N. C- n" r, o
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
% ~& w$ q) q0 T2 k3 H0 jchar target[15]; 
3 R P, B6 i8 ~* S3 Eint main(void)
# h+ K7 e6 [( D8 }4 Q0 q{
6 ^ Y: X0 O8 e! M' T6 ^5 s' ^swab(source, target, strlen(source)); * ?5 F1 N1 k- V. ^
printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
$ M9 f; ]9 b) F$ N4 R$ X5 v) ]' yreturn 0; ' U5 K7 W) ]* Q4 q6 K
}
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函数名: system 6 ^; B0 ]* S$ c! J- Y2 X
功能: 发出一个DOS命令
! [( k5 }* t ^5 h用法: int system(char *command);
2 P. h# r+ I: h8 _4 D2 h) g程序例: 
& L6 a' p" N# \1 {+ ]0 w5 a9 h( C6 g#include <STDLIB.H> M; l- @5 v4 _) W6 Q5 s5 d
#include <STDIO.H>' c/ @; n5 [- L1 Q0 N
int main(void)
# t7 J1 I4 X& n8 t{
8 A. g9 ^8 ]1 [: Z: {' ]printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n"); 6 P2 U! X, y! c2 L" c
system("dir");
1 a1 t) b2 G- }. treturn 0; 0 W/ P3 [' J1 V% ~9 t. v, M
}