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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); ) E7 i" o3 Y! l* n, ]1 y
/* display the gray scale */ ; B( {. q8 C2 u3 P
ht = getmaxy() / 16; - p9 n! u1 ~$ r2 ^( [% B% b
xmax = getmaxx(); 6 Q( v+ A6 w5 F( a
y = 0; 1 l; H- `$ u8 w
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
) ^: g" Y$ j' T, U b+ R6 Z3 m" Dsetfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i); 3 ]# S0 h6 n% [( R! H0 R* R, c- u
bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); $ k: ~- @+ O2 ~/ G
y += ht; - l( k3 P5 x& D a! t
} 8 g9 E# [5 G7 u5 g$ u. B7 K
/* clean up */
0 b5 H( V4 g0 ]2 n6 |. {getch(); ! H/ W% t: i% Q; v% z6 y
closegraph();
( H: H1 m& D/ r# K1 c5 {return 0; 3 P+ W' [3 p5 |1 W1 [$ d& |. |
}
4 L5 ]9 z. i; O+ \ F6 y% a! ^7 p- n' U; }/ I/ K! K

- T8 D+ Q0 W& V) ?2 G5 G/ W) }3 D+ }% t, U6 I1 R; @* v) J
函数名: settextjustify 
 q* X6 N) N) ], g. p功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 " s' G' [3 K% O& d: W
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
' c. C6 Q+ l+ q# }1 a q程序例: ' K& |2 E- N, o) F$ t, y( _: l) N
#include <GRAPHICS.H>: ]5 x+ T' F1 a& Y/ J
#include <STDLIB.H>
" Y K7 _1 C# H' v#include <STDIO.H>
 w8 _5 `( T( k0 d c#include <CONIO.H>
9 T' [$ P8 F' ]+ u% K/* function prototype */
1 G$ {( _/ ]- B& g2 x- z& Y) X: Ovoid xat(int x, int y); - y4 w* j' i1 l$ Y) |) _, y
/* horizontal text justification settings */
5 J/ g" p- ]7 S0 x5 v, ]char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", ) D9 ? D% ^6 e! t" L
"CENTER_TEXT",
; y& }& q$ _ b0 g' a0 M- t"RIGHT_TEXT" : E K4 `, @+ z, a# M
}; 
4 t) ~$ | c. Z; E/* vertical text justification settings */
+ I* i+ b0 X. v6 e) o% a5 L6 z! Rchar *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", + I0 m% Z* S+ b3 ~! q: E
"CENTER_TEXT", % `0 N1 u. K, W) c( E% S% Y+ \
"RIGHT_TEXT"
& e0 x0 @' N- Y/ a6 W# [8 _}; 
1 e% z$ @9 L! g) x9 qint main(void)
0 I: d0 z2 T3 g- n# u% Y! k{ ' i0 F1 {( N; H5 C* ?
/* request auto detection */ 2 {, R0 g# {5 ?# ^ R
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
4 U, ^" l4 y' T5 Y; V% gint midx, midy, hj, vj;
6 w3 i) B: q+ z" G- q* echar msg[80]; 
& S$ L4 b( w" ^) c/* initialize graphics and local variables */
9 E! s0 r6 X" A% Kinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
$ K& k9 Q1 V+ B9 @/* read result of initialization */
8 V0 c: c8 S- N: [0 terrorcode = graphresult(); - R! A& N$ ]+ j, ^
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ # x! H' d' m1 ]$ I% X% D
{
9 H' Z9 J: l3 ]' \0 Pprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); . v( z( O4 C* L [, Y
printf("Press any key to halt:");
+ [9 g7 ^, @% z9 lgetch();
4 o3 x; i7 s6 ~exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
7 c: i* z9 k- P: X} ! e1 V9 Z7 @ o& t$ c1 l
midx = getmaxx() / 2; ' B* }& \, _- N0 x0 e
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
7 A V% G, p( A, a2 r/* loop through text justifications */ & Z3 q, G+ X8 K5 ]( E8 |
for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++) ! z1 J9 Q. \- L
for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) " H+ x3 {" U0 d }+ P' l
{ 4 r/ C8 H4 p6 ?9 I! m, Z/ V
cleardevice();
! C ^. c+ i! g5 U# p H- i$ c3 d/* set the text justification */ # u4 B# T" C) e' o W8 E4 V( T
settextjustify(hj, vj); ]# \# w; S( s6 M0 u8 \
/* create a message string */
* w! a/ a& f) h: h0 a! Csprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); - e# P; i. L- V" ?& W, N
/* create cross hairs on the screen */
$ S/ _; W) p4 Jxat(midx, midy); 
 y+ O X) Z; F/* output the message */
# w; w S, B% T8 Routtextxy(midx, midy, msg); 2 r# h. }# |4 s9 U
getch(); : N2 Y j- H5 A7 ~* ]
} , H% _7 y9 p1 t2 f
/* clean up */ 3 q& ]+ o) n! U
closegraph();
/ g. o- K) m) vreturn 0;
3 _, G" a4 p7 M1 E} 
, k0 P( w1 h7 B* E/ c/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */ $ r0 D3 {! \0 B u% k
void xat(int x, int y) * y8 y# ^. d, Q5 n k' s
{ - S2 i# a9 h& ]0 a' h
line(x-4, y, x+4, y);
* E. S# D# L3 ]& Xline(x, y-4, x, y+4);
6 I8 j, m* y* C( H7 ~7 n} 5 n) u8 p! ]' Z8 J2 j% t% A

3 x; P. L- z T1 O: w" k) F* z' S6 X1 S" v6 e1 F
函数名: settextstyle 
/ T5 A5 W+ M3 n, P f/ F功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
' _; N$ L+ i G& u5 P' _! k1 {用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); ( N! _& e/ v$ X* h# ]
程序例: + n$ k. F$ q( X% }$ T0 R
#include <GRAPHICS.H>; m0 t! F: @) }' P1 y& r( b: y
#include <STDLIB.H>
8 y' B) T1 P1 B9 {% I. |#include <STDIO.H>
: E X6 V' ^6 D+ q: ^6 e#include <CONIO.H>& _1 ^0 N; [/ ^. o0 u- W
/* the names of the text styles supported */ ; ~/ z5 }0 D. o; K- B! c
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
" a3 h, }% \7 ?, l+ w"TRIPLEX font",
& g/ G: ?% C0 b( A0 j"SMALL font", : T3 j, ~* N ]* ^
"SANS SERIF font", 9 x& T+ `9 W {0 }8 B, A+ f
"GOTHIC font" . j4 @# N8 m, J) q( D. w
}; 4 ]9 Z, S7 D. _( d$ d4 T
int main(void)
9 b; x" n: u( G" c: r. S{
) u' I" G6 R8 z/* request auto detection */ ) Z2 e" r: }7 J5 l! q1 S
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
) d+ P' F: I+ |% j6 y3 s0 g+ ]int style, midx, midy; - V$ S5 E% i, b$ m8 p7 z# Y0 r
int size = 1; * O9 Y: d% m* L7 {
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ - ^! V3 b5 E3 v2 i+ x4 Q w( W
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ! Z. F# P p3 |+ P/ S% N% p. y7 ^3 ]
/* read result of initialization */ : Y- S; j) V& _ O% W& p5 x4 V* S+ d
errorcode = graphresult();
' M3 K) N+ T" a. L9 [if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 1 E7 q7 [' i3 |; D1 e
{ 1 G* X8 e, o3 J7 L+ @2 Q8 b
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ; [) `* x. k# o3 r; m @
printf("Press any key to halt:");
7 w. }/ `& Q& H9 {) {getch(); * i. q6 L& G6 a, D" b2 u
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ) C Z, e- x* C4 @/ `7 O- \
} 
6 Z* V2 d* X- emidx = getmaxx() / 2;
1 J ]1 ]) y2 R1 y+ | gmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
4 H7 |1 Y, v+ D7 S6 Msettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
5 N5 d3 {/ g, n/* loop through the available text styles */ : ]2 }& I6 r% E! O% t4 |) j ~
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
9 d, q0 Y3 H) I [0 c{ , k" k$ S7 Z1 a& g8 e) i
cleardevice();
/ n- s$ b: T" B: S/ J) }if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) ' }$ G$ Z: c: |. Y
size = 4; 9 b; D9 F8 ^2 t
/* select the text style */
7 [8 q) H8 v: z- Q0 asettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); # b. R5 p: s6 _! n+ K4 G
/* output a message */ , ]+ F* E- v5 w" A2 k }
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
; F4 }; n: Z- C0 E& bgetch();
' V& L+ ]- l6 l; ]} 
6 J N2 p7 X& p/* clean up */
5 q2 o& f( J- N7 \/ l" eclosegraph(); X& I3 ]! `8 U9 I
return 0; 1 O- S R, [& V) y0 r
} / e; \6 V" R& F/ e8 Z, ]
( w' T0 b, b+ R m7 X# v0 ]
0 H1 W, V1 F2 r5 i0 `1 S; C
函数名: settextstyle 
2 H0 U, A6 r$ E/ \) N6 z功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 - r. E' W9 R: F- o, Y& Q6 G
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
- p8 U, p Q! x t% y! B程序例: 
+ z3 i! ]: d& y' b* i#include <GRAPHICS.H>% G5 Q$ G% l) u; x
#include <STDLIB.H>
& X0 M6 N3 x& N) Q5 H4 m3 ] s#include <STDIO.H>3 `* S( r E$ m& }$ X0 f. X
#include <CONIO.H>2 ?- D* j! ]* p) _
/* the names of the text styles supported */
! ]. X6 Y6 j. l! V0 x/ a. _4 S" hchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
! D& |/ v( o. C"TRIPLEX font",
* c3 u( G$ I' y/ @"SMALL font",
8 c/ P! f9 L c7 P4 {: \"SANS SERIF font",
' p' T. R- M" f: R3 y' O9 R% W"GOTHIC font"
% Y" L4 p1 o" S. {}; 
9 h, i3 \0 `" _* O0 H- aint main(void)
/ ?8 y! B x) G4 ?" Y( b W{ $ n9 J4 x, _2 N& s7 Q7 I
/* request auto detection */
( A) Q8 G6 a/ v( Sint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; * @4 v: g: B7 r: q
int style, midx, midy; # {( C5 A5 ~+ i% u/ s1 z" k
int size = 1; 1 f& ]: e$ Z: Q: O
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 7 A' e% s# F# }& M; k- u
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); - B5 v! O* P7 T9 y* x* P* d) k
/* read result of initialization */ ! o8 J* D4 X. F! H, ?' ^+ Q8 }
errorcode = graphresult();
7 \9 p4 O! ?0 g1 g T, x; xif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 1 K/ c; Z( _+ H/ D- [8 H1 A
{ ^' T) ` B3 s7 o
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
9 [3 \; |. }( ^8 K# { |) v$ Oprintf("Press any key to halt:");
( F3 S" ~( B- J# Z4 qgetch();
1 Q" S* h& x3 Z# A, ?5 Cexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 2 `$ F; F& q3 N& _7 A! h! B# C, V
} 9 d- z& w$ H8 D$ E
midx = getmaxx() / 2; ( K% @4 e, ^6 F8 U' U3 W
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
- }; w" |8 l0 `8 \4 Hsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ) ~! K! \# a7 e+ V7 L# s, t( Q
/* loop through the available text styles */ ( L; P2 Z) D* u' k+ `# v
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) ' n2 F8 X" p1 ]0 \4 H$ e7 m. Z1 V% J# ]
{ , ], w. X+ d6 C( y5 v
cleardevice();
* o6 r$ G/ `9 X: cif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 8 U |5 O* B+ b4 m2 ~" M
size = 4; 
% m4 {( H: t) b/* select the text style */
7 Q/ _; Q. _& y, f! psettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); ' Y/ R4 N9 O( [( K- Y7 ~, D
/* output a message */
: J" n2 ?/ l' fouttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); P; ?2 P' w6 D/ {. a, J) _+ {+ p
getch();
6 x: A& C! J& v5 H} . ]8 H: }( c: q
/* clean up */
! F# D* X8 @! C0 Bclosegraph();
6 c9 @- X# I- j" T. g' ?return 0;
- t! v# Y+ m+ ?2 d% H. ]5 F- P8 o# l} 
9 |- \! J6 C9 d! L# S$ B' ]$ ?7 X# @/ A0 Z+ t8 v5 _ }) q8 {) {
' i6 l V; W1 Z# B. s
函数名: settime % P# m {9 G4 |9 w
功能: 设置系统时间 6 |+ y6 A w s1 G) o- S
用法: void settime(struct time *timep);
5 U v& l7 ~ @' t' ^程序例: 1 e" f! Q3 U6 V' b# M1 }
#include <STDIO.H>
' k% l8 Z. d, L: q#include <DOS.H>
" v+ H( T! K2 s i0 oint main(void)
$ x$ y* L% H8 x* @; ]{
0 g6 K! A. [- z, t4 d+ n$ Pstruct time t; # L* M; x4 J$ p
gettime(&t); 6 P1 U& X" }9 o$ ]' E. W5 c! m
printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); 7 M- t8 x0 J& N( N5 N' M i
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
6 S! `1 [; b7 Y, e4 K- |6 k! \+ sprintf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); - y3 |" w6 A# [* e% ^5 k5 P& Y. k2 _& k
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
+ H$ }$ J! P- ~: }, U. t, k/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
8 F' i% e+ M6 W- lt.ti_min++;
7 C- e, }! c& L) U( V: z: Z5 Dsettime(&t); - \/ f9 _, o' n5 r
return 0; ! G) L8 c5 ? H; `, L6 C
} 8 `2 \- m" C Y7 T

8 m$ {0 |* L, \4 {
( f. j1 j* o- |, l0 ?函数名: setusercharsize $ `7 f0 `% s$ @+ ~
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
& d" V8 k, q) ?1 K& X) G0 W用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); % T2 \8 S% A" Y
程序例: 
" g% M8 w- l+ u4 \#include <GRAPHICS.H>
% C, L; i+ G* l; ?& J* I0 X4 X, X#include <STDLIB.H>
" P- {5 t7 U8 Y7 A/ b#include <STDIO.H>5 ^# W6 i0 k3 @) X1 W
#include <CONIO.H>* G. z; |; F" p2 v: T: P
int main(void) - I3 A. v5 y! |7 l
{
- ]+ x& A. h$ D3 o: r7 D! ?/* request autodetection */
& @8 x- T; W/ Sint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ; A( i7 k; A; _3 r6 U8 ]. h
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ $ x! l& K6 n+ C/ O# r* ?" K A1 z
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # H9 v- c! z! L: u0 W4 u
/* read result of initialization */ 5 V5 m# u0 n% z$ R
errorcode = graphresult();
" E( Q6 Y/ V& Z: W7 }if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ # s+ q4 u; C! N/ Q) M2 M/ E( f
{
1 L+ {% I! k8 t( ^, X3 Hprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
: O; e4 ^0 ?1 Iprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 8 X' E2 f: q# U! h
getch(); 1 F6 ]. O6 c1 y* p
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
! ^. J+ ]% f& h3 k} 
: j( h5 R& _" G+ e! Q5 ]/* select a text style */
) C. ^7 o$ e/ ~, c7 `settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
: G- b' e2 N2 t5 o2 A% c& b/* move to the text starting position */ ' W' v5 s# S# @, X/ [# s% i$ S
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 
& y5 I" P+ s( S' z7 @/* output some normal text */
6 P6 q* s! R- u0 I6 touttext("Norm "); 2 a' K' P8 w+ b
/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
0 ]% |( i, ^5 \' |( \" V; Ssetusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1);
+ `8 h6 V- m# K( S" Jouttext("Short "); 
$ b7 W: P. r( b( P/* make the text 3 times normal width */
. F5 K" {: w6 U8 Y/ V5 @7 Ssetusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
& S7 p. X& ?% q) Aouttext("Wide"); 6 B- Z. l* o1 W$ O+ L4 V9 n5 ^
/* clean up */ + o* ~3 z! X/ L9 ~7 x
getch(); ; f; J9 |$ ~! V. ~/ T1 ~4 b+ C( I
closegraph(); 0 b6 J ]& w; c k( K
return 0; , x7 A: g$ r: _9 R8 ^0 t
} 
. s) T% q6 H6 N" V& F. _
8 ~8 R. x, K, q& g, c3 l函数名: setvbuf 
9 W" f& s2 x b功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
4 @! h# A6 U5 F# P用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); 5 p ~5 T3 ^) c( ^1 J7 D
程序例: 
; @+ P* A2 J( B. x#include <STDIO.H>
2 N9 }7 L s8 I8 X( V2 O# Cint main(void)
2 o. y2 y- _: o E/ B' k, U{ + @- E9 M5 S9 F) J
FILE *input, *output;
8 b$ r# e, x. K5 B; k0 Achar bufr[512]; 
, y" R. g# U, r) _# @5 Vinput = fopen("file.in", "r+b"); 4 a: @$ d9 C2 y# s+ x+ O% m
output = fopen("file.out", "w"); 
7 L! |7 d4 P5 @; D0 R+ o8 i2 u! ]) @/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, * k% e; g S* z3 p
using our own character buffer */ ; N- J l' Z' D
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0) 9 w$ w4 ]2 D' Y. A! o+ z: v3 r
printf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
- N$ N' n8 s. Selse
) _/ M, y0 t( Y F; ]. bprintf("buffer set up for input file\n"); ' z2 F- r% K% q- [! q! @
/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that & I8 C: l% D1 R2 e ]6 b
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
/ ^- E5 w& `4 J8 p# ~: yif (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) ' V; @9 G! y! l! f, ~
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); L. I( p! R& a; |: q
else
$ U) V( \* h6 V$ f" s( Rprintf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 
7 J# V p: ~, Q2 d& u7 \ D3 T/* perform file I/O here */ ' W$ v! s* W, |" {2 q: t/ R
/* close files */ 0 \( \6 O7 A3 k2 X6 O! z7 T
fclose(input); & P6 N; Z/ X3 I$ @! [9 q
fclose(output); ; `7 ~% S& L- H4 ^. j
return 0;
1 k6 [% V' P4 p% q}
: [, r/ U7 m. p) [. |& P, w
7 W! B1 P' n6 I1 [. m
. f5 l! F$ v; a1 h* a
& Y* T9 y: ^8 ]1 }9 X函数名: setvect 1 I) G( F# Y. X
功能: 设置中断矢量入口 ; Q \- I/ D. @. N0 \' S" o7 t4 g
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
4 I2 n* ?" p, z* K; s程序例: / c J4 h7 l6 X
/***NOTE: ) ~' t8 F& ?6 i6 D
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this * |5 j' T0 j x7 S
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable
: G( f8 x" o+ c3 ^* T6 V: i8 wfile which will operate correctly. */ 
# J! C8 C; N# l1 k& G" d#include <STDIO.H>
 ]- {0 ^7 B: T c- w- P7 q8 N; T#include <DOS.H>- G# s5 m: Q% u1 I6 Q
#include <CONIO.H>
# M4 L, L7 z d# x. f( }! c* c#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
8 I, W, o1 ]# g8 T9 Ivoid interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
* v H' A; g: `9 j% B3 Uint count=0; 4 S! F/ g9 }6 f& W3 g
void interrupt handler(void) / y5 n+ |( f7 O- `3 v6 k6 ^
{ / N6 @4 R- b% N' z a; b$ }
/* increase the global counter */
1 x+ J- ^' [6 N8 y% ~count++; 
7 X8 M7 ?1 X- ?7 D, S+ K" F9 t4 R/* call the old routine */
 G L, d, i$ F9 f: j+ p9 b! a5 voldhandler();
& }5 F( v. l( c} - n/ l6 g( @' u3 A; q+ O
int main(void) ' V2 |. W! @, N
{
( E( F4 D8 _# V/* save the old interrupt vector */ y y: E( e) L; f
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 
' B. y6 ]1 u/ \7 j/* install the new interrupt handler */
 T- ^% \# \/ B3 Nsetvect(INTR, handler); 
- j' L+ Y& X9 h/ \9 K0 }% U/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */ ) m y6 j3 B" ^1 Y+ d9 a. f
while (count < 20) 3 y& [0 c0 @: }" Q0 H; L
printf("count is %d\n",count); " O1 S/ ]. y6 `& x% @5 p9 }
/* reset the old interrupt handler */ 6 N3 ^ ^6 |$ m1 {* y
setvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
/ B5 e2 L& \2 Greturn 0;
. X" Q+ S( W9 {0 D' _' }; a}
) E7 Q' E8 i" X; q1 P+ T
/ A! c; P) g5 M: a7 o" e/ I( W8 _& ?1 k- s) J# C6 T
函数名: setverify " {! n3 Y( I( j& ]; F% W4 Y
功能: 设置验证状态 ; J# ]% y1 F- V. E. t% \9 d
用法: void setverify(int value);
' e! K: k" b/ ?1 d+ o0 p' i4 d程序例: 
7 w) i# u8 g# E4 J; K" D#include <STDIO.H>
/ N( R- q9 j) G/ I#include <CONIO.H>
- {/ w' {: W7 W+ P#include <DOS.H>
, W* j7 o( S% f$ @8 j. Sint main(void) 2 }# g# R$ b2 @0 e8 w, N, i/ A
{
8 E" e7 l* t0 d$ L. Qint verify_flag; . Q( K( W: p% m+ U; W
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
& c' p9 ^- a" V l: S/ B j0 I2 iprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 
, z. _" m' Q" D: B8 Dverify_flag = getch() - 0; 
- D: B+ B0 v o [- I- u, Ysetverify(verify_flag); 
$ E+ t5 J0 U6 Q* Bif (getverify())
 d* J' {! m9 S5 u# X- i/ Z2 uprintf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
$ f$ f; }" | m$ w2 Celse
: Y. ]! h" }! ]. s8 oprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
* u0 ]' z- x. k; Nreturn 0; $ K8 o% l# H- \9 g6 t
} 2 P+ V7 ^/ H- x2 a0 Z' e2 ~

8 ?# _7 u5 x- ?8 U- n
+ g8 y& T g( B7 V5 O) B函数名: setviewport 
0 Q2 V" E$ }# q) @7 ?% \3 w功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口
9 q& e0 R$ A6 ?4 ~ Z+ C, b用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
; t- K9 i2 Q8 W) _4 eint bottom, int clipflag);
: q* L1 W* T N" m9 l/ p0 B6 p程序例: : ]$ k7 N1 E& \. ]* J% I( n! t2 R
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
0 o$ _3 V& Q, }8 X; b! s2 C' H#include <STDLIB.H>
0 d. w' K5 Q# A4 p/ l5 f" v7 J i#include <STDIO.H>2 A" @/ j0 Q9 O' m R$ d
#include <CONIO.H>1 r1 `3 H% k* X1 y6 |+ V/ L" o& g
#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
 x4 W( }6 w& a% H9 o- L/ vint main(void) ! P$ h2 p* l* l( j: Q( k4 C: M; G7 F
{
0 H( R" T$ r4 w8 E N8 H: g/* request auto detection */ , `3 G* R9 f) ]# C: ^
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
5 a: {- G3 X+ N+ i$ `+ W/* initialize graphics and local variables */
4 m: |/ N, K/ N, }* hinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
 u: ~- `; u; ~( J; {1 M/* read result of initialization */
* \* M$ i' f0 q: u) }, zerrorcode = graphresult();
8 |, ]7 v: ?8 g- ^if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
' {7 `8 R5 w' U/ M6 Q# K. i{
0 |# l3 Y: K) H, jprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); # C+ Y0 i, R; I" @0 A* X
printf("Press any key to halt:");
8 Z" E2 E" W5 {- L& ^" ggetch(); Q! t; @, w9 `/ m. P! [$ }. i! D
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ . i* f& H; g0 y. F, C- \$ k7 ]& v
} ( p$ G; |5 p4 ^6 n5 G7 I' k
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 6 j5 h; V9 P) f; g* T3 f
/* message in default full-screen viewport */
+ S+ A" R P2 W8 R: B) y0 ]2 Bouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
% b9 O5 m: N6 h8 V6 }6 w4 C% a+ p( S/* create a smaller viewport */ ! o* v% z, n8 X; A& S c3 K
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
 u/ V4 u/ ^3 s$ Z/* display some text */ 5 K3 F2 y# l* u7 _" [# e
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 
8 Q+ p. z1 ^' i( D/* clean up */
 y: E, o. j4 C7 Pgetch();
" ~. g1 s) s3 T& Qclosegraph(); * D. ]- }( a/ K9 b
return 0;
4 C3 H7 v" q3 V0 d; a( q* F- K} & a% V) U; q6 b6 e" D% u* h1 U& N

0 P5 [: F% e' I0 ?) r& v3 H5 d) c6 R: k. U1 _6 ^! g
函数名: setvisualpage + y4 n. u4 Z0 ^8 I
功能: 设置可见图形页号
: v/ u" E3 Q. i- @" T( T用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); / @6 n2 z/ h9 }% R Z# V& U
程序例: " X$ ^. N* b2 k- O. t
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
- i1 M+ q6 y; K/ r' k. A#include <STDLIB.H>/ h3 q3 @ }: B. V1 {* g% h/ w
#include <STDIO.H>8 j$ l5 C/ [8 g* Q" Y( x
#include <CONIO.H>- _+ b* x; u6 j* @! y
int main(void) $ P7 p8 Z# ^6 G9 s2 [/ ~# T! T ~
{
. c! O( q% K# D/ ~! [/* select a driver and mode that supports */ , a. {1 l8 w+ ]6 ^ T. s
/* multiple pages. */ # z* e2 D" v2 v% W, ]" Y1 t
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; 4 a* y& p" n% @. A- J
int x, y, ht; % x' g$ j. ?4 i( a2 s4 T
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 7 V4 g% p+ J* S0 E" L5 t- Y3 u6 M
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
 \5 [2 t7 ]. ]; U2 X2 k! j. Q/* read result of initialization */ / F$ n% R' D' E
errorcode = graphresult();
8 y) n7 H5 H7 vif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
% l& s& L7 w6 k( F5 \. Z{ , Q2 t$ |2 K. S) ^1 J; A9 R
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
 M. [! y# t l' Sprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 2 ?9 n, q3 E0 B" [1 l* ~
getch(); & A) g8 s. b1 M! K: Y1 l0 L8 i
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
; D# u, p# z# X7 j6 y5 I} ' N) a$ _0 [0 O# u
x = getmaxx() / 2;
! _0 z5 x9 M) m6 xy = getmaxy() / 2;
3 x; b0 W- P: ght = textheight("W"); 
) K. j/ C4 i4 {# M7 |5 l5 X/* select the off screen page for drawing */
% Y/ g5 u* o! i9 e( S/ S$ t: ` Rsetactivepage(1); # g$ j9 q3 {9 Y
/* draw a line on page #1 */
2 S, B; S9 K. X) ^- `- Sline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); * `% D! c. b* _0 W; [1 i
/* output a message on page #1 */ $ m% h1 e0 W" e$ Z, [) i/ l [
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 6 }, E) m* h, T! s
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
; U& B- O5 i1 z5 U+ @outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 7 k$ i( @& |2 c) B1 @% a% Z
/* select drawing to page #0 */ . N# J6 }2 p4 D% b
setactivepage(0); 
- E3 R) w& b3 T) A$ y/* output a message on page #0 */ 9 Q3 p l5 q; g6 |8 H# j
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
: @8 H: Z" o, ]9 B/ j8 Iouttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); $ u) ^$ a4 s3 M7 w% D1 F( Q
getch(); 
. e! H' b( R6 m( |# u, M+ p$ L6 k8 q/* select page #1 as the visible page */ 4 E9 M2 V) H: w C
setvisualpage(1); 
0 k# a* N7 Y' z/* clean up */
4 f/ u+ T) b/ A" C: T0 [. W# y9 n. ^getch();
, ^* f9 E4 Y t! Iclosegraph();
! l/ |6 T0 e0 K- g" {return 0;
. z) d( w( G% G z( T} 
( s* c1 Y4 q/ {: t1 l) i+ H5 i/ f1 E. p5 W/ B; D1 ]. D7 r
7 _" J! i0 z4 I3 w6 \. h) y
函数名: setwritemode 
6 R. C7 b1 P: J2 |8 `" `功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 & C4 Z1 P. Q, f" s. N' n, f; R
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); 5 a' e; H# [ ]" D
程序例: 
2 n, g0 P; E& k#include <GRAPHICS.H>
6 Y" [' n: e }# C5 l7 V#include <STDLIB.H>
: P0 Y+ k6 S1 i, m9 c2 P#include <STDIO.H>$ C( c6 k. w' e
#include <CONIO.H>
1 z# e6 S: C3 y- K G. O! F* G0 nint main() ) [$ E8 `( |2 F/ A
{ ( C* M j/ p' E' [
/* request auto detection */ * w; Y, X" U# \ X& F
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
% X. E( ^6 C) J# yint xmax, ymax; " D6 M2 j& q+ s8 {' R" O
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
! w7 }7 G. I0 f4 a" ^6 X% u, B3 Minitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
; o4 R- o7 z9 ]9 m/* read result of initialization */ 8 i9 I4 Q3 a0 ^8 z( m
errorcode = graphresult(); 9 u* @+ `1 A& X$ ~+ B" A7 z$ a
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
/ _5 H& p0 M4 L) n1 ~& T{
; H( ^+ ^ K5 Z- q% n, p a# uprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
* D* Z6 D- U& D+ l5 Z: r6 fprintf("Press any key to halt:"); . ^ I# `# n" S' k: p+ ?5 r
getch();
8 Q2 W# [! l/ x! r' ~- wexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
9 g2 O1 r7 X* {# @- Z1 ^# U' k) a} 
4 e& z6 `% X4 `% { {6 Pxmax = getmaxx(); 9 x8 H- X8 U( A: U2 u! e
ymax = getmaxy(); " S$ @) d( }1 e) i' D, a
/* select XOR drawing mode */ 8 {* A3 [( r8 Z; `1 N! `, D! h
setwritemode(XOR_PUT); " y1 x" v0 G/ s2 D. s4 r4 V" |; c( e8 m
/* draw a line */
) @8 z# {) b! O' i+ ^. N3 Lline(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
; T2 }$ X" ^& Hgetch(); 
7 ?) V6 y* K |6 F' y' |. N5 i/* erase the line by drawing over it */
' z7 @) q% ^' C# {6 j3 uline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); % l# J+ E4 N! T% X* |9 ~
getch(); 
8 V' p- Y {& K- H/* select overwrite drawing mode */ O. p2 r3 J1 E! L w v5 s8 ~) I6 t* [
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); 2 {5 S; W+ K' ^' P" A, H3 t9 {/ U! N* o
/* draw a line */ 9 h! T: H. T# l
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); , z* P) |$ E8 Y7 l: S; e
/* clean up */ ) M# q, U# a8 t: i: B+ {( \6 k
getch(); 4 o! ^6 X% X6 q: C
closegraph(); / Y* h: u$ r0 I8 B: Q- E( }
return 0; * P+ J* n- p' b/ I- }1 C2 |
}
$ D' n! X' B" n0 z7 v% U
% n* P# ^ J$ l+ l( X
1 T$ I& }* h7 t* I$ U函数名: signal : l$ Q% D- A7 _' h: b/ K5 q
功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 6 v l) W o$ H) |/ l# ]
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
9 R* N3 m% v: d! d% E程序例: 7 Q# I1 i+ K( z3 O! s
/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE, : n3 J4 |! Q8 S# v
catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment . Q( U7 X+ `" k% |1 Y
to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause - Q" Z! w' g7 u4 C j: w
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors ! d/ t4 L) q% \
depending on which memory model is used. / b+ h7 K: i# Q" c! b# a
*/ 8 X5 @, e' A2 P0 \/ Z$ y
#pragma inline
# g6 Y2 T) _# @3 g& k#include <STDIO.H>- m+ m7 Q8 t) h% G
#include <SIGNAL.H>; u- B1 d( O9 q) |( \7 I' x) p
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
* n: j% j( U( x1 u{ ! h4 \) }8 K. j/ v/ Q' p) R
printf("Caught it!\n");
% S1 s0 y+ M% m8 @# Q0 i% q9 D*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ ' n3 A4 e( x$ x9 p
} . p& T0 s& Y7 } o' D
int main(void)
2 h$ f' P9 @; [; |# s1 Y{
) c4 J: y; R# \4 K; dsignal(SIGFPE, Catcher); 0 q% `3 J' [! {/ \; i- U
asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
& D2 H; }4 k8 Y- v6 D, kasm inc ax /* cause overflow */ $ m9 }3 h/ [$ X* F0 m. h! M- U1 w
asm into /* activate handler */ 
; M! W% s9 q, p/ R( H5 T/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, 9 \. `9 h O: c$ u; y8 G3 v
there would have been another exception when the next 'into'
) L" f6 v1 M/ u7 ^" b: q( |" kwas executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ 5 o4 M, ?5 ]9 d
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
! Q9 B7 U8 j# x5 {# {6 Dasm into /* doesn't activate */ 5 Z2 P/ L* [' D2 V
return 0; * E9 B$ |4 Y7 |& r/ q$ A* d
} . z q" X9 N' W8 c0 _

& N3 _. @1 q: c( ?
' u; R- P* @" b8 U% Q: ~( `, w% o* w. l8 S* J. M
函数名: sin # f- r, ~, X( ~3 _8 l
功能: 正弦函数 7 s8 M3 [1 Y7 V
用法: double sin(double x); 2 M+ |( {( b7 ]: Q
程序例: # L( Y% z* X( `. U
#include <STDIO.H>
, _# g3 e" x& w! y#include <MATH.H>
4 q; K x3 t9 f- ~! M! J% v3 Gint main(void) ) @* R9 p: I0 \+ O# Q( ?
{
0 X: I$ W% h% `. jdouble result, x = 0.5; 8 b2 W$ U# S& f8 r$ g8 |- P
result = sin(x); 4 m4 `* {# S3 L- A* A
printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 7 t& S% @) B5 q% \4 z
return 0;
* f- n; d9 K6 C' x! V}
6 E& D( T- }& _1 L: X @% W! j1 {. _$ S; e% N$ F) n; Y6 y1 e& k+ y

7 p. Q' |4 g c3 }. l函数名: sinh : E0 e' j' ^: X6 U
功能: 双曲正弦函数
5 `( L4 e$ _/ y& I9 T+ q, w+ W用法: double sinh(double x); & G% {% q% m" K( E, c3 d
程序例: 
* ~' P- ^3 D4 Z+ h1 P#include <STDIO.H>4 X0 k2 [9 \2 M9 z/ r$ A! J
#include <MATH.H>
' C, D8 V! e# Kint main(void)
& ]- ~" X. }; g0 ]6 Y( U. i{ / E7 g- l% _. U- r4 } l; u) ]3 _- C
double result, x = 0.5; + C) o/ U% L( t! u8 F2 j
result = sinh(x);
6 s/ B, N5 M( X5 n U$ M, G) Hprintf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 9 s N) A' ~2 S6 _! c' Z
return 0; & F5 Z8 a( b: Q0 O+ `0 H3 x' r
} 3 h0 W. K6 d* S- w/ {) C1 e# n- r
% e" e ?! K; x) m1 n+ [6 N! Q9 ^

3 s) Q8 p' T# @. U# v' C8 y- R# \5 k/ u$ [8 A3 `" ^
函数名: sleep 
 p4 c8 ?- ]$ {* v0 u6 J功能: 执行挂起一段时间
8 c6 N" z$ u* g x+ w' a+ I/ t用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
0 E) e7 z, g o& S9 ?程序例: 
' [. B$ B5 p7 A0 z#include <DOS.H>$ ^( g6 E9 o; d' \
#include <STDIO.H>
& r# [9 w5 Z2 N- B2 d# bint main(void) / F: L( h2 i2 [& O
{ - x: l/ l! Q: ?$ y( g2 C$ Q+ i
int i; . C8 ^6 B# x. R( p# b/ O
for (i=1; i<5; i++)
% m& P5 }9 x J6 `{
5 g3 D+ S* M! u( M0 n# `9 oprintf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); - a1 f$ t8 T" g0 a. z" O* @
sleep(i);
+ Z# |' a' D9 l4 V, N3 }. d6 S}
. r* h8 |+ p9 ]) l- O8 [return 0;
0 F+ e' _. n1 ?1 e0 Q% p}
4 O8 `3 E# B+ r% { h/ c5 E0 n; W3 I/ i& @6 R1 H0 R
8 |) d- w" ^; }' t9 `- c

$ T& t, h f& G8 H. j函数名: sopen 3 x3 {# y- ^5 a
功能: 打开一共享文件
/ D' |. g8 W8 [" H+ P* y x3 k用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); : z2 E' i1 E$ }* j: j: P
程序例: 
6 J7 g8 D0 C$ u+ @ b* H- u& z3 v- x#include <IO.H>
6 L, G6 l# F% W! t1 N#include <FCNTL.H>
3 I3 J+ l$ ~: I! q. R! k$ M#include <SYS\STAT.H>1 _5 z' }( ]4 n. B- W! k
#include <PROCESS.H>
8 k" Z D+ Q' a; y- p#include <SHARE.H>
( ~# J" W' v0 y& h#include <STDIO.H>) M+ T- e; w1 W: y0 _
int main(void)
. n2 t& R5 ^. L6 b# ]{ 1 S2 p( }5 u+ p' \' c" }. w' h
int handle;
. R) u0 W# y# S" e. q1 ^7 Bint status; 8 G$ \8 r: v6 @8 u& r
handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 
+ [4 |, [+ I! A" f+ j7 oif (!handle) ! H: @+ d) k% F' @
{
2 W' Q0 o0 i8 ^7 t* Fprintf("sopen failed\n"); 6 E- y/ s! _' H# O
exit(1);
4 E1 R0 x0 u* n5 ^} 
5 J5 H' j n( M( X, h3 F2 jstatus = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6); # |8 X' t2 E8 c# j
if (status == 0)
8 {0 |5 I a5 C: X& W% Sprintf("read/write access allowed\n");
, i4 _( R! f, G* f# [; B8 d( felse
4 p6 T6 o, e, ]7 K: i9 S/ eprintf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
1 h! X( R6 [! gclose(handle);
2 K& ^: j& S/ V: B9 hreturn 0;
- z9 O/ f: [% r4 K2 J: W}
+ c8 D( }$ o3 a7 }- q$ ~/ ~) _: W; d, B8 \* t
# G" }3 [1 Q$ c

) W7 U9 t* c9 S函数名: sound 
4 b* [# h! ?2 F& G* t# _功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
: _( Y9 Q+ V3 W% b: {+ Z$ D用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
' c, `) X& }, Z" a6 U程序例: 
+ i C! O) T) Q/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds.
5 U3 ? g; _2 }7 d. v2 BYour PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ " a! P6 E8 e; N; ^1 r
#include <DOS.H>6 M/ d% I0 {! f8 L O7 G3 M
int main(void)
" }$ j4 J8 y# t7 E9 n{
6 }! B5 c7 M7 i* K3 wsound(7);
 {- X* z* T2 L( mdelay(10000); - e& l: G- N( H# g8 o/ F% j7 o! d8 U
nosound(); 2 D+ b5 i, r' L, X7 ~
return 0; : M/ U' F& q% z4 \! H
} 
& G4 d6 H3 w6 |# w* Z( [, a3 i9 `1 ^6 N

0 l$ U7 l: c5 z1 v" Q1 z/ E; X4 O; a
6 T( ?$ }0 ?5 k' `+ ` s% Y+ r) t8 b函数名: spawnl # g$ D6 w( U7 S1 k$ {5 P
功能: 创建并运行子程序
1 p' E% |' {! x# _用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 4 f) \5 ~4 _% t8 a
arg1, ... argn, NULL);
: V" H* e$ p& d9 u, a4 u1 t- Z( z6 p! s程序例: 
9 b r5 V7 m o# E! G6 Z# ~#include <PROCESS.H>
: m- Y+ D4 |! W6 ~' C#include <STDIO.H>! h) `! H8 P' k) V, O
#include <CONIO.H>8 K) V# \: r" W% R/ h( y4 h! b% J
int main(void)
: ` U. V! j) z" }: c/ R# W1 z{
3 t+ ], S2 J! w, P# z6 Zint result; 
" Y6 L, [/ M* d' w# |clrscr(); 4 G+ {6 _* p3 ^' c5 q
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); - s+ V6 P+ I. L9 y: B
if (result == -1) & H+ J0 ]/ ^5 \4 A. j5 |( e
{ ) ], R) q) N6 _! z1 m
perror("Error from spawnl"); ! Z; G6 ]/ s7 A; j
exit(1); v" D" \1 C* }
} * F0 J8 U3 j9 j; m
return 0; - z O% }! U7 X: x& ~
}
0 }; [ O. f* S/ \+ R. B* R( |
# t2 Q3 Q: c3 E( _! w+ }" |! z3 ]' F2 q
函数名: spawnle 
$ Y8 ]6 M& e2 @! `* M& d功能: 创建并运行子程序 ; @" v$ m- N; Z J% i4 e) M! W
用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
$ R7 k: L" ]4 f* q$ d7 m varg1,..., argn, NULL); % G- ^) {0 ^) f/ ^# T
程序例: 
! _1 C; o" d! T9 G( i4 N6 ?1 ~/* spawnle() example */ 9 ^' I$ q1 M& N* s" W( V2 M& q
#include <PROCESS.H>6 {" F5 Y7 X8 Q+ E
#include <STDIO.H>
 Q& O2 ~6 P; z M. }# c#include <CONIO.H>. j! M% f9 O$ ~& m2 s
int main(void) 3 J% W- L0 ^, w4 A5 ^
{ - D8 r5 U ]) y4 j
int result; 2 S9 }# y1 `4 O k6 P# F
clrscr();
0 r/ i2 ~$ G- A/ w3 x' D! aresult = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL);
' p. I- `) n4 k. i* ]3 Z' @if (result == -1)
1 X, Z. D: @& W6 ~; U( e; G- V7 H{ 1 r* W9 r9 H8 X8 L: u- s
perror("Error from spawnle");
9 X8 D* S- b! u- w$ ]2 M' l3 p6 f/ jexit(1); ' O; t, z7 W' ?- `9 E& c+ S
} * ^+ P, J7 P3 t, ~9 `3 A
return 0;
' O+ J$ A- s& B9 `: z}
! K3 C5 ]! }8 E
/ J# [2 c' u* e C) [% k# ]; O% ~* g7 g( [

3 r$ F) |& p9 H6 E, ?/ n函数名: sprintf 
* Q& d1 P+ Y1 V, m- r功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中
: T, k; s+ _5 y" ?1 |" {* _3 P用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); 3 y& g8 ]/ o$ ?% Z
程序例: " W5 I' E. G- @6 O$ T
#include <STDIO.H>( i% d* K- K* ^& k9 W, F
#include <MATH.H>5 V, H% b3 S8 _7 ]7 m
int main(void) ! H; b% I7 j' } b4 X, }
{
9 Z4 W( G% N N) A% S1 Fchar buffer[80]; 
( r3 O, k- m5 ?1 csprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
& @9 ~4 w" O( c' u# Vputs(buffer); : o$ o, M8 F1 y8 T- v1 i
return 0;
. v1 _; t1 P8 Q; _0 p. N}
# D) R$ G: A# Y7 O0 E1 F% F
: _" t" o* A3 f+ Y1 p
4 c H) [7 t! ~( I/ H8 e9 I3 I4 U函数名: sqrt 7 K$ Q! t6 k4 j
功能: 计算平方根
+ M) W. F; ]7 s$ F# Y用法: double sqrt(double x); ) E1 c) [0 \) X
程序例: 
! R0 y* W3 h, e' ~+ |- F, h#include <MATH.H>' o. x7 q1 n0 B" H6 I$ _# j+ {
#include <STDIO.H>
 h3 M: n4 x) G8 [: ^int main(void) " d1 }4 ~- L9 a, ~3 X
{ , y+ g* {; e. H5 {) i6 Y
double x = 4.0, result; ' ?1 C5 k2 S; s, c. y
result = sqrt(x);
* g8 b- V; c! mprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
- C- H, w6 X6 ]2 \* H+ sreturn 0;
0 G2 Y4 H; M; f- ~9 y}
. C: c1 v9 j+ P' ?/ Q5 U2 z6 [$ U4 b7 }% `1 J+ T# C$ _
函数名: srand 
( G$ F1 h8 \7 B功能: 初始化随机数发生器
# D2 d I& q! T* I用法: void srand(unsigned seed); 9 E! A5 [8 d5 ?
程序例: 
5 m2 k& c4 X, c9 K. U( d. h#include <STDLIB.H> n' _2 R0 E& n2 K$ N
#include <STDIO.H># G6 x' }! r1 I
#include <TIME.H>: y9 J( p) o, R5 z& X2 H- @; K
int main(void)
0 Z7 w. a4 I; T! H2 x) [# p{ & g9 j8 p( H$ } l o: {
int i; % j& R$ Z/ n! h% f7 K/ z5 [% J
time_t t; 
1 A0 i- a- I* J9 G1 Qsrand((unsigned) time(&t));
 m, ]4 B: `$ h2 w5 F- Q1 s6 ^printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n"); ( t3 M2 _! k* ]( L. z6 r
for(i=0; i<10; i++) / i( l f I4 L1 v
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
2 g, Y$ h5 ?, I( C6 }! ereturn 0; , e. p8 m' [* @0 \# C8 E
}
0 n, Y3 H. |- a! t3 j# D. M8 i$ P" }
' w8 H- K0 H+ r
函数名: sscanf 3 |& p% w* | O) |. ]5 { ?
功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
" N" [+ [/ [/ ~* E用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
. N4 J6 r& R5 g程序例: 
0 W" u# W( T- ^9 N; S% M) D#include <STDIO.H>
/ \1 F; c1 ?( q* ?! i( `: o#include <CONIO.H>0 E3 I* D. z) r2 a5 ~
int main(void)
& |# K) l5 h% J! [' c1 _$ c u{ 6 E2 b6 Z$ R3 ]. x
char label[20];
 i8 D, y% {3 \. L! j8 i5 e! _char name[20];
* o( [' f# ~. Z$ W) B& w% E* Dint entries = 0;
" n0 s4 p1 V j, ~* o, v0 x; Pint loop, age; 5 R6 [, F& c7 i j
double salary; 
- P9 \5 @( m; a) `0 Vstruct Entry_struct $ {+ h6 `$ z( H3 P
{ 4 m. E" a* s/ ^& _# I; C0 F! e
char name[20]; ' q$ F7 e7 c( u M' c1 Q- o
int age; H( b4 e* E1 e! z8 f7 x$ @3 L
float salary;
8 D, e! P* o, Q$ @7 g; ^} entry[20]; , N( Y1 G5 O8 p% ]/ `
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
& V9 r% O' u/ k; h* r& c. yprintf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
6 k' U8 W u4 s+ H1 l7 {" p' ascanf("%20s", label); : p% H1 j8 X0 d* R( c
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ( h6 |8 K, Q, C# R9 F8 t+ z$ |5 ~4 F- G( f
/* Input number of entries as an integer */
* d7 w! x9 E$ M9 Yprintf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
$ y2 n8 N6 G4 \% T6 K0 d3 D7 {scanf("%d", &entries);
8 z1 T+ T: {* jfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
3 v1 G3 r/ ~$ N' e. g' e/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ 4 @+ b0 f3 q" \
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) * m# o4 L7 j2 a
{ ) {8 `) C% Q! E# r3 e: Z7 @
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
$ b2 x5 [3 Y0 U( s# |( ^printf(" Name : ");
, b8 W2 P% ~4 Q9 o# Q) A3 escanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
# l3 d1 w- L2 Y9 xfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ $ I$ d6 v; h" ~, n. Y# p
/* input an age as an integer */
: U/ U0 W$ a9 ~- P0 ~$ Cprintf(" Age : "); # |6 G. {: v$ P' |
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); - i+ D1 k. S% T8 }& S# a( q
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
) s0 g3 `. b2 N q' E9 l/* input a salary as a float */
3 i; a$ T& W+ j n/ Q8 W7 Cprintf(" Salary : ");
/ S, ^# t; H: {5 z9 u9 P# F3 yscanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary); " Q5 w( a0 a3 K& Z9 J! z, a' c3 @
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
) a2 Y5 p' ~, k* q+ a) q0 |} 
0 I) S: q7 K) ]- O2 `1 R! Q/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ ) U9 x3 W2 }. @9 G, k
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
0 U' u; p0 }* x" }scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);
- ?3 Y% [1 @; Z' B" x: ?$ C/ c4 K5 g4 Q" s" o+ J* S o
/* Print out the data that was input */ . ^9 H& S8 J9 B2 i& B1 \
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
4 j8 ?$ N& a9 L6 a# Uprintf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary); + w, }& ?! v) |+ g+ W- M
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
" S4 l' B) r% w* e. q! y2 {* xfor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) " T. A# r* |7 ]1 Y
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
" f9 Z9 {# m( X$ X* }- Z6 kloop + 1,
; w5 L& s, G2 v- ~/ l1 q0 R, K4 Qentry[loop].name, + k4 y- g; l T& }; ?
entry[loop].age, 0 ]: S0 ~$ B! j9 {; ^& b) C9 x/ a
entry[loop].salary);
& S0 K3 ?" T2 ~3 d- cprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 4 M6 u, \( w$ I0 H3 y/ ]6 ^. c
return 0;
" d0 c$ S/ b7 X}
- H7 k; a# \7 M! E9 l
& g" e8 ]" m5 c! m1 L# [* Y3 z
7 r* a9 D8 u+ Q0 A函数名: stat 
# p4 q7 [1 ], p9 w" h8 v1 k; t: }: E功能: 读取打开文件信息
0 X; E+ z7 R8 l4 S用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); 0 y6 \2 |1 \7 s7 ?6 T
程序例: . q* D% l) L! u
#include <SYS\STAT.H>5 j$ e/ c" q7 w% q, S5 [' t4 ?# b
#include <STDIO.H>- @6 Y& B2 v" y" \3 o: q2 o7 E
#include <TIME.H>* Y- u$ M I. i8 {2 Q6 r8 o
#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" , K1 X9 C4 j' t. c( K$ l% u
int main(void)
3 r+ y. c$ g0 N; e% ]( r" O, I{
& j" E6 K- N# s8 L# ustruct stat statbuf;
3 j8 r. j0 }- u* Q# c6 A* }FILE *stream; 
6 j3 h& O( n( X: E, M/* open a file for update */ 1 N; O- s. n2 \4 a. P. r0 E
if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL)
) p% l: ~" A+ @2 J% S/ z, ?$ n- h{ # |1 x/ z# h w$ _6 S
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
 c( [6 Z% e! c ^: p) T" Ureturn(1);
9 n+ N) F2 r+ V6 u. a; I} 
9 f/ t' t% E( F" p/* get information about the file */
2 j$ o% n( u; B# B, k) k$ S2 G3 Pstat(FILENAME, &statbuf); # ?6 S6 p& y7 q9 b; n
fclose(stream); 5 j E8 g( L' a/ e6 O
/* display the information returned */
. F, W$ `9 |9 I$ i8 uif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) 3 S. t7 m' e. Z3 [, c4 G X
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); ( ]0 w6 r6 h/ q: Q7 v& h
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
+ i6 L1 {/ a9 k- ^# L; Aprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); + F N$ F- s1 T: \( u& U; i+ [
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) , u9 j6 m2 M- u6 A: ^6 L% Z
printf("User has read permission on file.\n");
% y9 u O% X; `if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE) 6 b9 M. s) t- R% l0 q, D
printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 0 U, N" Q' r- `/ ~
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
" O; G4 K5 |# x/ gprintf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size);
# i: |9 x7 N) _1 E" l/ ~; ]printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
$ E9 f( c: H/ Xreturn 0;
7 D6 p$ W! s# p8 Q. h, ?}
# _+ g8 d1 y% l/ N
5 j* D/ H' c( H0 J( y4 |, d0 `; @4 R* G- ]+ Y2 ^

6 V. ]9 D! M6 j8 u; |: _' u! Q- ^4 g函数名: _status87 $ D8 S" V3 _$ L8 `6 x9 H( X
功能: 取浮点状态 0 o# E) T8 |2 h! w/ U5 y
用法: unsigned int _status87(void); 5 t; u9 ~9 F7 a0 L
程序例: 
& ]: e z J8 u+ C#include <STDIO.H>
; a( _' E% }2 x% f: Q#include <FLOAT.H>
0 Z/ k' O3 u0 b& ~/ k' Wint main(void)
 H6 Y2 n p4 V" ]3 s% O# C1 ?{ - w; K1 c; `' }$ v
float x;
- w" u) g/ o9 [/ {0 I: U+ r' pdouble y = 1.5e-100; 0 R+ Y! E/ _1 ?% a; h; S9 I
printf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); ( D/ c9 P) D. Q) c
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */ ; W M) f, g; T
y = x; 
# l1 C3 x' }) `4 \# L% U- _! pprintf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); - y( x3 a+ Q- Z1 q4 Z
return 0;
4 J0 n- d2 l ` e}
- s/ C: g. t/ I) r( q: d$ Y3 a' F

; ]; {7 d) [" o! ~函数名: stime 
8 d/ A2 P; X" T* s3 e% y功能: 设置时间
) Q/ O" q) b- v; P. w( H用法: int stime(long *tp);
% p- {4 _. W9 g程序例: 
2 |: T5 H* x0 ]" q#include <STDIO.H>* o4 c* Q. s$ ?3 j; v$ g
#include <TIME.H>5 `: l" e) j2 p; w1 w
#include <DOS.H># y6 N# S" C! V8 i; J4 P9 i
int main(void)
& q0 [- G w" |% o. S{ 9 M5 Y! L) G9 ]
time_t t;
6 K. F6 c8 w- {/ ^' l3 L& ystruct tm *area; & V! w& ]! Z+ n3 [7 G( `
t = time(NULL); * w+ r `) h# ]" a% B
area = localtime(&t); # Y& |6 G' L$ {+ { m
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t);
6 u, M5 X3 O' v! q' G% J7 w" l+ u( i, dprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
9 }4 B' }, J1 t& n0 q" c5 Qt++;
& K: Z+ \, ^/ j5 Jarea = localtime(&t);
# n" I$ U% D8 H) Eprintf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 
3 o0 ?0 v- w% G+ l, C) J Ot += 60;
1 Q, \! D5 m+ a( J/ Z3 Y tarea = localtime(&t); - ?; i. U6 X* M+ R
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 
) X. p/ X+ g$ J- q9 I+ pt += 3600;
+ w' z! P6 p; P& oarea = localtime(&t);
9 a3 A! Y8 m2 G. a1 ?. I$ }- Pprintf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 
5 b( Z0 |$ N: _; c. Pt += 86400L;
/ A1 M# B; h6 A) Z2 Rarea = localtime(&t); # @# e& d( p$ @. l% N0 h
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 
' {4 @' y% l# d. B5 P/ j/ Ht += 2592000L;
9 Q) f+ P2 R- @+ ~) x# yarea = localtime(&t); 6 z% }1 j) L& {9 f+ S; e" H9 k
printf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 
/ \* {) c3 s! p9 Z( U( |" Nt += 31536000L; 6 F3 n4 C5 G$ y
area = localtime(&t); 0 _6 d2 t% W# i [
printf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); $ n& R* y5 m1 C! X
return 0; 1 z- u6 I' ], P. m
} 
& f ^, B6 T6 }" A" T8 ?: l, q! }8 j# \, Z3 g, w! F+ o
; B% H8 n: `! r$ U* v, O

; r' C; A; O( I) I& d函数名: stpcpy $ U) V# T9 W8 i4 }
功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 ; k0 b- r" `8 v
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
& X @* g2 g& s% a+ i1 b" M程序例: 8 B& ^' x1 u% \
#include <STDIO.H>
/ }9 p- I7 a2 l$ p8 d#include <STRING.H>
, |3 g, @# J, sint main(void)
& G/ @& B% j& M& ^; Q4 V{
: C3 S( k L/ u+ _& Bchar string[10]; 5 T0 Y: z+ P9 p( b2 r8 C: j0 z
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
+ O, A& s7 I( ^+ ?/ v8 A/ Z: Lstpcpy(string, str1);
1 r' B- L {1 o) h3 Z0 n7 s, _printf("%s\n", string); ! a0 A: @+ M- u: c/ v0 }) H2 `) l
return 0;
- J" v h- L2 @+ j# o/ n t# W} 6 k* a& B- T! ~; x: i
( x9 |+ v s& A9 u
4 Q4 E2 }4 I" h! e3 M/ X& o
) ?3 `2 O5 c/ m( B
函数名: strcat |6 M z2 m) M, W3 C
功能: 字符串拼接函数 , N- W6 W: C" E7 R6 M8 J1 f
用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); 7 _% ?# B+ z* r( E# S% H$ O' t
程序例: 
& s _7 |9 t g( ]- [#include <STRING.H>
' Z* j: u# R; y#include <STDIO.H>
3 f; ?8 d- s- U( j, L8 @int main(void) + j2 B# S& a: e
{ . q, J9 U& R+ w
char destination[25]; ' x( k- W3 U1 P: C
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
% h9 @7 C8 r* T4 U- B% g/ hstrcpy(destination, Borland);
1 U2 H9 Q# Y7 ^0 D) O5 I0 tstrcat(destination, blank); & }/ E5 u+ y/ x+ X
strcat(destination, c); 7 M8 s6 i C u% m9 F
printf("%s\n", destination); 5 [) L! ], ~2 I2 f" e$ ?
return 0; . N6 J3 `7 Q9 F9 r7 Z: z4 y/ G6 z' l
} 3 d9 k& \) \6 G$ b9 W/ C0 E

3 y' H- D# B% J
. R2 @* H6 |) `. G
2 C8 T( Y7 o! b- z/ A# E函数名: strchr # x. c0 H, S3 S6 x" R
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ # Z+ _- N( P# m. q
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); * W$ N8 u2 m0 }4 |. X7 S6 K/ x% H: B
程序例: 
1 Z3 }: x( o ^/ ]2 ^& Q. }#include <STRING.H>, ^5 W8 p e" w6 A0 o" N+ _6 Q
#include <STDIO.H>
0 Z+ H+ n) R( d5 a! uint main(void) 1 ?8 e& U# _4 w' l8 B
{
8 O! `+ b0 J) c( O6 A+ gchar string[15];
- `3 |, t' I d2 I5 qchar *ptr, c = 'r'; / V; o0 d4 S! d7 l
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
# F( c) }1 ?4 N% E. q% }8 c4 }ptr = strchr(string, c); , w8 }1 y: x m5 r5 C
if (ptr)
/ V Q" @4 q0 N2 N Mprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
) [& I- T4 d8 d: ^* h$ M$ zelse
6 d; H) T2 x, }, g1 R1 h- g4 h+ Aprintf("The character was not found\n"); 2 h% j9 e& N: L" U* Q
return 0; - ^9 n2 A9 A4 e2 I) R! Z
}
/ p; e$ f1 @. h4 ^' K
8 Y! U& d7 [ {4 e q c, ?) E

, @, D1 Y2 r+ T# ]# ]' ~函数名: strcmp ' g% L2 v2 O5 a) W
功能: 串比较 0 D- h# L* t M# o
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); # ^# a# [2 X- f& n1 r- b
程序例: 
1 u+ ~% e9 @& Y& f#include <STRING.H>
 [% |1 o* `% g7 x#include <STDIO.H>
- u, p4 G- ~* Y z8 X, [3 p9 V9 t) Nint main(void)
* u* M6 m( ^$ b/ s# t* `) a{
0 s6 y( h/ K" ^: Cchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; 2 a; \$ a3 L! k0 b! V. }8 ~
int ptr; 4 f: x, y2 I; A: x2 K
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
# m& Q( B. q* q( H6 Eif (ptr > 0)
7 d* Y$ z: J- z: g. e3 Oprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 5 k0 }( e9 o' W& m- Z
else
/ U' [9 J5 J+ L Qprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ' R V* G) K6 u9 v
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); 4 c7 w$ I. I0 `$ J6 F6 W
if (ptr > 0)
( ?4 U8 o, d7 ?/ i; o4 Dprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
. a: _0 H) X/ Q! A3 S1 Gelse 2 ]) o- z1 e1 P' W% l4 p2 m, m0 v
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
7 V8 m. t8 Z dreturn 0;
% m! q- b j5 B/ B$ |% i} 0 f7 V$ c, F# x, w5 G: C
7 g R0 [ J3 V3 H8 d- A

3 \% F1 z: W# F+ Z! R2 L8 Q# M3 C7 _9 ~* h Z. \
函数名: strncmpi 
5 K4 F& o) ^4 F$ z功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 ; \1 ?2 h$ t% v; D& Z1 X7 \
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 0 c( u+ Q/ @3 q- t
程序例: 4 f3 p. Q4 J8 D6 y) D5 Q
#include <STRING.H>6 R& H) R V% a8 Z
#include <STDIO.H>) o9 h8 K/ t. T' V- I% W2 C
int main(void)
. o; ^* k h3 G7 n' y: D: V{
6 H0 E# p9 F, h' n) jchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; ' f/ P$ f, O% l2 t0 W/ S
int ptr; 
$ q' L! f' O# f- J3 lptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
: w5 e2 t3 Y! q8 G' ^if (ptr > 0)
* z& \0 i# E, ]. ~printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
8 {% |7 j9 t% Y5 H1 aif (ptr < 0) ; a8 L# _: a( g+ v ~* L$ H) b
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); , G" o7 o, C/ B9 f: N' A
if (ptr == 0)
 B/ S* ^6 k& Iprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 0 j6 X7 h: @! o$ W
return 0;
8 q$ K! l+ s0 L |+ C}
; N( q# |3 B; `" v3 p& E& \
 j: M- G- s) v h' Y [6 E
9 c+ j" _- e" J' }, ]/ u: i8 g8 o! X
; u$ `, N$ m0 K" _2 t+ M U7 F函数名: strcpy 
0 Y# d2 y. Y) G3 x功能: 串拷贝
0 ~' W6 N \0 N8 V3 N1 U用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); 2 w% Z1 V$ q# N3 q( c
程序例: 
/ `3 l& M. Y" z, P% C% E#include <STDIO.H>+ V( S! X, R2 U$ T e& a
#include <STRING.H>
3 ?: S; }/ g! c! oint main(void)
# u' M8 V, d1 q: t( R{ $ M1 e; K; W% t
char string[10]; * P6 \) E( H3 w2 h' @
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; . x: B& i; n6 @8 L$ ^
strcpy(string, str1); 4 L2 E5 m, x1 Y* M' e! \0 u
printf("%s\n", string);
" A! t: U7 s' p& treturn 0; u& f) v) W! z0 ~6 J/ i1 [
}
( W1 y$ P; p+ `3 L
5 T! V8 f% |6 o, e
3 L9 E* h% G$ z( K1 U, }( E+ s5 L1 u* q5 W8 S$ e- c; b+ G* Q, v x6 C
函数名: strcspn " I6 M- B @, H, G# ?5 e2 N
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
5 ^" T- A$ G, z' |0 N用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
5 w# d: V; W" W. C: I程序例: ) I# s% R! L. q0 W% M# ?% r. X- E5 u
#include <STDIO.H>
! c S' p4 Z) D( u+ o#include <STRING.H>
* l9 V: V! ~8 G: v# }#include <ALLOC.H>
" K4 I" ]0 [7 A- U6 c( Rint main(void)
) A4 l3 r; d& }- E2 B. g{ ! g/ C2 ^% R# ~) m6 X* s
char *string1 = "1234567890"; ( B" j" ~7 l! j4 @$ J L+ g* g) v+ k
char *string2 = "747DC8";
9 N% Q- G4 a2 n9 l Gint length; 
' u O5 V: K3 A9 {length = strcspn(string1, string2); % n! c% O" |# e
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); + V5 \3 u' F) Z" b: |
return 0; . g, P* y- `/ T3 U; i: ^3 ?- A
}
: ]: _/ Z8 d5 Q0 ^1 O+ G- p: V
& Z3 r6 y' Z1 I; C$ }) x" P& D8 I! ?6 m% f* f+ Z

4 P- q" O: F0 T2 L4 {, M函数名: strdup 
8 c) y6 V+ t: ~' E: m/ p& ^功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处 * w, L& Y$ D% s% C ]* o
用法: char *strdup(char *str); ( ?4 b+ k9 |0 n9 I
程序例: ( t0 |6 e5 z2 m0 E
#include <STDIO.H>2 H R7 @* t# e% X9 t/ {. x# o' O& r
#include <STRING.H>0 J' ~; t7 t5 f
#include <ALLOC.H>; {. f2 J* V# o* {' M5 P, E
int main(void) ^! t" b& F3 ^8 U4 Y+ s0 O
{
2 C. S) }4 W0 bchar *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 
0 n0 U0 m7 v' \dup_str = strdup(string); 1 H, s. L3 ]1 N9 U, K
printf("%s\n", dup_str); 0 B, {5 z' x- _3 o5 l9 L1 ]
free(dup_str); 
' E+ }4 G2 @0 }5 I+ y+ jreturn 0;
+ J9 f& [& V. C7 K, J7 H0 b' E} ' f- d* P- p8 `, h& v" l; ~
7 I' O/ O$ g" L. G; b0 A
% X3 Y) o- C3 M5 j5 T4 ]& L3 a
' {( c3 A0 Z( L, W* y1 ?
函数名: stricmp 
3 Z* f: i; ?0 p! c# t功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
+ V+ C9 ?1 }$ o3 o0 V1 g4 \用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); % U" M0 S0 y I/ h8 z
程序例: 9 c$ Q) W5 O" Z) Q
#include <STRING.H>
# Q) u2 K. J# O& K+ X7 B* r#include <STDIO.H>- e) G( t% q1 G" P7 a" `# q
int main(void) ' i( Q7 C% B) r- y8 ^ }- S2 Y+ c. h
{
) G/ B% i) S* W' o* r, N# Kchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
4 `; d$ e2 ]% w) m4 Aint ptr; ) L% N9 r7 Z" A$ T1 y
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
: [' U! _. S( {+ K; J. @( Bif (ptr > 0)
2 z5 l) M a( d+ Q" Iprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ; } b8 z5 G3 x) o
if (ptr < 0)
; o- O" A4 R( ?2 @* wprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); + c9 w u2 u* S; ?
if (ptr == 0) 6 \) f3 J% e9 [" X
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); X! k G u$ P
return 0; 3 h- s" P# w- u+ V1 @) _9 v
} ) ~/ R6 Z2 T/ A; X, F: f- r6 m
8 j3 x' D" z/ _4 s& x* U0 V
6 P0 E1 c' c0 B# c
函数名: strerror 9 b8 n! r- ], r* V
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 ^* k5 s- F+ T4 n5 I9 e
用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
* v% {# C7 E4 h, b程序例: 6 \- `4 J7 s- U* i4 r, w
#include <STDIO.H>
1 h4 a9 E E$ a' ]8 v8 p/ S8 T0 G#include <ERRNO.H>
4 X6 Z6 S0 b0 Y( [# ^; Sint main(void)
! U* v2 G' w9 u- ^5 H" n{
3 @# b- H9 ^: ?: [: q$ C/ Schar *buffer;
6 ]" l7 x4 \) E. f. e1 ]buffer = strerror(errno);
; f! k. P) G7 @1 s; H: Gprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
8 ~6 {2 w! F& H! l2 D- a5 \return 0; * S6 H# j. G1 i# f
}
0 r/ ~. o( a& g% b' @4 T) ]
( `- s- ]" z# ?% U/ {) m9 X5 j' T+ S) ]; M- B1 u# E: D

$ p4 P" J$ R5 n- M- {& |2 y+ |4 W函数名: strcmpi * g1 y' [: `& Z9 b
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
! ]$ o3 `: t+ i; u* _+ x用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 1 S9 N/ R" w# Q3 A
程序例: 8 _0 n( s5 m6 I( L
#include <STRING.H>8 L8 Y4 P6 M3 r/ k6 E, y
#include <STDIO.H>% @2 j+ W9 H/ F# s# W& ^% z" n
int main(void)
& \4 ?- q+ O& |{
: T1 \. Z) M! {char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 5 ` E" T: z/ m) P$ _! [1 P/ D
int ptr; 
& d8 a- G* a% Y% }6 j' iptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); $ S2 e6 M' u2 x7 C
if (ptr > 0)
3 R2 Q( a' Y4 W& N7 g6 s# Q' |: _+ Aprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 2 U8 M) x9 o, S, x
if (ptr < 0)
 k: Y# l7 T# s D5 Yprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
' H }( A2 _* q1 b4 F' W8 Uif (ptr == 0)
- r! i9 M* Q- u5 x0 bprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 8 q5 T! |" f0 d' T4 P) |
return 0;
& E* L0 ?' U# J% W6 b}
+ r" P; W( \- }% L
$ i9 |9 ~$ i' k. G7 I9 y* M) F0 b
# p; O0 q, u G. q9 T
函数名: strncmp 6 e8 v( e( W8 O' |3 R! |8 w. V
功能: 串比较
4 A( j# p% T3 I用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen); + S& p' [5 A) b
程序例: 
" L7 |& M6 |% Q#include <STRING.H>! U! t. W2 `$ R
#include <STDIO.H>
/ w. B& R5 ?' e; ]' X, c% ]int main(void) 
( m' g: K& o3 `( Z* _+ q& L$ Y{
7 F4 i% @% Q9 o; l* }7 B) Y1 r- Ochar *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
! S- [+ q2 Y0 Vint ptr; 
; j# R" T( a3 b: R t/ Fptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); , |- q! b$ u* j
if (ptr > 0) % ~* Q- ]7 W8 M h( `: o
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); : E% _4 }: e' K( ~' A7 G/ b7 m
else
' f) b8 Y& I5 W0 g m4 n) t( o! Vprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
! j7 x; U9 Z3 z' x0 S6 l7 Yptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
9 R" [! L7 H$ I+ Kif (ptr > 0)
9 S! T4 Q: R9 I# v: H; Sprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
; ?3 F' H: w& O% g9 S( oelse + Y. H+ p* q4 V
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
% t+ a+ l9 [$ ?: ~& L% _return(0); ( E9 J7 D3 ?' [4 H- w# b
} $ j( U. b0 m! c3 [/ N2 `! w! @
( L. H9 K B3 G# u4 ~" O: i

3 G0 r. o. t6 A0 H; S1 ^函数名: strncmpi 
+ P% M- G Z7 y9 @+ y功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
% N$ ?) Q3 k2 K6 E* D. _用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 0 d" L I( w: i! M; ^
程序例: 
/ @# X* A; Z2 Y3 H" G#include <STRING.H>: }+ N K( \& o& H/ k
#include <STDIO.H>
: T6 H. r+ b, o8 b( x2 eint main(void) 6 [4 ~/ y6 B" S6 D. Y% Y; _" h
{ ! c% K& Q( r t* p
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
6 R. ^, N7 }2 L( e* |int ptr; 3 Z$ z+ c7 C, y6 f# G1 ?
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 
* @$ E8 Y% v& Y' W0 Gif (ptr > 0) $ b& }5 ?2 ]% L1 Y( v# A+ x
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
) A! b# O# E( n. oif (ptr < 0)
2 g/ }/ X. b0 |& {7 M5 g' @printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); * i5 V# w& O/ F# e7 G, P2 D! g
if (ptr == 0)
, F, C) \* c! _: b) K0 \printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); % H9 F3 K3 j! [: s! c- C2 E6 s
return 0; 1 N% e1 p" V8 f$ a
} ; k X+ Z6 C& c2 `4 C( X5 f2 G' P' C

; z' I$ b9 @: {7 t
6 M6 M% }( L$ M5 o8 q9 ^7 D2 l4 j' ^- t函数名: strncpy " P. W; J- H4 X) L/ t" w3 i, ^
功能: 串拷贝
, Z* `* o0 S# x7 D1 c用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); , N* v( u0 y# g @
程序例: 7 `' I- `% @4 P) o8 Y8 C
#include <STDIO.H>
* S% s' S* j. v- ]1 q% ]' G& |#include <STRING.H># [7 v/ E0 K- p/ w- _, c
int main(void) ! T% A1 h4 p( ~' P4 U. A/ x
{ ! J5 O S/ E" m7 x& ~# U
char string[10];
9 Q& L+ D! \2 G0 [% Nchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
+ e2 c5 t% D$ F2 pstrncpy(string, str1, 3); 2 w5 g+ e' S6 ?
string[3] = '\0';
. C2 e0 W$ c( W* x3 l( ?printf("%s\n", string);
8 i6 w9 s0 ^7 N/ z, a; nreturn 0; 1 Q- v+ N! r) N, s% Q: ] ]
} 1 B. U7 P' @& b2 ^8 l

2 T* t! x$ l8 c* P' {
+ R" I" U% u! W5 ~函数名: strnicmp ; X# F$ U1 a9 |0 v9 U
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 ; o$ x4 e2 F) X4 G9 ^' ~" B
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 0 V6 |$ T S N3 l
程序例: ' G7 G) w, N3 L9 ^( A3 h
#include <STRING.H>
, Z; i; d! t$ y1 x" t8 \- p! D#include <STDIO.H>
" W; ^! [( b2 Iint main(void) # Q2 [3 y6 q# ?
{ , _) k* p# h, U! k- X5 ~6 v6 `. \
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
/ K9 v5 T" h. F+ r) c3 D& qint ptr; : m$ R- i" i6 @3 W+ J# Y
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
9 _, `0 c0 P: c# Kif (ptr > 0)
# s" Z* N$ v% [! Y* T3 L, h. {9 Uprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 3 J: d* o* x Z2 O* y
if (ptr < 0)
1 H/ F# `3 k) |, pprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); / E9 N; o, h* W& ]. w: z1 ~4 ?
if (ptr == 0)
- Q, B& }9 n/ fprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
% f" P! X+ }6 [& q& w& nreturn 0;
; r }2 p% k! w4 w+ D- E} ; U7 N: i: ?- I3 e$ O% p( p
. B: h7 j1 k. o5 s. H5 o3 _

. n7 }2 _ G4 A& y/ v2 N ]
7 ~1 E. ]4 R; \; e8 V函数名: strnset , @: U- @, P- h* n3 W
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
9 n7 e0 y3 ~8 D" \- C: e0 M* [用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n); 9 c7 {+ |$ Y7 Y/ f
程序例: 
1 h- C% A" T& {- O#include <STDIO.H> H( A/ H8 T5 ]: W$ `# v8 _' _
#include <STRING.H>% Y- d C i3 [
int main(void) ( x E4 H" ?$ V% @; G
{
2 s0 ^9 m# _3 P) F! j2 xchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; # ?1 C" `8 x9 ? |% h. \
char letter = 'x'; 
1 S l0 }" r# d Oprintf("string before strnset: %s\n", string); $ {$ W: v9 ~2 t n5 ^9 F
strnset(string, letter, 13); @+ i" d; `4 ]4 v
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 7 B- Z! S( }. @ I; I. j
return 0; 7 L, q$ \2 y/ ~) V& Z# k& c0 I# f
} # a0 j% E$ g3 O$ o8 S+ }' ^

5 a: ~/ O3 Z7 R; b1 D8 [- {8 }" T1 j' Q5 r
函数名: strpbrk ' U* f; F' b# z5 L0 q
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
4 B* Z& r. `4 N j5 D2 c用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
& p3 Y* F; o, C3 |程序例: 
' y! `5 ]9 J$ _ s#include <STDIO.H>: y7 G' U4 x8 s+ l
#include <STRING.H>+ O l1 B/ ]+ h2 f* D
int main(void)
) J; j0 _# X1 K{ 3 }2 I: G/ D1 s' Y
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 3 D3 @( W* @; G9 H+ x6 q- j
char *string2 = "onm";
. N2 i2 _ s# L2 Uchar *ptr; 
8 X, m0 u3 y! h7 A: Rptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
) @6 Y }/ o. Z" zif (ptr)
( u0 Y8 m- C; Z. n6 {printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
+ `! s0 v+ x @8 J# Aelse
 {7 g6 A8 V H5 {printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 
/ o+ \5 c! U3 x% b2 S: ^return 0;
3 ]% k3 d6 r) L) U; R}
: ^5 F; r" E/ p. z/ M) J, R, b. S+ S5 h7 P+ U1 K6 _, N

9 G: I1 r Y5 r
* }5 e# V8 x5 r9 V3 u# Y6 k函数名: strrchr . B& j8 n* H$ x( e; K
功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 8 E! h3 I, }' }1 c- j* p) d
用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); - `5 w5 f# m6 v2 a! l9 M% }% E
程序例: + @4 t% U8 p+ N# {
#include <STRING.H>9 L5 `' b+ i- H9 h+ e1 {8 u
#include <STDIO.H>
1 i) x9 p- R( a. k) Q x- s8 Pint main(void) " M' }6 y6 P" t+ {6 s
{
' |; y" l, k+ }# o1 Schar string[15]; 1 G& v, t# H- B7 z4 X8 Q
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
# X9 g+ _/ ?- w3 F* V! x" jstrcpy(string, "This is a string");
: M" e$ q4 J0 H# p, cptr = strrchr(string, c);
$ k/ u! ^9 J! T$ p6 `if (ptr) 9 v" V5 Y" D& L! j* d# P
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); 0 U6 t& X+ z4 \2 l* U& S/ h
else $ _) t, C7 f* s) R9 y' Q# {. J
printf("The character was not found\n");
1 }2 R, g0 {* Y: Rreturn 0;
" N' f/ B0 w' j; T1 u9 y8 G% N) \} 
8 T3 z2 |% A ^) |( G6 J/ b
4 ]; C* i7 x6 W& x T/ o
5 ~( F$ ]9 y6 @0 J1 Q: A1 Y' F4 G3 G- A/ H0 b
函数名: strrev 
7 z+ V! e2 [) D4 ~& j, l& t* b& H功能: 串倒转 $ y9 I- k( E B# M
用法: char *strrev(char *str); 4 _8 e, F$ p3 H+ s
程序例: 
' X. W% G7 @1 a1 _#include <STRING.H>
' E& w* `/ O2 B; ]8 t! m9 V#include <STDIO.H>
6 C) e7 C2 ~$ n, Z5 A. ~int main(void) ( l6 m1 ~1 Q" C4 p
{ ( J, k) g& Q9 _2 {+ f
char *forward = "string"; 
8 y* Q2 @2 B! l* Tprintf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
" V; s; f6 ?' a& Kstrrev(forward); ; F: a% E! R: |
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward); - P- c' A# E6 V( l
return 0; ! U- [. x4 j) k4 E' L
} / A( e& Y6 ~# r% Y; M- Y; o8 p. z
8 W% `3 s7 W( n" D3 \
函数名: strset 
) ]8 g& x9 E; ?. ?. w" d功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 0 |3 ?( M2 h L' h1 y
用法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
# i9 |* q6 W3 ^: g/ s程序例: 9 G8 [3 q1 Q* C
#include <STDIO.H>
, h+ Y" v0 I; `8 o. X+ S#include <STRING.H>3 T' @) Z+ }% a
int main(void) * E [. h5 u3 p% t. I& X2 h
{
# [8 K, C& U- {3 c8 m! T8 fchar string[10] = "123456789"; * y# E- ?; p/ }# X2 W1 \! ]% o
char symbol = 'c'; 
4 G% {# I- I1 Sprintf("Before strset(): %s\n", string); . ]( ]/ h" D& F9 u. Z# T6 e+ A. `
strset(string, symbol);
/ p8 \% ]8 ?. e1 ]2 m5 `4 }1 ?printf("After strset(): %s\n", string); % ~2 q0 c: w. r. D; q- V
return 0; 3 P- k7 P. r' g# g' c$ J* D+ u
}
5 w3 ?8 H+ h0 r4 N
/ B' b) [+ i! y) j* w! z$ D; {0 k9 `7 l

- w8 B% G3 j% v0 V4 `/ P# L6 \函数名: strspn ' Y4 k' {# X$ `, M J3 c9 Z1 i
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
5 R9 E, P6 O4 y ~用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); ! [& ?. K5 ~# D* o/ @; }
程序例: ( j+ u3 G3 e9 q ?- b% e) A
#include <STDIO.H>
; Z* o* L6 o- h6 y& V3 M#include <STRING.H>
: l' B4 I* W# n0 q#include <ALLOC.H>
3 M- U7 L7 G- k$ r3 P% X( a# ]5 {int main(void) 8 F N5 h2 D1 j- O- z! i
{
6 v8 C8 M( N. w0 E7 vchar *string1 = "1234567890";
0 i i8 l: ~, L2 vchar *string2 = "123DC8";
* p8 G6 x8 z1 T- p% y/ kint length; / @* T, c$ \, D J1 C9 f9 o4 m: B8 Z
length = strspn(string1, string2); - K. W/ h' i# X) ^. R! s
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); 7 w9 c& E8 j, m$ M6 Z/ d
return 0; 2 H: p9 j% S* z* s- q
}
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1 i! ^& k9 o* h, f函数名: strstr 5 x0 B% I7 G) U: [6 M6 G' M4 ?8 d% |
功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 o) j; g1 ]# E- }8 K
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
; U! A: q* S( T% J. a5 V' L ]程序例: 
6 O. H; M( H7 b1 d- ?#include <STDIO.H>9 J9 ^+ ?' i& ^. Y. H
#include <STRING.H>
' Q" e) J2 O: b+ Mint main(void)
1 W+ @6 P; c. w8 o- S{
) U& S$ z' m" [# ~: Q# d4 schar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
: ]3 Z/ @1 [8 Q8 G1 z2 Wptr = strstr(str1, str2);
6 L, r" s0 z2 L9 _; I7 aprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); - M# ~6 A+ D, B8 }5 m/ f
return 0;
: q2 W; c7 j1 i6 S} 
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8 Q& J; l3 Q( w
函数名: strtod ; ]. g3 X* s, k D; O
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 8 U6 r5 `3 C4 b0 x9 U! Y7 W
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr); ' y! n9 M% i6 J ^4 z/ X% K1 {% L1 Q
程序例: 
3 w. }# \6 e0 d0 i: i: ^#include <STDIO.H>9 S" k! N g" I; Z
#include <STDLIB.H>. g+ k+ f- k0 R! U- Z
int main(void) " v( O) K* e+ v8 ]7 I( L
{
% Y8 Q" M8 |3 X% E- schar input[80], *endptr;
* K0 [, \( E" `, F) T. p, |double value; 
3 {2 N% H: T1 b" R+ uprintf("Enter a floating point number:");
1 L5 W" m4 B6 G* t5 b+ H+ t, Lgets(input);
$ a8 M: p& ]! F8 Uvalue = strtod(input, &endptr);
" ^; x7 `% |" b b/ y8 Vprintf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); " D# [0 k7 C ?8 w, B$ K, R: X
return 0;
- K9 r6 E! z& ]% ~& h1 z1 @$ S5 R}
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函数名: strtok , v+ \ @# L% K4 P( ^8 [' g
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 % M! X: j, g g2 g2 x
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
* ]" ~: L3 E; W) Q* Y, i3 o# u0 A程序例: 
: ^$ y4 ^( w3 A#include <STRING.H>
& A$ i( d' M Q6 ~8 q" B#include <STDIO.H>" B- Y5 h" R) F6 m/ _
int main(void) E4 ^3 {9 k: x N) Z
{
& X) ]9 F: G. {+ k1 ~ nchar input[16] = "abc,d"; # y5 X3 f" ^4 G4 S
char *p; 9 S' S; B' a- k; Z9 j
/* strtok places a NULL terminator # J* Z9 I6 C( k) F2 f8 }
in front of the token, if found */ % A; h$ V6 |8 z! h; {: H, x
p = strtok(input, ",");
8 E3 G2 [+ E( Y. I, Kif (p) printf("%s\n", p); - g+ C. D t5 _+ w
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL ; N% z+ |' O) r
as the first parameter returns a pointer
+ k4 S( M1 f: T1 G( K2 b: T _% qto the character following the token */
2 f0 X: m/ C( z2 Q' |( {2 ap = strtok(NULL, ","); ( K+ A( m; ?# E
if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
* B* P5 m8 O% ^( preturn 0;
3 n9 D9 z7 F: S+ P}
/ }+ N5 ^5 K9 J
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. G! { b3 Z" n" |( H函数名: strtol : ?& ~7 p. a0 n/ b: X' B" P$ _
功能: 将串转换为长整数 4 g( W( b' X% ~0 M
用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
, |! [# O2 t% ?' r6 q5 ]$ U1 J- V( n程序例: 
. H7 x' P# B/ L& o9 ]2 D#include <STDLIB.H>
* {0 W- [; Q" g/ t#include <STDIO.H>
! O! r% p9 I+ W. f, T! O. n) v" _int main(void)
( `/ j1 O" Q8 t{
0 [; g. ?( R/ \. l# g7 jchar *string = "87654321", *endptr; * A9 P1 [7 a% @. C2 m
long lnumber; 
7 f& P& `% b$ v/* strtol converts string to long integer */ - Y' ?# b* e8 Z2 Z" G
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
8 m- t1 h$ F) C/ T0 kprintf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); ; [/ U$ b+ r3 A6 g) V1 L/ D: O
return 0; ' ]$ ~. x K4 [2 C. f
} & V! y- Z, U D/ w' Q" l u
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函数名: strupr . [9 T, }, [3 t2 K1 I; i9 g g
功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母 + @7 g1 M2 x6 b$ }( t0 d5 q
用法: char *strupr(char *str); & m: t8 A7 E( f* J/ H' p
程序例: 9 ]& H0 R5 Q+ T' Y8 P2 g
#include <STDIO.H>6 t* g2 [, X9 K$ x6 v- n5 h8 L
#include <STRING.H>* t( @/ h$ S! e! L& ^5 Q% h$ X3 w
int main(void)
+ ~4 B' P0 R) L1 G( f! ?{
 U H; Y# H8 G c- ~, ochar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; * k0 c) i1 M W, W$ X8 F$ H
/* converts string to upper case characters */ 5 |4 Y- m& I3 \4 F7 w4 G7 i9 O
ptr = strupr(string); ! V; b+ i* _) D" h7 e" S
printf("%s\n", ptr); + ~' i& r; b. a* t0 t8 r
return 0;
; p7 q9 x/ s" L" Q/ F} * v @ T9 K* Y# Z2 [

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. }" s1 L2 F+ y: h; o- M' O4 T
% K: X7 [* B. [+ K函数名: swab 
1 s: U/ A8 o" c功能: 交换字节
: \$ L& r, f, a& ]1 D7 B1 b用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); ' z9 v" z& B4 ?0 ^& W$ z% h8 U
程序例: 
/ o: W9 O" T, X# h* O3 ]; \2 g$ e#include <STDLIB.H>. c" J. }) u8 Q' C. b9 v
#include <STDIO.H>
' ?& m: ~* ?) c# i8 u: w#include <STRING.H>, D) T9 Y7 z, C; N& @& O2 ]6 u% l
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; 7 Y# r$ f' h% ^. ?: P
char target[15]; ' o* `, C* v, O' A
int main(void) 1 p7 @7 o4 I, N2 u/ E" X, j
{ + r7 o9 _8 ~7 Y3 v% o
swab(source, target, strlen(source)); % {. D+ e" S" [& ^
printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
: O) k+ n; l4 W- I* A6 L5 Y+ Qreturn 0;
" e9 N) t& {1 F; a/ U}
5 H! }! ?0 Z+ ^; ^0 I
8 M3 A7 {7 U& G& s1 y4 n1 i! C
2 d5 ~* m6 p2 [& V e
9 q/ ~6 d" e. H' J% M8 {函数名: system ' z. ~' E5 T ]# ?. ^
功能: 发出一个DOS命令
4 V) X2 h- E! o! l用法: int system(char *command);
, f4 p; ?) w5 y/ r" @5 ~9 t程序例: 
( o/ u" ~! y0 |#include <STDLIB.H>
7 S' A7 ]1 x3 Q7 g. K5 e9 J, o! K4 v9 A#include <STDIO.H>
, F' n' j5 D2 ?& A8 i5 W' Nint main(void) # y- O( n$ O( s x. n4 r
{ 1 K( l$ \# h2 t, M& E/ m
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n"); , L: V1 a' L0 o1 L, a* C
system("dir");
1 x3 f8 |5 G( _) i/ t) wreturn 0;
! c8 |" b* k( ?4 b$ q8 }" d}