极坐标图象/ V! l+ } u9 K% j! f$ _
Matlab中包括一个重要的函数叫做polar,它用于在极坐标系中画图。这个函数的基本形式如下: 3 Y5 ^9 z- D. Q5 w7 R. F' p
polar(theta,r)
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; N3 B6 h/ y" T; E% R2 h9 @其是theta代表一个弧度角数组,r代表一个距离数组。它用来画以角度为自变量的函数的极坐标图是非常有用的。
3 N) b. s5 R8 x0 D例3.5
3 F& F( g7 L+ ^) C2 f- s9 B心形麦克风
5 {+ B0 q1 l: S5 t为舞台表演设计的麦克风大多都是定向麦克风,它能够增大来自演唱者的信号,抑制后面观众的噪声信号。一个心形麦克风的增益gain是关于角度θ的函数,关系式如下
m9 g" m" q5 x) Z9 t5 v4 `Gain=2g(1+cosθ) (3.3)
$ ^, j' [. T/ Y2 }其中g是和特定的心形麦克风有关的常量。θ是声源和麦克风之间的夹角。假设一个麦克风的g是0.5,画出函数Gain的极坐标图。 % f+ y/ O7 _: e! C+ b3 j) w! r& L( M
答案:我们必须计算出与角度对应的函数值,然后画出相应的极坐标图。产生的结果如图3.7所示。注意这种麦克风叫做心形麦克风,所以得出来曲线的形状像颗心。 4 G/ o6 _4 @; X6 ]' k; Y
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代码如下:
; F; }3 \7 l' H2 j2 ^$ b3 k, u- <div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Scriptfile: microphone.m</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%Purpose:</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Thisprogram plots the gain pattern of a cardioid</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% microphone.</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Recordof revisions:</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% DateProgrammer Description of change</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% ============== =====================</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% </font></font><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">12/10/97</font></font><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">S. J. Chapman Original code</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Definevariables:</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% g --Microphone gain constant</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% gain --Gain as a function of angle</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% theta-- Angle from microphone axis (radians)</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%Calculate gain versus angle</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">g = 0.5;</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">theta =0:pi/20:2*pi;</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">gain =2*g*(1+cos(theta));</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Plotgain</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">polar(theta,gain,'r-');</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">title('Gain versus angle \it\theta');</font></font></div>
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