* y& a. \9 h* R' N- Qa = 'python' 9 v: V7 p& P8 W+ G3 I8 |b = "python" / H8 K$ J3 K) m0 d% @+ H& |+ s d+ vc = '''python'''6 j8 l/ Q+ I) g& f
print(a, id(a)), n( K3 j+ ]1 g; q) x* B# h8 \
print(b, id(b)) # s& L3 m' V9 S$ R9 Z" n- Iprint(c, id(c)) 4 Q1 } j( a( m1 : g( ]: j# ^8 B: X- \2 7 ~& A( u) ~; K4 }" }39 C9 V6 J9 V- f
4 0 x" ^9 d. e6 W2 u5 # J( m& g& Z* O6- V' O7 j n. M* U4 }6 @+ B) {
77 z4 a6 @" R7 T
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" c% y: D6 ?% ]! k* M; p+ ~1 Z' o% F( ], S4 _3 |- g2 s
3.字符串驻留机制的几种情况(交互式)6 u" J: K+ g" m
字符串的长度为12 g' I) s8 O3 x0 N
符合标识符的字符串(只包含字母,数字,下划线)1 C. Y8 I& t0 h" {/ K3 H6 \
字符串只在编译是进行驻留,而非运行时- d; |' J# I2 V {% U8 ^5 w& t
[-5,256]之间的整数数字! x Z& l$ O2 B2 c+ U
>>> s1 = ''' z( `& H* k y, u U$ C
>>> s2 = '' ; D, }- W1 H* M>>> s1 is s2# T, F4 g2 B1 h- `
True" v, [3 c1 y5 g3 l3 W3 b, r
>>> ; h3 T7 m- @0 S0 y/ Q. W* A>>> s1 = 'a'0 `: \# X; T: u& y7 z
>>> s2 = 'a' R) o7 C8 D8 H$ q8 S
>>> s1 is s25 h: q! h% a% V8 U
True2 T. U# g% G, U4 {
>>>7 t5 G2 S" B5 ^; f( {) g
>>> s1 = 'abc_def'; Q2 Z1 k- J* F) G# U( {! d
>>> s2 = 'abc_def'. F+ j# \. {! i4 G$ j
>>> s1 is s2 1 Z7 s" K$ E( @+ i: L) @6 I o9 W7 sTrue2 L/ d7 `" l. }1 ?
>>> s1 = 'abc%def' $ f" O% _9 U! c, Y' j/ l. ~) V: y>>> s2 = 'abc%def' ) k1 f" q4 U# ?# g9 `% w9 m>>> s1 == s2) n5 j3 ~* D% v" S# m
True ' U) P5 C# H9 ~: k7 O2 A u7 t>>> s1 is s2& d* l" q2 n, P* F& S7 e
False . L( x8 H& {' u& k>>> 2 C* i0 d# z) `7 e6 E, P# ?>>> a = 256+ M( [3 y- E( L9 O2 z: v
>>> b = 256! C( J& z5 g- k7 l- N
>>> a is b& C$ t' W7 B( m! {
True % U; H6 A9 X0 `8 w- A4 i% q5 X1 K4 k>>> a = 257+ F' M2 l7 x; e% ^/ q# ] s/ r
>>> b = 2578 ]" M3 i# [+ |5 P0 Q% G8 c
>>> a is b ^+ A0 T0 P+ u, |: E" d" k* F
False 0 [0 }0 V' j" D' k) ]+ ~>>> a == b4 f" t. b3 T6 X8 |
True* c+ {6 k. F5 p# _* x3 r4 x b
>>> , t! g. ?8 K( G5 \) Q4 _( m# T3 v# s6 W# }* C" j
1! U- U R U0 p' m/ ^$ d
2! M+ V! I0 `* z4 z; t4 y, W9 C
31 E) Q% n2 h! e* n: D
4' }+ M* s1 p. q$ V3 I
5 - c" ~% {1 E+ q- v$ c$ C! B! \" C6 5 x% a0 ]& j; ^ U% _- u& M7+ ]& n/ k2 t) G' }+ I
80 ?1 q! x9 y# }! z$ L" G& K( W
9 " f, }4 A ~: R. Q2 }10 ' s1 ~$ O G4 I3 ?8 h11$ J7 e: \3 N$ S) s+ x
120 x) f" ~2 d* ~, F$ w+ }
137 D5 N2 g9 _- _) s- f
14 . e1 U' V6 M1 V15" a0 J6 w2 w( _$ c
16; u& | m! W: i0 t+ V
17 - A7 i. V! X5 u, F9 d18* Q' @" S& Q. y: t9 t+ A; E
194 p; K* T7 x6 V6 Y% k
208 k& P4 E: Q3 k6 _4 [: Z
21 ! S( e) r' t; o# s229 d& U7 P% ~, M8 I; {0 n
23 + }6 v1 T, Z; E, y }$ }! N246 k- g& \8 M3 f0 n1 z
25 : ~4 m% N& D' H) u- Z26 2 L. C/ ?0 F5 J5 w3 W27 8 e2 U7 e0 E6 v. E; V2 G5 W28 ) M6 e1 E% i3 g6 f29& ?% h+ r& Z W* A% p
30 - H7 V: P; ]7 F, d31! Z1 j8 N% Q& F |" J1 C
32% r/ L" v! D" Q
4.强制2个字符串指向同一个对象 ) E1 k( d* B! p5 [; r/ R" x# |sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象: v! l7 f4 L& i. b4 \" s1 U. r
6 J# _/ ?( y5 s; D1 P! }
'''sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象''' ; C9 d, `1 X7 F- Oimport sys( x5 T4 O+ s- B I5 v
a = 'abc%'( \' G! U+ b( l. I; U9 m0 z& f
b = 'abc%' 8 Y5 N& H7 r# {9 `# tprint(a is b) # True : ?' `0 ~! S3 Q- ta = sys.intern(b) 5 {6 f& M/ a2 A1 k4 c5 n5 Iprint(id(a), id(b)) # 2989905230512 2989905230512. R: Y6 X$ s/ Y3 o) v& c! ~
1 u3 o# T3 S: a
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4 # Z9 `) G( s# \! _ l+ l9 Q5 7 D5 ?6 M& u6 l* ]6 d8 y6 * K# Z8 n6 i! w! y9 u3 E7! d3 D2 j2 f) x* r+ b; [. Z
8* h( z+ E9 P8 b
5. PyCharm对字符串进行了优化处理 @% Q1 g" L9 }' p- d: P
6.字符串驻留机制的优缺点 . k/ e2 C1 K& f- c 当需要值相同的字符串时,可以直接从字符串池里拿来使用,避免频繁的创建和销毁,提升效率和节约内存,因此拼接字符串和修改字符串是会比较影响性能的。 0 B& ]4 Y+ m( ~5 }. k# m r& v6 J9 I1 R( C
在需要进行字符串拼接时建议使用 str类型的join方法,而非+ ,因为join()方法是先计算出所有字符中的长度,然后再拷贝,只new一次对象,效率要比"+"效率高 。 / V3 c! z- Z/ A& Z" ]) A: o 8 S- U1 q) ]3 {7 X1 l二、字符串类型的操作. K2 J5 Z, G. X* w5 S
Python类str内置源码:. j' V* b" \# n0 y& Q% H* P
; L( e& l- p$ j3 F: _8 q- h
class str(object):2 n0 O7 k' X- j
""" - A# z" q3 K! _2 ?5 v9 o str = "(对象)——> str & T2 v$ ~ h( H T1 M6 _3 {6 Q0 |% r4 R0 D1 ~
Str (bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> Str% J0 P Y4 |: I1 w
/ [6 {) i0 v$ l% I- a3 y
从给定的对象创建一个新的字符串对象。如果编码或,则对象必须公开数据缓冲区4 X; A! j- C: u: m2 w! J
将使用给定的编码和错误处理程序进行解码。 7 Q2 o W: N7 A/ y, N' L0 F3 i$ L 5 K; R" g* Y7 z; x4 z 否则,返回object.__str__()的结果(如果已定义)或repr(对象)。9 q- n# O. |8 w& s. M( Q3 h! b
9 y, N" x( y9 B: P: C6 w2 H0 _ 编码默认为sys.getdefaultencoding()。 & G, e/ |+ B1 y; u+ ]. a( ^ . O. k! v6 \% T) K3 b Errors默认为'strict'。 ) j4 y( m2 C+ j5 F2 P( w5 c6 } """! D( j& f4 n& z, I6 z
def capitalize(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 f# }; l4 \# ~, w* b. ]# [ """. d4 q( ?3 n! ?5 _' K
Return a capitalized version of the string. ) [% Z i# u! z& b& ?8 |" T" M* H $ T2 {8 R, ^5 H' O4 i/ P$ h+ A More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower ' s4 s+ `7 q, p5 {) I case.. m6 `: x" {3 }1 l* M
""" : C0 n% A7 z4 n; Y pass! r1 a' N% K& i' d1 B4 z/ m
+ n% `4 c9 e5 X def casefold(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : W. H" M3 T, B, x """ Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons. """ 3 s8 Q* P$ l7 |) l pass/ l% ~8 f/ G: U/ i1 x3 y& w# F
& I% C$ P5 Z) j' u: ~3 }3 B def center(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown# e% n& b4 r! t
"""! _( _$ Q5 z/ f m- S. n% n9 M
返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。3 z; w* Z( e/ F% b- J' n
2 m g: v- N8 D; N 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 3 U; z# W6 e* K* k- n- w """ 6 d5 ?) `5 U. R. A7 l6 {- o pass - N' [1 R e0 X; U/ s3 P3 L 5 S9 d# S- Q7 v. ^% Y def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ : g: o; H) f0 f) `, p """0 v1 \* w H5 k* o
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> 2 O' Q( R( L2 n3 P
8 }5 l! x9 `$ {5 _! }2 x/ \ int .count(sub[, start[, end]]返回子字符串sub in不重叠出现的次数; T/ Y/ x; d, y. l
+ U1 ^2 l% c O% o; z# Y' H
字符串(开始:结束)。可选参数start和end是用切片表示法解释。 w3 d1 K6 s7 }% [( Y4 B9 w& R& Z """3 m4 z4 f' w7 m+ d( C
return 0: e# |2 h; D6 h) m
5 `5 Y5 R8 S! |
def encode(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 2 X8 `7 B) S0 z* a5 Z6 F """ 5 B& z) N! U3 ]8 s Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding." m4 z# p9 A7 R! v7 n0 D4 N$ E* n
( Y6 i9 e9 V: Y4 i/ y8 ~
encoding 6 l8 n9 j; A" Y6 M! e+ D6 m3 x& M The encoding in which to encode the string. + l" r0 l9 L! q errors 5 I& j& A a* U& _6 ^ The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. . {! I! x& n. n- M3 \1 u The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a5 L x3 h2 Z! n, ]6 f+ z$ r% a8 x
UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and 5 S- P5 Z8 Y* H2 {% K. ]9 _ 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with7 l4 B, K% M* e$ f
codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. $ [6 _. B M5 i) S- o1 C$ C3 P 4 y1 u! Z7 z8 W- E5 O; R 使用注册用于编码的编解码器对字符串进行编码。 ) |% u: _6 ?7 \2 y: v" J Q- s8 z* h) {3 S
编码# r4 z+ [! t. H1 S3 @
用于编码字符串的编码方式。 7 X2 V: R! q; o. l' m& M2 e9 v 错误2 Y' `: g# }- Q' E- E
用于编码错误的错误处理方案。 - k) w6 n/ f+ v; E$ S/ G& f 默认值是'strict',意味着编码错误会引发UnicodeEncodeError。 2 ^( Z- A: t& v! m2 Q, i g/ n 其他可能的值有'ignore', 'replace'和'xmlcharrefreplace'以及注册的任何其他名称编解码器。 - I5 K' @. A$ y 可以处理UnicodeEncodeErrors的register_error。9 Q* q0 U9 d; l& E5 s* V
"""$ C0 [: p3 Y+ e" H3 }7 y0 T' v
pass , a6 i6 c2 Y% m1 \8 ]! v" ^) n- o
def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__! V& D3 l: K# \( m) {* N+ R
""" ( x. m* C2 O6 D) [, v S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool9 Z3 D+ b I- Y, U5 ?
: e# u0 }4 g& z5 _$ E; K Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.+ K5 ^" C6 P3 i" b- ]7 Y
With optional start, test S beginning at that position. , s: a* s, J" [7 t4 Q E& K With optional end, stop comparing S at that position." G$ G/ [1 M1 e% I9 Y
suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. " n5 K0 z' M" r, p1 V1 q """1 L2 H- y5 z5 F1 ^" t4 h
return False 6 ], \1 M4 h% B8 y4 ]1 N& z/ F+ H1 v) j- {# U
def expandtabs(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, K$ ^* S9 D8 V4 y- W
""" ' W7 \- ~3 `' N( C/ h0 t* _$ f Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.& J; [! u+ I% Y9 X7 n: G
6 ?4 @3 k$ _+ h! V: N4 O
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. 1 `$ F0 H( P; l; H6 d# ` """ [4 N; i0 K" A0 S- T! U8 Z* k/ E9 o pass1 k8 v" x- D- U. ]
+ M, T- B, J0 I K- D! j$ _' ^
def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 5 l9 w" J# T/ n Z# J8 W7 T """ : c; I: P" _0 r% l! _9 V+ e1 {+ m O S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 9 P6 J& q; N( G6 s$ A) Q 8 N7 O3 K: d2 Q/ e Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,7 B- X4 \* ]! \' F! n, `
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 3 ~ u. [) z1 I* z& G4 ` arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. . Z- b% ?: a1 i7 c; o4 a$ a7 T 6 u5 f9 q, K% \, s5 D- `: E Return -1 on failure.( M8 W2 U. J* `8 V& f; g' F
; A" c' N6 K1 ?0 d S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 6 s' A/ Y. l$ r& _9 Z * k' k8 b- c3 Y: Y 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。 9 l. y7 |0 h5 j5 B& _. Y1 ~7 h7 w 可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。$ I5 A2 W( y; U* r! }6 m# ?7 h
3 h+ s: ]! U5 a6 D 失败时返回-1。( I0 j3 c) |: J; W
1 l2 i4 x, i, P6 h7 E0 R4 T4 x; M$ X """2 W# l- }4 i! Y" B
return 0$ V' a- a& G" H! b$ x, r( D
: |* W- E' O; b; {1 J6 K def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format 4 ^! d; r% L% H; g* F """ 1 n+ p9 a7 B9 Q% F/ _4 @0 `7 I5 { S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str & w- w9 q4 s6 b9 s 1 W, U! j% A! V: C. r Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.+ F3 u/ Z( N) l/ P' z/ ^& S! R4 q% i$ {
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). ) M1 i, N8 ~2 B6 k& V ; q' {+ P, l- o! U' ]7 i S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str$ @; _% z- ~8 t- w' L, G& Q2 F- e
8 t; n* S+ M! D+ a1 v2 T 使用args和kwargs的替换,返回S的格式化版本。 5 O; O* M! l& X 替换由大括号('{'和'}')标识。# B+ {! s2 q' x% z
""" 3 L; v1 u* R- |1 F' \, E& N! z pass & v5 b# M. u0 r7 }0 q 4 ?2 H$ X# I8 G, f def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ , v# M/ b8 s1 }; k! e """% t2 G# E( V: g- A
S.format_map(mapping) -> str1 G7 L5 k0 ]2 R K/ m1 t. {
. C8 q" [ Y k; K. Q! f
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. . R7 [0 a2 p& C1 T The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').0 T4 ?7 C* O& f8 ^/ X3 ~7 J
""" ' k$ }4 U5 S3 ^2 y return "" 3 r) G% o; B& L) U9 L; u# Y, H5 R ( |+ L; {4 D5 r) ?, P# b& n6 G def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ H: f- z( ], ^3 \: l """ 7 b' h/ Q" B8 l5 a S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int - d" I' d# u( \* q5 F7 f. T2 H
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,: |; o5 s/ q) b$ l4 Z$ Y9 X
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional! j% A# F1 M/ `! q1 m7 Q% J# o h
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. g2 g0 e- |; v: V6 E4 E- Y/ i% G/ w8 f) c2 G
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.1 ^7 x0 k& a! Q" [# V, h
' q% C0 S/ Y) R7 p S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int ' L; t, f! {; y, z q% Y$ d/ h( N .index(sub[, start[, end]]& _' K( o, K1 `9 [
; z T3 \. p# K/ c0 E9 o& ?3 V
返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。 ' e( u, _( y8 g- p& O' K 可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。 " l3 a. q& a+ p $ P$ b& w8 B, ?8 K, F9 v
当没有找到子字符串时引发ValueError。# _2 y5 P4 g4 f" s' t3 o# @1 R
""" , W1 e. M. i5 v6 f return 0 ! Q0 Q3 \ y" G + G, c8 E% n0 g4 ^, {; h def isalnum(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown+ |( v' v8 _7 y
"""7 u# W- J( d7 c2 V: z" b, I' L1 c2 O% c% w
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.5 D* z( O: ~: n6 K/ i/ V6 y
3 R! S+ ~ p0 S" C
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and 3 J: K& x; H0 C8 H. v+ [ there is at least one character in the string.0 t- o9 F) U$ y# ~; K: {: D
""" 1 I6 l1 R( }2 b1 `* [5 J" d& g; h: z pass4 l7 r# y/ i, U( t: G
& t& ^6 D$ c! \% b/ y" j: i" f def isalpha(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown2 c9 r8 v+ {5 F* Q2 k, Q/ E' W
""" F1 H0 R4 V; l4 I% C) e) ?- ?
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise. 9 a% {/ C+ h* f$ s4 x3 J6 N! | H7 U1 G, r, D7 k' A' Q
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there @9 y% E+ V* p8 Z% U- i, ~. M- h
is at least one character in the string.% R [: ?& _7 ] V; ?' I: ?
""" 1 e# Y8 g" l5 A8 o$ a# C- o8 \ pass9 k+ f; x% |1 a1 ^
4 f- L* I3 ? n! ?5 U# W! k+ ~+ U
def isascii(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. p/ V: O/ V5 I. b
""" * D5 r/ E6 Y7 ?" @* c, e9 {8 T Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise. $ r& b7 e, m, y. p& p" m% L& \$ G* J; @" ~/ W. D- y
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. 7 p4 e5 w9 A& v* H& R Empty string is ASCII too. 9 i- _+ u( v' @5 F. a) U- m0 P """5 Y1 `+ r1 G, M- W! N2 `) V
pass, ^* [+ x1 m4 u
! {% `+ E' s1 E
def isdecimal(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown5 G* \9 |2 `7 q
""" 5 H) q4 T9 O* P- E; n6 p0 @ Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.( `; h4 K- P7 j Q% i4 R
1 m" ]$ u0 H( i' ~6 t A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and1 I Z$ x$ H- D3 b) h6 N
there is at least one character in the string.) c0 u8 y3 }5 L3 t: k
""" 2 A/ d1 s5 c' N' V& x pass: Z% ~/ c" g1 v( Z
7 ~: D3 e' P& ]& b- a
def isdigit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . i) d3 B* l8 F" S a, W """ - P2 S( m2 l- X( k$ y+ d Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise. & d E# q& r+ a) h6 Z9 r% x 4 o H) _& q% ~" |! y& r A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there 5 `' w U4 c) |: V: u) B# z: e1 z is at least one character in the string. i0 s* S3 `3 l2 P- Y' D, T """ ; q( y) e8 V$ l9 Z5 H pass/ q& b' d: Z1 G* `- q
! T1 t: ?- g" B2 p
def isidentifier(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' r% _# I$ Y4 w: [ """ 5 r5 K" {3 N( [% @# ` E Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise. ( T9 ~0 }. \' V3 m. B / Y: v$ E, t+ v6 ~1 e Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier,6 v- _' B, E8 x R6 j$ F
such as "def" or "class".3 e& l" [* k$ v2 e
""" 0 a; r, `" L" Y4 j pass 0 j) N) [0 ^+ o7 i6 j 4 k) @) t# M- l3 A2 H; Z def islower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown / X5 k- \: T/ c- T) B- H6 ] """ * f4 Y9 u0 R" i5 S% V) [% q) v0 v Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.$ V! }5 L9 L2 e9 j v. g$ k6 Q
8 `; [" q' x& t1 e; q9 o5 p
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and5 w/ @; d+ {' W1 `$ a5 W- i( x
there is at least one cased character in the string.7 e5 N2 R z) n* n$ z& L
""") d j' U; t5 Y, F
pass, T9 E! g; c/ ~+ r% v
) o# k1 s/ H# A3 ?, s$ w; Y$ p. c def isnumeric(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) i5 w i! ]- C- i& E """ 0 }# e. n7 N# ^* g+ V Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.6 E0 [: B6 C, x- m
! U# S; b$ K: N r2 e7 m A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at, R' ]! n9 G6 Q
least one character in the string.4 C( [2 C# [' O' f6 {( r
""" " W$ q* _7 ~4 h3 v& Q pass# k o# C* p. I- E. ^+ X
1 O3 I; O! g: U5 G$ l. N& m, ?/ B def isprintable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! f6 K9 k; O2 \$ H: s/ E """8 Q! M! z2 q$ B2 G) ^
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.: N; O3 `- E1 X* @+ Q* G) E" G( c
4 {) G, i1 z( G/ t: D1 J
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in * A3 q4 ~1 e0 O5 q: Q0 k3 ^ repr() or if it is empty.1 q/ x$ A3 H# y# ` o
""" ' O+ B& S4 q5 N4 ^ pass 9 e& w' k" }7 a- f$ I8 D/ D/ e, n, p: }% I- Q3 f1 u
def isspace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 0 C% o. \' K# ]1 D """# r* n4 g; l M: ?# [
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.) P. a2 Q" g+ o
% O& {; f5 z# p: K; T! ~ A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there- N; X8 Y8 ^9 k v
is at least one character in the string.1 \; [; I( w& u8 z) l9 E* A
""": M" Y+ Z# n# a' [; T- H
pass " _' H+ f4 d$ d6 a / K( i! F) E9 R$ a, C$ U- v def istitle(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. E3 x, R7 G- m5 I o. O! K6 y* j5 Y
""" + j+ ^! N; n. [; d0 j, K4 ] Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise. 0 K* _: K7 ~: ]- G# I' V% X* e# l* V9 Z. I3 ` H
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only* u: m, p o" W* i; ~! l, a6 C
follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.7 V' i1 }: e# |* O* i6 a6 Z
"""- v0 l! |; w0 y6 l# Q; y* x# X
pass / _& O/ N" p) f9 P) w; ~! l+ h4 M
def isupper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown+ v& q/ o" l0 u- x( V( K0 Y+ d
""" & s& T' f# P! F, y" Q; W' O Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise./ ]0 V( B8 x+ d# y1 p5 C/ f
+ H* [: G, M4 h9 i# n
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and) ^* d, b: d% \1 L: Q7 h1 q' m" Q
there is at least one cased character in the string. ~# [ v+ t$ l+ ?' a """' W+ D3 v' N# v
pass 9 N; C( E- Z, m! {1 X; @4 U4 U6 ^1 A# G& \6 b
def join(self, ab=None, pq=None, rs=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__- X2 Q8 B. G# {- I0 M1 \9 Z
""" 3 f5 E# W+ R$ K& k5 ` Concatenate any number of strings.7 Q. H/ E1 q1 {0 ~0 m
$ \9 G" f# Y. R$ o) C3 d) w
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. 2 |: q3 Z2 [$ E8 K6 V8 v9 j! @1 F The result is returned as a new string.- v3 R6 q' G5 e8 o& q7 ]* ?0 z
- o) j0 p' `: y3 _: Y( _" V5 N0 T( v Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'. F7 u5 W6 U/ \5 D7 q3 S& P
# O: l) C; z3 [% l: k 连接任意数量的字符串。 % V" j4 v( } L1 y1 F! C6 z/ c4 Q {/ [' w' Y6 d8 q
调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。 3 t8 y' z3 X# [6 l: d 结果以新字符串的形式返回。 / Q+ U: c, H$ o8 R B4 E V+ c/ \! P8 ]8 {$ t ^6 I 例如:“。”。Join (['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs' ; U+ ?3 v1 ^; j3 ~' W """- x- c' i5 f4 k/ y% Z
pass * V0 N# {3 R! c' G- C # [+ k1 V4 t. u' c def ljust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , L C, j. v- H5 }; w0 _; G# w9 t1 ? """ n7 |. n+ B7 |" |0 v
Return a left-justified string of length width. 0 {: {6 W8 s. @8 k9 |- X/ T. m( O) \1 |' `$ M
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).. K5 |7 H6 o0 Q- O- `1 z
2 W6 ]2 c& J% b0 v' u+ H 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。 : d8 g! A" i+ w8 k& C4 G( M/ w' l" c5 p$ M, K7 |4 u( ?3 I# i
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。; T- d; n1 L0 Q, Z4 z
""") \2 H5 u3 a9 n7 Q/ Q6 d \% m* M
pass1 p7 R3 ?. h, _. p% B: q/ n
) F$ k6 ^7 _3 Q w( h4 x def lower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; j6 t: z: X7 \7 _
""" Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase. / O4 l) g& g/ r9 m; @5 |* N/ L
返回转换为小写的字符串副本。""" 1 y7 i% @# x" g pass8 b$ X) t! y" Q4 A
; W) x! Z8 {3 Y6 I( @; E
def lstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 e+ a4 E G$ R' d. L9 e
"""3 o1 |8 m+ Y8 A5 v3 f6 N9 r
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed. 6 h) |, i: K. B # h. x1 _# a, D( O( F* q4 R/ T If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.5 ^8 x9 y) g4 ^1 b0 X2 ]( [
' h' Z3 Q$ Z8 Q4 Q, ?6 I0 G% Y3 U2 l def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 O' R$ D5 Z' u4 l, |8 D" ~4 D
""". i( N) U2 k* Y. }
Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). " y7 I1 [- G- U/ j5 X2 j5 F' o( x: o! e
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode # u3 a! W7 ^: d9 R6 Z ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. % n4 L3 s& S: d6 D g0 k& n1 o Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. 0 `5 n6 q1 V6 Z& {3 R If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and+ f* v& @/ Q$ X/ L
in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the) E: J! n9 ]9 Y* d: p
character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it & W- G3 Y* m. u must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.# R" B3 ]% @6 ^# Z! Q! W
"""6 H8 d% Z" D! y7 R2 e
pass * I$ {. K. {4 t" i8 _/ O: d7 @6 M- x$ L6 P0 A& n
def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown& i, g- L% d, g+ G! ~' |" u! L3 U
""" # S5 U9 T+ E: ? Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. " l9 \; K7 t9 |, Y2 ~% h) C* M/ L# T: A
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found,# I- j& W+ K3 F$ u" W6 h( T0 C% Z
returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator z. {/ O" J, t) _/ H% [: m# a! C itself, and the part after it. B$ f) c k% F$ H- r
+ c0 }1 y2 V! A5 l9 p If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string; y- {! j# ]- n0 d5 C% Q6 C$ p; y
and two empty strings. / b# Z' b9 C/ n) s" |" _, _ """ 3 }$ m7 B* S% H8 a pass g# w. }* z5 _* G' g$ d! |! ^
7 e9 |3 j7 W6 A* f def replace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; v5 e& e, P1 J8 Q" q* l: \
"""8 o- t. f0 t5 y2 `9 D1 n
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.- o3 G; a- R1 k" ~. v
. B. O6 [% q1 h9 o/ R+ j count; i3 _! p/ X: j8 z6 M
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. / e& j) A8 z, m+ v3 w -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.- ~3 U) ]3 d0 c* _# Y, x5 O: g+ J
; E. n/ B; T4 Y, Q2 P9 [ If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are $ c) T: R- q! ?; A, m2 o3 W1 } N replaced.5 Q% c e( {: w- }
) c/ {7 g: E( h7 z" P 返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。+ ^ v- B4 T# r) n: a, X
! |& S+ c2 Y0 U: D, Q* }
数 _ u' [* [+ M
替换的最大次数。 / }' {' _* |1 H, \ -1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。 J# V0 B: r# h# r5 K: I8 x
; W- x4 r9 V0 V, q- x' u
如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。) z/ {( T0 Q) T0 r
"""0 n4 |# G) M. R+ P& q
pass 0 U {1 a4 l- c; M2 x# F: M* n+ W' A2 `7 F / H' P. w' v- n& \3 { def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 3 U+ B: Q! p# ^/ b$ G& { """/ Q" m2 v8 L+ d, i- B1 j2 {
S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 4 K, U$ ^4 h1 I+ O& X+ D e$ a9 W5 M# a- U$ K/ R
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,% d( P' ]/ |2 b6 r9 \
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional ( O/ O6 g+ F2 f% i arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 7 \( q1 L% ~ u0 T4 s . E n% r/ m, g7 E4 H; j Return -1 on failure.+ J( V. A w) p Q
""" 6 I7 ?( w, h9 V5 y, s5 `1 M return 0% t, t% |0 O; c# O" s, F2 d
: A( E& I# W( [6 l. F
def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 6 ^2 \' q. E6 ~2 J* `% j8 _ """, K, F+ A8 p5 n8 ]' |* Y. v) T( r
S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int : k! f2 ^7 J0 o7 R% y# O) u( x# E' o8 z9 w" c; P/ P, y6 X
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, ) ^/ j' ?! Y* l such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 4 L a ?% V }0 B ~ arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.5 B. e; u; ]2 Y% M- G; Q* A
9 x0 Z. S9 j$ D6 T% Z t4 k( O3 D
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found. 7 @( W' b) H- t" H! E """! ]0 V# i( _9 n( f% N5 x+ e
return 06 Z+ K. H) D/ J, e3 s! O6 G4 g" X
: o" g7 N% g6 l! s4 \& L: J, \7 q
def rjust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 p! c$ {' k) I3 {8 Z! G/ B
""" 0 e) }/ F! L6 a0 T6 T( C5 w Return a right-justified string of length width.9 g1 c2 ^+ J, m G1 T# @% S' c
5 u4 h' L" O3 J0 d/ h. q Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space)./ T) ~( e# U- h! Y' i0 Q
' h/ {7 L. U h4 A* j: h
返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。& |) Z) O6 q7 [7 n+ o+ P3 ~
1 v& W" ~ ], a% l5 f4 O a 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。% H, }8 ?1 q4 c, x# X
"""0 v9 F/ A( g3 z4 d. J3 P: X
pass" Y# _) D6 J/ o$ Y9 n3 U$ `
W% |) a3 z1 u9 D! o' ]
def rpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * _! {0 W; U: L: B3 k( n) D """- J4 D; w# m; X
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator." j0 v/ d6 w! L) ^* l x
$ e. h% ^3 Z! K9 w' o
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If( x1 K1 S& Q2 p2 b
the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the* r, W* f2 O ^
separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. 5 @$ }+ `4 H L8 H5 e+ a- T0 p8 ~/ u+ X2 p
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings ( ^8 n1 [) }4 ? |4 v7 e) K and the original string.; l( \" j* t( [- x7 M n
""" / O; r& |" h2 r: w" G" B2 p pass * a* S# d w' g2 t2 L / P$ z% l( ~6 v I def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . t) K/ a0 B# {2 r3 v1 P& {2 ~" s" _) M """& ^) K, B! ^5 [( x, ~, z+ \
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.4 Y& n2 l+ \' {) M. P
, h! |; O% u3 O! |! ^1 j sep 3 @3 ?1 I* f; a7 t3 n The delimiter according which to split the string. : D' T. U8 }1 `7 n8 H None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace,5 t1 V5 f1 [" r8 L
and discard empty strings from the result. / E; t) s N/ s ]6 Z# d maxsplit 6 [4 p! y# C5 O) _8 F Maximum number of splits to do. 8 ?7 M3 [9 r) b. D/ l! m. e3 M -1 (the default value) means no limit.' w5 X5 t3 W5 v( ~1 v
s4 ^. B4 I! D* l
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front. 6 g0 i) W) @3 ` u* T2 R ) j3 H1 V0 p# y. A 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。2 f0 R1 K3 r/ c1 y. ^* z V
sep ) s$ U0 I1 n/ J* Q$ s: X9 A 用来分割字符串的分隔符。8 ]6 X! f5 V4 s. c4 x$ U; P1 M) d
None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。 + c* E% u( {' Q! J# z ) n E1 }9 K' q( F+ T+ m2 f+ t maxsplit ; g. {9 C; l0 K2 Z1 s6 H; F 最大分割次数。 / G6 _7 {3 d% V, \4 p1 v Z -1(默认值)表示无限制。 ' l8 i3 _: L5 l8 a, { ( F* V6 D. P' K$ S2 {# u
劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。: j( ]6 D4 k. ]; T
"""7 F" l. B4 u) ?; i" X t9 h9 ?
pass / X, d( @- L1 V . ?) W8 `% B) o% W! d4 c% x' g! S def rstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( A3 M" Y( h! x; Y6 f5 Z
""" ! \2 d( B. G4 ] Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed. " j6 B$ H2 i. a6 u: O& V* o7 p5 b ) u: a6 r$ v8 e If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.! |% |8 u8 H2 E" g
. C0 Q+ o2 q' C; Q' W! t 返回字符串的副本,删除尾随空格。0 T. m5 h; m5 i
* m* i' W- c2 R0 e( L" C' x+ e 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。& D2 q4 X7 B9 V) l% y! d# y6 r: w
""" 8 o/ S8 w6 F; S2 `% W pass. b$ [% g' o7 V" |: q1 U9 R
. V4 ^6 f# i2 H# e6 z8 f- B6 q* f def split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown - `* |* Y# Z* [; b0 `5 G """+ J" H5 Z- x6 D! B7 [% N8 }
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.4 p! v: P; b+ M8 A! b6 v4 C" \
7 @# W8 w8 N7 o. f5 M4 B
sep. Z3 d! S1 v( s( t
The delimiter according which to split the string.) ?/ u$ W7 X. ?/ n4 Y/ I
None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace,% a" v K2 T. K9 e! h; d: ~# O
and discard empty strings from the result. * d6 I5 |5 o: Y8 R+ R maxsplit : I- D2 e/ C! F/ n Maximum number of splits to do.3 a' }8 H" k$ ]# E
-1 (the default value) means no limit. 8 T I6 K- \" G, f3 _5 o# j8 J Y" ] """ - O, T' N% P8 K( f- k/ R pass. u! T7 I/ R$ n- {9 k* [( T K
+ b4 K6 O' I, k4 G6 ^ def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ \. S3 w( [1 D b6 N$ C' C """6 C4 I& [& h- D8 x _4 \5 ~
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.; z+ u0 ~3 s3 _- a/ O
1 T+ H+ H. g0 |& y4 [* d8 D Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and$ c. g- l9 t+ J% f9 }$ n) v
true.: u# M* A3 G& C! u! \6 t1 C
""" + G+ O/ V F/ h6 R8 [" U pass, b# `# y% \4 a7 d
+ Q" D! k+ Y { z2 k! i5 c |& _ def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ $ I# `: b; m) q """ " ~) m D' f( \ S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool! p* E) M- D) O* p* d [" R; a; J; e
; k( a" `4 `; g6 a; v2 V Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. ' v, {/ Z4 F2 a: p. ?2 u With optional start, test S beginning at that position.: d+ f9 H. V' y' U
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.- ]% J7 E2 b! \* Z
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.+ h0 m* V9 ~4 v) @0 h k
"""* v6 x. {& u. C( [; d! W
return False1 Q, ~8 k$ o- \5 a8 p: M
/ i% o& t2 D- U3 ]: y
def strip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . A0 N1 L- M8 G8 y5 N2 Z """; f! ~' y( G7 j6 O$ [
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed., B( w7 z& B) m6 n
7 x5 b9 E; {" T+ D* x2 T If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. : P4 l+ D+ j/ z; i * {: n0 a) ~5 r" E# V+ x 返回删除前导和尾随空格的字符串副本。 ; s- N5 _; R. w0 C& x & J! F7 k$ C8 b+ C3 u) b" S 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。 & A/ @1 k3 V5 |- I2 T, N """ 5 R v! Y: L) B& O pass : H2 Y8 _1 | x3 {+ |2 q U5 z 1 q! {+ F6 B& \: X' e) c def swapcase(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : a. V5 B0 K+ e """ Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase. """ 1 G& U# [# T& k7 ~8 `; e+ Q9 A pass* |& d2 J7 m* V% U6 `9 i
/ j4 g$ D% D$ p! ~4 T) `: t def title(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown6 t& l0 |2 J0 g2 d9 k
""" $ \2 F" x' i4 T4 i2 Y9 ~) r Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.5 [+ b7 E S3 Z' d( V- e9 w& g- x
; I! K" ]1 `5 N! ~0 I5 l More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining+ k6 k# g9 `. }8 S `4 s3 d+ O/ U
cased characters have lower case.& z6 l" G8 U- O9 Q% Y: I# A
"""5 G0 N% f2 {1 |& a
pass # a% _% H& } _' U4 g+ k7 g' p e5 D9 H2 Y* h0 l$ B _4 a
def translate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 A7 i$ F' v2 d """1 W. l) x8 S1 I) g( }
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table. @$ Q) s! c7 o# i5 g. z. I9 v/ T# D( r* c- I. F
table, [! S+ L# ^4 W
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to % F9 i% \3 }4 D8 J Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.9 b, r( r0 E1 o" V
9 a5 N7 T; l1 ^' s The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a8 F, R; D. Q R* ~0 i1 d/ F
dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is: g' S6 i6 X s! y
left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted. 2 g- S9 P1 s" }1 q$ @ """ ) l4 y! G4 l+ N7 m- T3 ~3 h pass 6 w/ A+ k, G& G5 i5 y4 Y3 }) g M8 y: w & @/ g, J, x6 R$ v3 R def upper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ A' ]0 m0 v' b& b """ Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase. """ 9 K# L3 h" @ T" w; V pass+ I% g3 }( a& m5 N* S2 m
% \. N* B! ~$ j
def zfill(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' [+ h( j& w5 z z# h. q """ 4 R6 ~2 ~2 E7 ~+ p* ?& U Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. : t0 o$ B% n" @' P: t( }' b O9 i( x6 p; B
The string is never truncated. ; P- h+ |$ Y0 k- N5 W" E """! W. ^# `1 c/ V) B. Z
pass + T7 Y2 b" [- M' P & t2 U+ z N7 |7 B6 j: f8 o! G def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! s3 j( W( u$ G, _; O """ Return self+value. """6 v8 |# B' W! y# V( w) Z) v2 ^6 V. }
pass( w/ Q8 Z; P! i) K
r2 ^6 {, l6 |" l' K7 \# j% B8 J def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown6 [: D0 ]1 [6 c$ {7 @
""" Return key in self. """3 Y9 v/ L$ C4 U- @+ i
pass , L! t6 d) u* [! l3 z/ g! y$ Q' e) C u9 I# W$ c* d0 n2 O
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 c, u" n8 O) U' }5 g9 N """ Return self==value. """/ a* V) \; {; v7 [
pass , x" Q+ d, z# C 4 s1 V% M- g C$ i' f( s# r0 z, z def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 z, u; `9 f1 f: c- S. ~
""" Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec. """ , k9 G( E0 c/ R5 K% x+ q" W. } pass$ j$ g) z" L9 A5 r2 P
! w6 ` T' r$ M1 }5 Z+ ` def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , a0 A( ~5 |# V4 {/ c; K """ Return getattr(self, name). """ . @8 v" X6 G2 i4 ?+ z6 w& v pass & r2 M5 G$ {& x$ b8 ^* ^8 j + B3 m! O! ?9 b9 y def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , [9 N9 A4 q* P6 W: h """ Return self[key]. """ 7 |4 A q, c3 ]5 y! E pass 4 o1 v$ c$ ]9 `4 g , b8 A3 T1 Q# r# L1 b3 i' C0 Z; K6 [ def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % ^& n2 Z6 _: R$ i0 v; [ pass : S) k! F3 d, ~) l : `; w+ W/ m: C8 T" q: I9 D9 n, S9 K% K def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" F: y# q: p, s/ w. S: K4 F
""" Return self>=value. """ }" {8 V% N' N* z+ O+ u& G1 U
pass" N6 u" X: D6 l3 u* y# _% G
E) ^# _/ r6 _0 c. B* H# @: P' Q K def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , m5 G8 `( r4 m6 i9 p& s i """ Return self>value. """ & G- v7 E" o& b, u pass 4 T) w$ Y) |/ ]9 z* X % p" A* s$ Z0 l# R/ M2 n) M; d def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : k7 y) x: c$ E' L/ Q, o """ Return hash(self). """$ B: ~! _/ W' S$ K$ B' M$ m/ @
pass 8 T H9 Z# b0 O$ }. m& P , z7 v. ?- i/ Y def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__ ) Z0 C# D6 Z3 s0 {1 M """. v& z8 F- l0 t7 G
str(object='') -> str- c% D- K( o" P& s9 S# O+ e
str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str) U, t- ~- `! J x Z( C& {
: r/ ^9 K2 f6 R' b* h3 G- o/ c
Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or3 s4 w9 s6 H: L: u
errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer9 V& K2 ^7 ^! r# k
that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. , {& n. i0 D% Q Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) & w& p: ? d9 a) b or repr(object).5 p* U/ z3 _8 i3 o
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). # w w2 c3 h3 _) E* h& x. O errors defaults to 'strict'. ! W0 n h, B2 S& L, u+ Z0 L # (copied from class doc) + [1 X% y! M6 R- U g: K) {6 b """ 0 f! ^ S( F( m P pass! j& B# R' }6 {/ b# r. o- n
* w$ B. C, ]% K def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! C4 {% |7 h2 u' t/ \ """ Implement iter(self). """6 x. J7 l' l! o# {4 e3 u
pass 1 {* B: p+ t1 J0 |' C& X& { $ e9 M; |# S# s- d) q( f4 q: T def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 |: e( r) ?, P& \/ B$ ?/ h- f
""" Return len(self). """ + N: K4 A* _: F$ [4 K4 f1 f pass' n0 B `2 C9 Z+ @7 t8 J
6 Y! X F3 S& C! H( y4 Y; o; |
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) D( L. e* P1 l+ K: N" r; G """ Return self<=value. """" r3 X4 N" h) M( e
pass- @; \+ m" I8 O2 e( j ~# k& F, T
& W; O, J( p" _5 @/ H def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 H0 @+ m9 n6 y """ Return self%value. """ 9 p# T: D$ W7 F2 A5 D' R4 Z pass 9 T: y4 y9 H; \8 C1 ]( _6 k / c: u' l# c5 \6 q7 P def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" \8 t5 _2 g. F( x& x
""" Return self*value. """ ! `% x. m5 L& B4 i pass5 \# l& X/ Z, r6 o& p
7 O# c4 |8 L1 q1 ^ @staticmethod # known case of __new__ & `. P! T1 x, j4 y1 v4 r def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 2 Y- O. F. }) E6 C; O """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ 3 m2 Y" r' s6 H, | pass7 D7 @3 h/ A1 T
6 A5 I6 }/ J5 i
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. Z f/ J/ v/ B" w2 S8 t
""" Return self!=value. """3 I5 J$ f$ A0 r8 `
pass# S l3 q8 S: X
* I- V' K! P. I# u v6 H6 g* U, e def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" b p9 \( e/ r I: x/ m# G; K2 E
""" Return repr(self). """ 0 G# U/ a9 l9 a8 }) H pass - S: S+ M/ A9 S8 e0 g; y0 E0 K
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown3 g1 \6 W" d& n* _
""" Return value%self. """ ( l& C0 X% f& J1 o" o( b pass m/ u9 N9 M! T' W: O, k- ~1 p7 I; E! t
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, {! @9 X! R# Q3 [1 A
""" Return value*self. """6 s- ~' K- ^6 i: F+ F3 o* X
pass * {$ B' p" l9 d; ? & z( U! [2 P" _/ g& m8 a# `$ A def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. \2 t! W: S" q: y# s! Q1 }) P' t
""" Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes. """0 v! B; v1 j: M7 d; M
pass 9 p! j q3 P3 v) l; ~' n# Q * B/ w. Y1 a# x/ s, V) L0 | def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown8 e: _( _' ~3 ~! G, K9 o" ~
""" Return str(self). """ i. S6 q e6 E+ b" a0 r pass3 V" p3 f- F. C4 R2 {7 H. j0 X$ @
6 m) T) L! y( M0 V$ w7 u1 * u. V8 r4 U+ S' F, I2. F$ ^; s/ ?0 {+ q1 B$ C
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108 4 F8 m' @4 V+ K y4 R3 H109 # S, S/ y1 n0 y( p8 M110 0 j1 n2 U, F% O/ f( {$ B111 * w; d2 ? O& X' q' o) X$ s- T112 : G3 Q% ^. D! R1139 V: t& U7 ^, ?
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119 & x6 i5 f0 H2 E7 D120$ D. u. D4 {% _2 c* u r: `& `
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132 # h: m% z j" t" }1 V7 r8 v" z6 I133* q% L/ V; B5 h% | L
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135 % e" l) U& k, U* ]6 ?; L6 k136 ' x: c9 ~! g1 W137" T* ~" C* Q9 `/ G! h' ?- U
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140 0 X. X* ^7 V8 O' K: e4 E/ B141- f3 ^5 y# E W5 F; a8 \
142 * l. U. J L9 [1 k/ ~% ]5 |$ S8 `143 , J8 Z+ j- t# P% s F- R144 ( Y! ]+ _8 h. B8 e& C, S3 V; h145" b& {1 S* t, \
146 % r0 V4 |1 z9 o6 U% N" W, \, J147 $ W+ M8 a# s7 k P: \1 z: y148 " F0 O, c( f- g8 I149 4 @ r, n" Z! [9 @5 t150- ]1 W) t4 v" \4 b& n
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194 , f' {' M8 }7 H, X2 O% `( H5 E P6 T195' H7 v1 d0 A- U" ]
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612' u/ l5 U6 I6 x* E3 \5 i
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622 / [3 E6 U1 x% P- V1 E2 `. N9 n; Y6230 V6 ~- }% w: |) C: F
624 * v6 M; e( N W i" h# E+ E625 ( M2 \' D' ~3 \2 w626 1 O4 p7 i) f& u1 D8 {8 y) ]6271 }$ c# h* \; l
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633 ) G8 M% Y6 D' A& g6 ]7 y$ q634 $ m$ B' A8 ]; Z1 ?635" j- k6 W& t/ q8 I2 P& V
636 ( j) `' \ I! @3 j1.字符串操作符1 ? b/ j/ `7 P! `
操作符 描述/ c5 I$ w5 N& [, J9 D
+ x+y,连接两个字符串x和y' H( t9 G4 `; ?1 A5 S
* x*n或n*x,复制n次字符串x( F% n9 W! k+ a( Q. ^. G
in x in s,如果x是s的字串,返回True,否则返回False3 {3 N% w$ Z8 ^5 z
2.字符串处理函数 , X* ^' p( y6 y6 z: C) a% H函数 描述 5 \! T6 w1 n6 ]" q+ d, c8 d+ Hlen(x) 返回字符串x的长度,也可返回其它组合数据类型元素的个数. r+ t1 { o3 B9 S3 i( m
str(x) 返回任意类型x所对应的字符串形式 5 e' A/ U' a8 S, F, L Hchar(x) 返回Unicode编码x对应的单字符% p+ q5 \' l/ k0 g
ord(x) 返回x表示的Unicode编码1 w% R8 ?9 ?" D, ]; H
hex(x) 返回整数x对应十六进制的小写形式字符串0 r5 x0 f+ n8 ~5 s: ?$ R2 L
oct(x) 返回整数x对应八进制的小写形式字符串# r/ B# S* k7 Y$ F B% R' @
3.字符串处理方法 5 s& M, |, C9 V- ~7 u2 N$ [( W方法 描述: N/ O c2 ]; f" Y* @& o
s.lower() 字符串s全部转为小写1 [# b0 c2 G# f: s% Z4 u! o
s.upper() 字符串s全部转为大写5 V/ a4 Y; Y# u5 \
s.split(sep=None) 返回一个列表,由s根据sep被分割的部分构成,省略sep默认以空格分割5 H' W7 j7 |( O1 X
s.count(sub) 返回字串sub出现的次数 2 F& }3 ]: n# j$ I* Zs.replace(old, new) 返回字符串s的副本,所有old字串被替换为new 3 R7 n* X& h& E# Q- T7 ^8 ns.center(width, fillchar) 字符串居中函数,fillchar参数可选 : z) ` J7 l0 x5 s2 ]3 Q' m; A Ds.strip(chars) 从字符串s中去掉咋其左侧和右侧chars中出现的字符 : w& u9 t2 s$ D2 Q1 S: q" Vs.join(iter) 将iter变量的每一个元素增加一个s字符串 Q& o' }+ e* ?" p4.字符串的查询操作 # A+ L u6 d5 N: A* Y' U2 z5 u方法名称 作用$ o- W" J! ^" N; h& n7 }
index() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常9 X; m( f) H0 d* @( V( h/ e
rindex() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 . E7 J/ }4 w* q4 o* Tfind() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1/ N" z" t y) p; H
rfind() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1& o4 a4 R ?5 i$ W; r% u
'''; Q" u( T% Z7 @% {
index()查找第一次出现的位置 抛异常8 P& y; l& l! h$ ^6 }- Q9 d
rindex()查找最后一次次出现的位置 抛异常 ' j! {3 g" j" f/ |- ]5 X" U6 k$ P* L; H% p
find()查找第一次出现的位置 不抛异常,返回值为-13 S; Q( z$ G9 e( g! E/ _
rfind()查找最后一次出现的位置 抛异常 G) X8 H9 w& K+ B) O5 ~$ C$ w
''' L( `! @% Z' L/ ]1 {s = 'hello,hello'1 n* i1 t5 ?; _" E7 |
print(s.index('o')) # l0 Z2 y, c. c( Gprint(s.rindex('o')) ! W7 T- f4 `2 jprint(s.find('lo')) . `6 _8 n$ r/ G# l3 z3 sprint(s.find('ui')) # -1 ( l# a4 R- c% A m3 e3 ?* p! p1 , U8 u$ a4 W0 p E2. M H3 c: Q( i- w/ Q7 L, U
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9 5 e& ?8 o+ ~5 ?; H10 ; G9 X5 k' z3 s8 z, D11 ) k' I$ t: m7 c& Y& p8 C12% u, J& J% q8 l' |; [! l# v0 W/ ^
9 G7 U: Y* N- f; r U % U, m7 a) p/ `: L6 h- `. @6 k5.字符串大小写转换操作 - e$ B! w/ \" T7 r1 O6 U6 t* P& q( K8 k方法 作用 * f' Y2 y* b9 c- o! `upper() 把所有的字符串转换为大写字母) W$ g! Z! R( a* Y
lower() 把所有的字符串转换为小写字母! B0 k) T9 p' I6 a
swapcase() 将大写字符转换为小写字符,将小写字符转换为大写字符。 0 n* X# h: L# ~ xcapitalize() 使第一个字符为大写字母,其余字符为小写字母% P' S6 W9 l: Z8 y" I
title() 返回字符串的一个版本,其中每个单词都有标题。更具体地说,单词以大写字母开头,其余都以大写字母开头区分大小写的字符小写。 : r$ v5 i5 K8 O2 {# 字符串的大小写转换 ' E& Y" M1 g* s& i3 M. J7 a# 1.upper()把字符串中的所有字符转为大写 ) e7 u! T5 |& \; A8 k' F# 2.lower()把字符串中的所有字符都转换为小写. t0 y' H2 Y" y6 v8 a& R
# 3.swap case() 大转小,小转大) i; h& w% L% k! q7 B/ }& i& F! F
# 4.capitalize()把第一个字符转为大写,其余字符转为小写 $ K! L( H6 B; a6 _8 {6 j$ E# 5.title()把字符串首字母转换为大写,把剩余的转换为小写7 [% R F$ {& V1 a9 e2 @/ G! O
0 ?3 J& J( b* G
s = 'hellopython' 4 _5 @& ^ S: j. C4 W: Rprint(s.upper()) # 转大写3 ~ @; N! W" q; j
print(s.lower()) # 转换后id改变,会产生一个新的空间, [" q6 ?2 g. s! h
print(s.swapcase()) ! b* n6 Z* j5 x4 Y! Vprint(s.capitalize()) 4 F7 t2 I+ V; e Sprint(s.title()) 0 q! O8 k" l, P+ E# a. R1 $ m4 m: ?) W& f- s& f! ?$ d2- V' }8 x% V4 a- l
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6.字符串内容对齐操作方法 2 {7 ~/ J3 A4 p0 y5 G9 s) P9 {! Z方法 作用 7 X- c3 d! q8 h0 Pcenter(width,'') 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。1 q0 t3 D2 C9 l9 K x( [2 r4 ?
ljust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。7 L y/ ~% [* I- y' x
rjust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 $ D6 D' J2 Q" V$ Y+ [" y# i. r5 Y0 {zfill('int') 在左侧填充数字字符串,以填充给定宽度的字段。字符串永远不会被截断。 8 ]+ t$ E, n1 Y7 m'''字符串的对其操作'''+ [' z" }; F6 s$ V3 K8 L S
# 1.center 居中对齐 6 w, v7 Q+ I7 l( ^! G7 y( X7 bs = 'hello,python'0 T. d8 ^0 ?+ S4 J
print(s.center(100, '*')) # k" Y& s" K7 z( l4 y a * `% k2 C; M6 S$ o2 L# 2.ljust 左对齐, d+ {, J& A* W$ P& G: Q
print(s.ljust(100, '*')); G/ F9 V6 M7 ]' d. \8 d# C
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# 3.rjust 右对齐" q9 b4 f/ r7 W8 [& X `+ F
print(s.rjust(100, '*')); v+ d# Y4 {9 E% i
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# 3.zfill 右对齐,左侧为0填充% v& X: Z9 w2 [% s* y, i* F
print(s.zfill(100))+ D9 Y& E) y3 M9 b
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) `" z# E5 ]; I$ Y* p - K* k; X' T* p% y/ F8 w7.字符串的劈分操作 ! H- y: q% ]# {3 D. S$ k b方法 作用. {9 q! g( j0 ]. W" h
split() 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。sep用来分割字符串的分隔符。None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。maxsplit最大分割次数。-1(默认值)表示无限制。 " g. N( O k# ?5 S- M" Xrsplit() 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。sep用来分割字符串的分隔符。None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。maxsplit最大分割次数。-1(默认值)表示无限制。劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。) ~! X+ X& i/ `0 K+ d
# 字符串的劈分操作 split " M/ _4 Q: M0 { P5 ?# 1. split从字符串左侧开始分割,默认值为空格字符串,返回值是一个列表 4 V8 Y( h3 M( Z/ \5 z4 Z! U- F# 以通过参数sep指定劈分字符串是劈分符 c: U4 A _5 P9 F# 通过maxsplit指定劈分字符串的最大劈分次数4 x4 |6 W. r; [* X9 ?$ l8 v! I* s& i% b
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s = 'hello#world#python'0 k3 d& Q' D: p5 N: `
lst = s.split('#')" P- h e0 Q' F! l
print(lst) , {# Z2 U, j# Y6 i! M: }9 ds1 = 'hello|world|python' ' ^$ M7 ~: A- D$ o" O) r, Pprint(s1.split())* l1 b0 O0 _$ E& \# d6 F
print(s1.split(sep='|')) ' B1 Y- o, M9 hprint(s1.split())9 R& P! _2 x. O3 `( \% Q
s1 = 'hello|world|python': I) _: r" A1 {9 q& b6 V' i7 W. M! B( _
print(s1.split()) 1 R4 i/ ~# M2 M0 }, s8 O5 x8 hprint(s1.split(sep='|', maxsplit=1))* O" V+ V, F' ^! f+ @6 P
# 以参数sep 指定劈分字符串是劈分符. C- a( `+ U1 R( H: T
print('-----------------------') 2 i+ y7 x& q, O3 { 6 B$ c) b# S+ Z1 E# 2.rsplit 从右侧开始劈分 ! [$ ?8 x w- v. Bprint(s1.rsplit(sep='|', maxsplit=1))) L7 k/ X- y4 H: k2 b% [1 `( r
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8 I. m0 n) G$ t0 T3 w5 B6 T, u8.判断字符串的方法8 K; m7 I2 p+ J0 z/ K/ u6 Y
方法 作用 ) t6 c) A& x& Z9 u9 [ c. `* aisidentifier() 判断字符串是合法标识符+ ]- ^1 f. B# B- B8 \3 j6 d3 |
isspace() 判断字符串是否全部由空字符串组成(回车,换行,水平制表) 8 ^ v% }7 X' ~0 m z) disalpha() 判断是否全部由字符组成9 w& h6 W5 M7 \9 Q6 |
isdecimal() 判断是否全部由十进制数字组成8 L. W3 h L; j& k! w+ u+ |
isnumeric() 判断是否全部由数字组成0 W* v. d$ ]$ b) n
isalnum() 判断字符串是否全部由字母和数字组成* X3 m# z' R. X) \. z7 O
# 1. isidentifier 判断字符串是合法标识符. y9 g' Q5 ]8 Z5 R* r# `% n
s = 'hello, python' * T5 R7 R$ F. |6 X7 _" ~print('1.', s.isidentifier()) # False; {! Z- W0 c# w- e- c
print('2.', 'hello'.isidentifier()) # True; q0 T' B, K5 k o/ N% _/ \