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TA的每日心情 | 慵懒 2020-7-12 09:52 |
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签到天数: 116 天 [LV.6]常住居民II 管理员
 群组: 2018教师培训(呼和浩 群组: 2017-05-04 量化投资实 群组: 2017“草原杯”夏令营 群组: 2018美赛冲刺培训 群组: 2017 田老师国赛冲刺课 |
MATLAB 并不需要任何类型的声明或维度报表。 MATLAB 每当遇到一个新的变量名称,创建变量,并分配适当的内存空间。 l. h) f" P! f0 _/ a2 ~/ W
. i2 `) w7 Y7 t
如果变量已经存在,则MATLAB替换以新的内容的原始内容,并分配新的存储空间,在必要的情况下。8 m: `, E& Y1 s
\5 r2 t n- M% D3 L% h
例如,4 S% J0 |2 i, g: W# |/ S6 \
0 O9 W: h' u: v, B, \Total = 42
0 F) V. Z+ L, ?! k g, N7 `上述语句创建了一个名为“Total” 的 1-1 矩阵存储值42。
; `+ S; x0 g# g1 T1 N$ g
3 `! T- V# N" ~7 s7 nMATLAB中可用的数据类型
, {8 d7 q5 a9 k6 A2 P
3 R$ ?: p3 a" D0 M! qMATLAB 提供15个基本数据类型。每种数据类型的数据存储在矩阵或阵列的形式。这个矩阵的大小或阵列是一个最低 0-0,这可以长大为任何规模大小的矩阵或数组。, _ h$ C! k% l; {1 L
1 K: C& r/ ]" V5 |. z& `
下表显示了在 MATLAB 中最常用的数据类型:$ o0 F& B& V; ^3 j' W
; W5 a" a, l, |
数据类型 描述
& Y8 d- E0 D) U; D/ uint8 8-bit signed integer
. ^5 V( A' b/ k; ~7 r }) h$ zuint8 8-bit unsigned integer K; K$ M6 C' M- @- g
int16 16-bit signed integer
$ \; [- Z$ |/ w! B1 y3 E0 \uint16 16-bit unsigned integer
5 |" y5 M9 e) a9 jint32 32-bit signed integer* j, t% s h! c- |+ ?/ N( C
uint32 32-bit unsigned integer4 Q2 s$ W: h ~% ?' Q
int64 64-bit signed integer
8 f" G$ U& {9 H+ c" _# suint64 64-bit unsigned integer
G0 E8 O, o7 B# v `1 ~6 c qsingle single precision numerical data/ N: Q4 k# J( F# |1 ^
double double precision numerical data
9 l; n8 ~9 t b8 T: flogical logical values of 1 or 0, represent true and false respectively U% O, x- K: K! u0 {$ D
char character data (strings are stored as vector of characters)
& l, g1 t% [/ wcell array array of indexed cells, each capable of storing an array of a different dimension and data type8 V; @$ ^& b2 A& O. a7 z: z7 r" y* |
structure C-like structures, each structure having named fields capable of storing an array of a different dimension and data type8 Q) Y* @- m8 T6 ^+ S0 w
function handle yiibaier to a function1 i; L0 ]/ _& {$ ], v: u5 L
user classes objects constructed from a user-defined class$ u$ R% ^2 G: i [5 \
java classes objects constructed from a Java class6 Y# b1 b: l4 @# F; V0 u& A
例子
: R, C7 G, z: Y) _1 }5 K' o: v; k
7 |; ^0 R: B7 Z n创建一个脚本文件,用下面的代码:
- P* B+ m; w v6 ~/ @/ J9 r: H: @$ w, j
str = 'Hello World!'
- a. l v+ f9 e% Dn = 2345
" |, E5 F; e9 c! c3 U/ P5 Pd = double(n)
3 J# m1 K' E5 iun = uint32(789.50)! V6 c$ [0 a. e/ ^' h
rn = 5678.92347
% I) X& z* v' B; s! i- xc = int32(rn)4 _; }9 \3 ]; H9 {# O' W7 X2 W6 g
上面的代码编译和执行时,它会产生以下结果:
0 H# v k3 w3 O
" |* O) e8 \. W$ @3 o* y# Mstr =6 a. l. _/ {- X' N0 M7 a7 q
Hello World!7 b, T! y# w8 O
n =
5 a$ m7 H0 q; a5 A/ G9 |0 r8 N& ]1 S 2345" W1 Z. t% K5 y2 \5 y$ g
d =
: N( F$ h1 ]) { 2345
& z) O' X; E0 kun =' a- A4 x5 T7 U L9 I5 y9 A$ f) ?/ L( k
790
' m, `- R1 u3 h- T1 U. ?$ S2 \" |rn =
! ?- d! p) N- V \; Z' ^& s8 G+ { 5.6789e+038 [. V9 ]9 Y- Q( m( \3 M6 v
c =
! t7 H4 c4 D6 T* s) O v0 d 5679
' I- R& d8 b. V# I' Z数据类型转换
7 Y3 @' V7 C% G
3 W" A( w! y* }$ }* p5 PMATLAB 提供各种函数,用于从一种数据类型转换到另一种。下表显示的数据类型转换函数:) [- ~! k$ }! J7 ~% w7 v
D) S: q, d; E. A! Z, |" o m
函数 目的/作用
' p0 [7 q" l2 I5 d9 L( J2 Zchar Convert to character array (string)$ n2 y1 ~/ s& p6 D" T5 P9 o
int2str Convert integer data to string
) t/ y+ ~. Y, ` h1 W* xmat2str Convert matrix to string+ X2 U# c; p* |/ c
num2str Convert number to string5 }: r u9 p. ^9 I# R
str2double Convert string to double-precision value' C d# K* F% _5 a6 H; z4 E$ k
str2num Convert string to number! o1 b& `' }/ C1 ]8 x1 X
native2unicode Convert numeric bytes to Unicode characters
* S* ?7 L. [; I# b1 a+ \9 N/ L& Aunicode2native Convert Unicode characters to numeric bytes
+ y( ?* n9 c4 L9 e+ h( e% f8 M$ ibase2dec Convert base N number string to decimal number
" S- J" S* q& s: H0 @ {bin2dec Convert binary number string to decimal number
p2 Z, {/ U3 fdec2base Convert decimal to base N number in string7 Y. O5 N/ ]: W2 c
dec2bin Convert decimal to binary number in string4 E4 \1 T1 r2 t# ]- f' g' b7 W
dec2hex Convert decimal to hexadecimal number in string" j- q" ]6 g( t: W' C& ~
hex2dec Convert hexadecimal number string to decimal number
* k" u& M" K r: `; `hex2num Convert hexadecimal number string to double-precision number
4 b3 K3 L: u4 a. Ynum2hex Convert singles and doubles to IEEE hexadecimal strings3 N! l1 K! r: E5 O) I
cell2mat Convert cell array to numeric array
F7 Q8 `. a2 L$ Y+ k4 B/ C$ tcell2struct Convert cell array to structure array0 H/ |0 X9 U( N6 ?/ z/ B
cellstr Create cell array of strings from character array
; }5 B0 K9 |$ \/ q+ C/ x. X" W3 Bmat2cell Convert array to cell array with potentially different sized cells
( O0 t( o5 z9 t& [num2cell Convert array to cell array with consistently sized cells
1 R6 {8 B! n9 Q- z! h* P! Y) r% n0 Mstruct2cell Convert structure to cell array
9 M7 J8 X; C. q7 z5 I% J2 p% B测定的数据类型; @( q% Z5 Y% W
9 g1 |# ]. w) J( p7 {MATLAB 提供各种函数标识数据类型的变量。
* d; z1 X3 C% ~% Z; x* Y3 @% _# c& ]. W+ y
下表提供了确定一个变量的数据类型的函数:+ O" r8 ~+ W3 ^+ `& A5 o9 x
$ @6 D g. q5 _# A函数 目的/作用! {2 m# q: I- e- c% i( n/ a7 ?
is Detect state
0 _5 X0 m& Y3 Xisa Determine if input is object of specified class
" T; `% V. y& X: g) k+ Niscell Determine whether input is cell array( A4 _# c+ @% `& _5 u) s2 n
iscellstr Determine whether input is cell array of strings
% j L; v7 |3 j" [/ xischar Determine whether item is character array# y& n7 ? [' z d1 k6 w. Y# p
isfield Determine whether input is structure array field; G. E% H. }2 K4 A0 h% I
isfloat Determine if input is floating-yiibai array
1 U4 |3 M* n& z6 i9 U( W6 m3 Oishghandle True for Handle Graphics object handles
) M( k3 c7 i3 \) C' Visinteger Determine if input is integer array# W7 B! b" x7 D+ q3 ^
isjava Determine if input is Java object, R4 d# V- N* u6 i
islogical Determine if input is logical array0 s9 d8 U6 U' `% B. l. Y
isnumeric Determine if input is numeric array
$ I7 _! e7 v* y( G( O& \isobject Determine if input is MATLAB object# ]- b$ ^1 }, B; I
isreal Check if input is real array
7 F; I' h' g7 p, Y$ hisscalar Determine whether input is scalar8 {& [& m% p. j [/ ?
isstr Determine whether input is character array
; ]) l) R* q2 j6 i% q7 ~isstruct Determine whether input is structure array
1 z% q$ b% W; e2 Q( a1 u. Aisvector Determine whether input is vector1 e+ O# V9 n, z3 n
class Determine class of object+ h. v! X4 A) g! E/ w
validateattributes Check validity of array8 p9 {( ?/ U: O# c# t- \; h
whos List variables in workspace, with sizes and types q5 E4 o4 s+ l
例子# T: ?3 ~1 k7 F/ T9 M
3 F2 \" Z" r9 g# O, z, s: j/ z* o
创建一个脚本文件,用下面的代码:# u$ J, n1 y/ M, U: E
0 l) b/ l+ g' w# u! f* U Q
x = 3
( \/ m. P& @/ q( F M8 tisinteger(x)$ i$ w0 u0 \+ C! {: k% Y4 L
isfloat(x)
9 \. L# u8 |/ S S3 E" bisvector(x)7 P" y# {+ V! L6 W4 d) _ ?. a
isscalar(x): m2 Q. V9 g i8 n& S( S
isnumeric(x)# l' e( J3 Y- Z/ k' b2 w5 ^' U
9 i& b( j# K6 W& v8 V( wx = 23.54
1 ]: b5 h- L/ Z; ^: _; y" Pisinteger(x)$ b) K. r i1 n3 L n- S1 N
isfloat(x)
: |. ~5 Z, Y: k+ s/ p% @isvector(x)0 r# Z4 y. L/ ^4 F8 G# u p& m
isscalar(x)/ A; ]. E/ `/ i/ v' |. G5 Q
isnumeric(x)
- O, O& j- V7 s) |% R* k& |
+ s; t# x, Z# d! qx = [1 2 3]
/ \9 a& F9 e# A( Z, z+ Eisinteger(x)
* N3 k! {7 `; l' U' W3 Zisfloat(x)
( R8 B4 h0 @& Qisvector(x)& @% ~" @ c9 `
isscalar(x)+ R: @( E8 H; N6 e& P. t
+ ~6 g# U9 P( V1 Y, B# q
x = 'Hello'$ Q+ E o1 T/ c8 s
isinteger(x)7 H/ L. ]$ x- y: R
isfloat(x)1 e) _4 V! e; {9 o( ?/ p7 o2 s4 _
isvector(x)8 H5 b( B, U& d! d2 k3 W2 R
isscalar(x)
3 j: V1 l4 j; G) G3 ]2 q5 Tisnumeric(x)
( O+ E! n+ r9 ]! M当运行该文件,它会产生以下结果:9 g/ n" |: q, w3 S6 b& _7 O) J7 u
1 T b8 B9 `" p6 H* p- D
x =
5 F7 j. J. z$ _/ e5 \ 3
1 l. v# w: p, }& o" u. [5 Cans =
* H: ]/ z+ M1 L4 o! @7 {2 c+ D 0# h9 O: X9 ^/ Q8 ?6 N! N
ans =0 I; B9 u# Y- N
1
& [4 i# a* M3 M7 d" T, M8 aans =, L$ T7 G' x" ?1 t p
1
: }3 f6 ], ?, e% k, S8 u6 Z/ Hans =
7 B/ Q9 m, q& g, X+ P7 O6 K$ | 1
/ A `8 h, a' n4 n5 ~ans =
( d% P9 y1 T' w! m3 v+ Q- N 1
3 j7 x# x2 m; \ z8 ?4 T$ m6 ^x =& e) D3 h {& c
23.54005 k7 |2 o1 g. B! V( z- `
ans =0 R* v, A- R: J+ J0 Z
0# Q% U* M& S7 J. }6 J, H
ans =
9 T- a$ n8 k1 j$ r& |' G 1! k- z7 @/ \) q- Z& ]( v
ans =
" y( u; ?! t. t$ ?" p e; q. ` 1/ q- x5 ~4 |4 b& N) i
ans =
/ Q6 l3 _) T" O, x2 _* a$ Y( E p 1
. J c; }0 c9 |. {# R& x s( a9 mans =
& G: f+ C2 D- s6 I# Y 1
1 _; I" V/ w3 z; ?x =
+ S4 o% t; ]7 I 1 2 3
- e: w! C0 [ X, u7 A# Aans =
# k3 b4 }7 l: z5 O" s' s 0
+ z7 R( G2 Q* x! j$ w( a! tans =
+ L( ]- _' h6 t* g/ m1 w: K+ F 1
, x$ R3 P( B" g* j! l$ Z+ Hans =
* L" f8 _6 a. l 1
) ]8 L, N7 q H# ?0 a' f! zans =" r+ t* b8 o% x: U* r
0& s2 B- z. K" Q# A$ m# }- b- l
x =- p1 F* { y9 Q7 [& r! F) X
Hello% v9 o' }3 g0 z. w7 a% \4 t
ans =
+ M; H1 A6 a7 W1 ~! X' a 0; |7 ^! U% L, H5 H( _2 |' T
ans =
; P7 Q& [& W# _ H- U T 0
f* o/ Y' s* \$ l& B b* ians =* Q. Y9 V$ A$ t, i) p+ K
1
7 S, d2 A# o4 Xans =
: J; I, k ]2 u( B+ O3 H 0' U& z2 |6 T! a: i
ans =
8 O+ e& {/ G# e& D, f; u9 x 0
* v) h/ u- N) c$ Z: h5 O5 B% D
7 }( ]4 H6 f8 }) i2 i: F9 W, Y1 T————————————————
0 W* b* R+ y0 `/ F& i1 i3 }; n8 R版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「Phil__ming」的原创文章。
. J7 @& a& D3 b) n; [. D9 _原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/Poseidon__ming/article/details/75092575' U' |$ o4 L$ ]' \4 S
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