w* ^4 v! \4 B/ p# M'''sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象''' + v% Q! J. n0 b7 ~$ mimport sys - s9 k% p4 ?2 Q' Q1 W7 ha = 'abc%'9 o" E/ T4 r4 i% q2 Y
b = 'abc%' " M" f4 {3 q: Y. d2 m0 Sprint(a is b) # True % Q. E, R5 i' L( w& qa = sys.intern(b)- T) u: n4 O0 o _, d- S+ Q
print(id(a), id(b)) # 2989905230512 2989905230512( m, L: [' w9 M4 A% r0 g6 I5 U" e
t2 ~" t9 ~8 w5 A; y12 d8 {1 V; j% V5 C+ d: A
2 - L: i+ A( ^4 s: Y3 8 s6 w9 Y- c9 {9 ~4 h2 G41 @2 h. l6 ]5 W2 |6 r
5 4 x6 _& n: e; F' j! O6% M8 ~/ y2 t, ]" H8 ?
7- v: r" j) D- b% D+ Q
8 & ?. }. O9 C& S0 O5 @ f5. PyCharm对字符串进行了优化处理 6 i9 f$ i: O2 d6.字符串驻留机制的优缺点 L# S' T3 i5 c# j! P) r 当需要值相同的字符串时,可以直接从字符串池里拿来使用,避免频繁的创建和销毁,提升效率和节约内存,因此拼接字符串和修改字符串是会比较影响性能的。 6 b% `0 v; C$ X7 p& {# C( c- H0 f/ n$ C
在需要进行字符串拼接时建议使用 str类型的join方法,而非+ ,因为join()方法是先计算出所有字符中的长度,然后再拷贝,只new一次对象,效率要比"+"效率高 。! S* ]9 i7 { r& [* m
h! k. s5 m% P% Z* `; [( e
二、字符串类型的操作$ m; J: a2 H: h! S2 d. O
Python类str内置源码: 5 |+ F0 q3 V' g. O5 A4 c2 Y! R1 b, O7 \4 p
class str(object):0 C; H) O2 K( i- | L T4 ~
""" 4 |- S0 H# V4 ~) L6 i1 C+ |' L6 ~( }) y str = "(对象)——> str " Q+ R1 Q' I! V0 x0 B0 M 4 G5 n, O7 f& [# i! ? Str (bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> Str4 p/ r( p$ p9 o3 S) Y: T, ?' a
6 v c, q% i+ A 从给定的对象创建一个新的字符串对象。如果编码或,则对象必须公开数据缓冲区" ?. V, k* ~4 T. _6 T
将使用给定的编码和错误处理程序进行解码。' |* D, V- o$ d" n3 b0 t
; T8 s) e, h0 V' X! x- @1 j$ H 否则,返回object.__str__()的结果(如果已定义)或repr(对象)。/ B2 {$ J1 Q' n7 L7 ^8 I& b* ]& u+ C
3 _, c# L1 I6 D1 i- n' S4 z9 t+ W9 z1 [ 编码默认为sys.getdefaultencoding()。 / j1 e$ j) g, q 5 e& S( M+ V& `5 _5 _( N6 Q
Errors默认为'strict'。. V% t) Q* r, p6 M% W7 J1 t
""" D( S+ B4 I& g4 e def capitalize(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 8 g7 a; J2 D* }6 T """2 U3 }) z* ]8 K1 |; ~6 d. [
Return a capitalized version of the string.8 x. e- B& _$ A+ o T1 s
' Y" n: D, P: q$ i1 }+ L) g More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower ) W* X7 G2 x, Q2 L* g% K3 l case. ( t- L `+ j4 y4 M" l% R """- N6 |: z: F* G: O% I
pass # L* A- V( h& w* a9 W& e/ S( `( j' }/ S2 \' U8 q% D4 g
def casefold(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 j1 C4 `8 W. j0 i* o2 n( H
""" Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons. """ 2 w+ r% P' A+ Y pass * z; u% `) Z0 ~ y 2 k# S. G4 j$ [: x def center(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; V2 a& g" l( |, e """, } T0 w, a4 @8 M
返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。 6 g6 P v8 c7 [- ^9 L, I* b: e% j6 Q% f) R3 y4 A
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。' R/ g: s( n+ p f, y& C5 z" q
"""" ~3 F% F/ n6 d' x
pass " w, D1 c6 g5 h5 c9 _, Q' }( h0 \/ D" a# }' C- \
def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 7 G( u/ J- G% W# ~ W1 j2 a( V """- V8 _ j! N6 h7 U* `! U: r
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> . x: ^8 b% |/ v8 V; J* c
. ]. K& W6 ?- X
int .count(sub[, start[, end]]返回子字符串sub in不重叠出现的次数 3 X% ] a& d, ^4 ]6 ]7 r # c: ~* `% _3 G! W; a 字符串(开始:结束)。可选参数start和end是用切片表示法解释。; v; }& c' P1 P, k- ~9 C
""" 0 k* {' N# W0 f0 o return 0# q- g$ d# k: P: j4 P
R" O: h7 L" X; d! u/ b2 k
def encode(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( G1 e8 \8 F+ J* v% q" S. d( T
"""* ]" B; U, V! C. x( `4 B
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding. 8 w: \( ^$ z( {7 H& F - [* n0 E1 q- }0 g" q/ p3 p. Q/ A" r encoding + S/ B% L8 Z; { V9 s2 }' _ The encoding in which to encode the string. , x' M9 v# [* P- @9 }. E2 ` errors- q% K- {: D: G6 A; `4 x& _0 w+ t6 ^3 \
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors.* S! }/ W9 Y9 m; t. N# R; q# S% u I
The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a 3 q1 r" l1 o. M- X2 B/ v( U) }( O7 d UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and8 H3 L9 @ s* A# v
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with + P9 j- c, X6 O" B% d% R1 q codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. ; t8 { ?/ y5 w* c; a8 e7 f + K3 V0 {. S; a# P2 P L- p: t( B 使用注册用于编码的编解码器对字符串进行编码。0 a- ?6 ?$ A ]3 }. ]
# S, g% e$ S- R' Z9 {
编码 7 l8 ]7 `. E3 [3 | 用于编码字符串的编码方式。# o! W0 F- k: t7 R* L
错误 q) L5 a$ }1 K- t 用于编码错误的错误处理方案。; `# c8 K/ l5 x
默认值是'strict',意味着编码错误会引发UnicodeEncodeError。 # Q9 j) Y2 \& x. q( C- N2 M 其他可能的值有'ignore', 'replace'和'xmlcharrefreplace'以及注册的任何其他名称编解码器。 $ p5 O+ S2 t4 }" e8 L- R 可以处理UnicodeEncodeErrors的register_error。 9 S# L$ e0 o. `9 }5 n& _, E """ 1 L+ W* \( o) i* F pass + C& ?/ B% V/ [0 e( e+ P0 Z1 Z! M7 l7 D, C C1 I
def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__; h$ u* Z9 L9 ]- j$ _
""" 4 c4 ?0 e3 |; Z S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool ' ?; Z2 @+ ~9 v+ S u; L ' H1 T1 E- e) P8 u8 n Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. 9 b! E3 n( @$ b& [ c: [ With optional start, test S beginning at that position.4 y! V# m4 X9 Z% m+ B1 d/ c
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.2 o6 {- V/ z4 U: ?; U! |1 b
suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.0 c9 m- p" p E0 `6 s: M9 q
"""9 T, I+ k' y7 G8 s4 \
return False * Y8 X' D$ X+ T, w6 x' O % p* ]0 }6 C- P$ ]$ h def expandtabs(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown & a5 Z' h) D2 @6 C# T """ * ?& r0 P% [7 f2 Z( U6 g0 Z Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. $ q7 m3 n# ?2 j4 z. _3 x, I7 { : w0 R# ]' f3 F: G6 e If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. : e" C- z" ?5 C; ~6 E' D """: N4 g+ z3 z' k+ I% r4 P. O
pass " @ e# o' ^$ I% `. ]% s& I' g* J% k, h7 `# y( Z$ \+ R$ H# l
def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 9 `! ~9 Q0 i/ f """ & g' N+ `0 ^' W* A, u/ K S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int2 L6 a3 U" t* V% D" g! J, o' B
- F' { E4 t6 @4 C8 L& ]6 ~ Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,8 G5 W! z$ }: u. F: Z
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 7 a) P4 a" |* n, B5 j: a# A arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. # j9 E) @ `% o; \0 M# z+ l o' {* x0 l0 ^; d$ I
Return -1 on failure. # w t! \/ X- z# `) q- C# ] 8 s6 z3 ]: E6 a+ g( c S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int . R% b9 J* A" p4 C1 m, f 6 }4 z7 W8 [4 j 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。 # V: i4 |8 j) U* s7 R' z 可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。6 `; p& R' B) }8 o
5 I8 F; V9 B* Q1 x 失败时返回-1。4 @2 z a1 O [ ^+ q! w1 ]
& q/ e& u; Z4 {3 p& J- C
"""+ x: w, t' a0 u! ~! t
return 0 - ?% P+ r5 V2 g# i9 L7 A3 r: ^8 P. E6 g- \$ T3 D
def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format( o5 r7 W( Q' N" Q7 e
""" 0 X9 u9 S% j7 t/ @ S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str % t# I9 K8 H/ {7 i3 D: N/ B. D' {+ R C$ h
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.% t. c, K* \" I \ F E7 u* R+ y) o7 S
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}')., O- g7 `' x) p! s% \
( [- `& @( X% y- u& S- o* `
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str - Z, D; O; \+ a7 f" Y Z/ f( ^2 T$ H0 T2 x8 o
使用args和kwargs的替换,返回S的格式化版本。 " @; ?% ^6 S! f5 N% a7 T! l 替换由大括号('{'和'}')标识。 3 \. ^0 j% q4 M$ _: t, g L """* I0 ]) _* C: ?, E0 [
pass 8 |5 z# r5 c$ S; r8 T $ M" s; k/ [9 ]$ w def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ & X9 K- `- G( @# d3 g """ # g9 i& z4 m; a6 ~; j S.format_map(mapping) -> str 3 i" H' D8 A. V/ Y! O" j) y6 c5 o; `4 N# e" M- l9 j
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping., V% M: e' k$ K# T ?& D) K
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). ( M: O+ G0 p$ b/ A, H) q0 G """ 3 a8 S, k4 G, N return ""5 k% w4 `# K4 J+ v
/ L# Y* W$ l$ s5 c8 B" [2 u4 e def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ / C+ C% }- r1 |% w& x9 I- x) ] """ . g5 H, ~) x! \+ k0 g. m: p. v S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int3 N- @- ^# d( b8 w/ J
" e9 _8 f! R; s" K Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,. r. m7 X% R' W! z, [
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional( b# e4 N) @9 U8 J2 f: x8 e" I
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. ) {+ C7 E5 }8 Y 2 X, S) ^ V# J6 N$ I6 j0 [) k1 p Raises ValueError when the substring is not found. ' |8 j. F/ ~# ]% R: O3 m4 c' W& T8 v- f8 y3 ` x
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 5 q/ B" H' p8 v1 [; V' Y- n
.index(sub[, start[, end]] 8 S8 p7 r" r) I( ^1 H! W ' O( ` e* r9 b4 B: r/ x 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。 2 ~8 C ^$ Z+ ^! E, o( }# |0 y 可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。 % ]" r4 M, l) Q6 h; O' N7 A) N + ^4 z0 q8 k. g8 I4 |$ j
当没有找到子字符串时引发ValueError。5 t% c' N \0 y" w: W! Y2 J
""" # }1 v0 k' h( w4 L2 M% e* o2 _ return 0; U0 l+ a' D* r& p
7 W4 J% z* }4 ` def isalnum(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown `; c; G+ p) {/ ?. |# G """% t _2 L7 G7 z
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.1 n8 P7 O" o9 Y: e
& U: b$ O5 u7 W7 H, D# ^. x
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and 4 v& V; Z0 l2 G7 z6 S; B# g there is at least one character in the string. 8 l( u8 C; r- K# c ?8 [ """( C# {8 h0 L( w7 A& T, z% B7 Q
pass) @1 x3 L4 r2 v; H' D$ V
' n/ i; d+ P8 z# O' {: f! w* h
def isalpha(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 I7 M1 G' g8 I, F """8 @! t L |# z8 l/ U
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise. , F G9 Q. c% d7 O m+ G+ m) Z/ j- ^( X5 V
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there 3 O0 Y* ~9 I9 T1 h' @ is at least one character in the string. 9 @ J( k0 I8 `6 h1 {: K" n0 E( | """ ( z" [1 J: N. [2 D pass 6 G3 @4 G: V3 u& M( \ Q$ a1 e: Y0 l5 G0 U
def isascii(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . n: R7 P8 q0 j- P& q """2 N% F. t+ G" D
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise. . t, V+ R" u" y+ X; w8 d. r$ X2 r+ i# b/ r
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. " j6 ^$ a! ]- N2 v+ I4 u Empty string is ASCII too. 3 `6 @7 J9 u% B& R. _# N- B1 D% ~ """ ( _8 t- N- g' o Y pass 6 n+ X0 |5 o& ~% W+ ?8 s p* G& q4 _# b; E& @5 p7 u, O5 b7 q
def isdecimal(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 V* Q) N3 X2 {/ H: E """( @) H, ~+ R8 q1 e* O6 w
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise. ) ^$ p0 o) }5 R6 W: A. p4 w7 Q- T9 ~! @& a! }2 K
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and2 I$ O B2 n& W7 h" W4 N
there is at least one character in the string. 9 f0 V- H/ _0 H6 \* h' _ """' i! K0 x- i* s$ L. b/ M' q9 L
pass - Q% W1 a* c3 n& o! `; q m0 W( \; {( h D" }
def isdigit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown# E4 U( d: g8 j
"""2 @& `& ]* O. Z( P( W& n: y+ g
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise. + H8 d4 C! O' o# Y+ g+ l+ ?- Y7 l0 y7 U. ]2 m2 ^
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there$ [; D- D( h; ~% l% p
is at least one character in the string. l1 d- ~, e; |1 |; K+ h% M """ 2 r# j. |4 n) v3 _ pass 4 H p, L2 I- o. u( G* `, i% c) b1 D" h
def isidentifier(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 s! x4 E5 y$ `, k8 R4 g5 i) D( I- F+ ? """ ) i% m5 C% V. O; J# a8 q Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.0 k+ W+ I2 U+ W3 C( e8 e! Q
8 V* l \8 n* s, Y1 p4 @7 G
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, # Q& d3 {# Q3 O& M* s such as "def" or "class".5 r( q* j& L5 N- M4 \4 Y
"""2 Z, B8 h; j. O/ f# K! D* X
pass, g; ?/ ^# U3 j
& v/ i" s: L! Y5 c' j5 u1 | def islower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown/ H- W0 U: C6 m# Z$ n
"""" k! \& h+ k7 {5 ^: x. _1 p( v& J
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise. , Y) L" z- [6 p% x/ k6 f, D' E1 y4 H$ \" O9 J
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and : f3 ?1 Q. M/ _7 b, T6 x# u there is at least one cased character in the string. + }7 L, b E- {: H """) y+ y, h4 I5 P. H- M& ]
pass 6 h) T& x7 m$ H3 M! R0 B& A7 i/ ]3 A# R. Q" d J+ e( Q! g9 |; G
def isnumeric(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ H5 G& j# F: j: i" W """ , U& `. w. d& R4 d* u Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.1 h9 O! z, J3 V
, v) W8 F1 I8 C; M3 G; X# D
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at ; B6 `# ]' `. S1 Q) v least one character in the string.: o% {5 y- k' [9 M
"""8 u) a0 V8 l- H1 S( \% z
pass$ A8 B6 T4 D/ d$ w
7 r3 O! D0 }. c2 F4 V def isprintable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( N& Z7 M T! F. y """4 ?8 u) w& s! e- P# ~$ U9 d
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise. 7 ~0 E. k5 g- j' h- B# H( h4 Z, \! L5 Z5 ^9 z' A; K
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in: |5 D5 m# h3 f7 C
repr() or if it is empty.6 M+ i1 }% I5 l
"""6 m& A, Q! }: I2 ?7 c
pass f! p s! M$ N6 z ' V3 h0 J/ S$ l1 y% ~ def isspace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 p7 z- e" n- d& a """ H7 F0 F$ P# x% V" s9 ~# D. _ Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise./ h9 ]4 p z# s' c
% X0 f) S6 l5 x% }! d- n: ? A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there5 {) O* R7 ~" @) U5 k
is at least one character in the string." ?7 v, _0 q& m9 Q2 e
""" 5 G9 S5 J" Q" c! X* Z7 \; E pass ! j O5 A3 q! a8 Y ! O- y: C ?+ g" q. I8 j$ l def istitle(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown q* |6 r, ^9 {+ q2 e( y """6 h8 Y$ Q0 D* [$ U
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise. $ F. N9 q4 z( o. M5 z9 M1 ~: ]" t. F: Q3 z9 O# ~, a3 j' f) S
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only $ o) k: g6 e( k& ]7 x* ` follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.4 R. N$ H: D0 L" j
"""# H6 r, M$ G* c. z2 c1 F. L
pass8 B: f9 F5 {) q. j! R9 C) |
* T* Z4 H+ F% m+ H5 z- G def isupper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) X- r1 A4 e" v! P' Y V0 | """6 L4 W, S4 _6 m H
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise. : Q) @- s/ k2 h' L $ J* p- h: _; o: ~9 f A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and( F4 r0 t( G9 x% f$ |6 N+ ~
there is at least one cased character in the string. 3 n) b Z8 T1 T, ?+ W) H1 { """/ n8 z7 A7 K; u l; x
pass) @" j! {3 `. G7 _( P
: W3 b/ ^8 \/ g. ?" k/ `
def join(self, ab=None, pq=None, rs=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__' N5 X+ P2 J/ f! s9 @3 w5 I: K
""" 6 ~; J5 t+ ~, u Concatenate any number of strings. ) J) e. c6 c7 ` ; x' j! B- f' ^ The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string.# @( _2 o5 z& ~1 c0 u0 @- H0 S
The result is returned as a new string.( }3 ^1 M4 }$ `: k/ t
* I% s3 ~8 N8 a4 N
Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs' " M- O( X ]0 i S' c: f; O 3 P0 m$ i" F1 Q! `( g6 u 连接任意数量的字符串。 / ~& [0 {- `3 N! O7 v4 j% T% o, D' ^: s9 O9 K
调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。) {( B, R+ z. y/ p* O3 F3 D( ]
结果以新字符串的形式返回。 7 l/ P9 I4 N) c6 _. C 4 g( r; l% o0 j8 J+ E, k 例如:“。”。Join (['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs' 9 ?! s; H, b5 z4 M! H5 G8 ~0 F """ , q0 C2 E' L: P7 w pass ; _# ]. n( ]. `/ w6 Z, o) S/ M3 ~0 d6 z/ d- F, R0 P- ]
def ljust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown - {5 [2 q. Z: l9 ` """- y" }3 m! J1 O1 ?6 }
Return a left-justified string of length width.% f' }8 O+ O' X
; z, H; T% w4 M6 o+ r) Y( h Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space)., d, W3 u# I, P, _% C/ Q
# l1 t& J; x, Z$ y5 C/ A4 l: ~
返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。 # x1 \7 h, O' F3 F) v+ g7 \ 3 F# a) i* ? b: g% D9 a2 v 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。7 B! S# y8 n7 d' p# {8 G0 i6 |
""" 6 L, }4 X7 }! V- z, z5 I/ o1 i pass ) t. [1 c% I8 _' ?: } C" t1 i7 ]6 j: V! {. m
def lower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown! U7 }4 P* r1 i, t! n
""" Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase. ! C; u8 n4 S; l' C5 u" W3 e 返回转换为小写的字符串副本。""" / m6 W$ P$ z1 j0 j i* |3 g pass! _+ ~9 {7 k* P* `
% H( ?3 X* b# H' M, U9 r/ \
def lstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! a( r* d. M, p" ^1 n """ % J" F/ q g2 ]- `# R$ h9 }, ^ Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed. * D% n# |' p: G" j) y! T 9 F7 k3 M9 q5 O" \2 n3 `2 A If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.: d6 P4 a) d: X4 |5 n0 q( h7 |/ o
) S) `. D. H8 Q6 p# j 返回删除前导空格的字符串副本。 1 |- |! U$ g, _' ]3 H4 b" L 0 V) f0 Y, R$ X; ? 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。; z9 X1 v. N& t* S! U$ ~
""" % q ^9 g- n# e$ g" k R# @* p/ f* T pass 6 r, {+ G& P2 N2 [: n+ @ . g- r. f+ N! I* v9 J def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 2 y7 G* a- F: Z5 x/ ?4 g, N Q' H n """ # b& P! V$ b. ]( o( F! S. | Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). ' ?, g6 S5 z# v) L5 P7 Y* @$ |' j) E
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode( j; e' i. G6 C. B9 u1 e3 J3 m) r
ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. * D/ J2 G- G- M& ^6 u9 d Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.1 ~4 z4 t6 K) m0 ?
If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and 5 e. o! F9 Q1 f. T# {- e0 @" _ in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the ^ K% H$ D0 P) k& x- |% [ ]
character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it; h0 K6 I9 t0 s
must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.$ ^. l% ?- `* e% {6 A" o, \
"""0 {8 l4 \" C. C% m3 C' K9 w# n
pass / f: S& N2 H& \: y! g) A9 R: X) T: k4 X9 G, V; t$ v7 y; }' o, F' Q
def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ G# S6 w& v( S. a """ 9 D7 Q- v+ K5 `, {+ [ Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. ' p7 u. B* X" r8 p( m# f! I6 h+ @! n K# J( D# q
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, ) C" D- p, U/ e8 e7 ]1 ]% f2 N$ d returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator S5 k4 J1 l3 j' \; j, [3 K# ]
itself, and the part after it.2 ] z2 x- z5 K1 E6 ^
& _% n$ l2 m& W' ]. z' v If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string V \. W$ v, T# L7 N2 ^ and two empty strings. & }! k/ L& {; n% ` """0 E, g* v; i; x" J
pass + s$ P' D! M: { }( ~; X& r. S 2 `5 Q3 F2 Z `- Z def replace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ n" a* ~. a, m) k5 h& W. a """ [" g, R3 G o1 n Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. : {2 f- n" s, C2 a 1 `7 T M8 _4 D5 g" _) I count7 c- u5 ~) G n6 N8 J
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. , P) r3 }& g2 A" f) |3 H! Q -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.+ ^' U* Y' N: t; Y; t) N
x2 B: `7 C. i9 w- n If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are8 J. D& z6 P% Q* G
replaced. ; I. K L4 i% D% J% G0 o8 m- @) T3 Y; v# y* t
返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。' ]+ n( {; H7 l
" ?3 E5 ^, c! M1 m 数 . x, V# b, ]) `, w3 e8 h* t. _( \2 h 替换的最大次数。 6 X3 ~% ?; E* V( O8 } -1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。 $ Y7 A" v" B z( \" F# Z9 ?! j % C3 b$ U& k; i. J+ Y0 V- b( J. |- [ 如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。 ! ]9 C2 Y1 e0 u+ k9 A7 b """ * P4 F0 j- i4 Q pass + X$ O% i! s1 N" b " R8 n' B% A% M2 F% O, J def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__2 z4 P- {& w- J6 S5 a1 `4 A
""" . ]8 r; r5 h7 E# ~3 y' C1 x S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 1 h. E( m- z# ]+ Y) o# b g: {2 ^+ b9 ]
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,, n% {9 b' I; j3 @. D
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional. }6 C9 U( `- B, q3 Y
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. : e7 S3 k+ e' g( `0 l& [ 5 f i6 g$ D' d: z* g, C Return -1 on failure.8 j1 T5 t, M3 J: Y/ ~ a" R" ]
"""5 l' `# D1 r1 F/ r) {$ C: G7 h* j
return 07 Y3 m% m, d$ y% L, i2 T
! ~, d' R" {0 e# A def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__' q1 Y& y1 Z* h1 h- Z
""" # v' P6 g- U; ~' l6 }+ ^; L4 }7 Q P S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int ; s0 Q, u! W4 I, X: c3 z. Y8 r G1 k) r; ~: B. z3 G& W7 e
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, 9 t, T; j5 D! X; |, y$ [- h such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 3 Z1 h" c; a0 J' x. d5 E d& V arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation., @1 @* b: L# q7 D/ o
3 S$ |- g l+ O m. ]8 D
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found./ H3 W# F/ X2 x# B5 r, J
"""% G2 ?4 ~2 Q( I1 a* C
return 0 , j3 T& |5 v! y# z , y7 w! d3 Q( S- t3 ? def rjust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" H* x% r& a: p' M" J( M
"""% J7 E9 b# a5 m/ k7 m9 B
Return a right-justified string of length width.5 S: n2 k Z' C( p) A
, I4 d6 l- I, d1 z
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). ; w8 t6 i8 Z' Q: _1 V3 x) W1 D8 U9 I: ~
返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。 5 [ }$ n2 x! B3 D J( ?+ ~ T. s
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。8 }3 l5 g- v; y
""", ]% ^- d3 \$ b- V
pass 6 }3 S7 I; y- ]' e0 Y2 I' F ! `/ n! p" `$ Q3 x* T" [3 L0 Z# p def rpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! {4 ]$ e( P: l, o4 Z- r4 g$ x """ 2 M/ n' t& B+ r Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.; ^4 p6 I) F: N3 o/ t8 N9 |
# v$ E) E( L& W3 V P' O4 N" N This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If, |2 w- v1 V9 t4 w9 x0 c! Z
the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the( k( C3 M$ s7 U( ]7 g# ]: U* O+ c2 S' a
separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. & b: c5 D/ v7 k5 L. A( |: m- |, m! M7 P) Y4 B
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings & r9 [0 F& ]( e2 a0 |* d and the original string. + _& ]! A$ M' T/ O: T, M1 u """ $ C; K, f" E% g8 c0 ] pass1 u- t& d2 b% d* g& b
+ K9 ^+ k% d' u% F& g
def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % `9 G4 G- c) p! V- C" b4 N """ + l7 ^' w( q& `; e- _) L2 O Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. g, B* O2 V1 S" B1 U! V
! q: A8 ]4 _4 B; h F4 J. U
sep4 d) U& A2 I2 p \- `6 N
The delimiter according which to split the string.' J% ^* f7 I2 z
None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, + r4 J$ D5 C$ |' p) \1 S% g. V* I and discard empty strings from the result.( K5 j# b$ |( s- j& q+ L$ Q& [
maxsplit+ V5 X( \/ |- x5 Y9 Y; ?$ c2 _
Maximum number of splits to do. W' `# C$ @0 w* G- s -1 (the default value) means no limit. 2 r. v+ F$ T4 p, o& _7 H: {3 z L* c% v
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.# e4 ]; m3 t9 Q/ u
8 @0 c- ~0 o; ~ D
返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。: f+ ?8 w ^# v' |4 n6 k8 f
sep + O0 l8 ?6 z3 J# s 用来分割字符串的分隔符。 & s6 m2 Z* K" z) h7 [ None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。 * {& b5 r4 t, o w: ]$ E$ t # V$ I1 d$ W* v# z( H4 }, O maxsplit' R' \- ~% m& H* e/ K0 [
最大分割次数。 , c1 x7 a) w! m! H9 ` -1(默认值)表示无限制。 * x3 P9 n' B$ ?. L4 n1 Q* y 3 e. d$ S% {1 B' N- ]1 H 劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。 : M4 L* q9 C |! E& F """ + h) u. g! f' s# |, `( U pass2 O5 w# y; e2 `" l# D9 Q
4 }( \- g9 t( b7 C' N2 `: ` def rstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' d, j0 D0 c* l5 o """0 R8 A# T' |$ S
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed. ' o" R$ {% ?& E" A H" Q/ ]7 R# m If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. : F3 i) x, y; M7 C. y: K ; J& C ~( ]3 p M+ o/ \ s5 y 返回字符串的副本,删除尾随空格。 5 s- p$ J4 A! G- c; P( _' |9 n# }" I + s+ E3 W X' |# b 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。" ^* b1 k) ?+ [( V8 q7 U
""" 0 l2 Q: t- v6 P* g! B pass u. ^7 h: b) y7 G
0 F! a1 x2 s2 Q( v
def split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! @1 | l' q) n """' D& @, s' I! q$ V# v
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. $ f$ \2 L+ N5 y& u, t# i# {8 F/ e8 t
sep 4 G4 t8 u2 M6 @8 l3 z The delimiter according which to split the string., C/ s- k# w$ L9 U1 d' S3 {
None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, ( [$ C4 j* a& X9 j' J3 N and discard empty strings from the result. 9 X" m- f+ W z/ ?5 z maxsplit. C% D9 |6 ~7 k$ L3 ^: {
Maximum number of splits to do.1 C y- K* _6 p9 S! A
-1 (the default value) means no limit.3 ?2 r; O- h( y n
"""7 I" E9 C6 u. u1 F* Y5 P7 w2 D3 D/ O
pass 0 H! n+ H- w/ S1 |$ G$ D 9 k$ p1 D, h$ }9 W% P def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 8 U* x- [ h; _' ^) e. k """ * _3 o) X( x. V: ]5 b+ @5 ]6 H0 k Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.7 o2 |# n% u% u3 u5 V, s6 o
8 @3 ^0 m- P8 T! B
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and- j7 K+ }# x. G& H
true. ( A7 {9 i2 B1 w1 b! J """ $ G5 E% g( ?: C0 C$ S/ l( z pass+ I! o: M( g @: Z# H. d
% {3 k' k5 @# ?9 v
def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ $ Z7 F4 c' y% r8 ]% B """! Q* D7 J1 c4 k$ f3 E6 V
S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool' E2 O2 r6 P* E; ~) H+ T
* }" Z2 [( p4 K! T2 I, e
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. 4 K. p2 C) i4 t6 T) p9 z With optional start, test S beginning at that position.2 y* C' P2 V2 n& Y6 ^
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. & z$ Q6 P( a, A prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.3 }' d- g& B' }' u6 c( m8 B% ^
"""5 h* {3 o, i! V6 c$ {) a3 K
return False - w ^3 Q' \( M, C7 n V X+ Q2 M5 D$ b3 S. E
def strip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' d8 m4 x" I$ R" {1 i2 v9 C1 x% F """ . ^6 A+ l* `4 ^! {8 f: W8 p Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.* X8 w) V: i9 x; k- U1 n! e
$ y7 }* K& D, K# R2 z. w d) z
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.4 i9 U8 R8 r6 c6 E' m
" o, T8 u, q, x( H- C 返回删除前导和尾随空格的字符串副本。8 t0 D3 N# W. L$ h9 l: C4 F
$ Y: a- N' L1 y# ~& b. u 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。 ' H i/ S- e/ ?& f """0 S) M. |; s, C7 D
pass & A" t& O/ p! C$ g! k( d ) T' m; d' \: f8 ~ def swapcase(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 1 z6 ]" _0 q& W- Y0 s """ Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase. """3 ]/ j& f/ T$ S3 X' e
pass" s8 U1 h6 j) t0 c" v# z/ v
. r6 ~# Q, [$ k, s1 ^: J$ o2 f( R def title(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 s% }" z/ _- l8 ~ """) n2 m6 C( @7 x) g! F
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased. % Z0 z7 ]4 C: r3 i7 f. _) W) Q( v8 L- J: k
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining2 t6 Y+ g l- H
cased characters have lower case. & ]1 D7 K* o) Q4 T+ v """ 7 p, H8 s# n2 p3 s3 c! B/ c pass & z- @2 f, O# D $ q- }: u* B" m. d: n6 y' f def translate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown+ f) D# e6 `2 k& K+ O0 W+ K4 p7 Y
"""; Y' {( j/ ]2 ~! [$ \* b3 k! f
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table. # S) i* h! V. @) M c6 o% c# u- h1 ^7 N) u% T table8 {- z6 _. c# P. t6 A3 z- a
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to8 I5 N2 s5 C* S( q
Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. * j# ^" A D% T% @* f* I4 W8 l% P
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a5 D. ^8 P" t( b* t1 C) Z( ?1 L
dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is 5 `& P" u6 g( t3 k2 o( W# v3 K left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted. ! ~" E) Z9 D$ C# V """ U- ?/ M. \0 L; I
pass0 m& m6 p( j% R
+ y8 |, Q' ~/ |, | def upper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. p- c( F x8 h- I/ J; S
""" Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase. """ 0 H# z8 Q# x6 U4 E pass & q+ a: i! R- L4 ^$ T / z8 `+ V" ]( ^" ^0 p) M ] def zfill(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 ^( v) z4 a8 ]0 k6 {" g( {3 m """7 }3 H4 G5 G% C b- P
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. A) z, B3 J; o# C/ k% ]3 W
: w; d# B+ l. b0 O+ ?* L6 N
The string is never truncated. 1 C9 k5 ]! w! P, h/ ^; f% Y """: L3 G% }& B* T' W
pass) x7 U5 x/ {( d; W: _# ~6 T' q
! Y: P& Y |) M
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. P1 Y0 a; @. G ^, _( b2 E
""" Return self+value. """ ( k- ~+ _' \, t' V' A7 z2 ?. i+ }7 a pass% y/ U, G8 U7 g9 A5 r/ q ]
0 K% B3 V- D- J1 }
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ K$ [( p9 v1 v """ Return key in self. """ " t8 ?8 C( G( o* n+ Q pass& k8 N3 @: P a" x4 K) P% D- n
' R a) v* m+ e& R) {* `- T' h def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' D4 Z( w( B! J1 R9 _ """ Return self==value. """ f- M% T% ]8 D& Y; y- F9 H pass ; Z* H- P( j1 a* i) A$ t( ` ~& w4 s; G R. f% x def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( ^% n, l$ O# ?8 {
""" Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec. """% z* b8 Q4 \( ]
pass' x7 O1 D5 U; z, P# A6 Y
8 v5 i, ]/ a) o" h0 i; k def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . C& H2 B' h1 ]1 V; ` """ Return getattr(self, name). """ ( A& i! O. z+ E+ w# P$ z" v pass 8 d* e& ]& x/ Z3 @$ J3 r& l4 Z* X" o- t; V7 b
def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown7 d" `7 _% F% D# s4 L7 o+ j
""" Return self[key]. """ 7 O0 N a- f% ]6 O' R$ m5 H4 s' m3 e pass 5 H2 S+ d, M9 r, ]4 T5 \ : B8 `8 B& K b: o: G8 u/ I- D5 h$ T2 d def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 w! h& f6 `) L% n8 d( [9 x6 K( O) t$ i pass6 N1 k9 ?0 I6 x" ]6 d' V0 q* o
' P5 K. R( M# u( q2 r
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown / Y8 I D; O! i5 T """ Return self>=value. """5 ^( K$ T! z" {
pass " b' z# W/ [* S) T5 ]+ Q3 a ~; c3 ^+ O6 H$ }7 b
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown$ t3 S! k) `2 z6 R* e
""" Return self>value. """0 I$ O* g5 I7 x/ i1 \- Z* b6 q( }
pass % i* M& ?2 p# E6 a4 ` b! D & u# ] w0 A! H def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 e3 b" Q* M: _' }7 D h
""" Return hash(self). """6 ?/ n' P. d/ y
pass ( g* u. E X. [+ Y: {, s9 A! e7 }" m/ C; A. w( b; \% S0 V
def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__" @" v+ [+ \. Q5 {; F& Q
""" 0 V" S% J" | x- Y" L str(object='') -> str ; G4 T! R" `( B8 ^* a$ `- g str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str & f3 w8 S) l7 K" B5 D. n " F7 A/ A) r. D* v m3 v6 H- U. c Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or / E. y" h- o; @1 G4 { errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer ; L; G* O( |$ e& s: p5 d1 v1 d that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.1 f9 V3 ?& f: K6 m) R
Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)1 w3 M: L0 A" f* _6 c7 f3 X/ y( q
or repr(object).& d4 U6 Q- b7 I% p" e3 S) O
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). ( e! X1 p9 X5 s. X errors defaults to 'strict'. 8 T( G$ W: Y4 a7 ?; |- z P # (copied from class doc) 7 u- a# p* c* Q$ a: w """9 Z1 a& m3 p2 A4 q* N
pass4 g, r, D4 H! @
' y R( M: g" b& T& t def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 G; y9 l6 `. z6 n2 G( g+ q """ Implement iter(self). """ + j5 g' Q6 ^2 L pass ; J! m7 o! L6 }' T: L3 i* g 3 ^# ~5 C) L# x& B def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown " e& \, c5 b6 |3 t% n """ Return len(self). """, I2 X S6 i! j8 M* q+ b
pass+ f9 l0 p+ y/ S$ Y+ m! F/ d
: `/ ?4 g9 l3 G4 E0 {7 f def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown / }. r1 `6 F+ v. W" |* Y """ Return self<=value. """ 6 ?7 A7 \% Y8 ]0 W; k B1 m pass 1 @0 p6 R/ V' V- Y+ `$ R! G- x& z0 {) [" D, }! B7 a' p) Z
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown + D B0 q. i7 o) @ """ Return self<value. """! ]$ O. v$ z9 W* S( m# H
pass" [) o+ N$ |" o" f1 d( n; w9 e1 r$ L
7 ~( `0 A2 \9 B5 i
def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown7 J$ k% g% k1 d9 m- p
""" Return self%value. """ 2 b$ _9 |2 G0 [5 | F( U1 j) ~ pass 5 @9 M" W6 p) L) Y& a' C2 y {9 K) }. ], ]/ G1 F
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( J) i) _* i5 e% K& E """ Return self*value. """1 x, Q% H/ V$ Y- E3 U9 n; u; i" p
pass % v' ?/ }3 B$ b% ~& d2 j: T! I3 t8 R
@staticmethod # known case of __new__ " m8 Q) J0 \3 U def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown' {9 K. h$ l- w/ R3 `+ k2 W
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """7 J! B7 A6 S7 h. }8 P
pass% L6 B5 {; s! e2 i) ^) J
. A3 T I% w' p% d3 u7 g
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( v' o/ Q0 b) Y; |* e
""" Return self!=value. """" A s; v+ H: O& d1 V; W
pass 5 d- _0 j, I5 j& B 4 s1 Y7 u i5 ~! @8 G1 O def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 }) v3 ]. ]& V. q """ Return repr(self). """ 3 q3 [9 f! u* o% [6 q pass5 G; T1 K# g1 @; c
2 |2 @7 i( w2 G$ O) u def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 7 h, t3 X, o1 h# O1 n: |$ Q """ Return value%self. """1 }, i9 L+ Z4 j: j) z) @
pass- i4 ]0 g9 X4 A" F' Q
- o0 l% k( @* u2 _$ o
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' }4 [' T1 @! C' M """ Return value*self. """, t! Q! @' y8 V7 g; c, R9 |
pass3 {4 s$ r6 T8 L. H; C
7 O% y7 Y% o2 W9 {6 ?2 y4 b4 N def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 I9 Q1 ?8 n* a8 D9 v0 w& d
""" Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes. """ 7 B3 l3 v8 j0 T* _" b8 C! s+ @ pass 0 N4 O* |7 r% ]! {: Z8 M+ Q9 F, x- e% N: _
def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 f8 G3 [9 l6 z7 a. g
""" Return str(self). """/ t7 w- P: [1 q ?$ ?+ m
pass & U4 U6 U) l, Y) t7 p$ |# | + O% w5 G \% ^8 ~0 Y16 a* ]. X; N/ `2 }
28 H1 C5 Y5 {* c) n- w6 k
39 ]' P; R) K$ C5 l
4 {4 y W) g* z3 @: J d
5 1 S4 [8 `- W! _; R- D6 + d+ W( ~. p* z3 @* e9 j# q2 n4 q7 # I# `& Y# @; s0 D1 S! U8+ {( N$ u* D( u; O1 O* k# `
9 ! P) g6 A ?& l. x10 ( A1 U% V3 U. j) N1 Z# G* r11, P( u: Y3 d8 S8 U
12- m" W. M& |( J9 g3 y
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489 8 u1 H8 i1 s( P4905 ], m* m, x5 B7 t7 M8 W
4918 F- [1 [& R* y' {3 p6 i8 R
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496 ! ]; j# ]# m" Y497 8 {( k5 E9 U( @498 + @0 m" X% E! z: F499 5 N9 { H) U) \- M8 K' a5 u500) g* L7 F; o: k" Q0 J h
501 . J5 N2 E$ q- H/ ^ G9 ]2 V+ m502) L$ {6 u% f( e* k6 `
503 % t8 t- n5 k3 r504 % _3 R. U0 v" j; T, F0 E& _8 P505 " X$ @* H6 ~& Q& U/ J506 ( h3 T5 R: L3 h. \( d507 * c% ]& C4 F9 j8 _ M508% y- g, d# N, ?
509 0 `1 @0 [/ }) t8 [1 [) r! V510 " U5 {. R- y" L- X: f511. V" ~+ M' f$ `: Z' G2 `+ [0 |! @9 B
5125 [7 U' E/ z" c2 l
513& \$ l& v5 z3 x
514 ' z0 p7 l3 R) I$ \. q" ?6 f0 V515" k, \& V8 f+ [. I6 f% g/ K# E
516( k- t! X5 t* \ E4 {7 ?
5172 S; A0 E" U0 F* Y& x4 D$ N
518. O- A5 j b; H
5192 z" L& n& v0 G, I" C* } B9 ~
520& A8 c7 B0 N- u N: }9 O
521 : C/ H9 a H7 ~# E% Z8 E7 F6 x1 y) |522 * q/ X! u7 g+ n+ j; f, B3 y! r4 s523 - v' V0 T* F1 N& K3 O5 @$ x* U5247 |3 `3 W: x( J' j
525 2 T3 s" P8 r8 z6 G9 m) _% G5264 Q N' ~* z; _( y* u7 ~* Q6 q
5277 Q, n3 O8 d* Q; @6 F e/ K& d& Z
528 - r, T" [9 o5 {- G" N+ i$ N529( f( |( {: X, Z" x
530 5 l# S" W/ i+ c! ^: ~531 * q9 j" C# L4 }4 M- V532. a; M' ?3 { u* ~( S/ o
533 6 g+ a) t% |. K6 P534 / J" K1 k* C% w; |( }! O8 b+ R5353 {( u3 N3 C) X5 n; x5 i
536" ^7 z1 q2 f5 w6 q7 q4 Q
537 2 Y5 W4 u% a2 Z' j$ z% @538% P# q, K- p- D8 w# j" \
539 ! `8 ^7 a) P. R- t# G! V5409 ?6 M T( Y P5 u# Z6 J) ~$ z3 w
541 6 ^; G6 Y, a9 u+ G5420 c; t1 O5 ~6 _' {$ X6 q
543 / S6 `0 z% H4 H' t+ a544 , y: O2 D8 T# O545 ! G( n8 m( b' g/ _, I7 R. u4 @546 9 F5 S2 V. S* D; x0 P) X5471 [! M, e; g; l
5481 {- q) d, F$ W- Q# f7 ^. G+ t
549 6 a6 n' y! q' \3 L550/ l5 f, w9 p- `6 z4 ]9 z! }
5516 G7 H2 D1 p1 m/ a. @" R4 l" c, R
552 0 a9 U0 l6 a7 `( g: r553 ! h1 l0 W2 k! h5 i) {554 ! v c$ l' ?+ U% e: p5557 }4 q( F6 ]# y
556" s% }# A( Q* N# g. F4 S) g9 W/ d
5577 h( d+ w+ l1 f$ {
558 % r! ~0 W* P$ U559 3 B( P( v% ~8 \( c& H560- J3 R5 t. w$ z
561 ( U# G* {; J' M |562 4 i4 P- }! A$ u% X3 B X, c563 $ \* a2 c7 E) t564 % A. D4 f* b3 k565, w, S+ a9 J: D' E' @8 h9 j
566% p8 {& q& b U* b4 a
567 0 q/ \4 e9 x/ z( v0 ^; b* c2 v, `568( {+ x, S+ }' R0 ^
5692 X* B2 W/ v! d
5707 I! G5 B6 b8 p j; {* X1 \+ q& |9 z" ^4 I
571 2 f4 b6 L& C! S+ n- j572 : {( f' B% d1 n1 a$ V573! ?8 t1 x L2 i0 ]
574 5 M6 v0 F+ Y- X5 y( `2 v575: j+ k( _; ~* s' z
576 O8 N# o4 y1 b G3 v3 u577 - i1 Q; Q4 r4 q; l( f- @, L8 d# M578 0 G" n6 M7 |4 ]/ k1 x579 , M# E$ | g% [2 S, m$ y, N% T580- @/ K* Y: M1 r- ^7 j# ~$ q
581 ! n$ J1 U1 L, v" j \582+ m9 j3 [% b7 A4 f4 z, z: N
583 9 q8 |; ]* E) A9 f( A6 t$ [# X584 ; i' a1 ]3 ]4 p7 | W9 J! s585 * C% k$ ^' L3 ^( H; d2 N5867 z' f5 ~% @0 y4 O- c
587 + R% [+ b% s" e( V) o2 n) M! Y9 e5883 H# J3 T. _2 q2 v( j, I
589# \ {/ \5 R3 f6 ~& c2 Q; S2 @
590* O; |* d; Q9 x( c
591 # i l! r( Q$ F, G$ e+ p" M6 G% t, [! X592 & X8 t% N* f4 v$ x# M5931 M* e% C. W- z* ~
594 2 z9 _% R+ m0 B$ `: N9 E% d595 9 m: O$ N, q$ U' n/ b+ r596" Q+ ~" }) l1 b/ m
597 , ?3 J; [0 ]) ~( c5989 x! S3 e7 i; ^
599 . J: t2 l+ H0 \5 ^6001 L V% Y% \2 ?3 ` T7 \
601" g) L" u5 V( m) H4 u
602 7 T$ x0 Z$ ?. C @1 t603 + C5 b& t" f7 r* W604" Q, R) a4 T( l% e& n
6054 P0 h: g. N8 g( E2 [$ f& Z
606% h# p( l" _' D! o3 g7 \- J
607 / R% ^/ O. w" M' Q" y608 7 \5 U( P. S+ H7 _/ X4 Q609 ( Y, C& ?0 }* g; u6 O$ ?610 , }! Q1 o3 Y3 k/ w5 U& V4 X: l611: Y& K+ h- q# H' z' T5 s% r: o
612 0 X2 q- u1 w# [$ z8 [$ D613 4 b& n# D$ G. |1 P7 Z. a614 # \! J2 i8 r; k, o- U615 P/ ^: @ _# D3 r! y6168 s4 j" c4 y J5 D& q
617 ) |( g& X5 P3 Y618 ) }9 \5 s( a- x& g619 * Y5 w8 T4 I4 h- I7 A620 N" K; t' |9 M# }( u/ g# }! \
621 . `' B3 T% A! K5 V; x* M( K6227 {8 N5 a9 v1 g K5 N3 H/ V) A" a
623 . C# X1 j+ r1 J5 t) L6241 X; v9 e1 d2 {6 ?4 K6 W
625 : M- A! G3 j {0 P626: z4 Q4 `( J7 n6 b2 h
627 ) I& B6 x. ?5 s9 k! J% L2 O/ A4 e628) R) R2 f; m; a1 f [
629 D/ r( |: p0 Y8 L0 D; A630 " s/ O& X. N+ |" d9 a( B/ o/ q$ L631 3 M+ F) `! m2 f: i# o& Y632 # Y/ V, h8 d: ?9 l" s1 `633% Y2 R5 V& ?: W7 o
6349 u# R6 g$ o, ]' c; D
6351 B, G' {9 `9 a/ `9 w0 X! G5 E
636 ' q9 @- m1 y" s1.字符串操作符' \/ n l/ l& V2 S: M' X3 b$ R, `
操作符 描述 0 s/ ^+ q& v; Z6 D9 I: h/ o+ x+y,连接两个字符串x和y C' }1 I# y8 W$ y
* x*n或n*x,复制n次字符串x- @( ~# A8 Y" [8 \% H% }
in x in s,如果x是s的字串,返回True,否则返回False, y5 j9 \0 X# ~
2.字符串处理函数 V5 w( X- n" u) C" O( f
函数 描述. I7 {5 e" \ Y5 U. v9 @0 u- w
len(x) 返回字符串x的长度,也可返回其它组合数据类型元素的个数 $ g. u- }. e0 Y" t- o4 p# l' W |( ?str(x) 返回任意类型x所对应的字符串形式 r' K, _+ N# B) e9 t
char(x) 返回Unicode编码x对应的单字符 4 k6 H% g- M c8 L9 A% uord(x) 返回x表示的Unicode编码 I5 Y, Q& `9 A6 U% {' P4 d3 G( Ohex(x) 返回整数x对应十六进制的小写形式字符串 1 R' M+ k5 L: ~oct(x) 返回整数x对应八进制的小写形式字符串 0 Q7 k' n2 V8 H1 T6 `3.字符串处理方法 7 [6 E: [$ c1 l* C方法 描述 ) h4 |) v" V* _8 v* `. Ws.lower() 字符串s全部转为小写 ( L8 c5 y: y* z- a& i7 R6 Zs.upper() 字符串s全部转为大写 / T, r3 A4 x% y# s/ @$ K% ?s.split(sep=None) 返回一个列表,由s根据sep被分割的部分构成,省略sep默认以空格分割- Y3 H U& K; E
s.count(sub) 返回字串sub出现的次数 7 c3 v2 n' P7 g/ g" {; p; Gs.replace(old, new) 返回字符串s的副本,所有old字串被替换为new $ J/ t9 X) ?4 N p# l! A( Cs.center(width, fillchar) 字符串居中函数,fillchar参数可选3 U9 P4 B9 T' f) ]' U7 c. x, l, [0 J
s.strip(chars) 从字符串s中去掉咋其左侧和右侧chars中出现的字符3 W7 E8 C% h. o; S
s.join(iter) 将iter变量的每一个元素增加一个s字符串 - c/ y v' J3 `* O0 X3 J# ^4 O4.字符串的查询操作 # g$ I4 e, e! U: v2 K方法名称 作用8 y7 [: }/ I) C! ?. [
index() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 3 J( ^& c' e3 R3 W0 v+ _, a/ Lrindex() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常/ ]; E# ^. i) q) D& L/ L5 g3 i
find() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1, e. J( ]( g7 g6 O, P
rfind() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1 1 }( ~9 d7 W) f$ I: c''' 8 @- F6 V$ r! u) Tindex()查找第一次出现的位置 抛异常 ' y! ^/ v/ P! P6 K4 j* `rindex()查找最后一次次出现的位置 抛异常 + S% S" G5 ?/ C, \ - C, X5 c5 T5 Q, M0 s9 M5 y8 @" K8 S; Qfind()查找第一次出现的位置 不抛异常,返回值为-1: X3 i6 u7 r N* M3 H
rfind()查找最后一次出现的位置 抛异常 ?: i/ o4 v% a2 S9 N# ~/ X'''1 d4 C9 |( B9 Q
s = 'hello,hello' & v$ Y" S9 I8 R' C. Z# nprint(s.index('o')) g Z; P4 f+ t. W% P w, x
print(s.rindex('o')), U9 N% ?7 y5 ?( K) |
print(s.find('lo')) 5 U0 k# u0 E( ?% e: s/ fprint(s.find('ui')) # -1 5 x3 y e6 `1 Y2 Z. [& ^1" @4 U, h. U6 y. j
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5.字符串大小写转换操作( H* ?- f& w2 H* z2 ^$ M, P
方法 作用 ' a( d8 [) Y4 Eupper() 把所有的字符串转换为大写字母6 }$ @2 M+ T5 S: l5 N F0 H
lower() 把所有的字符串转换为小写字母# T; X3 g. @2 f6 u% m
swapcase() 将大写字符转换为小写字符,将小写字符转换为大写字符。 ' A) e' H- h# S9 j; ?' \- tcapitalize() 使第一个字符为大写字母,其余字符为小写字母 8 N" i3 n1 R9 a1 A" Ntitle() 返回字符串的一个版本,其中每个单词都有标题。更具体地说,单词以大写字母开头,其余都以大写字母开头区分大小写的字符小写。 $ \+ i l3 a2 Z: D l! n# 字符串的大小写转换 9 M) Y ~+ ]( I4 V. T* C# 1.upper()把字符串中的所有字符转为大写2 ^4 A, @/ J* b) ^: r0 _$ x& ]# G
# 2.lower()把字符串中的所有字符都转换为小写 $ C" J! B/ [% W* h' K% n: b% q# 3.swap case() 大转小,小转大 / v2 h: U0 d3 j2 A' }: Z/ `1 d# 4.capitalize()把第一个字符转为大写,其余字符转为小写 9 D% l# _& {) t, ?# 5.title()把字符串首字母转换为大写,把剩余的转换为小写* ?' ^8 |5 C; y# [$ G
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s = 'hellopython' , _3 G$ @8 C9 x0 Aprint(s.upper()) # 转大写 9 F8 c) P7 X ~0 K8 d( aprint(s.lower()) # 转换后id改变,会产生一个新的空间 - O6 q v% \# `. Kprint(s.swapcase()), M: `0 L- G* k4 _: A
print(s.capitalize()) 2 K) @1 g T5 ~ m$ L' I% Yprint(s.title())2 _8 ?! Q A5 X! g, ?3 W
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6.字符串内容对齐操作方法; w' E# p$ w- ~5 V0 \: s
方法 作用9 A* y5 U( k$ A r7 P3 i* Q3 n
center(width,'') 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 1 |7 l: d @6 ~ljust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 ) j: ?: B; B, ~9 c2 H4 Mrjust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。; f+ j" D/ R" C
zfill('int') 在左侧填充数字字符串,以填充给定宽度的字段。字符串永远不会被截断。4 Q, s6 Y5 D8 S* | K& e& C
'''字符串的对其操作''' * u0 F. [& w0 Y3 ^* L3 |# 1.center 居中对齐 4 w2 _3 V& A& ?0 Ws = 'hello,python' : |6 W6 i" ~5 N6 t! ?print(s.center(100, '*')) # F7 B& e6 |0 @- `8 S& T9 X, _4 H( \& A* {4 ]0 Z# A! L6 Z# Z# B
# 2.ljust 左对齐 - r- n- M) U! D0 _5 `print(s.ljust(100, '*')) 0 S$ t7 M5 ^* R+ z0 G1 Q( m* ^ F9 u( W! z% d. G1 M
# 3.rjust 右对齐, A: E' E( p" }4 ` @# A# A
print(s.rjust(100, '*')) # m! L4 ]9 q& {: ]1 F/ F1 L3 e; t# S# h- w9 u) f0 c
# 3.zfill 右对齐,左侧为0填充3 A& u* M; ]0 y# {4 X
print(s.zfill(100))* S0 R5 T0 Z. b' m" \
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7.字符串的劈分操作# B' `, H( @0 Z; w9 e8 P( [$ @; b
方法 作用 : }/ j8 u+ r0 l" d6 w5 Rsplit() 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。sep用来分割字符串的分隔符。None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。maxsplit最大分割次数。-1(默认值)表示无限制。 1 c2 m5 n1 I5 C! Y9 J, G& Grsplit() 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。sep用来分割字符串的分隔符。None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。maxsplit最大分割次数。-1(默认值)表示无限制。劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。 ' J7 s2 r8 A3 A% v' @# 字符串的劈分操作 split # g' W2 W. ?) S# 1. split从字符串左侧开始分割,默认值为空格字符串,返回值是一个列表$ V# g" J& E+ h6 R0 x
# 以通过参数sep指定劈分字符串是劈分符& J* M4 R* h) r, N6 j4 O
# 通过maxsplit指定劈分字符串的最大劈分次数. i+ A+ k. M' t" E/ @4 C
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s = 'hello#world#python' 2 [9 y. k: O3 V% `1 P' ?lst = s.split('#')2 ^: ?: j* k( C* \$ h3 u0 l0 Z: o
print(lst)2 {# H" v, {/ @
s1 = 'hello|world|python' & l/ C8 l; N( ?. `2 [% d1 Oprint(s1.split()) 4 w3 _6 y. s) G, xprint(s1.split(sep='|')) / p. ?$ @/ C# t6 M, D7 ?3 K) L1 Pprint(s1.split()) 0 J4 f0 G& J2 U8 H) G8 R" K Xs1 = 'hello|world|python' * a& s% m j# w. j* Q4 O% yprint(s1.split()), o: U- c+ @, C: h
print(s1.split(sep='|', maxsplit=1)) . U7 q! R i/ p0 D; `+ r4 x" i# 以参数sep 指定劈分字符串是劈分符 ' N/ c" P6 _5 d. N: O0 Oprint('-----------------------') # F/ |2 C" Q) L# j) B2 i9 \/ Y) E% q
# 2.rsplit 从右侧开始劈分3 O& A' r: w0 _0 j5 @$ A; N. c: x U, |
print(s1.rsplit(sep='|', maxsplit=1)) - C: j; b+ j+ ~& U5 Y# b# w : w# I% S8 P& [- C( Z1 7 W9 P+ L* [1 b9 o7 K. M: e2 ! {# w* V6 _$ T# w. h9 J3' V0 H0 P) L% U( g% u+ K
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8.判断字符串的方法 - V [0 v o+ d" p8 c方法 作用 8 r: [) n" j( M6 s# a' ^isidentifier() 判断字符串是合法标识符% @/ @3 P/ G v/ G2 V
isspace() 判断字符串是否全部由空字符串组成(回车,换行,水平制表) , k* Q+ D2 ^" l# k1 }: L' F6 c2 yisalpha() 判断是否全部由字符组成# }5 F. y# u y M3 K
isdecimal() 判断是否全部由十进制数字组成 * {/ k) c8 j) u' N* Aisnumeric() 判断是否全部由数字组成9 L; z5 ]% G) v2 r5 h: d( P+ I h
isalnum() 判断字符串是否全部由字母和数字组成; {( r8 g7 b2 b9 P" G$ H/ p, x
# 1. isidentifier 判断字符串是合法标识符 ( u% }6 o5 l" B6 ks = 'hello, python' ! x: m% c% `) k# {( |print('1.', s.isidentifier()) # False 5 G7 {9 o; F( r8 Cprint('2.', 'hello'.isidentifier()) # True X. V- ]( Q" h
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# 2. isspase 判断字符串是否全部由空字符串组成(回车,换行,水平制表) ' F4 k6 m4 h) v, A. f. I% o, ?! Nprint(' '.isspace())' U2 V, A' W7 _; _( z* A% ]
print('-----------------------') 4 r2 P2 D4 i4 L' W5 U. q! _- l2 \9 q
# 3. isalpha 判断是否全部由字符组成% a$ j7 m+ ^! F
print('fhaisdfh'.isalpha())2 l# W) P8 c0 e4 I0 m2 M, Y( X* Y
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# 4. isnumeric 判断是否全部由数字组成 . A/ ~- ?5 H3 t0 a. {/ ~/ Lprint('67867'.isnumeric())0 f9 [ ?; V N. k3 G# a" Y
) Z8 f# } t' I. [+ v3 g) h# O. J# 5. isdecimal 判断是否全部由十进制数字组成0 Q" C1 m4 r+ J( Z! ~
print('78'.isdecimal()) 2 ]- P- q0 p: Q* Y- I! ^- D+ q6 v2 z) M* b* M; D
# 6. iszlnum 判断字符串是否全部由字母和数字组成 ) n0 A H3 X" I! Gprint('yut6786'.isalnum()) # R# @# A8 [: @+ N3 Y8 c / H' B: S0 ?0 Z& B+ Z. z1 ! C( B& y- l: m1 T. X9 e1 }% d2 8 C4 E4 [( P+ ]4 M s3 O( |" B3 : A' s" r) |8 Y4& R% |& I4 y+ @
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9.字符串的替换与合并操作) [% O1 f' ]7 ~; x9 O" q
方法 作用 ! H" Z' |0 I/ ureplace() 返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。count替换的最大次数。-1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。 + Z# x; l4 r( J+ u2 A; ejoin() 连接任意数量的字符串。调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。结果以新字符串的形式返回。例如: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'4 d+ F: ^' u w! s: T5 j
# 1.字符串的替换 replace() $ g) i7 s, O9 S l1 z. f/ ns = 'hello,Python'! V5 r _; ^+ _. V
print(s.replace('Python', 'java')) ) @% A$ A4 e: B- b. `$ x6 ~* Ys1 = 'hello,python,python,python'% X; N4 C# u+ N- y+ ^
print(s1.replace('python', 'java', 2)) 5 g: J' X& P) l3 G$ J2 N
# 通过第三个参数指定最大替换次数 # y; g6 W; U u7 z) g7 J: P0 ^ l& g% a
# 2.字符串合并 join() 将列表或元组中字符串合并成一个字符串 ( ?9 y/ t0 A2 |' o1 ~lst = ['hello', 'java', 'python'] $ j$ B, k$ C: L3 @+ Gprint('|'.join(lst)) 5 L) J1 a4 n; v9 l' Fprint(''.join(lst)) ) V' A& [! [$ e& H# D6 N7 i- h! x7 c
t = ('hello', 'java', 'python') ) f' l1 g2 A9 y9 d5 pprint(''.join(t))9 x) X6 e2 s m- a( c7 k" z
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10.字符串的比较运算 9 k0 M3 E+ k" j两个字符串进行比较时,比较的是ordinal value (原始值) ,如果相等则继续比较下一个字符,知道两个字符串不相等& D' |# j/ K, [: k
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运算符 含义" [2 i/ u5 _, ?$ O2 |: \2 L" i3 a
> 大于 8 s3 _1 o$ ]/ N5 E. s; E/ q8 Q. X' i< 小于 5 M8 S1 t4 W- G) A== 等于; @/ J5 e8 s% Y' M$ B' R! H' K
>= 大于等于 ; L" F; b8 B% T& _- D) e' ~' p<= 小于等于 5 h, S7 l s+ B3 @0 ^9 z8 Q!= 不等于 ; T, z; r% r# V& h5 @: Y# 字符窜的比较 - S, K4 b8 Z- ]4 e6 O2 W! Z8 \# 运算符 > < == <= >= != ( g Y2 s# [( l( I- V5 sprint('apple' > 'app') # True. _1 x7 l; r& t$ X! ^
print('apple' > 'banana') 1 U3 K1 h) K4 @3 I/ t% ^4 D 8 e' w- R( f7 V( s! e'''调用内置函数ord可以得到指定字符的ordinal value '''1 k3 \( H$ Q4 |. ~2 s" K' p' H
print(ord('a'), ord('b')). q- o* b' C, W. i
print(ord('刘'), ord('张')) Z& |" E- M1 }2 o' A* ]+ ]0 a , ^0 x; a: ^; A8 U' B'''== 与 is 的区别'''& u7 `5 V; h4 @- l; ?
# == 比较的是 value " Z& A a i$ {6 {# is 比较的是 id: G, M' N* R" v' [: B) _; p
a = b = 'pthon' : W1 l$ u) q: K$ J' O$ Eprint(a is b) 9 a6 a; E# A2 O+ gprint(a == b) 2 L R) ]7 ?7 J5 d' d8 E 5 `( @1 [1 F* Y2 M% O1 d, H6 g7 U5 y+ }2 O- l
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