Python基本数据类型字符串操作总结& K( k& c3 ]0 d
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前言5 W! j. j/ Y3 C+ I" I- G9 t' n
今天是《CSDN21天学习挑战赛》的第13天3 K* e, r8 d% l( _3 b
昨天学习Python组合数据类型——集合类型:集合 1 ~* Y3 X, A6 R, B 今天学习Python基本数据类型——字符串0 O& j% D5 x7 h
4 S, P( |* o, z+ q( M! y活动地址:CSDN21天学习挑战赛1 a! D5 t: m- G
0 o$ L8 m ^: Q+ D# |# b" @% W Z; [文章目录* ~8 b3 {: c) }, a3 u
前言+ J& M @4 j7 g7 t
Python基本数据类型——字符串- w0 N# Y/ k- [1 o
一、字符串的驻留机制 4 W- o/ E5 C5 K n1.字符串 " U7 R5 b, r$ D2.什么叫字符串的驻留机制 " B; o8 w3 _8 b* g3.字符串驻留机制的几种情况(交互式) , N6 [+ ]0 j) ]4.强制2个字符串指向同一个对象 % U) H6 P, P5 J' w; _1 H0 s5. PyCharm对字符串进行了优化处理 - y( E/ X+ S4 H5 y6.字符串驻留机制的优缺点 3 v" o b1 \0 p二、字符串类型的操作 ; I' M7 O; C2 s; b& u1.字符串操作符 v, U8 `; _5 ^( t2.字符串处理函数4 f+ u7 `* `9 D1 K/ i% z2 K
3.字符串处理方法4 |$ o) h5 q+ [/ G
4.字符串的查询操作2 W- v& ]* H A
5.字符串大小写转换操作 # ~4 h) k+ ?5 U/ q. x- i( U$ @6.字符串内容对齐操作方法 - U9 E U: ]% ^7.字符串的劈分操作 4 o( R! Z8 s# k$ R0 {% P r( I8.判断字符串的方法 2 A! i3 v% v$ u8 F9.字符串的替换与合并操作0 ?4 T3 w- u( K. J+ [. s
10.字符串的比较运算 ( \4 W" o* V6 m6 X1 r8 J11.字符串的切片操作 " W- B' S1 ~; W% b5 P12.格式化字符串 ; \* j) t5 W: J4 q12.1为什么要格式化字符串, O) p: X8 [4 w, R& p9 H& d
12.2格式化字符串的三种方式 \/ n; |7 W$ _6 \13.数值与字符串类型转换函数+ a0 O. \% R4 W' S; v
三、字符串编码转换+ J! n& J$ `" f5 T3 B
1.为什么要进行字符串编码转换' C! w b+ Y9 S! W4 D& _: K
2.编码与解码的方式 # l/ B" `* d e$ w5 a) ^四、总结- l# T+ l) g- @
1.字符串操作符 4 B" H3 d; a2 P5 S, ]+ |2.字符串处理函数 : h4 ]& F0 {" n) ?0 Q1 u3.字符串处理方法 # P2 B" e- l& L- e2 r2 g' X4.字符串的查询操作 3 d; Y. Q6 I0 p5.字符串大小写转换操作/ Y; g$ u, v1 U1 H8 v
6.字符串内容对齐操作方法2 P( S! l: B% o* c" \9 C
7.字符串的劈分操作 3 E9 f% p: J/ n/ W' }4 L+ b8.判断字符串的方法 , j" d& L/ k# W2 ~8 O9.字符串的替换与合并操作 , B4 G2 b+ S& K s' z" X4 d" R10.字符串的比较运算 9 L/ a5 d) |/ }3 s+ E11.数值与字符串类型转换函数+ X3 u& {# |, U0 t! B7 C+ \! B
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Python基本数据类型——字符串 0 W/ L0 c9 r$ w6 L$ P字符串又称为字符序列,根据字符串的内容多少分为单行字符串和多行字符串。 ; p2 Q- u" S! k+ e. d3 Y5 Q, e' n6 m6 N7 a
单行字符串可以由一对单引号' '或一对双引号" "作为边界,单引号和双引号的作用相同。当使用单引号时双引号可以作为字符串的一部分,使用双引号时,单引号可以作为字符串的一部分。9 W* y0 g0 h: z" N/ p
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多行字符串由一对三单引号''' '''或三双引号""" """作为边界来表示,二者作用相同。% t+ ]5 ?- s) k3 {2 w, D
' @; [1 C2 I. c6 I: Y8 m一、字符串的驻留机制 % y% b% P- c' l* f, q1.字符串. I4 r* Z2 y2 F2 G) f+ j; g! h
字符串:Python基本数据类型:是一个不可变序列 9 l& ^( }$ B: A3 Z M5 X4 ~ M- l/ e
2.什么叫字符串的驻留机制 ( W% I( b( |4 u. T) s" Y% Z" y6 @8 m8 s仅保存一份相同且不可变字符串的方法,不同的值会被保存在字符串的驻留池中。 + J0 v4 j6 X( @" N, T; T4 [1 [% A$ v" |+ C: M, F, r
Python的驻留机制会对相同的字符串只保留一份拷贝,后续创建相同的字符串时,不会开辟新的空间,而是把字符串的地址付给新创建的变量。% J7 ^# ~: H' z/ Z Q8 o8 W
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-5 d4 C6 i, p, o( H' F) ]: z
# @FILE : demo24.py+ l/ T, P8 z C" j3 X1 E
# @author: Flyme awei0 ?) o! O& ^' {& X) A+ p8 ^
# @Email : 1071505897@qq.com ' t o. a" o) k( N z1 J# @time : 2022/8/11 16:07: M: o! Q1 }6 D: W& l* _
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: H- H% D; J9 }4 G5 a7 Q2 [a = 'python'4 |) G8 U) k4 ^6 c' I. A1 B2 U2 h
b = "python" 6 `: k. v. Z3 @. B+ ac = '''python''' $ h+ l) `+ f+ @ y- gprint(a, id(a)) 1 t% i5 _- |% `' I% Bprint(b, id(b))$ B! P' w2 A4 e0 K6 v
print(c, id(c)) 7 Z. C1 O4 G. g# H" p1 d15 G! \1 i. Y; z0 a
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12 9 i4 y3 s, b4 B, q) b+ p* ^13 0 z/ |( ^ z+ v4 Y# e4 ^5 X ' X, l4 I) f1 I9 I6 q2 r1 m: F 3 ?6 I V! o% I$ |% e: i* \3.字符串驻留机制的几种情况(交互式) 3 Z" r2 f8 J) A) z' I字符串的长度为11 g3 q$ }. p+ z* U: f0 p
符合标识符的字符串(只包含字母,数字,下划线)' _ q8 ~" ^; S. K* O8 l
字符串只在编译是进行驻留,而非运行时$ ^" }6 {( B8 U) `3 ^' ]3 Y
[-5,256]之间的整数数字 8 g( @, g4 n# L, l5 a8 F>>> s1 = ''; K8 T; t5 ^" c( E3 n) m8 z8 a2 T
>>> s2 = '' & p2 U% h- q0 r5 L- e% h3 v>>> s1 is s2 - E4 A6 g7 m1 x! l" K& TTrue " H" M: W" `- s2 L+ |>>> 2 l( v; r5 A; X7 t, f>>> s1 = 'a'5 W) t/ p, L$ K" o9 f( }* @, H5 h* t
>>> s2 = 'a'9 a8 T+ J) z$ X: a0 d+ c
>>> s1 is s2 1 N8 h" y6 E) } PTrue / D% n. k6 n* A>>>( S4 t8 f1 b: }& v
>>> s1 = 'abc_def' ! b/ d! t+ Z. e- D$ e$ U- C! Y. q' M>>> s2 = 'abc_def'9 l M; @$ {) Y, R0 [; l
>>> s1 is s2 " B, _' ^# y. m# v1 `True# ^& o$ n4 w8 R3 b+ [3 N
>>> s1 = 'abc%def'' e/ b. n( G% j
>>> s2 = 'abc%def' 1 m' m& [: x. j9 u$ r3 {>>> s1 == s25 n5 b5 ~' l" d4 U; Y. z
True6 k9 S* ]" h+ D/ R9 k$ S' S: K
>>> s1 is s2 + f0 i2 o$ k1 }False ! G( w* h& @% x; T% o>>>+ b5 e- x9 y N+ o! `0 U. h
>>> a = 256: p* z4 T, P. ?% ]6 Q% z# f( U
>>> b = 256 V6 T$ S7 t* w! C8 }
>>> a is b $ I2 s* I3 ]5 h* a x% I3 ~True% c, J" d- F) S/ G, {& S
>>> a = 257& g$ ?/ K* k- P
>>> b = 257 $ N: }- `, P. v% } i>>> a is b* J, O5 u8 I, U$ k) N
False/ S( B; H! e. e' ^
>>> a == b $ [5 ~8 U& L1 a( S* `: j: E: MTrue % Z" v+ ]6 f/ y; |' K7 B>>> 2 V+ b# L% Q3 y2 F. a$ Z 3 r) B: A2 r% b! K- i0 j# P/ |1; t* _0 C) a" _ g, O( z
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4.强制2个字符串指向同一个对象) Z# q/ A" `, w
sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象. c0 m( X; ~" ~! h! |! w
0 y0 E% Q W& y# l3 u! U: Q2 G'''sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象'''8 o" S- ~6 J/ ] K; `
import sys$ ^1 e0 Z) m9 s* m
a = 'abc%'! a# v3 l; {9 N1 H6 q
b = 'abc%' 1 j( N( c- X: P/ I0 M2 yprint(a is b) # True J/ w3 b/ L# L8 U5 @0 Ka = sys.intern(b); u" p' l& |9 ^3 b7 d
print(id(a), id(b)) # 2989905230512 29899052305123 y' W6 O$ s8 U# u d6 ~6 A4 m# {; z& r
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7 7 K) o8 `1 d q# z& V0 H8 5 @1 p4 A" d' l6 C* J5. PyCharm对字符串进行了优化处理 E' N, h1 J! v' G) ~4 z* p% B6.字符串驻留机制的优缺点: Z- g% m& F7 _0 ?
当需要值相同的字符串时,可以直接从字符串池里拿来使用,避免频繁的创建和销毁,提升效率和节约内存,因此拼接字符串和修改字符串是会比较影响性能的。( ?; J s6 H0 |
5 C( U6 u9 \; O# F) M8 o 在需要进行字符串拼接时建议使用 str类型的join方法,而非+ ,因为join()方法是先计算出所有字符中的长度,然后再拷贝,只new一次对象,效率要比"+"效率高 。+ j' D. `! W6 P, A# Q0 T0 l
6 O( o, M b2 f7 F二、字符串类型的操作 3 K) c# [$ C2 ]4 F+ WPython类str内置源码:) e! ]; K' h5 I4 i$ T
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class str(object): ) Z6 z% T- b6 h5 j% |; Y$ X: i """0 v/ {# _" W4 u0 R
str = "(对象)——> str 4 Q8 a* g* r6 r4 S, N/ U- @% m! P4 N1 \0 P0 F) d, L$ D5 r! C2 c
Str (bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> Str+ _' V& q5 n7 L2 ~ E5 p1 l
1 q2 j/ m& |$ ]$ t 从给定的对象创建一个新的字符串对象。如果编码或,则对象必须公开数据缓冲区 / E+ s- p. a3 @4 Q( q& B9 h 将使用给定的编码和错误处理程序进行解码。 3 L0 N7 z1 k8 X- z 1 P! p6 y+ ?7 \3 o
否则,返回object.__str__()的结果(如果已定义)或repr(对象)。; K3 B P+ `" @3 c8 @5 C* c, o
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编码默认为sys.getdefaultencoding()。0 U s0 R/ P- S- l7 r7 n' L
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Errors默认为'strict'。- h* ~4 N* J: x" v0 R
""" 0 e- u' Y B! J8 M4 {4 |1 p% v, ^ def capitalize(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown & s4 q: h& O2 n& Q3 G6 T3 h0 _ """ + c% H& `% T2 l Return a capitalized version of the string.6 d% l" J( c& K* E- G
5 y8 ?2 z: f% m6 M6 | More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower/ P/ A, d* b4 y! X& ], h$ C5 M3 O
case. 4 P$ L9 Y3 }- ^% T. C """ 2 v4 _- `) y2 V pass% q; v' p' }$ M! V/ [3 H
1 l, a% ]4 |+ x6 z def casefold(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , Q. o' a0 B/ y5 `# `& }8 I """ Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons. """0 n' ?0 E- Y3 s
pass 5 V4 Y) ^9 `) i9 }. q/ V. K& f0 ]' H1 g* V1 p- u( Q
def center(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown5 [" g, {, H5 c L3 i
""" 9 C- {# P+ x- b/ W9 G& g+ h/ n 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。 ( _( G* _# {+ e' E9 L$ k/ L# Q" J
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。2 K& b8 {; j6 y9 J" ]# M
""" 9 \ h3 q' G) l$ I& D pass h/ U7 m" X( c$ H. F: p5 z6 F" M $ y$ t2 T; Q- r/ R def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 4 h6 T3 b7 p L """ . U/ \; q2 k! w- b6 L S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> 6 O5 J1 L8 O# [% V: R2 K$ G * A3 c! |$ O4 S int .count(sub[, start[, end]]返回子字符串sub in不重叠出现的次数" w! Z, M6 \6 Q; v( {+ K$ a# k# T
/ ]) O6 h3 _- [/ R% V" V2 q7 ]8 F8 ~ 字符串(开始:结束)。可选参数start和end是用切片表示法解释。% l: _2 x$ z% q# a$ y W$ }
"""5 w9 l* s0 [3 r4 P* \
return 0 0 c, u' V$ S2 f - d, |* O! n, ^5 @& U def encode(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 5 E9 z! i5 m) u! Q """/ p9 x# g7 b3 J2 I/ C
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding. % _) ~9 I* k$ p9 D3 Z( M- n( V* o9 Z
encoding 0 ]0 r' K+ v( V1 _, t The encoding in which to encode the string.# I: @( E( D. }$ C) R# h
errors 7 a& }$ D, K3 Z0 t; P; u1 } Z The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. & n) M7 W& W0 f5 Q7 F `4 @# v {+ b The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a7 Q! _ L2 c* B1 \8 J( k+ _( f; B
UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and# C( K: ?( J2 F+ f. @( W' M/ v
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with $ O9 l4 J W- \. `3 ] codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. - Y: M4 ^1 W0 Y ; T! K0 _5 F/ u: O4 e9 o 使用注册用于编码的编解码器对字符串进行编码。 ' I* H7 a! A9 c+ {" s . @: X9 w8 ^1 I" A- w4 D+ o) ~) ` 编码9 t" K+ H; c: q3 ?; |' F/ Y
用于编码字符串的编码方式。 % v. s/ e4 T3 h" f2 f# k4 T6 v 错误 % F$ }1 K* h) @6 z8 M; P, z% H! k 用于编码错误的错误处理方案。 _+ o x3 O5 [; v' b9 \
默认值是'strict',意味着编码错误会引发UnicodeEncodeError。 7 G5 a" J, u$ M0 h% _$ R. n4 R 其他可能的值有'ignore', 'replace'和'xmlcharrefreplace'以及注册的任何其他名称编解码器。 4 W* }8 [! r; x/ n' o: M4 `% z+ t9 e 可以处理UnicodeEncodeErrors的register_error。 1 K4 E" `8 ?/ \9 n1 q& U """3 w V, Z H0 Q T
pass $ E! Q$ t% k7 Z, K- B [# v ) Y4 t; [9 J3 \ def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__8 t4 t( ?- l3 @
"""" P) K! H. y( p, g3 T5 p3 X4 q9 H, f
S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool! H7 P7 w) b: J( ^7 h) [
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Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.0 B/ T1 E: D( f* z
With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 5 J1 j% @: N8 b7 v: K With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. * E: L# t2 G% L- l/ ~- Q* q suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. 4 S/ w0 {: Y% G$ l, W& j """ ; `+ }; z0 Y; W8 F2 w8 V- f return False: }) _! X7 i3 R9 O
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def expandtabs(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown / O6 M$ G. h, `* c" K9 J """% P6 l8 g5 o: F' q+ _2 V. G
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. " f: a( r: l- }; \8 o3 } : u- A; u3 }; _- s0 s( r9 [* K4 L* P: m If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. Q9 O" A; K ? O% ]+ A5 T, @9 U """ 9 A& Q1 T+ U8 ~ pass1 K+ F! D1 \& k( J
1 N7 L3 d- D, s! T# C$ B: | def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__* R+ ?# M) Z0 `
"""' i d+ _/ z7 [/ ]& G
S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int ' D$ R, u: t3 G9 i* u" ]; _( k Y+ m% t- h! K; n+ S0 K Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,1 ^4 X( z; I0 S+ V" p [' ~1 w3 e) R
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional9 J+ m. n7 v- u0 ? P7 R
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.6 t2 q" g) r t1 W7 X# L9 X
/ r2 H. n6 l* V% Z Return -1 on failure. 5 b: z- \1 O A( ^ ) N* K! t! |( @: Z" N# u S! q S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int$ ?1 s% l1 c! Q4 x4 C& Q' D
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返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。# _, h0 Z% m+ I( ]+ Y$ i* L
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。 6 K4 s; X$ t5 @1 I & R8 z# R- }; s" [/ Q8 i
失败时返回-1。; A( r" o; X- q- M# ^1 w
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return 0 0 T, Z% v& V0 s% X8 u' G7 t# y$ j # h3 C* w1 K. ~! u( U def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format ) @8 f G( u ^5 O """+ r: l% s7 G# z9 Y1 `9 P
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str - f9 o7 l b+ H$ K! v4 L 7 p. T: l! {+ } Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. L( w! F* J5 w6 j1 _
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').9 g: z) Z* [$ G! J( Q0 e& L& r& W! D
; L; i; k" w4 ^6 S q
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str X0 S D$ c# f7 e8 e, a% A
1 l; U: M4 ? _5 e1 O9 D 使用args和kwargs的替换,返回S的格式化版本。, |0 V- h3 J" a( O+ C }
替换由大括号('{'和'}')标识。 ; P, o3 u+ y* D! Z% r, d9 C1 j """ 0 o% `$ X+ U5 V8 M x( c pass * }* {( Y4 Y/ u* v7 R1 i6 t9 u/ c. K. Q4 {
def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__- X0 R8 i5 S4 v' _
""" U8 t6 K0 @8 J- E
S.format_map(mapping) -> str1 J7 h$ b4 [- D
" z4 o; _+ {5 W* { Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. * ~8 U& j' p" m, ~: _4 h& I; z The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). . m. O/ |% L& N8 O* K """ " i i* s, v% B3 R# e return ""' f; u0 f& f) d7 D: m
* J! Q/ s9 @& f" k/ X) V0 y2 k
def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ / l5 A; n/ S5 o: z" B2 i" u+ {, O """ , j3 Y) a2 z- X* |6 W' s+ P S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int # Y9 P, o6 l/ G e2 k/ \7 B' b5 m, y 5 |+ w8 G/ C$ W Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, ; n# M4 z2 F0 }3 k( C9 U such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional " @) E# V) L% H) K arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.+ s& M* R6 Q* n- @
" F9 f% d; Q& m3 {/ f Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.4 P. z# R! ^8 z! `1 B$ d% r
- H, _7 i% V/ f3 Y- Q S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int ; K: B2 G* v: B. S( |
.index(sub[, start[, end]] : S; y4 F$ p5 j: E 6 T: J1 z h& ^5 g% k$ T2 d ?7 S, o' E 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。+ A( Z$ J6 s" L- H2 J- u
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。0 w* ]5 F! i$ F4 e: p1 V L
' e8 E% i3 \, a6 D+ ` def isalnum(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . U; n* a' r+ Q! t$ n s8 v* a- A """ / K; S- E: |5 `* w Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise. r( G( a% }+ y1 f! @: L
; T1 E5 t- w& u! A3 X A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and ; d; B4 H% S4 f! s; X there is at least one character in the string. $ e Z$ s# }- |& ? """8 b! j, `# o; q9 {
pass # @' D U8 t% O0 r9 o% }! S9 J* B" \. c+ L; h
def isalpha(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. p# D; k, u. V d- p1 X
"""7 k' R1 f" z# P+ T0 `
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise. 8 c' E8 [6 O" j2 g6 y6 N% q / k6 q4 O' g7 B# v2 g/ W/ } A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there) Z6 n# p9 \! f: ?; x% @
is at least one character in the string. ( E7 |8 B$ w' D# f """ & y8 H3 z& H5 F# {# a pass 0 N0 C7 w$ O( ?; j5 N+ q) M 1 P( ?$ f, J, O& m# p1 _ def isascii(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 7 o; O/ G0 A* e """ ' q% Q/ M8 O- _+ S, W4 K Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise. " D7 q+ e$ t/ w' O! [. S1 ~9 R. f. `8 x4 _' R! n
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F.! ]1 _; }1 X* m$ J. k
Empty string is ASCII too. 6 Q$ c& B% C1 d: \% { """ 5 d- y. {; m) e: {7 S: v/ u# ~ pass ; V+ W4 ]! S" S3 C' v 9 L- h' o0 s1 t, z def isdecimal(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown O- X( @' e6 j) T( q """& n' p( S5 l r. Y/ z
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.. p0 ^. v# }3 b4 Y' `7 x
( p' }8 Y& }+ z& @5 O9 L: s
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and$ y! O! y+ I. B' `+ Z% Z
there is at least one character in the string. 9 t( h1 t# w1 @' n6 [ """ 5 M+ F3 a3 [" C5 G5 x* L; E6 z: H/ d. F pass " C( u- E% [3 u3 s P$ I / l9 ]: C ]+ y1 R# Y5 y1 \( l def isdigit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown: ]. P7 L% V$ x+ Y4 j& I8 R
""" + `% _* ~; Z2 }7 X4 Z7 q Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.6 w9 {1 p5 O5 H, a
8 _3 s* \0 }" n* \: ~. x- k
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there( ~5 H0 l% y" F/ B& _" H' B( K
is at least one character in the string.! A# N% r* d# F, z2 o2 T; g7 I- a4 J
"""! t9 ?6 D! m5 M8 R1 y
pass 7 s" M. P' ] f' G, v+ U! p/ m. q) \+ ]. n
def isidentifier(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown/ d: u0 e$ B2 b
""" : d/ }0 q1 v. q3 [% J Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.) i: a; s' w5 d$ U8 Z/ J
: U) k0 r, i" K6 K7 W Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, , V- z( ~) u0 k such as "def" or "class".8 t- J6 R) g8 ]# s
"""0 m6 o/ ~& `8 e# f
pass 5 }- @+ \- Z: t. ?' D# E6 v' Z# D/ i, R% y
def islower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 0 {6 Y5 T" F" l, w2 L ^ """ 9 b+ _% k: A8 q) } Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.8 J6 G4 u' v+ t+ ^
& u% K: g. @ }( \$ D) N# S
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and : ^8 S+ L; P }) @( V& g- r0 o/ o- n; K) F there is at least one cased character in the string./ b, w) p6 T# M# D" C$ \* a
""" 9 L9 T4 `/ h$ I6 l+ e pass3 n) s3 R8 y1 B9 C8 Q
9 S: w3 H# v* t9 s c% G) L* J def isnumeric(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 ^. M6 c. m& ~' N# t( |$ m """" w/ m b2 ? N+ l
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.' K) S3 I4 J$ A4 d5 k
* O+ h6 a8 n6 I- S A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at: g6 H( H7 _$ V( E' L
least one character in the string." G4 |7 t7 p3 M3 |. Z* T/ P) Z5 u
"""+ ^% ^6 k3 V& \5 {8 N
pass + w6 E! J1 n, {2 H' v 6 C; d- ~- S4 e0 C0 d5 p/ `3 ? def isprintable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' k1 P2 p& ?. p& f* T& i) c+ k9 t """ * c! L2 ]; P+ z6 d' u; v$ L% Q# }% j Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.8 i4 e0 ~. y* ]
3 A* {7 J- c0 q8 r A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in 7 F5 L( t1 S i6 r) n- p repr() or if it is empty.; v7 e% X1 ?/ C
""" 6 f0 T* V: ~, g* r3 R# g) B pass : }+ ?$ ~7 L. i2 e2 ^ * {" h7 f$ ~, d, d' [ def isspace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown$ ^; x* G) c) D4 ^5 {
""". A) u8 h7 {& M6 t3 Y6 I
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise. 7 G5 C( {* R- a1 j! a" Q9 q+ n/ Y' o D! z5 X( h' A
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there 0 f* v9 a( g& V8 U5 O" A is at least one character in the string. u, F+ R" n7 Y' j0 x& U% C3 E
""" * [6 l; P0 ^- X: _' G0 y f: p$ L pass 3 X9 x! D$ D8 M6 V$ s $ }/ H1 H& T' H def istitle(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 7 z4 ]2 U# {: a3 ~; R8 i """0 r( K2 U$ k! s) Q0 x
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise. ( e& T, W7 z: @& m6 @% ?3 o6 N% a" c2 `! L& |
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only+ M( N: \$ r+ q
follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.( C$ X7 A# l$ M8 f# x9 r
""" / e, M- j% T5 b- ?8 k pass e/ D' O) ^2 `( }: J Q! X, @; N
1 L: O6 g1 ?% {' d def isupper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown5 X8 B' @2 z4 N# u2 H) g: g
""" - m0 T: h$ _/ m% ? Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.7 |# ?4 X+ {! A! |
/ U) Y2 [8 h5 e: u/ U! F
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and : r+ N4 _9 s. F! {1 G( e there is at least one cased character in the string.9 S" {+ A$ g8 s& m4 d1 f, G
"""1 `0 J: l' A7 p; E
pass% U1 ^8 l9 ^* G! ?/ a& V
# W% X* ^. F2 W" O) `8 |; D def join(self, ab=None, pq=None, rs=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ # Q# ]2 b# I4 b% \9 } """ 0 @8 e- h W1 o- N7 U4 n i( y Concatenate any number of strings. 6 b1 B0 k: P E2 _/ U8 \7 |) v2 r' j+ F- }: S
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. ( s% Q: N- [3 B- g8 x The result is returned as a new string. , \: L1 c; g- t$ r% D , [/ j P# z! i+ p0 T Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs' + O2 {! U# L* H2 p + [/ t9 d- q( f 连接任意数量的字符串。 9 `* R$ ~" e( Q4 J# x * Q! a. H a# g. w; D; R 调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。 % L. c' \- g; |! T 结果以新字符串的形式返回。 % Y" G( ~0 I ~3 s" ]3 n $ P+ z" v: x" [ 例如:“。”。Join (['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs' 9 A. q8 g6 Y0 R- c. E """3 ]" _' R6 c f3 h
pass9 g7 i; d* T' g; s8 d- |9 n+ d& H( f
3 S1 F' }' L# b1 L* m$ x$ F* A; r def ljust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. |9 `) Z" ?3 i6 p" T
""" * ^5 z* T7 |: h4 q. D Return a left-justified string of length width. , V I9 I, H" p2 b: D : v9 T3 T) S! D+ M& r* g Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). l3 Y$ J( `# s2 }# ~" F
7 x# P& z1 a+ ]. g/ Q# @5 a; p 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。 . \! m( L7 K- R; ?: a 3 O; I( b$ i3 J. Y' v C 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。$ S8 {. H4 v% z8 i W
"""6 H6 e1 Z" [) D. a2 l' Z4 a3 v
pass : Y0 K9 ?7 {7 W$ v; o/ k * i% l6 t4 }: o0 r2 M9 Z def lower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! L; o; z1 R6 y+ V """ Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase. 6 R/ @) u- `% Z+ Y" | 返回转换为小写的字符串副本。""") o* |+ M/ y% ]2 d- U8 ]- x* S8 }. l$ O
pass/ _& P8 {, O6 Q! K, D+ W
, h$ I% K$ n$ N+ e1 m
def lstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 `: z; ^3 _; G """ q- @9 x4 o2 a8 M' y Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed. 0 T O6 L* f) v1 M : }# u" G: ^/ V- {; y If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. , k+ L6 U) B* {- C) W 9 \; b& ?' p& r4 C# f$ A 返回删除前导空格的字符串副本。: @9 ^# J# R* ~0 H
1 F0 {. O' L9 Z) a1 w1 f0 o 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。2 e0 f6 P, G, `
""" 4 P g+ o! P+ v' u pass , p) X) A/ O+ T0 z) I, |5 f/ i* a& }
def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 1 b* o1 N5 ^$ y5 T3 q """ " m, ?2 z3 f+ q& Q Return a translation table usable for str.translate().$ @) V4 P" L7 k! `: h' ~
4 T( ~# m, Q) C l4 n
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ; G8 b1 |7 f3 W" U! {/ U ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.7 a' M1 C7 g- S. M
Character keys will be then converted to ordinals." ]0 X& u, g9 X7 b$ Y0 a- t3 W
If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and 0 `5 [. Z! t7 @; x1 w in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the# X% n5 X7 _: A& ?) U. t8 B
character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it8 q% X) c* z0 Y, u6 ?% m! l( A9 t
must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result. ' Q/ a4 \; R% Q """ * |& k* U" V" ^" N+ |. G pass( [0 f f& s w8 u6 \ @
' D0 [% Z& ]3 @) O8 m
def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * G7 S4 I" M5 u$ h, B """& K9 \! r. f5 M6 C
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. ( W/ d) b: Z. ^' A 1 }3 Y- V1 o, H$ s- z This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, " _) D. [: |: z* w' V3 `+ e returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator6 _9 j# O3 y) ~/ P
itself, and the part after it." q# _ o9 d% C+ U
; I- W7 M% }& i P If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string 7 R+ G$ f. h/ p3 ]. f and two empty strings.9 p; |! x2 S" g R# O E
""" a. d3 v! q. t2 H; `; X2 f- X' H pass + X( ]. _, V* \" g/ ^0 J0 p # ?5 r. T' b/ A, P, [' e def replace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 5 N2 {. g b* l( c4 O: r$ S """ 3 F. q0 a+ [0 x Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.* [6 }7 j; {1 T4 c
5 M( D! @: @7 w0 d& `( ?* x, o( ^, \ count z# Q/ F" c$ i0 m t
Maximum number of occurrences to replace.1 r; P% h$ E' c3 \
-1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.$ K4 W7 w+ k& ^7 [( v5 [7 P& m& j; ~
: s1 S! x, {$ O+ n' H) S ^, a1 y
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are5 p3 Z% j! h5 [& `( Z
replaced. ! {! S/ f3 \. u2 M* U: s' m0 h 3 P2 b* R+ C. q# p. U M2 _ 返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。1 c& R; H2 E4 \' g3 B1 y
' q6 A9 _9 y# |) Z5 h: f0 j3 P/ f- r 数 0 x c$ l! E" x) }; C1 o/ B 替换的最大次数。% ?# ?; k7 E9 }: D! l$ M
-1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。% K9 o* u" m" b" z3 r
% w/ u" r, N+ {) F4 x
如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。 % G" Z3 I# r! f2 M" D """4 f' {1 R- k5 i! } J
pass5 Y( r {% g, p# |2 P, ~
; [. [/ x) J ]6 H2 @1 }: J def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__6 [% @! ?9 R7 W1 f& L% q
""" # d4 ] p; E6 ~ n. v S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 7 H2 W! p3 |& [. L5 D . m: z5 `" U Y0 T6 D( A5 r4 l Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, . E4 A& ~0 c0 n8 H/ q. ^ such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional + `6 r7 i" V- ~( B arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 6 D4 l$ S# G; Q( P7 `/ O* l7 h v; H& f4 i1 D6 [! d! c
Return -1 on failure. ' x) X* u0 \- S& s0 G """ 4 b7 D- b- t& A, K P! t! N- H return 0# T7 k* e. g1 _# s9 p
c8 ]* ~3 e6 L def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__- O1 e+ b3 D/ c
""" : u& g; m* l/ J( x# L) G) C2 a6 I S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int7 X7 d9 f2 |" w: P4 ], D2 Z! h
' e2 l& z: e a6 M$ z3 o, @
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,5 j8 ~" l5 |( |) f0 r" N+ J
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional ( h8 x5 ]- e" J5 H+ J arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. ) k s. V3 x% v0 j 3 J q4 B/ V L! k2 | Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.+ O: d+ s+ i' }+ k7 E+ E1 k
""" ; V8 k8 Y) G& V# B: ]4 F$ F- j return 0. K' A# D: O0 Q) k. C/ n
3 L0 ]5 B) P# t1 o5 _) ]0 x def rjust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % Z8 [. O- ^! f' g$ J6 G, r0 M """+ P; Z) `& |0 X9 M8 a" E
Return a right-justified string of length width. 2 P: C4 K( G* S' H' C* M 0 u; R+ Z2 C1 d ?3 j3 p Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).0 B" {; R- Z- ], L) b8 m9 \
* i# x* e8 `. Y) ~
返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。- o: |2 ]9 R8 h1 X! p/ N- J+ P5 ~
( x- p" b8 Q1 A/ d# q 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 " E W% v/ R; \: s """, Z5 W% n2 g- P% n$ K
pass- u' W+ X9 v. e# a
! D6 ?+ ]# B* L' Y5 d6 V
def rpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown8 x/ v7 K( K6 O5 s3 n
""" & f; y3 ^ j; K |! Q6 r7 t Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. c0 R$ A- G8 K, R( J
0 m& Q g$ ^. C/ ]. s9 v This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If 8 d- l4 Q& m( [ the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the 5 p( Y% f' Y' G6 B4 ^) ~ separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. $ p4 c, l$ p2 n1 @/ P 0 i6 G5 Y# [7 x9 X If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings . W# [& W) r1 M and the original string. 4 h* Q, |9 M! _ """ ( R# n' F) s n2 [ pass ; q O- |/ m5 T4 f2 I9 N2 E) Q8 k# h. ^# b( ^- k
def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 8 ]( W f" C6 d' G* B# y% P """ 8 w6 |$ ~6 U, ?8 g$ T+ T) U Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. 6 m& X7 ^/ H& [: E+ g1 \ % E* \. ^6 U0 V6 I' b* C- |3 J sep 5 M6 [. p$ q% y1 N. D The delimiter according which to split the string. 1 R" s' @9 s9 l/ O" C3 L4 h6 X2 { None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace,: R6 w. H6 ?8 h0 I: m8 Q9 P l
and discard empty strings from the result. . J/ Y+ Q5 t* t) h% \7 a M3 F" G maxsplit9 Y, q' t/ X5 K7 U
Maximum number of splits to do. % q i `0 |- ^9 T. Y5 ? -1 (the default value) means no limit.2 F \$ f/ K7 q4 j$ u
$ ~1 r1 a- d8 Y7 N8 ?& j- r Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.) z, e# p) m7 R/ T) }
& @8 D! x, x/ [" o 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。 " \4 z; V8 v; c: {& b# t- c sep T. _9 F, Q0 E. h3 j' d' o' r) i7 o9 |
用来分割字符串的分隔符。8 r1 E2 y$ P( I0 s6 u( d
None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。1 r6 N/ g$ V: n& G) g8 q4 B2 u, E& M: v
) T2 Z, b' I/ ^; l4 a
maxsplit D: _) G8 q- |. ?( W8 d, h- `9 I
最大分割次数。 0 P6 l: P, N' N+ b- L) ?7 m( U -1(默认值)表示无限制。4 X, n A# O! S: e: s- A! X
2 U' y4 y6 \! X1 t* X4 `' o
劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。 0 m8 a& a, e3 S, r$ h f """ 9 P- ^$ b! Z5 s U* Q8 A% g pass * m8 J& f. Z* k% ]- a' Y w" a# I5 c% |" H8 Z9 G1 m6 ~% r
def rstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ Z7 ~7 J1 C0 T" i """! R1 d6 W: ?0 Q& g
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed. * m; ?- S' ?1 C- N ; f. w; Z7 H$ g( h If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. . @4 y( a3 Z/ I. _ , l; Z! {! o: m6 P1 M 返回字符串的副本,删除尾随空格。: ]: T' l2 s9 W- w% O% @
# n" H- F6 U8 K m I. b 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。2 A: r" @0 l. M% c1 m
"""! M# R d4 I' [, I. i- ~, x
pass& l) D; x) B5 t5 L- d) K9 h7 s
- h. a% V8 G4 C0 i6 @+ e6 S
def split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown% b/ n1 a; L- y" y9 X" x
"""# U0 @! t, r1 c; b5 t! u
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string./ U$ o: N9 @" N# ]" q2 F ?4 k
- M. N* H: t& H) P sep ; f% L4 e$ x, c: s The delimiter according which to split the string. 8 \8 V& K s+ r+ D( U: b A None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, * l- z- @( Q- f( [ and discard empty strings from the result. ' }6 x1 j6 E% I" `+ g7 T maxsplit# N+ h2 K: {$ y( e! J
Maximum number of splits to do.1 i) ^, I" q5 @; r( B
-1 (the default value) means no limit.% K9 b* o v9 X1 O' P
""" * Z/ ~/ l1 p) h7 x0 H& c pass, j3 F) L( B1 z8 S9 u
# r6 M* @9 @8 `3 @! o: ]0 L
def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 {" J+ b! ~: F/ u- p7 ] """" k5 E) ]4 g t
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.% G* j2 c; o& U4 n/ S
2 v0 z& C, f1 s7 N# b+ R3 C I
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and 8 b' `( G6 m& ?$ |! B true.2 u$ e' a8 { C+ I5 m
""". \& Y* @8 m9 k. |( |
pass; |: ^, s' F2 _9 r! ~
3 a" N- F6 Y8 ?( e/ Y( X4 u; u
def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ ) ]# {/ s: Y, \ """ 6 u. d# j3 c( F K9 ]( z S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool; n/ ~; ~ |) ^1 Q* ^- @) O5 x
9 \5 R# l% H, b0 s. o Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. ; ^5 o- U( f/ _, v With optional start, test S beginning at that position.6 R6 }, y4 W0 ^/ e' A K9 L8 @
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.: v( k3 a- K) N. b q6 X2 V. D
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.' S* E' s, J" g- y3 h
""" G3 {$ M: P* ?9 V9 b, n$ K p! _
return False 4 z" \6 b8 i+ K / f' V$ ~1 U4 Y9 y& q def strip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown2 b9 E4 B9 h5 {4 U& m6 T p& ~
""" ' S1 |# J2 |! L% ]7 ~! b$ ]# V Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed. - q1 C; m5 [5 d8 O2 J( G 9 J0 ^" J0 H3 i0 b, \% O If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.. w9 n9 z8 w$ W0 q; S6 j3 O
9 _3 m- t: P' B6 `7 ?+ H
返回删除前导和尾随空格的字符串副本。0 E9 [# r1 X2 w" V0 m
# f/ `2 n! j1 _ 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。) B D1 e7 I7 A) s& ]' M3 C4 m& X ?3 H
"""% [1 t+ l' O3 `; S
pass q7 B, ^" p9 ?5 v! X% G- C! l + w P: O2 s0 }. o def swapcase(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 b9 {# n8 ^0 ~1 Q """ Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase. """ ; }1 e {3 R8 k+ v8 `4 c pass; ^0 X) V/ a! ^, R3 ^
. J5 S5 Q4 L! x( h. q9 P0 h- j def title(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown m. N, }" g& I; R. \1 W2 f
"""& _1 k6 \9 f5 ^! g
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased. - r% D) c# d: z: W+ x) M- L7 N3 h3 ^) M* R T+ W) v9 I$ @
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining! X# v4 t$ q; |& I0 _
cased characters have lower case.2 t' `2 r& X/ `$ X# w4 B
"""4 n( L8 A1 k* U0 [0 p1 B
pass ' @. ] u4 k f6 S ` A0 ?2 @, ?" q# k- ]( J8 j7 O! m- v' x
def translate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( \1 Z' E$ [5 q- d """' J* _1 m. ]3 T$ g2 |$ \" v! F
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.5 m& `7 c( {5 h" _ D" s) i
' [+ H0 ^; Z; ^+ N2 p- V g table 2 A7 _/ m* C5 I8 I Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to ) ]8 F& {7 d3 d3 d+ G Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.& i. _% F9 G5 G+ k/ y# Q# P
. C4 [) ]+ Q) F `% o( o1 U
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a # A# e o- X' h6 O( g8 H& \ dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is ) b3 c4 n% u; g left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.$ I8 k; J9 }' i' D6 v: h6 z
""" 1 I* T. M% ]3 y; d: i pass 1 s" Y* J' w) t: Y7 D6 _) h% Z9 m# K- p' T3 u: L
def upper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % D+ P/ R4 f/ X( B) s0 j4 E """ Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase. """+ z. `+ ~/ X& Y2 m" @
pass $ I9 k% z' a+ y5 a. C1 b $ Q9 C6 A- v( e5 X" [/ b$ T" ]5 J def zfill(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 a. B* q @. X. Z4 b8 } """3 _8 S9 d) [2 z
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. 4 @- _' |0 T/ m: _7 C1 t; r, o+ ~8 x& J/ [6 R( X2 f
The string is never truncated. 5 X( b3 X' L* N |( i """ , V" s- K0 y& F1 d$ ^3 R pass : B. ^( M& Q! ^4 v! E" r / H$ Z \5 {- J0 w6 s/ v$ ]$ L- o def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' r3 |& |( S& B) l! U2 _ """ Return self+value. """- q9 y" \- S4 q {7 D0 E' R
pass 0 u4 d# u. M, l9 ~' u# ^- a- a) x |& l" w
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 X) B* C2 i# g4 h% k """ Return key in self. """ . L! c( U2 i3 Y' [7 l6 G* } pass- u, f% \2 Y9 T$ |% c" T
" p- M" m/ `3 i) Y! G
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 B9 M) e7 n! P5 }. T; k4 X
""" Return self==value. """ 5 o3 Z$ N; o% [" q& j, @+ J* C pass . J2 i2 J; z* c4 ]% @5 Y- a; F% w& v! n9 Q! W3 t7 ^
def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 F, ^$ t( z8 @: B& g3 _
""" Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec. """ ) |/ Z4 M; p, S b/ A7 l2 j9 o pass - U# I3 B3 a5 K" i: L5 h% @: x* q# h* U ]3 U
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( u4 y1 R. Q, j4 G) v: T G0 j """ Return getattr(self, name). """, \# N8 t) q* z3 u
pass 2 ~# i$ M& [, L! w. X; _ f: [7 M5 ]$ H/ N0 |3 a
def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown2 Z, K, b' N: ~* F2 y
""" Return self[key]. """& l5 h: g# Y/ D+ i' k$ o
pass# {7 k0 p. r Q) c
9 v! W% q0 [ l2 M
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, l8 c7 v$ g" F$ g
pass " M) O; W, G0 K' A( L, k" w 4 z/ w9 N% f; Z def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ]% Z! G( d0 p8 `- j
""" Return self>=value. """ 7 s' y& T1 q2 u9 F pass) j8 ?/ d: A' f. _$ l# n
7 }4 W" V/ Z1 [) j( V) X def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 |) C3 S# p3 ~0 r, `" N6 R
""" Return self>value. """( ]7 `+ R) E* i0 @4 C$ {( E
pass 0 U v3 D# X- `, a" g* M+ B5 {- H e& T( ~7 _$ h
def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown% k) e4 P% r! w. N
""" Return hash(self). """2 e! k+ n0 z8 [$ T- e( W7 V
pass , A1 L9 Y2 P; P5 o& C* ]: F) v* A6 y8 R @" R1 V+ C9 _
def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__ 3 K; n8 y- @0 E4 Z """5 q) `$ t5 |1 S+ G) m
str(object='') -> str , O5 Z3 V3 x( Q# w$ t1 Z6 a9 Z str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str2 B9 w U0 n- R5 r( O
8 P7 R T' x* n9 G; J% {! j# t
Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or 1 [" {+ `& d2 |7 F: X: f errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer! T4 @7 ~7 z @+ a8 l
that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.4 K. g/ A' l C6 @* J% Z4 Q- N0 ^
Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) ! H( ] f& N3 |" v+ k or repr(object).( E. u/ t+ e, l! B U7 @3 i0 K
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). ( @% a C( x. A1 n' y- z errors defaults to 'strict'.4 w. l7 T: V- a
# (copied from class doc)! q- k) r1 [1 ^( q5 j
""" . L, q8 f, i, D K+ m pass ( v2 {$ A9 \/ }: v/ _ 0 Y! u; R. Y* ~9 `7 ` def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; F5 K& X( h. o1 N
""" Implement iter(self). """ V$ |; A5 N, a( m2 u
pass5 F- M$ S, V# o9 V9 n# i7 q; b
3 w6 h) z: s& ~9 q9 i/ _1 X8 ? C def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown- a$ F. v, H9 j* c9 u
""" Return len(self). """ 3 k; D, H/ S9 ]" M: P& z6 p; H pass * U1 L8 }4 Q6 v* J9 o4 M . Y+ I4 C% n+ D9 [6 ?, k5 @ def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown: [# i6 V7 f3 M2 n
""" Return self<=value. """' I- E( c- U8 |/ J8 S) s% L
pass5 e! X2 A" C+ L% o! q
: Y* [% x5 F" j
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * L9 {; o, \% e0 \( M """ Return self<value. """$ @# \4 i7 s) ^6 t' {5 F6 D2 x
pass * `4 z/ i. b# q; Z) f - x+ {1 M1 W0 r% V3 Z8 @8 `7 S! ^ def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown3 M6 t; b) D1 U4 i# E
""" Return self%value. """ 9 V5 P4 f& r" V9 t) Z W$ V9 k pass& r) I& Y) v* _7 {! G- J4 A" x5 }
( X! t; |( b2 H) Q' l
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" Z6 ?9 d: R2 w' b# `
""" Return self*value. """ # e3 ?; T! R/ s G$ k0 A+ u pass - r. i3 R* k/ U( o# t " V& M8 B) g/ y& u% D2 s& v' c @staticmethod # known case of __new__ ) B# ?0 o0 Y* b6 m/ b1 f/ } def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown! T- _( e, R0 i3 g. ?
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """! |% s' c- A4 |6 ^1 Q& [
pass & y0 W5 i% [# q1 \1 \( d2 k @! H& L) F% @1 F$ v- w2 X; J. ]
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 H! O3 o$ U0 N
""" Return self!=value. """ & v; E% X5 M. a) P: O pass; I7 ~0 Y& J. K/ l* z8 F) l0 }
4 L: D1 J; Z7 l) |) u* I def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown+ U/ x. h1 b0 [9 y8 B
""" Return repr(self). """/ o" G {& c- s8 L6 `# w% a/ U
pass 7 T o/ U3 d" Z$ V8 v9 @1 m& F3 L% p, r4 Z% |3 O% J9 I8 P9 c" T
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 M2 W9 c; y* w" K9 E% Y, a8 R" q
""" Return value%self. """) V: h8 A, P7 o: e
pass1 Q; _8 h6 M% A; z+ p9 _
/ Y& {: |; b2 _2 V
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % V: H: n! | I+ \ ~ """ Return value*self. """8 F# _6 W. g" {
pass& i7 w, N! D0 _: H. z
1 \8 A. U9 \4 U( j def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 e3 {0 R5 X" c" G# z @. }3 m% W """ Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes. """* A3 m/ R: G* q2 c: s4 R; ~0 y% F k* i
pass" e- y" q! a# n: y/ h! h! n- T
/ o$ o/ M; g9 L
def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown' `' s3 n0 k( D/ n2 L
""" Return str(self). """1 a8 S* j# k) L! H& a2 V
pass + [8 }; s; i2 R8 o: U , a2 ?; p2 M' d( O1 ; r0 s$ J) L# G2 ! ?' H$ T' C! J* O( E- e7 w3 7 ~, E, t0 Y6 A" ~3 k6 u& s43 z# @: J) W; s1 v' Q2 d
5 ) H. a4 w2 C2 C6 ' L. l& x8 Z, T t+ x( Y7 ' H/ x* ]1 |2 G0 ~$ e" H" \& E8+ z$ i, m9 @( |" w1 K, E
9 2 Z+ F# w: D7 T( S105 e$ s8 R# @ |+ I- a4 a
111 {4 E9 f( |1 v2 S0 P& @2 S; }
12 F* U; O9 x) @4 K# ?6 H
13& ~, f' h3 }: o& y1 F: ^
14 : q6 e( v- O2 V( Z6 i% Y154 ?! F- B4 K5 f7 o4 H* C3 j
16. c) Q& l' D) n8 K2 k' C& K8 C
17 5 g4 C) X0 u& `9 F# t5 M. [: J186 ]: T) u9 N C& f; D m
191 z H. H+ B6 I0 X* s+ g
205 \" T6 z/ y1 D0 f" o( o+ [
218 L: D: d4 n, O
22 ( x1 s: }: \; D$ I$ t y234 q* y# I8 s- C( d& @
24 V6 I9 ?7 q' l) q6 }
25" G) T8 j, i+ v4 o: |
26+ O4 z; h. r8 }5 }
27! v9 Y, R! k! i; `& U
28 1 w, x: a0 _( V E' o A29, K$ |* L/ W+ H2 _* m& C% Q2 K
300 u- u d3 X) l$ N2 n
31, E3 K- T2 o4 p9 C
32 " v- F: z: b/ J" J335 v' p) _- _- [, ~9 e+ K+ j( {1 s
34 , X( O" w1 x7 x( ]5 c/ M: ~35 * e0 [: V) J. A. |1 \/ r4 J# ]36 . T- Q/ ~4 ]5 ~6 t/ z+ v375 ~& a$ U2 r' h: d. |
38 ( Y5 i* L8 C8 b3 I( L39 9 ?4 \. t7 m6 O40& ^: @5 Y3 f) }) G8 h
41 3 T+ H: o7 S3 w. h4 ~+ L42 1 n5 u# }" s$ l# m43 8 K- @8 e6 _8 b44% I+ u& w: z; ]3 B8 Y% j
45 ; t; l& D8 u6 T: @46 ( l s' o, W+ B4 F' N8 ~& p/ B* i47 t$ l5 @3 t2 F. x) O48 3 ~7 W8 f- M! U* B8 F" t+ Z" ]49 ) B; C6 J$ S+ }( J9 Q2 b50/ k! D+ M; Y" \/ D7 Z6 ?
51 ; P- f8 `9 y+ ]& W+ M6 a52 5 p$ f3 O# D1 G4 `( A- z( T8 y) e53 ! i( j. C! K* e3 o5 n! D/ v! H547 |3 Q( `0 i# h% c
55 " ~1 r( A) Y& @- }) t56 ?; V3 r6 u; S. {
57 - S v O# v) ~* S6 e* H58 " Y2 t# X- G3 `595 g5 ]4 L/ G) R9 B. d" {7 M2 a
60 # c* J: q2 V5 z6 j/ n614 Z9 v5 F- j0 L
621 j, F; X( }9 O5 Z5 d( Y# e0 i9 |
63 3 ?6 x8 l) f+ I& K0 D64: [1 Q, g0 l" x& s7 j: l; [. S
65 ; A- t3 q/ M( B7 Y3 T3 v66 2 e- ]' J' ?! g* T( k67/ w. O% D- F. N. s
68 i: t, b& r* z
69 5 e) F8 Y% }6 }( j1 ]9 h" p70. }8 U* n4 }4 O/ ~6 L
71 R" E( M. y- s- K( N
725 X9 c# }# |2 E1 k J* z3 v5 I
73 ( r a2 |+ @; n6 k74) i; B0 ?" K$ l$ o
75 7 P) m& z/ M5 l" N& A76) F9 _9 p2 a4 B
77 " F5 O* v0 C* w0 v- o78 ( {+ s( H5 t' R \79$ A! M& o1 M8 r7 Z' f& d( G
80( T) N. r! n# ~$ g
81 ; X' |4 F l$ `82% e# Q( v E' w" J' j% d
837 y4 G, J9 e6 g& k
84 7 c8 u6 [$ X/ U" U# G85/ e0 _. x; Q1 N$ U
860 K8 l. H* \' x$ q% G( q7 P) ~
87 0 l" _: W. v9 z" |! u" e* o88& l1 i" K" { Z+ ?9 `
89 3 k7 B! F9 Z8 L8 G4 ~6 x" k/ E90( ?4 o- T- K6 N7 z7 G" m
91 - B f5 A) ]) L: w- p+ m92 4 i( N( I' [' \2 k" A93 + r1 P \4 k1 c% i. J% Z94 $ r9 { l# k3 K7 c0 V$ F( J95' A/ z3 m6 S. `2 Y' h* D) _. Y
96 : l$ l* g1 X4 `* W. C& d97 4 o3 M Q% s2 h+ q98 2 u, [6 N" H L- N8 M99 # ^3 j& T) }8 ~ q3 j100% A0 ^8 H% A9 h( C# V8 N
101' X- U' Q1 Q! m
102 * T) w; g* z' J$ m1030 a7 _" d0 k1 `5 V& C& k
104' \7 Q8 r7 e, R# F9 Q
105! H7 B3 |8 U0 I, [4 f+ R/ Y$ A) e
106" s3 O% U" `3 _3 D
107) v7 G% L. U) D/ W3 g F
1081 e7 \- s3 o6 K
109 9 Y+ C8 w1 V, Y& r0 h1 `110, g3 p' b3 c( A8 H
111+ q1 e( T* d& C
112 2 ^% H( m( M1 n113 0 f- L& c4 X2 z* n8 s, }3 I1 E9 t! A1141 O8 Z: N& o8 b( ?" e0 v
115 9 [/ W5 D3 c1 u7 @ ?# w2 k% b+ E1163 B1 G) W2 V* m7 u5 q
117: ?9 b1 H/ Y# F* w' {
1189 `3 W" B/ s6 k8 \
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120 / K% G% s7 K- W1218 r6 |" j- `% q6 V6 M/ ]
122! M( C- J6 B' n: Z
123 ) i# g$ C; R8 t124 + O% M, d- o/ x8 p; s125. ~% n) I; |3 ]* ]. f# ^. q
126 O0 A8 b6 y6 Q& q8 n& C; G127/ B! p7 o2 I7 Q! ^9 P+ N7 g
128% G- ^; a+ m, v* x4 D3 w
129% ]: B9 t8 D6 F
130 # r; c1 T9 D C0 V4 h# e- J131+ w! E6 L! q, U! S n. ]
132 # M2 H' y( M5 L# E& ^; p# D4 d7 ^133% ]# ]) N0 v9 T1 _/ n: L
134 2 N3 x( c6 z1 u( x2 Q135 0 g; J% p: Q# C. Y! d# R' _4 f136 % }4 l5 r0 M9 D1 p9 M8 C) s" r137 ' v( S) N O+ ?. e+ j* r2 E138( D" v' ^9 _! A" A$ |
139 7 k; {, }4 u$ U4 b- W1402 R7 Z- P- M) | ?2 \ K
141 , `- O: }/ v+ i# y- @ g9 y: ]1423 _* e3 t) {3 e/ C0 n# w
143 2 c2 Z5 g% \3 }5 H9 W144 ' V! u7 c8 S: T8 a$ d5 H/ C" z# l145 * G8 {5 T* J; a- A( Q5 U146 0 `5 _$ H3 T% U Q/ W3 R147 _1 D: W* Y- ^9 d; ?
148# j) R/ s" h8 d. I2 q( |6 A( W
149 0 V4 \) E$ K# M1509 ]9 d b6 s( C+ F/ D! Q
151! o6 j1 I+ h" C; p9 V. V- |
152 ) @/ s/ T; v/ u9 N& X2 i" P; ?7 i0 I153 % t' \8 a$ o V# o, i154: J/ h; f1 {$ t) V3 B
155 1 u2 T4 K2 I; |2 E" \3 f! J156 ^ X( J0 ]. ~. d. G5 B
157- k! _) {! i" j. t
158# S( W! V, S8 m- w) H; u5 l$ G
1598 A& j8 F& l& c8 D: K" S, R
160 1 }+ I" ^& f o! Y4 i( y! A161+ ?# ~ G% \: X: h+ b
162 / b! Q7 r5 Y& Q9 d( s4 B; Y, e( T163 & v5 g; U2 T+ ^- x- A+ `! M6 r' w164 " x! P Y' h4 E7 D0 f8 w165 3 i5 R3 D1 P. T& ~" ?166 9 X% k2 d$ H; u* V, ]167/ i; `3 l7 @3 p2 r
1689 e" c# G# G5 Y0 K) n3 X
169 / s* o9 [# h9 f! H/ ]170 . v" y7 \+ h! z% t171 ( g1 a/ Z* V7 q* v* N. [3 a1726 _$ R) B" [& [7 k
173 / ^' o" U5 G7 }- a& p174 - z4 \3 ]2 T& ~5 f K" u/ C175- x8 e; }9 B _& z2 q9 F& ^
176" f' r& U$ x; l, H% @
177 + v+ ~' r2 k T& O6 r6 j0 g178. q' a8 E$ b+ ~$ t6 U' e% z+ F
179 B: L2 Y% _) V4 y180 / b% _& ]$ B S3 v7 E5 R, U181 ' d, T6 [8 H& S6 ^182$ I% t; i! \% @6 r, A8 l
1836 z; `5 x" H6 G
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185 6 I. z1 E* b7 ~/ x; k186 9 E b) b5 E& N& K1878 e4 b3 J. f) m3 g# o8 Y7 W
188/ c2 Y0 _, |+ B* n: k7 F6 U
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190 ! w) C+ J9 A( I8 O5 g* r7 e! D191 # x: t$ T# l7 j$ X( b3 j3 u192; W1 i$ s/ q' k: B i
193) H) \' y' k- O9 J
1945 g* G v, x9 D$ R/ Q! \9 D
195 2 C) c0 Z- n( o% E) f: O196: N2 f0 ^1 |5 T8 B \
197( Y& W; t+ B' v/ M: c0 |+ e
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1990 F. s. z/ d$ W, f( `+ [
200 C, G6 p- n/ ]" A/ w/ J* v; y201; K8 r! m9 ?4 p6 s& W
202 3 \( U+ l1 L9 E- }, [! ~, D2 ^203 , x4 W$ S7 a; b- a7 f/ E204 # L& C/ N* j+ Q, ?, x3 R, R; n2051 T a- A; z* l. }
206 % b! l$ ~: ^) Y* C207 8 D8 D1 J* c" [7 e* K208: n8 [/ \- |! Q r6 w, {1 z
209: k2 l) {! R- ~; q5 {8 b7 `; d
210 ! L% r) f" O5 r* k8 Y6 S& `211 # _+ {! ^( v( V212( L5 q- N- g9 T' U l2 R& b
2137 `- }, @, k* ]6 i0 C
214 ; I! v% P8 P6 x+ s0 f3 o215! k* l8 T0 D) x5 z/ L9 B8 H
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217 0 X5 g7 s# Q% z# u6 v218 ( ?- M( K. G- e) K5 h }2192 f$ u1 D7 v4 p% i
220 7 I D9 V( F/ v- w221 ) k. l2 r" d4 x* F; u9 X222' j0 u3 I' k3 Q4 J+ J
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1.字符串操作符 9 `$ L, s: P: W% Z( H# v* I操作符 描述 % V L' D9 p* u4 F% P% V7 G `+ x+y,连接两个字符串x和y ( V: N& ]) X! Y+ G4 {* x*n或n*x,复制n次字符串x ; n+ G J3 B/ v ~in x in s,如果x是s的字串,返回True,否则返回False % \" \" Y2 j! \2.字符串处理函数 & V0 t/ S$ i) o+ O函数 描述 , C6 ?) @ a% n; Tlen(x) 返回字符串x的长度,也可返回其它组合数据类型元素的个数) J p) U. i, J) d& P6 ]: U, P
str(x) 返回任意类型x所对应的字符串形式+ z' {1 N9 \5 x- {
char(x) 返回Unicode编码x对应的单字符6 ^+ l! n8 O# O" }
ord(x) 返回x表示的Unicode编码 # Q6 e: P; f8 v( u8 ~6 \- Ehex(x) 返回整数x对应十六进制的小写形式字符串# h9 Z" C! v9 t1 j/ [8 t
oct(x) 返回整数x对应八进制的小写形式字符串 9 `& k% O! q8 |8 t3.字符串处理方法: ]1 i6 }0 H# s
方法 描述* v& H; l* h" L6 O8 P
s.lower() 字符串s全部转为小写 , h! E! u2 e2 l2 q2 ps.upper() 字符串s全部转为大写 + \* s/ b S" ns.split(sep=None) 返回一个列表,由s根据sep被分割的部分构成,省略sep默认以空格分割 $ m. @* `$ u9 E' u: d% ^s.count(sub) 返回字串sub出现的次数4 t& K+ D. }7 ~& J2 c/ ^
s.replace(old, new) 返回字符串s的副本,所有old字串被替换为new ! X% A/ |7 G7 ?0 X3 Ts.center(width, fillchar) 字符串居中函数,fillchar参数可选! ]) w& k# x% J$ P$ q* E
s.strip(chars) 从字符串s中去掉咋其左侧和右侧chars中出现的字符3 m `- C1 ?2 k# x# Z
s.join(iter) 将iter变量的每一个元素增加一个s字符串 # Q' s% l V0 Z6 S* ?4.字符串的查询操作 ) ]% F# k& B% N7 w# r, ^方法名称 作用 5 v# h" t1 H, _& n; e% T1 aindex() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常- Z! @# G4 K! e* V" [ i: f
rindex() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 9 e1 P' G& v, b# ]# B0 [find() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1: e, I4 V. W0 }- N" Q/ P; R
rfind() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1 0 z* V) A# d7 R& z9 l1 o'''' M# p7 f! @, R$ O5 M
index()查找第一次出现的位置 抛异常. N* E: H8 t- I/ O( A5 S
rindex()查找最后一次次出现的位置 抛异常4 ~) V _0 l8 H
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find()查找第一次出现的位置 不抛异常,返回值为-1* N8 k& O4 K0 W( \
rfind()查找最后一次出现的位置 抛异常 - z$ w' d- D1 V: A: J' {, n$ I''' * u6 o$ z! S. Y& R" f/ B2 Hs = 'hello,hello' 6 X5 z% R5 _- f6 b* K: W) Z5 Gprint(s.index('o'))' l# J: q7 H! @
print(s.rindex('o')) 0 [" U0 z4 Z+ yprint(s.find('lo'))# Z1 {3 [. ]( {+ t* C- P. v2 I
print(s.find('ui')) # -1) M. Q' X1 \! R, g. j. O
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" M: |+ _5 {6 N- P7 nt = ('hello', 'java', 'python') . d; O5 w; i) Aprint(''.join(t)) 3 a2 }) @ t6 x1 P! A! ]* ~0 S16 Z n8 y& D/ Z5 w
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6 _) w5 l d" m6 i `0 M1 Q/ b( e* a# U10.字符串的比较运算 . k5 s, y1 e' {7 ?1 I' X两个字符串进行比较时,比较的是ordinal value (原始值) ,如果相等则继续比较下一个字符,知道两个字符串不相等 % V) e: c! Z3 @2 A* Q. W! Y$ y! R
运算符 含义 $ y, H8 V4 r3 q; V. J2 d> 大于 0 J" I. v8 j- {2 u< 小于 1 f% d5 d7 @# h== 等于& A8 h% ^ t) @# v" B
>= 大于等于 g5 y: y S" z" I* k! q- v2 [
<= 小于等于. c' q# R6 Z% ?" t
!= 不等于 ) ]! p4 G- Y; n( t0 k: J# 字符窜的比较5 C: M9 q+ c5 d" m1 s- U
# 运算符 > < == <= >= !=7 z" P% F @# \# q o3 D$ x# S3 r4 Y
print('apple' > 'app') # True& `/ \: j, u, h* p9 P4 \' y
print('apple' > 'banana')! G" e9 C' @. C2 P. }- a; S" t, ~
: D9 w9 ~. v% A5 l9 g'''调用内置函数ord可以得到指定字符的ordinal value '''& a, _( A k5 l- n' |
print(ord('a'), ord('b')): c, L% T8 x, P/ Z4 Z) R& s
print(ord('刘'), ord('张'))/ k0 f2 J; t: f- I2 U7 M) d4 a
5 m& m1 [1 \# y: U'''== 与 is 的区别'''* G- h8 R k4 P! u4 }
# == 比较的是 value: O% [! o! r$ T: A7 g) O8 y) r
# is 比较的是 id0 U- O. i! u, ~3 f, l
a = b = 'pthon'3 Q; j! M/ k; F' E
print(a is b) , \/ y$ m6 `3 M- v5 yprint(a == b)4 y* K4 J1 D6 Z% j1 a' B
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16 & P x) U0 R" p. L0 t5 i ! r6 V% E. G" X7 }4 { R3 e8 B! { c/ K11.字符串的切片操作% U4 O( V4 q- e! A5 b" _
对字符串中某个子串或区间的检索称为切片。& r$ q* \+ W" _8 `7 B2 J6 |
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语法如下:! @+ r) h @7 A {
; M& O* W7 R" k# t& k字符串或字符串变量[N:M]) i1 T) k. G- T" A3 w* J
切片获取字符串N到M(不包含M)的子字符串,其中,N和M为字符串的索引序号,可以混合使用正向递增序号和反向递减序号。切片要求N和M 都在字符串的索引区间,如果N大于M,则返回空字符串。如果N缺失,则默认将N设为0;如果M缺失,则默认表示到字符串结尾。 1 o2 S, Q& [% G, H3 A$ f0 m 7 w9 M4 B% M& o' J; g) B# 字符串的切片操作# }2 f {5 H$ i7 W1 {- `
# 字符串是不可变类型 不能进行 增 删 改 操作 # b( g+ h u3 n4 l, m# 切片将产生新的对象/ V' S' N; ~% ?0 x
s = 'hello,python'; z& F/ v) P* t8 G7 P
# print(s[start : end : step])) J# A: {& M# L, y
print(s[3])% h- i! Q1 B2 d' d. [2 @! e
print(s[:3]) % F- z5 n& _' H8 d1 aprint(s[:3:2]) 0 e& \6 R: f% R , t2 p A; c8 K6 ]" u! Oprint(s[::-1]) # 默认从字符串最后一个语速开始切,到字符串第一个元素结束 7 i1 y$ Z+ J9 \- b8 A8 ]1 ~4 @" G3 N& n7 {6 n0 i/ r) `
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2 C. ^+ ]) d- a- c% X/ b* _ : Q8 w' I! d( U" s12.格式化字符串 ' `4 l g( s. v; D: l C* q1 ?' }12.1为什么要格式化字符串 ' P) `( g) o! c0 z$ W. T在字符串中整合变量是需要使用字符串的格式化方法。 6 ^9 D- A2 Y- G, Z字符串格式化用于解决字符串和变量同时输出的格式安排问题。) O+ n0 g8 ]4 H! [8 T
8 V: g7 o9 ]8 r `. g12.2格式化字符串的三种方式 : q2 B) i0 c; L8 o! C9 h- p3 X%作为占位符 1 W& V- H6 |3 w, [4 R{}作为占位符’'.format(), G' a' q! Q( s8 T
f ‘我叫%s,今年%d岁了’ %s 占了一个字符串 %d 占了一个整数9 ]! V& D! P( g) ]4 x% I# b: ^0 r! b