) l( A, B" u; u) l' S, S2 D 在需要进行字符串拼接时建议使用 str类型的join方法,而非+ ,因为join()方法是先计算出所有字符中的长度,然后再拷贝,只new一次对象,效率要比"+"效率高 。 2 H/ [& o; k" T5 i& D; |3 N" D% j! b9 f" Q7 U7 d* H7 S
二、字符串类型的操作0 s# g& O3 B. f
Python类str内置源码: ( _" ?3 j: A" R ' o4 Q9 R9 B- {. L$ d Uclass str(object): ( S0 V- ?, g6 [4 q) S/ J( O """; ]' l& p; j7 R9 D* R
str = "(对象)——> str 9 C7 e' s" D- @ 1 {9 l; B \* n: X3 y4 D Str (bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> Str ; ?% _- `% J6 w1 e" m% [ 8 }1 v. y0 H0 f1 G" ] 从给定的对象创建一个新的字符串对象。如果编码或,则对象必须公开数据缓冲区 T6 K! u. @" l O& ^
将使用给定的编码和错误处理程序进行解码。1 W: S. Z* ^) q
! l" T) H( s7 K6 k, g' }4 e
否则,返回object.__str__()的结果(如果已定义)或repr(对象)。/ q, Y, [) ]: _- e9 v
* Y Y! J: x; b* n; ? 编码默认为sys.getdefaultencoding()。* Y1 N" \3 A/ [. m S6 O$ V
* Q/ U: u- u- y) T7 H
Errors默认为'strict'。# H0 W4 ^# Y2 z" B
""" " j/ N! f% ?. }6 \ def capitalize(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 t9 h* \0 V* n/ ?, h/ @
""" * Q$ W3 v4 n) s# S; n Return a capitalized version of the string. - @- e, m( J% _; ~/ ]$ A7 v0 ] : S4 T$ h2 }1 h8 O1 v: {$ t More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower5 J( V. n% Y& p% I* p+ x
case. # K! t3 E) m' Q' u """ ! M2 Y8 s, \; w# u D& V pass; I, g( r5 y$ [
. u3 r/ k1 f4 D
def casefold(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : g1 ]$ n y x' u" ~ """ Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons. """: |" N- X. n: S. _& s4 E
pass- P1 v; D ]$ n5 h8 b* ^8 S
$ R. ]6 z( t- H) w/ x9 n8 Z
def center(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . E9 I8 T9 X4 X. y( d( ^2 X) j """ 3 |0 {0 d5 i9 V, @6 n8 |# ~ 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。 ( _$ Q) [" j( k8 i( l' s 2 k* q1 I" @! A' n 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 & x8 ^9 ]+ w( Y1 x8 g """* j5 B! B! E9 m2 _
pass & D+ [3 Q* v- ], k t. k 3 U [# p& C& A7 N def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ & Q# L+ M% D( {$ D; S* c- O """ / H0 H G/ }) e. ^ S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> # K& k* u) H# d7 n/ M7 ~: V* d
5 \2 _) A. x- ~8 r* M' o: }* J7 f# O
int .count(sub[, start[, end]]返回子字符串sub in不重叠出现的次数 + {2 L* p! a4 N " ^9 ~7 c" x/ g& I& m 字符串(开始:结束)。可选参数start和end是用切片表示法解释。 7 {, h6 c* H; p """ 9 S/ U0 [# }1 a! r0 V return 0 2 j& ]/ Y9 d2 W6 D, x , l' P# m* A6 B' B4 N def encode(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, y6 w) @3 s M6 Y; A/ M" C
""" ' d3 j# a. a3 C+ ~3 r) R2 h5 F3 M2 g Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding. 8 u- S9 x: a. S" H- | D( K , o1 H. Z2 w3 ` T encoding/ O- T5 E6 `, X( A- {% F
The encoding in which to encode the string. . S# m+ T2 L) ]" _ errors 6 I! R. q3 y+ p1 ]. l3 C! ] The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. 4 v" S/ \0 H( J3 b+ k The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a 8 X+ D. p( j, G0 i, U: I7 } UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and4 ]8 \9 L4 x& U" w' p5 R L
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with1 q9 K4 {) Q+ s1 D3 A
codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors., j' J/ v R" ?: T: R8 T# S% w
6 `; ~$ @9 T1 b) c# x 使用注册用于编码的编解码器对字符串进行编码。4 h; t- r I0 n% s/ T8 T E
/ l4 v2 ?5 k+ d2 J2 k5 _ 编码 6 i) y9 W$ p# }: H 用于编码字符串的编码方式。! J- A5 F) q8 O. b. B
错误 & X5 M I! t e$ @* ` 用于编码错误的错误处理方案。 ; n& u( O. U$ e# @) @ 默认值是'strict',意味着编码错误会引发UnicodeEncodeError。5 Z/ {% U3 d, f3 J) }$ u$ X
其他可能的值有'ignore', 'replace'和'xmlcharrefreplace'以及注册的任何其他名称编解码器。' B' Z* f+ n, J: a: y3 Y. W' C; I
可以处理UnicodeEncodeErrors的register_error。" c: C( n6 A; X& n# I6 {' i8 [, m
""" 1 e: t( k& W1 G pass; B6 ?5 o% m L
/ K' @ H2 ~9 S8 O def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ " n6 P7 f: @9 h """ ' e2 u/ O& v g5 o$ E1 z5 F7 W S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool6 _) {4 T/ W0 l; c% D* g7 W& r3 [
" u1 _4 E% k# B' S0 l. Y Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. ( N. m, ?2 j6 B: B j" \ With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 8 U) }: Q0 c. j# o/ W; z With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. ) v( p5 X% g. B& z suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. 6 {3 }2 D W9 C1 @9 l# W """ # t+ }" _( K, x" @- Y3 \ return False. D4 u2 K8 h9 H0 S- t( i
. a8 r# z; D1 Y* K9 H0 i! ` def expandtabs(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 e8 d- R5 {4 t, x
"""# M% S7 s* T9 |" U u- b% R
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.9 L/ C& J; l5 n; d
6 O( n0 x/ S2 G+ K% Y+ _
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.& j; n6 e; x/ Y, B2 @
"""6 c7 A) x; `7 W! i1 j- c
pass " t6 l& }9 B3 d0 j& {. ^% D+ P% i ; T' ^% C ?: K# Q% }3 l def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__! J: W+ V g# x$ X3 q) q6 C9 j$ H
"""+ G& f( i5 s- u2 \. v
S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int [- ?/ X) [8 S; k9 c! j8 j' [& X3 b6 g0 a* p* S9 R) P! \+ A
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, ; h/ `+ z0 H0 t7 d such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional* R0 v6 }) a* p, |2 Y( @: W4 r
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. ' w. S" ^5 A$ t( W% ?, r2 T( x' }5 a: O1 h' a/ v
Return -1 on failure. : |( b7 w) k* R' ` $ Y- H/ _) O( y. Q7 h S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int / y2 [4 V' i# |' L2 v ! Y* K( ~9 A d" O: ~5 S8 Q 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。& L. n, j. f- ?6 `
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。 - I! M a/ {9 \5 z# Y+ n - F% H2 k% [* V4 w. l- l) b
失败时返回-1。, v% |' H8 Y$ Y" F D4 `
/ b0 l6 R2 }3 F9 K$ C3 s R
"""8 i- r8 g+ G4 Q3 C, N
return 0 4 N+ C, ^- K6 v$ u. M7 t& ]: x: z) [6 W8 Z$ O, l5 g4 i! M1 |6 \- ~
def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format6 ]1 V, V/ Z6 @0 U- U" f
""" 0 Q, `: w( _& D9 s( D S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str # E1 X% Y' l5 T* t( O9 G6 b( v& [9 p : l; x1 n" ]$ t3 [) {( K# k Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. 8 ?' o& G1 C) o4 T* Y O8 ^( {( N The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}')., W% t% l; G/ X" j! q* |
: R9 w, a: |! Z B. y
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str4 o% ?( T M0 L& l* A: v
* k+ |' Z, v4 A9 S) Q& u 使用args和kwargs的替换,返回S的格式化版本。 & T) P6 N+ I+ k 替换由大括号('{'和'}')标识。( J t& d+ L6 P
"""3 ^* S. ? U. L7 Z7 s: k' U
pass , j+ [9 M4 f! e D) t1 y( ^3 j* [ d, K . I; A* y& F% b: W* e def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 0 h( c7 \5 B% T """ / y8 j# W. c# t* |# W# t S.format_map(mapping) -> str; _" u6 P2 I) G* p* ~8 I# H7 k8 j
$ T2 S1 u: s, P; I [' ?
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.! _, y# L, d: H& E: y4 K' [1 e9 }
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). : P# }3 e. u2 \6 E """ # E; P6 v) n+ V- {9 L9 @2 O0 G+ h return """ Z3 w" X: N1 R6 D: h" l
4 Z& C3 Q6 r$ N' {
def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__3 G9 d/ \7 A, E0 ?/ S5 T( ?; y) x
""" % S* B8 R0 a m S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int ! z3 v6 T" D9 t' M 6 ^/ N6 g# H/ l _2 h Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,, r$ s7 Z% Q P# \- ~0 ]
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 9 P, b: r( T8 L" S' D1 v! X arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.3 F C: N4 [4 |% H9 _
7 b! o, Q8 e& t8 |7 e7 G9 C
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.# r) z: d( z9 u. j
$ w; m( s! _0 R5 I
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int ; N7 a0 B! S0 v1 i: S
.index(sub[, start[, end]] * a" |7 J7 x1 c/ | f, I! e ( p: f- l+ Z' R 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。 ! ?4 h7 H5 n, D7 H 可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。 ; h2 l3 {6 e# q# r4 {8 @; { 8 q( z% w$ A- A
当没有找到子字符串时引发ValueError。) M3 ^5 d! ]$ n) l7 j
"""6 k, l' ~/ J* S% p
return 0 - n+ q4 v. Y; v- A; ~6 B+ U3 Y ( q8 Q0 c/ W% V def isalnum(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown- t0 w$ Q- c9 g9 D& f' N
"""5 i1 O7 g% Q$ L1 [9 X: y
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.8 C: d- }" ]! r2 a
* b% S6 @* e1 V7 U( O+ G2 C A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and 9 p& Z, Q" B" Q- o' {- s# v2 j there is at least one character in the string.' h. @: a0 J1 F$ S5 } H/ q
""" - ~% a+ Y8 W( S: } pass/ S2 M2 B- e" H
7 i# t! i) G) H. E. I, u def isalpha(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown & Q: I- B$ h' h% f9 i, D% p """ ' O4 T, P1 J' b Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise. 2 m2 h7 `5 D Y) ^) ~) J8 _ J# Y+ i- B5 ]: E' Z) I1 h1 S
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there , D& t: c+ }, W# Q9 w3 L; _+ a/ q is at least one character in the string. : X- c$ r4 s7 H E' ^# ] """ + W: x5 h! X& F- V pass 1 D; ^* G9 \) a `1 Q* Z : ]8 y- c4 {9 |% v. p2 ^ def isascii(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( }; g3 ~! n v: Z1 w ~
"""8 n B# q7 G2 d, O
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.$ |2 t: N" m) R# ~9 }& g3 k
- o0 p6 f2 L; `2 U( h6 ?1 J ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F.6 S+ D7 M, b9 E/ }+ P
Empty string is ASCII too.8 ?! |) O& ~4 u; O+ D4 `$ M, w
"""" B! w) t' H! D9 A0 a
pass! ~ e8 T9 B' @" ~
; V' m% p. M* S: Q: `7 ?
def isdecimal(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * e2 u7 }. s" `, {6 q0 _! P7 r """ 2 U9 Z' x+ {: U, T( j. ~7 m Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise. P( L5 C7 L9 s 1 A) d# y& D# ^* ` A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and8 y1 S$ ^3 A- j
there is at least one character in the string.9 j h+ i0 [+ r6 T. B1 q5 M' Q$ ]
"""& W# R9 o/ K$ H) q/ M
pass : J: S7 D2 f7 l7 x: O3 G7 Q( j) ~; j$ o
def isdigit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 1 T5 x: y5 b! Z """* {8 ?% H- S* w3 E% _, q7 a
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise., u* W. v: ?* k- g7 P
7 Q6 |8 u! n! r/ Q, I& s
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there b4 P }8 u; q x+ l$ E) k
is at least one character in the string.7 b! k4 r7 E1 ~3 p
"""$ t6 A2 h# }+ z- W) l9 Y
pass / A: \3 O7 ]# s; T / u* v7 h: ?% y def isidentifier(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 2 n# l, S) e. v2 s """2 q7 C" Q( B- ?9 b! q
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise. 3 z4 w: t6 b- ?3 B + z! L/ X8 @8 s4 J& s Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier,: p6 j7 G& j5 H+ h- C
such as "def" or "class". * W, `% N/ c: J* g. p3 r5 A """# N6 D0 p7 |: E7 s
pass . S( V( b+ P4 S) L3 l4 q' q. H2 G% L* `. X: M& _' ]/ f
def islower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : P( u; v0 a* z C+ Q" n* N- v """- r" F9 q9 K/ Z) \4 z) s
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise. ! H% U# l _: X+ t7 K7 v & L$ N9 K6 O) |* U A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and 7 _9 }1 k9 Q* P' ?2 W7 s& H there is at least one cased character in the string. " o* V7 [0 z1 z4 v """ 8 u! f! M- H, Z: C: U1 ~* z pass X @. _2 u- r( A+ i) i5 m* J/ E ! R( p8 K/ C8 y! ~4 D; h def isnumeric(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 d' G3 r- q m# ] """8 a' x0 D5 B7 @7 }, t' S- w- }
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise., S( H6 e+ K4 ^9 `- K @
# w9 {( V1 t2 `9 p: u; w A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at 5 B; u1 F: ^* P0 o5 l least one character in the string. $ h* R4 l4 |: G2 S% |, T6 n0 Q """! T/ F; N4 G8 {; t" E T
pass 2 n Y4 W9 Q7 q& i ) d! A8 ~8 w, p+ H4 r# A0 N def isprintable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown3 I, J3 ]) _$ z9 f; L; _& [
""" / E6 Y+ i# Y; p8 x Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise. * n" S7 N* K: ~3 Y , { H: O6 W5 S) ~! ~ A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in 4 _& A3 x7 I8 e8 c repr() or if it is empty. 8 i) f0 V: H: T7 v) d7 \ """! m/ T1 _: G! A1 F
pass * X6 ]+ t' [9 i& W) A5 E% Z& V, `/ J
def isspace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . ~, u' W( b2 f) _! t% B. k7 v """9 D9 Q+ @2 D6 s
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise. 6 |+ y+ ?; ^7 {7 N" s0 K3 x; X; l # V; |5 C. c; W/ H- q0 q A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there ( W& M3 H0 ]6 f" L8 e' r; w5 I- K is at least one character in the string. X) `1 I8 M+ n; ?+ s
"""! R8 @% X' w) S
pass% I f1 ]" p8 k
. K2 i1 E/ u9 U' ]9 D7 m- e
def istitle(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( X# A, \" C! Y """9 I5 y9 ^. b P& `
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise. ; P& ~$ |& U" n# @* T) E* R) n3 X' G: g1 f& h3 n0 v
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only G0 E x6 ?$ Y follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.% D7 V' b% j% v% y9 V
""" 0 d4 x' q% D5 V# f8 J pass; z( x, z8 Y' {7 `* X+ k
: a+ ]; g) Q% `2 z& I: Q! u def isupper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 _$ _& l/ }2 @
"""7 t! m" E$ c, I$ w" h8 |
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.$ C7 I2 I, v- P" N
2 W' M f4 y: L! t) } j, I
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and' L) r3 Y4 l) k3 Z
there is at least one cased character in the string.8 H- o+ k @3 D# }
"""3 Y% I- |1 i! g9 Z. w" f
pass ( o6 [2 C, u$ m4 N; s7 S# L+ j- N/ a8 W, M" M0 U! m
def join(self, ab=None, pq=None, rs=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__1 u/ y9 K4 I( i8 t' }- N* O2 ?
"""& z, v/ w# w3 ^1 K
Concatenate any number of strings., i: N$ ~7 n' |! V& K0 X' W
4 ?) A9 v# I# ~ The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string.8 ~9 p9 N+ n T! _8 Q1 Y0 r$ Z
The result is returned as a new string.9 m$ }+ K) T' I& c! F' s# _
& l9 ~& D* V# x$ p 连接任意数量的字符串。, A- u2 b# P4 R5 v7 `2 c0 Q
" q. `+ f# E( }5 c7 \$ M
调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。 `) K& R: e3 `$ T |% k& w
结果以新字符串的形式返回。 & N& U: ^" m: Q e# R ; T# `# C0 f% {1 \3 \% c5 J 例如:“。”。Join (['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'1 }: D' s5 J" s8 G7 M! \. @
"""4 N* e6 U8 t5 Q* l' e' P* V
pass2 D2 `1 S1 f' B5 t$ v
- Z: w$ n9 ^+ z0 q" D. J* ` def ljust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( _. E5 ~0 p( w: a
""" 0 u5 v% t" {7 ]% q+ M0 J+ k Return a left-justified string of length width. 7 X. `5 H1 c, ]0 r# b , W. j8 ], G5 O Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).+ P5 R6 ~6 i7 V5 d' @' p, }
4 c& z7 n3 [: x- c 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。9 i8 S% G/ x4 Q% _3 s# B& L
: K9 ]* _+ d& \( [
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。& m7 H# @9 k# ~0 `/ f8 q, U7 r
"""9 v, c0 x& K5 m: Z( _- O9 P. ?+ R
pass + k9 B: o/ {* [5 K$ Z* U! k1 k$ K& ~8 @, [) {
def lower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown5 b# S! G. ^" Y- d5 \
""" Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase. 1 x. |8 ~) x$ J( y7 ? 返回转换为小写的字符串副本。"""4 l7 N, ?5 G: J$ I- c! K
pass ! A) y j/ }! M 9 e2 l& R% e. ?/ m+ v4 F def lstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ K, z9 |6 b4 C& z J$ k/ ^% m7 \ """ + N1 W- [- `$ v1 u& C Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed." p, t# n. z7 i9 u9 m
! i, f5 Y5 E3 C; @3 E: _ If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.0 j1 K- D y8 B" f( U5 R) j
, z3 S0 G j2 \8 v8 m 返回删除前导空格的字符串副本。 P4 b2 S h t+ p: \! s% `# S
; d5 b* Z4 ~4 G$ U0 _! ` 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。 " k, [6 q: h7 l """ 6 w0 [* W5 C- |: h pass 1 Z5 Z* L- e% }5 _5 u! @0 e& `4 w8 {9 h# n
def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 K2 ]/ l/ M i8 M2 _7 h1 c( a
"""! f& T; z' r$ ~* h! t& d
Return a translation table usable for str.translate()./ Y, S' g* d9 X; t) Z: S
( R& T/ f0 G0 ^+ B# j If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode1 g% Y2 K/ `! J5 P
ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. $ A- \* E2 ] W# B1 p Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. ( K- H. a/ o1 p+ ^( ~$ c If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and& `! a/ k7 I( H" h9 w* S; i, t
in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the ( a+ O' d* H: o+ I/ c2 y: t character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it ( L& j6 D5 H) i8 i; g; [ must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result. 7 F* v; E' c& ~6 C8 K """ $ u \$ j, U: r( g d- I pass ) r, `& \7 |4 t; j. k4 y! ]& u6 p U( W, U8 g0 o4 @! |( ]# p6 C! P' l
def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown/ {, e) u; J5 k5 x& t, ~
""" 5 u. R& F1 s' S' H Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.3 w! E0 j$ z3 Q9 q4 k4 @
! \% @! i7 | p# Y( Y; \; K1 B
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found,5 d0 y2 v& z: E, {
returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator ( { c" h) i4 } itself, and the part after it.* z) O& G: D1 @) Q4 c* p$ }, `' ]
& `2 `9 O9 ]9 n9 d& r/ z+ {# T
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string & v% g* t3 n) y* {5 s T8 D and two empty strings.+ }" l0 y' V; N2 K2 ~" j
""" 7 [- v: W8 d. V/ O1 G2 } pass+ Z; p$ X8 ?5 v, ?
9 A. Q7 _3 Z; m- O def replace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown) `% c$ n1 y, p4 a: ?4 R+ O6 r" i/ U
""" 5 q- g4 O, X' p1 E$ G Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. : h) k) u" t8 c7 N9 v5 _/ a3 E+ t6 Y5 @: T# @7 p" ~4 }2 m
count8 v4 c& v0 p( E% L# z: _8 L
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. ! S! y. c5 e. V0 M% ]* A( D -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.6 m8 k9 |; Z. O, S! G y
9 \- ?6 z& u* d2 M5 E+ ?9 b If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are ; A( I' c& j7 @ replaced. ( ?) [# A0 E/ U% ]8 D6 Q4 J ! z4 x/ r: ]* S- x4 ^0 o$ r8 Y4 s 返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。# k9 v' I$ s) G% j; w
& c: t1 G$ q* G/ y1 }) `; } 数 ' F+ s$ o) @' U7 ?6 A 替换的最大次数。2 l; ?3 M' W& F3 ?& A
-1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。- t! ?( B1 k! l
& ~7 i" H2 l* Y6 _( R
如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。9 E' B" q* r5 J0 a" g2 M+ @
"""2 P5 P9 ^2 J3 i I, H
pass$ k+ [: F; O" p
3 K4 l# e/ T6 t; s- ~ def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ # u2 X" _: Y6 ~8 Z8 | """8 k, [/ _6 Y. Y! }4 a# B5 ^# ?( W* U
S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int. D4 \! V/ Z/ ]' \" d
8 P: g: j. }' Q" D8 x5 K0 A5 j" i Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,2 l: X" C* t' ~
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional . o. S5 _9 F2 G/ h \6 o, x1 R; K arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.. m, g: N" t. Z+ Y
1 h( E7 S& D. p2 g
Return -1 on failure. 3 J* N. {: g1 v$ e0 r5 A; b3 v """1 y; ^8 U" S: A- N4 A& l
return 0 ; K, U6 U/ U4 ]. h3 J9 }- _) Z# Y$ F9 {) p7 H8 q) s9 F& u* Z4 t
def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 7 X5 R5 U( K0 {! }7 y0 B' N, g """ 2 ?! \% W+ L- g" X; ^ S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int m* U) e+ V' o5 p7 k. i3 W
# f3 h* I, v8 N2 _
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,1 |4 W7 i1 C7 C, U0 `2 i: P o
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional ! O8 j; A* `' ]1 u ?- X arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. ' o0 q5 Y5 k5 D- i # u3 x- u# F9 u( A+ e8 G) M2 C$ {9 G Raises ValueError when the substring is not found. 3 y7 g+ `. w/ I """ ( ?& l. f5 q. Y6 F% X& \( S1 E; f return 0( d$ F) `5 n1 F0 Z* s) S
1 E3 K/ ^5 Z) Q: D! k S
def rjust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , [8 G* P, c7 E" l) Z! B """4 k v7 ]. }3 P0 i/ k9 c3 p$ R
Return a right-justified string of length width.3 @. C Q* F# W/ S) B
) z- D" x+ Z+ y( F6 ~4 O3 k
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). . T( W# Y0 r/ U' U( y # L, s2 k$ @+ b" Y% w) N% F/ F, g 返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。 & W9 l2 f4 ^' ^; U : L( l2 e; ^! `. x1 a 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 5 l, H4 u* G. B7 [: J0 n """3 l0 b: A. }) e- u
pass ; K* ]" l8 u7 w1 @, W 0 C$ \8 `6 a7 G1 e def rpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown8 i( Z7 d( ^$ ]3 X6 X4 G8 p
""" 0 F( b# h1 `- i Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. + I; I: g, x) ], z9 W* {, I, O8 p9 @( I
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If, r4 g0 h- U4 j- H# }, N1 w
the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the 2 y9 \& G2 X: t% ?8 M separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. ( j( D$ o% K1 X# T0 Y7 @7 o4 A+ ~5 |. C
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings ( k+ H- D7 h8 i8 Q7 m' |3 w and the original string.% d7 L. `6 e9 c; L2 `
""" - x3 }$ o6 a8 r7 p6 E0 H" ]+ \ pass ! Y7 ?- {* M, L" m 0 C; Y5 m0 k+ ?) K, Z def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown' S: A* D& u# S, f0 y$ |5 \2 A) U
""" ; _- R% K) c- x; @" Y/ A1 { Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. 4 }3 j x% Q, p Z& K + j0 i, E- E+ L: \% I sep , w+ d4 T0 f& _; @! N The delimiter according which to split the string. & V+ Q) t/ f9 o# o _ None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace,3 `9 ?' K. H$ L5 h7 D; a2 r9 H
and discard empty strings from the result. 2 ?1 O% m" Z# z3 |+ g8 K3 X maxsplit , Q* r+ s$ R" ?+ z% ` Maximum number of splits to do. % E4 H. M" Z( P4 C2 F' x$ r" g -1 (the default value) means no limit.2 c9 T2 C- }( y" g) T
6 p& _9 v* E/ r$ y- H- }. \4 H+ f
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.0 j1 t" W* O$ i* g- r' f
( u: W# O6 l& j; @
返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。" m5 x1 ?# i* w% V
sep + F+ |! l9 |9 c 用来分割字符串的分隔符。: B+ L% N p$ }" x
None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。" d( t4 H% j. _ ~
* P* C+ V% V/ Y X# b# S0 k maxsplit ! ~* K" V1 u5 K; q! M- L, W 最大分割次数。7 u9 z7 q: F2 @4 E
-1(默认值)表示无限制。. S# b; Q" s! d- g& v; r
! K! `+ d9 W, G' I- P# g
劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。 4 m7 g9 e7 O: K3 h """0 P( k7 S" c3 S% D
pass. n+ Z. Y; K2 Z' n) u+ L
0 P5 d! Q, d, j
def rstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 N/ U$ u4 Q8 q) O" f """ # r1 V$ c' ~8 G7 E u9 f$ u Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed. 1 V& d; Y! D$ r- z . f7 [$ l" a" V1 ]! z5 ^" G8 P' K If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.& w4 I2 D- n# J. Q
5 z, F6 |) K; a8 p# S 返回字符串的副本,删除尾随空格。 ( P) S8 ~3 U5 t" A/ F+ V+ t( \& \) t9 d. D
如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。 5 I" u% @" D( z4 E) ] """ 5 B3 d+ Q6 n! A4 ]. H pass # x' [' r1 t5 t" D 3 I- B. T& d e) o; o def split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown & A* D- x$ p, F2 G """/ g6 G/ b8 k% |$ x5 L
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. O- S5 _: M8 c# t6 Q4 O: M
2 F( S6 |: b5 o
sep + ~7 A6 [5 ?. v3 l The delimiter according which to split the string.' W" T. _) I+ j$ \% Y
None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, 9 f& S; }3 D( j- k- m and discard empty strings from the result.9 N/ D+ F% x' J5 _; r& f' s
maxsplit 3 Z8 X% I. x7 N% E9 ` |4 B: [ Maximum number of splits to do. 4 @& t" q" t! j { -1 (the default value) means no limit.; x9 f: k1 N0 F
""" + R( n( Z! G6 B3 c1 | pass; Z. K0 l# [4 J5 f' K; u
" e6 d% k1 n; \$ p/ u5 D9 w" ^; o def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown' Z) M. V0 ^# |$ A
""" I8 h1 B. [( K% X/ i9 p! ^$ H; g
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.% l1 Y" o8 V" Q! [! ^/ T
& [( t0 n; R( Z Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and 6 w( B, M0 {$ O3 C6 z true. ! f% J* K6 W. d """. ]9 `+ ^! k/ @! O$ x
pass 7 A# c! ~( O' Z9 K- X c( t # T* N- ]4 r* N6 L def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__, T) L& Y' v' y# T
""" , }2 ~- C. Z) `& e' |& z/ o) Y S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool% Y% S; A8 R6 @3 p! S7 }4 }) O
) I; L) q8 Z8 }2 N
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. % `3 k- o9 e3 @9 q' ?; s6 O" I With optional start, test S beginning at that position. # w/ e6 p& f& G" E7 V- P+ ? With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. " B5 j4 ~6 c4 \2 K7 l/ k prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.& U1 I+ `" ^* W7 {- ^
"""7 H3 z9 t8 F8 H/ C* Y ` f
return False! V& j* i0 h( _. J; z. u
# [6 {, k- `& l) C7 O def strip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown) P, n2 S- D3 E
"""6 j+ H- w& l! d1 V# S0 Z, m
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.8 {; Q6 Q' L8 q* P
1 \( H' l* p# l
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 3 V8 S; M- r. t, {' g! P2 [9 b8 m [% l# I7 r3 o6 m) R2 {' \
返回删除前导和尾随空格的字符串副本。3 j3 w( h% M, b. A6 U5 _
6 \4 ?9 z' L, O+ L/ N& l3 I4 a 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。# r1 w8 ^' H1 ~6 r) y, \+ ^% r6 D
""" % b9 K" `- ?& _" p& N8 T9 G pass' @2 S: R& Y h( ]0 n
z; o# K" b" } def swapcase(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown # a, t8 w4 d0 c" E0 X9 ~ """ Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase. """* @6 J6 e5 F2 P6 Y+ M0 S
pass " E# ]( v4 v! c( y / O7 }9 X5 B& ]1 f O5 ^8 K" z/ c def title(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown " @' E4 W$ p8 i7 [1 T/ f w# Z8 o: v """ {5 L+ @& D9 d6 Y5 V
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased." g- m! b9 \; s8 F1 b% A
" T, W3 M3 x! M
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining 2 F6 Z! v9 p8 [7 ?) e1 P cased characters have lower case. 5 ? D: m# {$ B. a% @ } """( l- S @" Y8 e2 Q/ F3 d
pass $ Q0 ?4 w/ y/ T4 K3 ~; J! Y 8 y) p$ A7 d5 M! j& `$ {, \3 w, U def translate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! ~5 H, @; v; W! a """ 8 x% c4 e$ g- n0 n4 P$ A0 M Replace each character in the string using the given translation table. $ X) @0 [& J. a! ?3 B# n/ b z$ V, P# P9 ~# O% W7 G2 D
table" `9 ]7 f5 J& f0 Q
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to+ H: ], P6 a W% v3 G: p u- o+ W
Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. 7 K) w! K! H. o& Q' D& j 7 z2 f9 P4 s* q9 Q1 } T' d7 E' R% M The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a$ t4 {) G/ N& @) i
dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is , R" A4 Y. @! o' g. {9 O left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted." v% F, E M3 h: U
""" 9 f% l; q! [5 @' ~& b5 Q pass* l) l4 K* R- G
9 i" {2 n& w2 ] def upper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown / a1 ?& c! k2 Y, C. P- ? """ Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase. """% C z$ b) a! k( y) q# B
pass - w. k3 R# y9 O4 z- B8 D5 b5 P# g N' S, X* c3 B$ \: r7 ^! [
def zfill(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown3 k' j' P) L: G/ `% A0 F
"""- [0 P( Y* p' W" j/ w2 [9 ^
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. % G$ ~& t5 a0 `# `5 l) K7 u. W- U, I7 T! r" u5 V
The string is never truncated.# P9 f4 ]# _5 s4 l, f2 N% \0 M1 P
""" ; {7 d, \4 K7 [1 c, y' n9 H0 x pass0 C! I$ h1 ?" w& V
7 a0 N2 e+ R9 F' t4 o1 D# Z def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 7 M9 l' I( r' ?5 [; h* N( k1 J """ Return self+value. """ 7 _! Q# Q. G$ `* r% g3 n! a pass + u: R U. \3 K# R/ x 9 ?: r. R( R! P0 C7 i+ W& r def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown3 R8 N5 M! l+ V
""" Return key in self. """ K1 _6 {" ]. ~
pass: o/ _' w/ n: l9 l
$ S; J, l5 ~& I, e& J5 c def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown t$ S- L" d2 Y- E; ? """ Return self==value. """- a5 l) {) v8 }' l0 P1 |9 N
pass . H5 C P* @# v l9 Q 7 U* Q, \ }; i+ W" r def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 D* J9 l8 x* J* ]
""" Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec. """ 7 L- H" Z5 ~2 u9 `* b }! ]3 Z+ I pass {, o* w- o' H3 D
7 M& U! z+ c' n& N$ L, H1 { def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown O D- R1 X9 n. |9 E; L8 Y """ Return getattr(self, name). """5 w- m/ s/ A$ r5 j7 p2 g
pass 6 S: E" C% s6 i3 ~# R" Y8 X3 ~2 e# K" Y0 i$ c0 H' F4 E2 F
def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown- H7 Z# C+ _8 F) y1 D) D
""" Return self[key]. """ + e+ q; A* E" Z' p& c pass ( T& E6 B! s, M5 ]% I5 a/ A q# d3 G
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown " l+ O7 t# ?; H3 Y' l I: L! Z3 j pass5 p$ n Z. v% c/ |4 Z- O
! R5 t' Q8 r8 W3 j; z+ f% H9 L: C5 k def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown' A, f) ^" s3 t* @1 G
""" Return self>=value. """5 R y8 ?) Z# o6 D' E( I
pass 5 j. n2 K! \. |3 u. s 0 T- I6 H& s. M: a def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * c7 l7 Y7 V* Y7 R8 N """ Return self>value. """ ' r/ _! }7 R: y+ ? pass ' d' H2 h) h; L0 v5 _& p6 P" r4 b ; ]3 x( s& ?; c* h( M6 q F' R def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. M9 x8 B( A: W% I. S# C9 l6 O
""" Return hash(self). """% q- i& n; Q& p, {
pass" b+ u7 ` B2 {3 g4 `- F3 T
$ M5 r4 b( @$ K def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__8 u, J; u+ ]( A0 g* R0 i9 G0 V
""" " }: V+ u) w% c5 t/ E str(object='') -> str 1 K' i2 K6 q1 o% w% m a0 w" Y& r str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str : v; a4 N0 E) M/ W4 L7 m: t4 ~% T6 N/ `! h1 @
Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or9 h/ O3 |) P6 q( v
errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer ! d8 ~5 w! j" j/ D9 t5 i( W" U" N: O that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. + F/ x0 z; {7 S Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)2 f* i/ i8 V7 }
or repr(object). " m6 Q% ^. X7 {5 c' O) |2 U encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().! R0 [* U9 {6 n# y; [
errors defaults to 'strict'.: N+ h7 _- B$ {6 w
# (copied from class doc) 0 j* M% y r- V( Z) l; A$ Y """ 7 w% C0 L( u# ]" I( x9 {- ]/ f% q pass # D( x' D2 i! T" z/ ?/ v7 H/ }" ^1 k6 I
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; W; H: x6 ` \5 F0 B0 C% {. j """ Implement iter(self). """! F3 F" [! @3 `$ v' U+ r# u
pass - h8 i7 ]; K. D; K2 n9 t$ B+ ~" y ' @) p4 a7 D9 Y- l def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( h: H9 Y: ?: B
""" Return len(self). """ : N, p! ^. ]3 H pass( Y/ c3 y3 a+ d
, `* `8 h/ }7 m7 U J/ }7 ]: j, N def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown - a- x% g+ G6 c6 t! L8 E [& v """ Return self<=value. """ P1 G, C: r8 ]0 p o pass$ v( n/ S$ l5 C5 d
& j( G4 B$ L U+ X2 T
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 U `% ~& G! c """ Return self<value. """ ; C3 M0 G# o) k3 H% c pass' w! w! m$ S$ b2 ^6 `1 i) _
) R0 l/ A' C9 H' W- ~
def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown2 c/ b, |- u2 g
""" Return self%value. """ 6 k) Z; w! L% o+ Q. p* M8 i3 L pass; E6 g) O0 O" U
) M0 B$ K" e* Y ~ def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( {5 J) W! r) `0 @% Z- R, ]) s) s """ Return self*value. """6 N) G4 p$ }9 G6 |. m% _
pass . d( c+ g, ?1 l( H* V' _. \& s * N: K& V; Z# e" x( p5 C+ G @staticmethod # known case of __new__ 1 G b0 @8 Y( M3 c, T def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown# q* e( X0 V7 a3 h6 |
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """; Z0 n0 |2 k: c1 v8 \6 U
pass 3 q, l5 H# n3 B2 c) `/ T, A9 I2 @+ N G- F8 i
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 0 f) ?* v2 Y: W2 @) _ """ Return self!=value. """ " x. V) y1 |$ Y9 t% {, P( g pass4 {! [0 ? P A5 Y. H! ~
5 y4 C: h" T9 P- R/ ? def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown3 c9 s- Z. ~- u5 N/ ]
""" Return repr(self). """ 7 l& Q9 h9 I1 w1 X* G2 p( F) L pass7 v4 L( a* j2 ^6 i O8 K. a
6 |" t' j1 E( a; X# l% N" A' }4 ]
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 D, q9 Z; ~" u; Q# @6 |, U
""" Return value%self. """# G: l2 q- W' v
pass6 r+ s5 n$ f3 p. Z! w/ u* P. Q, D
/ T, f) W; F. ~) z5 D0 D9 t
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , o o* Q! j" T# p" P """ Return value*self. """, o1 j; T% p+ m$ M( R! t4 D
pass + l+ N' b/ F$ Z4 R! |( r' ]4 [% c % c7 ^3 J0 B4 B def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown/ m1 F0 u2 r; A1 u
""" Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes. """ 3 X; U' Y' B* G7 t9 H pass ( u1 n* A) }7 f: z6 X: A5 M + o" v. R" B3 b5 a+ e* T def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 0 ^0 F0 X( j% L) a( I, L """ Return str(self). """* M9 c/ t% z- j+ \' W. x) z
pass 6 s6 t' \# @8 r t- Z0 c5 @& g6 @% A6 W6 u. B5 w, G
1/ V s3 I% b- y1 C4 F
2 5 x+ b Z0 B/ y8 F& M2 _0 V' a2 i3 * A4 w; r9 T8 Q( Y; U; y" m4 S3 P45 j4 k+ U3 L- f" [+ Y# Q
5 + I- y6 v- U, a3 ~( E9 N( `6 ! c; e2 a- Q: P, `& f7+ f# H9 B0 J+ i, c. U
8! p# P% D& T. i; m
9 & z0 f9 f/ {, @& k10 # B- T7 y+ x% Z" e11$ D) D+ K' s2 C: S
12# k* t3 i) F7 {9 O( y( g9 e# u
13; ^! O8 M4 R; R o! t1 L0 I
144 x! m& g8 \: s* W) ~" M: ~* D0 v
15/ [2 X# ~1 ]9 n- F$ f1 r
16 # S7 @ [; `9 t, w3 k# p W3 W175 L8 V; S& h" R- E$ d) v' G8 a
18 * R1 n, }3 s$ [1 |199 V% n3 G3 F" s2 Q# }+ K
20% l+ _* s6 b% T% F
219 H/ T3 r! B) S$ k7 ?7 T0 V
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238 f* e. ^& p5 ]4 d
24 7 |' i; h- @( m% Q' F. V, h! i25 : G' H9 {7 z7 U4 G; c7 k! [3 B& j7 T26 8 z. k! E: z& \7 ^" [: L27 8 [9 \* ]+ Z- m% P& N6 W s28 B, T1 u0 U0 k29 + G$ v& ?7 x0 t* ~30 + T3 C! ?3 s5 `1 O. b3 F6 D4 m312 m. I1 F' w* q1 q
32 ' i3 H/ z- v: `& h1 r. C7 C& R33 % i; i n* @% u2 d; ]8 ]34 6 \8 w# M! I9 B% K35 ( L' K% T( a2 `: Z, |; }3 h& F364 z; f, I7 z4 }4 A
37 % n/ \* N6 x; A: X1 q ?: |, H) R38 # t, F# x& d9 f! Q39 " x! e! L5 [& T) R40% k# Y5 Q+ g: x( D( s; E
41 7 A' w9 }2 Y- z42- R) X6 g$ R, ]* `7 G
43 ) R0 g. T+ `/ S3 {8 T440 E z' f& j8 n
453 X, v" W/ l" W! E
46 ' |% R9 P2 N0 v5 `47$ x- a1 F& n0 p6 m6 h# ?& f% `
483 X& D5 _$ ]9 u0 k- K, Y
49 - h: L/ `2 t) \* {50' b, ^) ~% y& h7 [- g) W7 o4 [
51' }& k. ]# y5 Z' X
525 n% O& c* A2 S& g
53 , Y) L% @. l8 z5 k! c54. e( a! `2 K$ j
553 r9 k. M3 \+ L' u
56 2 u+ H; D" x9 d9 ]! H7 d57$ J5 O6 h# K: `: V/ `: z# j
58 ( q4 D/ D" J5 U ~& j! n59 6 a u5 V+ ]. h* J, m* [& h60 ; D7 b1 h5 w/ [61- f \1 d3 d7 O# c
623 \0 b e0 \9 i! O: z. ^ c
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541* b: R, W2 h2 A9 Z4 @* W
542: i9 ~7 ?2 T4 U n! \+ B
5435 G) K9 @# X, t
544 M6 y: q& H. D6 y" i) x- }1 x5450 l7 D. { m) O) M
546 & g$ b. g7 L: r6 p547 3 C, U' s: f0 G7 q0 z548 / s& O# R/ ~. i4 k' H3 T549 & C, Y, K+ ~0 J8 U; ?550, `4 s/ v' R4 ^, s2 |5 m
551( o" [1 {- I5 p/ q! z, e
552 & J. [, U7 r \+ x+ J5 t553 f' F. A: w0 O0 n+ M554 0 x! T1 |) p% {% D5557 S# b! C# H- {0 Q
556 ! C- e3 r0 A+ ]: K5 q7 w, x7 m557 9 F! l3 o8 Z/ L, G558 ) v5 \$ y8 ?& E/ t% a0 k- B2 V0 {559 ) U& d$ u6 n) y0 M8 ]6 R560 4 b: d& D2 x- |# `2 Y# U8 E561 $ k( @1 I8 [- [2 q: E562 + p1 f0 X8 M& U$ ?563/ C# l% j& M( A+ j' K
5645 M, R* }# G: ?. i& M: U5 O
5651 U# t4 d2 C" _* Q9 K, l
566 ! Q) y/ G1 u4 G+ ~6 r. I8 A$ g& S! i; ^567 g$ ^1 W% T1 m$ g# E# c- ^568 7 k) H% W! H1 y- Z5 C' H6 j* s569 . [+ l. e, t' M# Q% F9 w7 Z570 " L6 e; H# U2 d9 D* w# g571 p& v% J% m( j$ |
572 ; O* l2 t, A, P, D% w; r9 b573% \; B4 |/ U* X# @- c
574! l5 a0 K3 p' B: p. Z, l3 |
5759 {9 u' T2 s, b, M4 W, k" I
5762 V5 P" y9 U9 ]; }& I+ V
577 $ n2 O1 Z# z& {5784 Q) w: D* p0 T$ \
579 7 O: [* M2 h5 ~; {2 [580( Y; z0 n% d0 v6 f- ]
5818 u" s/ g6 D1 T4 C6 `; [( x
582 3 T4 p' m% F k' g# Z! H583 & R6 f- @, \/ Z4 i# W% Z584' ^, v1 s0 h/ `/ p1 k) ?
5857 }$ Z1 f' P h- u* i: \ h
586( p5 ?! G& f& |+ b8 t/ B' e; L# }
587 ~# M5 s1 M6 s7 q, m% {4 e
588 5 Q: F |% {# ~) Z589% K# K' J" a" s7 ]) ?( S$ H: H5 Z$ _
590 _% z, `0 n; m
591 % x. w q" a4 t. T: Z$ b" k' O592 + X3 G. I4 X+ ?" P; F593. g; Y4 t: d6 Y: M: B/ c; ~: S+ J- l' D
594 : r( t! |3 U5 H: Q6 O [3 C1 _5953 ^) q: |; X( @, T
5964 W/ z# {5 H# i4 g. w! i
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601) u) d5 ^5 |) t) N) V7 n
602 2 o: h2 i. e* Q* X; `7 }603 3 p, Q! K4 R9 ]604 - Z+ N' X" T Q M605/ Z# o: D! d% |/ `1 P S" y
606 3 h$ `8 u5 F; e& D7 o6078 T4 A& b: D _3 }
608 `8 }: | W* N, K609* ]! f& \+ v* H. Z, }# W
6100 w2 E# R' f2 Y4 z& Z' H
611 & h( Z& j. S! f- v8 B# f612 " T0 }+ R; I4 g# v613% ]5 X$ y, h# f* c8 T) a
6144 ?( R: w' w4 m7 |8 P4 d# ^
615) z, \2 K9 {: a7 _3 B
616 # f3 I8 Z; {8 q% @; y617! @3 b" ~/ Z9 D( N% D( O; g
618 3 [/ ]& G; J- t: v' k$ p619# ]. S' d& _. O9 M3 N
620 ( ?1 {% q; H* ~3 J$ h6 P2 W; z- A6210 }1 ]/ |6 O5 O
622" X# c R( | F7 y6 A2 q5 J% i
623 + S) X- t& H* b624 0 u; [3 [# a5 z, Y+ ~4 [625 + ?8 Y8 I/ x7 `) e6 i9 K- I1 Y3 q626 $ w1 s* W" p9 c627 1 g9 z7 _& }+ P7 @ _7 T; C628 " i" o3 T* g+ h629 % m# T" S% D) S; Z630" ^7 A* R$ D- ^* X7 Y
631 * N8 d8 S e. B; V" \) X3 R632 & U# `5 w+ [8 o7 P7 T1 I633 : J5 L! S* V0 W/ R% {- f/ H634 5 Q& ~+ V8 n- \/ V3 I/ E: i6 G# O635 " R3 M. L D& L0 Q( D6367 V$ T9 @% e3 N( P
1.字符串操作符 ( s' q3 @+ v5 J# J操作符 描述 ) T5 }4 l& v. P' a( T+ x+y,连接两个字符串x和y4 p- J3 \7 l; i# R& }, q' @
* x*n或n*x,复制n次字符串x7 k7 o0 N4 K1 V% U
in x in s,如果x是s的字串,返回True,否则返回False 9 o6 X7 A6 w- d0 W1 u! E2.字符串处理函数 - A" B# ]% I% d- n5 a' L; _. Y/ N函数 描述7 w& Z* z+ d& |7 ^ }9 n F( @- i
len(x) 返回字符串x的长度,也可返回其它组合数据类型元素的个数& X% `) j/ ^& ^6 a, @* m4 L
str(x) 返回任意类型x所对应的字符串形式4 u3 }- a8 k% x
char(x) 返回Unicode编码x对应的单字符: R2 _5 ^! y" ]( Z
ord(x) 返回x表示的Unicode编码# [3 r& X0 W1 H
hex(x) 返回整数x对应十六进制的小写形式字符串 0 H' _" Z T: [8 H" A& yoct(x) 返回整数x对应八进制的小写形式字符串6 N7 F# T0 S/ H7 U- {% E+ T. p
3.字符串处理方法. E0 E5 I! @) Z# N4 K0 C
方法 描述* @3 h% g& r" K3 P& l
s.lower() 字符串s全部转为小写" P. i' o9 E9 |9 c1 b8 C
s.upper() 字符串s全部转为大写0 {7 K5 {2 _: O# \% g) @; ]
s.split(sep=None) 返回一个列表,由s根据sep被分割的部分构成,省略sep默认以空格分割 ) n: t; T1 Y) | `s.count(sub) 返回字串sub出现的次数 * R7 y' z9 X ^( A) ^s.replace(old, new) 返回字符串s的副本,所有old字串被替换为new0 d/ G4 k% X2 n3 d) e' F0 C, g
s.center(width, fillchar) 字符串居中函数,fillchar参数可选+ Z; m+ u' G' `5 x* v
s.strip(chars) 从字符串s中去掉咋其左侧和右侧chars中出现的字符- H& W1 p: c4 ]) h
s.join(iter) 将iter变量的每一个元素增加一个s字符串5 H# q# n) S8 u) I
4.字符串的查询操作 ! }8 s/ H, M3 E- \& d/ d& r8 v方法名称 作用 . P$ z/ q& @! ]9 i" E* P) } aindex() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 . L6 Z3 [5 f% Y1 ^# P! o! f1 ^rindex() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 0 T! [% D0 I4 afind() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1 + ^1 [$ J* [. x0 j2 ]4 Trfind() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-16 l" r1 v# H7 k r( `2 s
''' u3 n1 J3 B) O7 n0 Z! j7 j
index()查找第一次出现的位置 抛异常( ~: Q* V& R9 d( K8 W3 Q4 s
rindex()查找最后一次次出现的位置 抛异常, `$ C9 D& }' L/ G1 K$ z2 N2 C; v* E
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find()查找第一次出现的位置 不抛异常,返回值为-14 y- t# O/ Q+ N8 g
rfind()查找最后一次出现的位置 抛异常, u! P% k$ L3 {9 W6 o6 V% l
'''* @. \9 Z' n4 d8 Q( v
s = 'hello,hello'$ G* x b, f- w! @ [9 N6 B- K; s
print(s.index('o')) % K- r5 i$ y# m0 G* y5 kprint(s.rindex('o')) e7 F W* y3 h5 U
print(s.find('lo')) 3 J' B |- D1 F- y2 d+ p8 n6 `print(s.find('ui')) # -1) a, Q. j) G% h# ?# G0 E9 ~
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9 }& A6 G' r r$ [6 }5.字符串大小写转换操作$ e, g% x9 `; f: X1 c4 V$ c
方法 作用 $ H) r9 b( l4 y/ G" @upper() 把所有的字符串转换为大写字母. m$ L2 \3 |2 r$ t: @9 Y9 i
lower() 把所有的字符串转换为小写字母- M- `( m" I! f
swapcase() 将大写字符转换为小写字符,将小写字符转换为大写字符。 2 {0 B! i% t$ i' ~capitalize() 使第一个字符为大写字母,其余字符为小写字母 % e) T; K8 E, | @title() 返回字符串的一个版本,其中每个单词都有标题。更具体地说,单词以大写字母开头,其余都以大写字母开头区分大小写的字符小写。 1 m, X: P$ e6 p# 字符串的大小写转换 % X. @- B, s: N/ s, L# 1.upper()把字符串中的所有字符转为大写 2 w8 C+ Z' |% k# 2.lower()把字符串中的所有字符都转换为小写 ; b1 W. O4 b" Y: o# 3.swap case() 大转小,小转大 c* d0 m1 u# D2 X# 4.capitalize()把第一个字符转为大写,其余字符转为小写" I% {+ ?# d7 i0 b2 W }
# 5.title()把字符串首字母转换为大写,把剩余的转换为小写2 X+ P; H# Q5 {4 I6 v. Y
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s = 'hellopython'* B) H4 H( o* [
print(s.upper()) # 转大写 : Y. B$ C3 z2 x, H& y, P/ Dprint(s.lower()) # 转换后id改变,会产生一个新的空间) q l8 E2 u/ c$ U( W E% d e
print(s.swapcase()) 3 K; x' W T* w2 |! {print(s.capitalize())( `1 t I+ s0 @
print(s.title()): S; R r2 K! U' D6 H
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/ V; K& z0 b' A9 z7 c $ h5 q: i. B q& `% i1 S6.字符串内容对齐操作方法 $ Z$ X$ ^3 k0 v/ d3 g* c方法 作用* [2 s3 `- X, \, C6 `+ I: M
center(width,'') 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。: B$ c- S# m3 C- v
ljust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。) ]# w: E+ \ ~5 A- C
rjust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。. P8 j- Y8 ^1 ~6 j! w, x
zfill('int') 在左侧填充数字字符串,以填充给定宽度的字段。字符串永远不会被截断。 / m) A* f# Z& P1 o3 x# t, B'''字符串的对其操作'''6 ^9 @( R: v/ x2 Y; q* Q8 k, w+ T* N. P* u
# 1.center 居中对齐 8 A# R- |5 J# u; S4 l- Js = 'hello,python'; f0 {3 O& p1 Z! X
print(s.center(100, '*')). K1 p. y6 @7 S1 Z7 @3 U8 U* v/ e
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# 2.ljust 左对齐 6 F7 b( `' V& v- s& eprint(s.ljust(100, '*')) 7 m* x( _+ s9 X) Y) O- p " }. p1 i$ N. A, b) m7 i# 3.rjust 右对齐8 a' v. \5 c8 X7 G; n
print(s.rjust(100, '*')) $ g: V6 R2 i9 Z; E U4 x+ G- T C- K: A8 h
# 3.zfill 右对齐,左侧为0填充 . q/ R8 i5 G! Tprint(s.zfill(100))- m5 _; N1 R' o+ `7 P0 c* S
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12 ; D- x9 T5 M, w1 m+ ~! ]13 / ?7 v% b5 l" p. C ; s; V8 X+ e) v6 }, L* d+ w! S 0 }# L& A# d6 J9 t- O! k7.字符串的劈分操作* m8 E: K. @. K
方法 作用7 d3 m3 S7 Q$ E
split() 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。sep用来分割字符串的分隔符。None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。maxsplit最大分割次数。-1(默认值)表示无限制。! u" q2 Q7 s! i+ n) ^9 o
rsplit() 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。sep用来分割字符串的分隔符。None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。maxsplit最大分割次数。-1(默认值)表示无限制。劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。, G" y" ^/ f: f- O& N6 q
# 字符串的劈分操作 split & F2 P7 B @1 [1 \0 d. O# 1. split从字符串左侧开始分割,默认值为空格字符串,返回值是一个列表8 y+ s8 j. V) {( x% N. A c
# 以通过参数sep指定劈分字符串是劈分符 ) Z8 f! N. c. c8 ]# 通过maxsplit指定劈分字符串的最大劈分次数& a6 J- [! F! D& C; x
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s = 'hello#world#python' ( _# O" S. ]* y' j4 Rlst = s.split('#'); ~' @3 a0 @0 E3 N) \
print(lst) ! u( w6 o1 d2 ss1 = 'hello|world|python' + A1 z Z% }6 d/ b1 q" x' y0 cprint(s1.split())* M2 l) H+ s: z x9 ~/ w Y
print(s1.split(sep='|'))# h" F$ N% }3 ^0 `( U4 n9 Y
print(s1.split())# ^0 s; _7 t+ X1 d/ |) c7 T
s1 = 'hello|world|python' % o' n. I4 F" h6 w% Zprint(s1.split()) % q; y% l3 A) e$ \9 M. ?print(s1.split(sep='|', maxsplit=1)) ! I/ m; y; r1 J+ v. h; A# 以参数sep 指定劈分字符串是劈分符 ( `0 m( x( s$ p' ?" O+ q0 {print('-----------------------')6 i& C" q* `' b