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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 2 m s' |& f/ M J, ~8 {2 i
/* display the gray scale */ 8 ~9 i5 F6 _% S& P: B7 O% g
ht = getmaxy() / 16; - X# i( u7 h5 [* {( o. d- C) a2 X1 F i
xmax = getmaxx(); ( |1 V5 J; M' V) y
y = 0; , ^7 z5 j/ l- m9 q! ~% Q* Y! h
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { , p# Q6 h# G7 S) m
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
! ?4 ?! `, B4 I4 N+ {bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht);
9 R/ H* ?- n' b# ]4 \y += ht; 3 u; G; e- Y. ?( B3 w8 a# B7 S4 c
} ( A( @* [- L( Y: [5 V
/* clean up */ # B, d z) C/ V/ L; ]9 \
getch(); & Y$ r: D) r0 I% U
closegraph();
4 I: D7 y- d; F/ areturn 0; 0 d- f6 G; ~/ V8 |! [. b) f
} 3 l5 d4 @% R( w& H2 }
$ j" q6 k- m! h! _6 L
+ s: \4 R4 w0 a. f6 E" T1 R

' C3 x6 R2 L" _5 ?函数名: settextjustify * r- d/ `+ F% P
功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
5 k- ^& d4 s5 s* q用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
9 D. x9 v7 e2 O程序例: 
0 g. e5 y% \. o0 b9 T7 z0 j#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# f6 R9 _) z2 ~: M; a2 X#include <STDLIB.H>: t6 s# z S5 |
#include <STDIO.H>
0 i# a6 s' ]& |! a6 [#include <CONIO.H>
: X- G$ L; C' g; U* E- i/* function prototype */ ) C M9 k/ X! w6 g" R( o' S
void xat(int x, int y); 
' G# }/ o5 }: Y. a; o5 m1 @ p/* horizontal text justification settings */
+ Y! _8 V$ \5 U/ J2 `. Pchar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
3 `( j5 l# N# I2 O5 ]9 O"CENTER_TEXT", 7 J6 k6 W5 o2 O+ c
"RIGHT_TEXT" ; W- l/ B; w u
}; 
. m4 U) F: S, R9 ?- L/ i/* vertical text justification settings */
2 O% T) H3 `4 w# N# G/ C9 gchar *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", / \- F$ S0 B9 L& S/ P/ J3 N4 f
"CENTER_TEXT", / P' V9 u; ~6 f X
"RIGHT_TEXT" / x: n& W# q8 Z$ g) j, d/ q, n
}; 
7 |# `# x/ c5 W7 ~; eint main(void)
+ `; T8 |7 O9 @* s b L, x d{ ; o- J* ?& G2 H& W2 s+ r$ f% l
/* request auto detection */ 6 P7 Z1 g7 Z# w% W
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
0 d* P* D) c7 T% \8 s' Q/ tint midx, midy, hj, vj; * P% S) ~8 o) {7 n: H
char msg[80]; . d* ~* a1 e- ^# G( ~0 V1 J
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 5 R) u( C7 k b& b% [( l* q1 U
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
: U: R, C' w5 a8 ~+ m& N6 U/* read result of initialization */
. k. l2 @: m! P8 r/ x7 C7 `errorcode = graphresult(); & W$ U. k, q" G
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
/ n2 H% G8 u0 n6 K- U2 d1 A& y{
# g$ F. a7 {9 E! ^0 e! l% ?3 F( ?printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); " j' J' B2 V! R$ v! N1 A
printf("Press any key to halt:");
5 a+ ^' u V! N1 ~* h7 ygetch(); # ?, T7 _! T. T& K
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
3 q1 w8 S( ~% C- }0 D} 
: ~. k1 i5 R8 C4 Fmidx = getmaxx() / 2; : [0 \* S( r5 K/ l8 i
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
6 m# C! K. ~! c! m/* loop through text justifications */
' M; q& r( b( U$ w; qfor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++) + E8 C c- T( g2 c: U$ h
for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
5 \" d' c6 d8 Q4 N{
0 Y( Y- y' P. P9 r0 C4 O. b) Rcleardevice();
) q" f K( Z" m% x/* set the text justification */ + a8 e6 \7 {5 e0 A
settextjustify(hj, vj); 
! X& \+ n$ C- r! H3 r) R R/* create a message string */
# t$ V/ ?/ S" D$ P6 J/ Z5 ?sprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 
" @, z. l9 X. H6 c/* create cross hairs on the screen */ # p7 d% k+ Y* _: n' U
xat(midx, midy); 
. V' ]4 r: G! J R3 z/* output the message */
# y# l- v: n4 kouttextxy(midx, midy, msg);
9 l/ V I" @! ], Fgetch();
' V( _; y# G' [: @# k} 
& z( E' G) I9 Q n! C) Z/* clean up */
+ j( M: F+ j+ N: T4 ]closegraph(); ! m2 H4 j# ~4 N; o
return 0;
1 j, ^# F. w: m" {} " B# K% X3 p! m1 X3 Y4 p
/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */ ; H- J+ g' o0 q( `
void xat(int x, int y) 4 a/ h7 Y) J% t/ ^' y9 [' O+ J
{ $ i% z% _, [# ]2 N" `
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); ; |# D9 T( F; t
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
3 b& v" w, f m' D: d! i} % @9 D- z( Q8 q" r$ p7 O4 P/ t
* P- J! p) n1 S4 R
7 g: g" S% H3 `- {5 Y
函数名: settextstyle 
- j# Q$ x' a; P' c9 ~" J/ X功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 & F' {3 N% n ?0 f2 f) r* y$ S( t$ g
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
4 c/ @1 Z/ @5 M5 B/ b4 d% y+ E7 {程序例: 
" N( v7 y# H `: S#include <GRAPHICS.H>
% Z4 B; r7 g& [7 M#include <STDLIB.H>
9 r, N( W9 K8 Z" t1 |, d7 C0 ^#include <STDIO.H>- n& V" I" e$ z/ U& e, @" u
#include <CONIO.H>* z0 L+ U, a f* `$ w- ]/ K; C
/* the names of the text styles supported */ & }6 q* u) j# i# J' |0 V, R
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", / S1 t/ `: z, W2 Q
"TRIPLEX font",
) R9 ~4 {: v" o7 ]0 N2 z- R"SMALL font",
" m- s- Q- e$ p2 C6 v. G"SANS SERIF font", - _; o# k( P1 G* ^
"GOTHIC font" + V; D! k$ c/ h0 {. ~8 ]
}; 
; D/ y f$ S% _% s& p# v5 qint main(void)
1 g7 u! i9 _- Y( O{
+ e4 {4 R+ |) ]; B, Z7 q8 N- S/* request auto detection */
: y$ f o8 z( d; S* i/ O( d8 Y! |int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
% p' \" [9 p8 M1 M; O" |, Iint style, midx, midy;
) J Y2 k- M: t0 R7 j+ A0 l E, lint size = 1; s) U( S$ u5 P6 Z! K
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
7 x3 t& ]4 `0 v3 T1 q0 w1 Tinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 3 J( ^6 R3 z& }
/* read result of initialization */
! f. R6 Z* |1 `, ?errorcode = graphresult();
2 ~, ?& {0 }$ }8 }6 ]if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
4 v( f2 B R: c2 J# H{ + {1 V& U$ R: J9 w ]' u
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); , d+ u" j' A& C1 |" E k
printf("Press any key to halt:");
6 c+ X& A8 F f, w2 _getch(); X" O. C! c' B3 u$ Q$ {
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ' a# t4 Q$ S) Z: q! {
} 7 w- T; b& t8 X& T: H* z
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
7 ? I7 q/ S: d" d" y/ y. rmidy = getmaxy() / 2; ; t! Y8 u7 b N7 r
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
0 c' B: H4 r7 O5 u$ c& J/* loop through the available text styles */ ; Z1 n3 H5 `: n F. f/ Y
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) * {, r7 E0 y& W4 z! f9 u
{
* R4 R" Q5 c: C. ?cleardevice(); 2 f+ n& D& m7 ~
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) . d# w5 q$ g* n! N d
size = 4; 
* b3 u3 x3 A* y1 B/ t$ G1 o" d/* select the text style */
2 B( F- |% I4 u' z" Nsettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); " a: w' ~6 K7 b0 J' q* A
/* output a message */ o- G( m* z" c
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
# [8 q3 O: ^8 xgetch(); 4 R: b) g5 I0 s" c G7 q8 ~
} & b! M) ~! t& y! O/ v
/* clean up */ 2 m6 U+ f) x. ]/ L. K) f
closegraph();
' v; s2 J8 E' `2 u/ nreturn 0; 6 x. I8 h# E; @) G
} & l( r D2 f Z% b8 J1 k* ^
3 Q* j2 N1 e ]3 h

9 m' F, \6 _: s$ X( f8 n8 T函数名: settextstyle 
) T1 ^9 y: v7 t: v, S功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
8 _9 s/ b$ G" l7 u, V' V6 X9 Z$ l用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); ) L$ \/ }8 }% N5 N+ ^
程序例: * N6 m, O& L9 D2 ]) m0 T$ |
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
( b r& q: _$ {6 V' l) `1 r: j0 n#include <STDLIB.H>
8 \5 f" s8 P- t4 C, h. [#include <STDIO.H>
& H8 f* u( O. [#include <CONIO.H>4 p* I/ {% ~! `+ h- e) K8 l
/* the names of the text styles supported */ 7 a! s% C: O6 }! \! J
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
) z- o9 q6 U/ t1 f"TRIPLEX font", 8 [# ?3 ^' s8 q. r, M- h; l8 ]0 o
"SMALL font",
4 n( {& ~7 _ S+ R, K( Q; I- l"SANS SERIF font",
( c' N. F2 U4 Z"GOTHIC font"
; a( S/ {# M; c}; 
* O0 R+ r! T! s$ q4 E0 [1 \) eint main(void) 2 J4 A% N8 _1 t6 y& H3 n$ G% D4 N
{
$ A) X- _1 v4 j- f8 C. O/* request auto detection */
' s1 R) l1 }8 D6 _7 \: q! Vint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ; B( Y9 q0 N, J5 T# g
int style, midx, midy; . i( L* N$ ], d) y y
int size = 1; 
, B Q0 z" G% H. d4 c/* initialize graphics and local variables */ * A; B5 P/ |. {
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); " v. {$ I2 Y- `7 A0 f" f
/* read result of initialization */
3 J% H" ~) s2 j perrorcode = graphresult(); ; M! K* j1 v) @2 D
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
% _4 y1 b6 q6 N$ R: g: ^7 y2 T b{ ) j6 V; _, T; z
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ( w3 Q! }% I1 G/ {5 k4 C* R' R
printf("Press any key to halt:"); $ S7 ~ h, n. Q& P) t' M
getch();
" P8 q5 w! i" d+ _0 j3 xexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
: x/ e# q* T" b6 k8 [( F, q$ x& @8 M0 c} * N4 w& g& Q' v: s3 ?% T Q' O
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 3 ~& s9 q1 U8 |- j
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ! D3 Y1 X/ j* `0 e8 j2 L4 l7 e
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
8 t: J+ ^; } Z& U" x' }/* loop through the available text styles */
% K$ ~ y3 o8 dfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) , l4 r9 s5 N: [# e
{
( I% J) `! ?; A. M6 dcleardevice();
" X5 @" \; K3 p. wif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
9 a* E7 L: E$ [2 a* Gsize = 4; 
/ s+ i6 L# h9 j. x6 o Y/* select the text style */
2 m0 ]3 B$ Q4 n; [settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 1 p+ x* D1 H$ Q" f
/* output a message */ 9 |! Q4 a8 a: H# o4 H$ J/ V
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
8 l: G6 j5 r% w9 G4 A) B; [; Agetch();
, q! e& Z# \! @/ g- X5 n+ ^} 3 t4 ^. K# q d; w$ |3 g
/* clean up */ $ {" N7 S- V2 t6 P! a3 U
closegraph();
, { M; M) u( S/ n8 o; Z2 Ireturn 0; + |8 z" j' I7 h, {( u. u
} 
3 X) z9 s0 P0 j- P' ^2 z: a
( S @) v' V, v3 f) L: e# p& A5 i5 u
函数名: settime 
$ s8 ^8 {" T8 D功能: 设置系统时间
6 g! h# c+ u5 J# P# r3 N |用法: void settime(struct time *timep);
" d4 L6 y# n# k1 O1 J. q" J程序例: / V* G7 F! s" G& n% q0 ?- \1 r9 W% L
#include <STDIO.H>' l/ I3 ~7 V: Q* l7 F
#include <DOS.H>" O, L" ]4 v/ L# `; i" ]
int main(void) 2 U4 T7 I" f; O1 r
{
6 a, l+ E: T8 f5 Ystruct time t; 
: b2 ~/ @7 s9 `+ ]# ~1 x/ agettime(&t); % H' R ?3 J, a) }0 c3 \
printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
5 y ?3 ? D9 ?8 z7 n3 _printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
" @0 H, A2 x7 M! u+ G. c* } l3 sprintf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund);
* W& E+ d; ~2 i+ Nprintf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
3 ]% s6 J: g5 u" Z$ w& A2 l/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
( K: S- a5 v$ c( D/ Pt.ti_min++; : c ~9 |6 s6 C. E
settime(&t); 
0 B! Y. N s' W0 Zreturn 0; 1 E C9 }( z+ O% U, ~& N) K; s" G
} & m% J2 J) p: A

- ~+ S2 r/ t* e' ]: p, s
. c; l) s- }, k$ `4 d& A7 p函数名: setusercharsize 
. T5 k6 @2 J1 J- c4 _功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
& q Z1 b: s& u" l) e5 C用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry);
8 Z ^" ~- \6 B- j( }/ q程序例: 5 P u& N; Q/ N. H; d, T0 ^
#include <GRAPHICS.H>+ j6 z$ i# r* K3 @% ?5 }
#include <STDLIB.H>7 G$ e, T- w5 s# A' P
#include <STDIO.H>
 o9 l$ N# M4 n+ k5 t#include <CONIO.H>7 e- T8 K! z9 [
int main(void)
9 `" K6 W6 B% i. e7 R{
0 l& z% Z4 g1 }# J/* request autodetection */
+ u K+ O: s! Q8 h1 ]int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; / T, u1 j* W' c# t& r
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 1 h3 @; X( z g7 q: v8 [$ X
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); $ N0 Z: C, k8 R e
/* read result of initialization */ 0 W+ g9 B/ J' |
errorcode = graphresult();
0 R# s- l- e2 t* n+ Nif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 1 T4 n9 M% q `. U
{
2 U& i+ C, E. R8 a- n$ Jprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); $ `7 K7 ~: q2 Y
printf("Press any key to halt:");
7 c" z1 a* B% A# u; xgetch(); 7 D3 Z1 B) [9 R3 ?8 g
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
2 h" I( w) a; {3 S b& B" c} 4 ^: J7 B5 P/ h8 d
/* select a text style */
; T5 J) T/ \1 J' tsettextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 5 c, U T8 M: G2 W' F, G9 y- d
/* move to the text starting position */ . J% J% n+ z. ]8 Q) s: V8 m
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); + z) M: I7 x9 G5 G* ?. L+ ^ p
/* output some normal text */
0 d% n2 a3 o9 h9 m0 d0 J% ?outtext("Norm "); 
2 `7 ^2 C' S! O( T( [5 R" G/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */ - q: [( }( o' W: w0 N& T
setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); # m" N1 p X) K
outtext("Short "); 
, M# d* h2 f J% x) c/* make the text 3 times normal width */
% v) @6 X, z, Q/ i' E. c3 L& ^: bsetusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1); 8 L/ p8 B U7 ~6 m2 H' T
outtext("Wide"); 3 n7 e% {0 b. J, i
/* clean up */ 8 W3 Q( e W$ Y3 J2 @
getch();
4 b* @9 ~. O+ Z! V5 Oclosegraph(); % e4 C6 H% n; m+ l' f) ^& l/ ~
return 0;
8 L$ ?: _# u8 Z. O2 |} 
6 z( ~- ~/ Y: M* Z9 m q& ]5 N4 b& G3 b( Q0 K9 c/ Y0 m
函数名: setvbuf 
3 {1 A" F- `9 @$ y5 X! H# J功能: 把缓冲区与流相关 G4 ?% f+ b" m0 _9 x
用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size);
6 U/ n4 W& s" [7 l4 x- h程序例: 1 M, N, s8 b P! \! ^8 v
#include <STDIO.H>- v% c" j, H3 A2 Y7 b
int main(void)
- J$ s' E2 |7 S- {: W{
+ u% v. c* E2 b# a) f+ Z% RFILE *input, *output;
# P1 h7 a6 z8 x2 k- vchar bufr[512]; * Q7 U) L- b' w. ]& Y% M5 A
input = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
! X* B# y: _) a. c/ @4 z5 Routput = fopen("file.out", "w"); : z, l# U' ~( F5 m$ i* G/ @
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, s3 u( A i7 W8 P0 z, S! o' r
using our own character buffer */
/ G ?, L# D3 ]6 c) |' aif (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
' y/ ^& L1 i, n( R) l5 sprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
4 n" M$ {" p! t R4 N0 oelse
% x% _# x# }5 U/ f8 Bprintf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
( W1 U4 z- b; U2 Q/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
0 v, X3 c1 l+ e' `# f8 |4 kwill be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */ ; x6 |, U3 [- _/ r2 e' N
if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) ; T+ j0 T; U- v) \( k6 W
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n");
# L, h q% B, {7 D, ^else
, `) p1 ?! a' c. A% Oprintf("buffer set up for output file\n"); / t! b4 Z9 C% C. I( a
/* perform file I/O here */ 
, [- p. K$ ?0 d0 y) q/* close files */ 8 b' V' g; G# @% ^; ]
fclose(input); " O7 Q- Q! W' P
fclose(output);
& U/ g! a& q7 B: G0 w, preturn 0;
( i1 D8 s" r1 k}
& A. c6 s1 m/ ?* ]4 ~' r5 a5 ^4 t
8 R+ [* g8 [" @3 I- q* Y
+ Y, t+ K) p- _
3 b; k9 t& N ?+ V2 l函数名: setvect 
* ]- a' \" X& m# U0 [" h& W% q功能: 设置中断矢量入口
' T) |; a6 p8 p8 Q% Y用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)()); 5 x. s$ R% c9 _6 V
程序例: 
* T. k. G# I6 U7 e/***NOTE: + M7 q' k' o0 K
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this
/ b: _$ Z1 l$ r3 @8 v0 sprogram with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable / g, c# c5 F5 b+ U' [
file which will operate correctly. */ ( n) ^2 J$ ^. S4 C, M$ x
#include <STDIO.H>
. @5 z) E2 Q! e8 [% Y7 m#include <DOS.H>4 }; H( Z/ y, r; l" A( M
#include <CONIO.H>
) n- G& m# r- v#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
 ~, M3 @0 J1 f p5 A# A" fvoid interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
4 ?* m/ j2 ^$ T# \9 tint count=0; 
8 z% f ? \1 l$ Lvoid interrupt handler(void)
8 @0 K- @7 `+ A% V* w2 |/ s{
* z B2 R6 e6 ^. C, i/* increase the global counter */ 0 K1 j, m3 Z, G$ \, W3 ]& i+ D0 v0 u
count++; 
% g8 q; T6 o2 y4 k @/* call the old routine */ 9 _# F+ z8 X* v' w
oldhandler(); 4 }: O2 `% @- ?# N( W. H
} 
! M+ u; g9 X7 C- Fint main(void) 1 e4 }! C: n8 d% b; }
{
' F% E8 x3 ?; _: |" q/* save the old interrupt vector */ 2 y* \4 k( t2 h
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 
. E. m. y) A3 ?3 K8 ~4 I/* install the new interrupt handler */ 5 o1 s2 g( }9 Q, H
setvect(INTR, handler); 
7 `" p, L1 K5 V( K7 D: {& Q/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
$ A$ L E( C' _: |, kwhile (count < 20)
, I& E: c. T* R( V- Sprintf("count is %d\n",count); % w2 g8 u# ]- r
/* reset the old interrupt handler */ , o# T& {0 u9 g* [
setvect(INTR, oldhandler); , J, L/ n6 X5 h! O$ H" f% P
return 0;
3 C' `+ g1 b1 v% A6 q( Q( x) u}
# p% j. i$ I: p' ^% m: M; A; u& q

; Q2 E1 K3 C1 U$ R. P- ~& W1 {6 n函数名: setverify 7 v" b e s. J# o- d" }' d! J
功能: 设置验证状态 ; p) u( H/ u1 A* Z$ W# g6 X
用法: void setverify(int value); # _5 V" Q$ A5 ?) k2 {) d! H% p
程序例: . N ^$ [) t! w7 h
#include <STDIO.H>- ^" I+ \% J, a4 h. C# O
#include <CONIO.H>2 c+ \$ J2 G7 F
#include <DOS.H>
- C# W" q: s* rint main(void) 3 M7 X7 r: Y# J6 g- M" F9 {3 k
{
4 ~: q% U; l# f6 X% Kint verify_flag; 
; ?; V( [( L, q4 s( [4 Hprintf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
" l, S$ n! Q1 d# ]1 eprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 9 f/ q# p( i2 B$ d2 Y& c: g: \
verify_flag = getch() - 0; 
# Q- x9 Q7 h M2 V A6 U: I5 zsetverify(verify_flag); 
) e! q0 g+ a4 d( e+ A; mif (getverify()) , h: G7 U0 h( D8 L8 Y. J
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); % F. i) `4 @. n
else
& m, F) c# p5 N: O. ?printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
: Q5 d0 A( h+ j% y& i: a! l' F- Sreturn 0; : r. a5 k9 V3 `. L
}
" |3 T2 ~, L( |. u- |, q/ F8 I0 L0 p$ P$ |5 d3 p
2 P) C& S$ U, [% |4 c; t6 o {% E8 g
函数名: setviewport " z$ s$ ~4 }$ \, G2 c: w
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 3 j e. O* x# `, _) a
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
# j, M' i1 j9 m; k% R# p' nint bottom, int clipflag);
5 p/ w* U; G$ r程序例: & o& @ D" w( \7 L! x- `
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
- D( n+ [( ?) b8 t! r#include <STDLIB.H>' H1 c( S _) }7 m& k
#include <STDIO.H>& h+ u7 s; H& E
#include <CONIO.H>
2 ~7 t% _) F8 p" @" f# F$ c5 }#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 5 X9 J+ ~, ]' z; n- F2 g2 Y
int main(void)
; n- y* y* j @: u" [& }* u{ - j8 C+ E+ k5 n/ P2 P9 D
/* request auto detection */
/ q% j: ^4 J ]. b& o+ N, rint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; * W. P% j9 S p4 \+ P* D9 t q
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
& \/ h, V7 @% ]% L a' \. tinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 6 L# H2 k$ G0 ^
/* read result of initialization */ 6 r! M, [2 p( v U
errorcode = graphresult();
! q" C( G9 c5 Aif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 6 E" }6 k; |6 \+ |
{
" z W% z/ m- X' Lprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); - ?$ s, N7 X. p! {' k8 F
printf("Press any key to halt:");
+ [+ t+ v2 A& j6 h* | Y2 {) Jgetch();
( O) f+ ]% T$ p- Eexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
/ a. m1 G& |/ g# z} 
& x+ j. U1 I- w9 w7 a2 tsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
2 ?, }: |$ c+ D: S/* message in default full-screen viewport */ ; @# Y2 I7 n; r: Y, @% V1 p$ h) e
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
! M3 v1 L# Y1 _5 y s# g/* create a smaller viewport */ ' F( w9 y. g( n2 q, P
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); Q0 B! j; N3 v$ ^# O
/* display some text */ * U4 m. A* K$ O8 U7 |' E) p. P: t# U
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 
1 ]# B+ V! W5 Q2 }5 Y/ U/* clean up */
 A( p# T. z! O% l/ Ugetch(); . k+ T5 w/ B9 h& `) N6 X9 h
closegraph();
1 X. t6 ^& E- F$ x1 p# S( dreturn 0; , Z8 q3 ]6 M2 q: X! a4 e1 d
}
/ T& U0 p: c* ]& x% `/ _8 r+ d, B2 A! E) R; Q: u) L' y
+ y% g) j1 Z0 [8 O( e/ p8 w0 H
函数名: setvisualpage 
 l/ `4 ~/ \/ y$ {) V5 `功能: 设置可见图形页号
* {9 n& e0 d' |! t5 M2 i' ~用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum);
+ v1 u* `2 w5 ?) f程序例: 
' w: p F! q9 }, r#include <GRAPHICS.H># z5 M, L; r) A' q: R
#include <STDLIB.H>8 ]0 `+ e; v' \
#include <STDIO.H>
1 W2 u; k# S; U9 `. V7 o" P7 [#include <CONIO.H># V# i" E7 g; \
int main(void) / K E, O2 j3 V4 t* k, s+ P1 _
{
% u1 h3 R0 S0 j/* select a driver and mode that supports */
2 c' s+ n' {+ H& k" _% W) \/* multiple pages. */ 7 f* k( v( Y; v
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; 7 f6 `8 G* n% K6 N; Y P0 x7 S
int x, y, ht; 1 l; K4 N4 K6 I" C7 |& f
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
, d; \! n9 |3 n* G! t* ginitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); $ W0 f8 G/ i$ ^4 L
/* read result of initialization */ ; w ?/ Z! J# _: G) S8 |" u
errorcode = graphresult(); J, m1 W: |5 J1 |
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 1 A, B* G0 n. J4 o+ t
{ 6 M/ s) n! v y h! O* z5 h* O0 F
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
7 O9 A: ~: P* f& W0 iprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 0 e4 O9 z4 b4 [/ t( {. W @' e
getch(); ! i( t8 Y! l# [: M2 @
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ * b1 p6 t& S. }/ |2 F' `
} ' [6 j0 A7 K2 l
x = getmaxx() / 2; 8 b5 E p; J2 Q9 g9 c; F7 ~4 s
y = getmaxy() / 2; 2 {1 A/ N* J, A0 O6 O4 F5 R
ht = textheight("W"); * X) K& }% y; d% A) |5 W
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
" o+ p& j" v$ i9 V: o9 Hsetactivepage(1); 
; [5 K. p; {) n9 v3 R+ }. ~/* draw a line on page #1 */
- I7 {* h# { A9 G8 nline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
# b" i) g+ S2 H' f. \/* output a message on page #1 */ 7 V% Y. r8 h5 D% \7 u
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 4 \4 K; [, X# l+ a# ~
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:"); : P, {6 P1 Y6 U! K1 u4 ^( G
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 6 G# o# I& t* v) J- l$ ~ h
/* select drawing to page #0 */ , i- l- L2 p& D" {8 y% A
setactivepage(0); 
0 _ D+ p6 [1 }4 o8 [/* output a message on page #0 */
$ u% \$ O- Q+ u9 q3 U2 \outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
% K, e3 f9 M" |6 Louttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
9 k$ d8 y. v4 G5 G. }getch(); 
5 e2 }. ~. G* J# h/* select page #1 as the visible page */ 5 G- x; v, j0 S: B% i- B/ B
setvisualpage(1); 7 L, n8 ?& u/ U, m0 ]# I0 H/ _9 }
/* clean up */
! k2 {! U) N5 ^getch();
5 e6 q2 F( F2 C7 Y5 p6 d0 bclosegraph();
3 `6 u" Q" _0 K, {& I# _! v* n$ Ureturn 0; 1 J+ M* j) `, D
} 
. v3 N- l' _ f6 G$ c, L- E0 l7 i/ \6 f4 s6 ]5 @

! @% j% k! ~# V) r- ?/ F1 l函数名: setwritemode ( ~6 C3 W1 i1 t, y6 T
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 1 a F& p( m8 s2 `9 a3 k4 `
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); # f1 H$ G5 w* [5 X
程序例: 
) L) ^* u2 x3 Z#include <GRAPHICS.H>; `) P$ P: Q0 M% h5 H
#include <STDLIB.H>
" U5 D9 G6 m V7 e6 h" n#include <STDIO.H>$ {+ K1 e' m t4 d5 f9 Q3 Y! c' x
#include <CONIO.H>: U% C Y7 x8 q8 D8 w; P
int main()
+ m" a) R- n5 N# N4 s$ M{
% p0 {/ E' `5 p) z5 ^/* request auto detection */ ) k* g8 x& M% c2 R! x* \. _" _) b
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; % A5 r$ f( l9 T' U0 c$ W1 X5 d
int xmax, ymax; 
7 O: @4 u/ J& y6 E% b7 Z/* initialize graphics and local variables */
. G8 g+ @( |0 q w( J: u% t4 hinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
6 S6 |" e7 p1 \9 \6 h% _& \/* read result of initialization */
; s& u$ V1 D3 {5 l* I [" l+ [errorcode = graphresult(); # J Z& A; d. M( {9 S
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ $ X4 i' r: ]& u% B2 T3 X
{ U5 q7 M! J* Z
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
- Q0 M' t! q. U9 c6 ]printf("Press any key to halt:"); 7 g( u6 c* L8 ]- c
getch();
/ \8 s+ _- s. @) r6 qexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
5 ]1 g7 {5 R) }) ` k} $ B* I* p1 E/ ~" h( B1 f) q
xmax = getmaxx();
6 k4 P8 x( O2 e5 Q$ x$ Pymax = getmaxy(); 
, c0 a: I9 ?; j/ t/* select XOR drawing mode */ / f: f: ~5 C0 ^, h0 Y7 E
setwritemode(XOR_PUT); 0 T0 V) w8 p5 G6 h5 D
/* draw a line */
- V, @% D$ Y' |6 a H5 c2 Hline(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
3 ]8 Y7 X8 U$ Zgetch(); 
$ M1 `% A+ R! n2 C' M( _' r/* erase the line by drawing over it */
# |2 ?8 n/ J) T# t3 F' g4 _line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); " O) I# T( s2 t' p1 \
getch(); 8 o1 }% |7 W& B
/* select overwrite drawing mode */ + L/ d/ ?" f9 J/ [0 f' t7 U& b6 S$ [, f
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); ) Z2 m' ?% d7 E2 a k+ b! v9 q" `& G7 Q
/* draw a line */ # {$ w! x! f! X* w
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); / q3 i$ d, z F( J% q9 Z; E! K
/* clean up */ & x/ s+ Y4 m# y @
getch(); 6 @$ G; u# n& d3 w( e
closegraph();
8 Y) S1 _% M) E$ @3 s- ]return 0;
, J, F: y# G. x- r} ' O, ~; n6 t( K3 j4 K
4 D1 D3 [/ g$ C& L

' w0 A2 n, f; {函数名: signal 6 X8 ~$ y5 j# ]3 l1 ~
功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 ( Z7 t( I9 b2 x' Z5 b }$ C
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname); / E4 U9 G; u( G& _
程序例: ; [- S/ H' o, p Y7 |$ J4 V
/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
8 r9 y. a; s' {/ [. [catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
' `1 g$ I+ F4 l' ~to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause 8 t1 j J1 r* z# n8 A1 I
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
. ~& o) j8 o1 Kdepending on which memory model is used. 2 y" `, S, G% O9 v& X0 }
*/ 
! ^1 f1 P; C1 |7 f+ q#pragma inline
/ I+ I d+ [* N( T: D+ i i#include <STDIO.H>
8 Y2 A0 q7 x/ f! ~+ Z#include <SIGNAL.H>, \3 [$ O! C& V& I1 f* M5 s
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
. {4 a( P5 a: Y7 C) Y{
0 H( O; Z" F. m. F7 `printf("Caught it!\n");
8 Q) X! k6 J# e& |+ `# D, a, {6 L*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ # f7 i0 \- x; x0 @9 P7 P; M$ `
} 
& T& p- m* F4 ]8 X- Gint main(void)
! `4 ~ p, P: I, `) ~( C{
2 M1 G9 F$ L6 k2 _8 x* g; Bsignal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
4 F9 b* s$ G0 Sasm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
8 Y1 @ h$ }$ {/ ?5 R, ~6 easm inc ax /* cause overflow */ " {; A" X4 I% J# H. s1 L( U) w
asm into /* activate handler */ 
 l Y8 O% r! ]8 Q, O- p w' a/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, + Z' s: v* G/ Y9 a' ^ ?8 \. B
there would have been another exception when the next 'into' - y s, N3 ?) W+ A
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ " q- w" w- E" ^
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
0 N1 W# s# A7 r. q# }, v5 _! k# ?asm into /* doesn't activate */ - a- `9 e( ^7 u5 {4 P
return 0; ; [* t9 I0 S, b
} , D m8 u4 f- i4 _' F' F# }4 I0 R

6 f; S2 |, S+ A
- t, e: V- X% N' ~
- P+ u" e6 O# Z9 [. K& L. k/ m函数名: sin 
0 Y h$ c, ~ e功能: 正弦函数 . v- i& y6 ?$ b+ ^/ d
用法: double sin(double x);
& ?& |, H z* {$ M/ U. b程序例: 
( P1 j, e0 u& ^0 H X. Z; u2 x#include <STDIO.H>$ q, }+ M6 U' K5 Z0 L
#include <MATH.H>- P' I& [: O- Y
int main(void)
3 g* X6 o/ h8 @{ & A# Y0 z1 k6 o, [
double result, x = 0.5; 
9 [1 P# ?% H! M' Q6 hresult = sin(x); " }0 m, C1 J" R6 S4 k
printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
( x& A) A# A. v: k2 w$ g Mreturn 0;
1 f: A3 u: w% x, Q* x} 3 f$ }) S8 r' I8 h
' g1 z) h* k- @3 S) g

8 v: b+ R+ f- P- R. D: y2 \5 L: T函数名: sinh ( A. z5 r) f/ r) j, J
功能: 双曲正弦函数
, _2 v( g" W3 h0 o" S& K) q; s用法: double sinh(double x); 3 i: \- S; I: {. O: r' T. I. X3 X
程序例: 1 A$ M& ~( h% R- b
#include <STDIO.H>
3 V" N- x0 t1 C* H#include <MATH.H>" z1 {; z! ~+ x" _& n" j& ?& r
int main(void) * a$ _& e$ O- d- h) ?7 u/ s
{ & v+ q9 d- n- _
double result, x = 0.5; 
& _1 a; n. {. C1 J) Y) ]( j! Oresult = sinh(x); ' x" o( R8 E# j- d+ z) Q: H
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
# c8 h6 l6 Y0 M+ m$ Sreturn 0;
% [& k3 g8 t6 _& {* ] _+ } u7 L} {. J- ^- O/ l+ a

; _$ J! P G) l2 b! w" `5 Q# \) Y7 ?6 E- O7 e

7 I$ `) Z4 `; E" K* O! @3 o函数名: sleep , n& g9 _% Z$ v: h
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 6 N' `, ]; C& f4 A7 S9 M" Y6 m
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds); 3 [0 A9 Y( U# W7 Z( o9 c, P
程序例: 1 K* r- k5 E! q& B; ^- J
#include <DOS.H>0 k- M7 B: z! A6 i1 w Y7 a
#include <STDIO.H>% h% n j6 c' S1 _5 g# k' H- O( a
int main(void) / A7 I9 ^" }! ?0 }9 r- X
{ - F# \2 `/ I2 x5 S4 {; o+ T" }
int i; 0 Q5 f7 [2 ~+ I7 Q5 R! c
for (i=1; i<5; i++)
1 k7 A: k4 Z6 A# k9 ?{
7 M: I n6 ~+ c3 I ?7 s! Zprintf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); $ D$ |& K. W: W, w( O+ A
sleep(i); 1 r1 l" Y7 j+ x# a% N4 `# T! s
}
4 j6 y2 W& s+ w N6 ]return 0;
9 X3 s3 T- D7 Z) \8 _} , R& a Y- r- ]# s
: T5 D& Y6 }$ v J0 ] c
$ k8 e1 ~: ]* W# L3 A* O
2 Z M% J b" U4 t2 Q9 B
函数名: sopen 4 z, }7 d% x6 n6 X; B
功能: 打开一共享文件
) E& J/ @" |8 _用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
/ z/ X# ]: }. q9 o% V程序例: " v6 C% ], s4 v0 Q |5 m
#include <IO.H>% ?5 a) c8 Y- u) u
#include <FCNTL.H>
4 I9 y. n* |: V) L2 e#include <SYS\STAT.H>
$ Y- Q% L1 m( O/ a#include <PROCESS.H>
' t% O+ z- y# s1 r6 E+ n" Z#include <SHARE.H>0 i8 `( e; N' Z, e& \! A6 l
#include <STDIO.H>
* y7 ]7 I2 x q8 [! uint main(void)
& t) `& [4 `: V- i0 @' h9 p p{ : p9 n0 w! E% `8 e( V: n: ?
int handle; + \9 w( W- E. m4 f9 N+ w
int status; 
 }2 }! u! ~3 E2 G$ T& ]handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 
* [ v6 E5 x) r! G! Wif (!handle) : z% ?* g' e+ D* Q
{ 0 r3 s& ^& u2 a9 V4 g$ H
printf("sopen failed\n");
! Q2 F8 Y7 b& m% a C* ?" f$ G! Fexit(1); * y/ r! N' [8 ^& |6 h9 \% q; z
} 
+ r4 x2 l2 [ _1 @- ]status = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
( l8 g) n. b7 r4 ^if (status == 0) 5 N3 M3 f; [" _0 \& l
printf("read/write access allowed\n"); 8 a; H) `; `. w, i( s- |2 L q! h
else
4 k8 \% C) T, y0 K! sprintf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
; p; `- {* C" D' F8 [$ u- [' W, Zclose(handle); ( H# E, A5 L$ b2 L; `6 \
return 0;
. u9 z0 t F* T- I" {) d# \5 \} 1 X( u' x6 _3 l; |6 D8 g& _* J

4 _7 Z1 H' w1 `: L
! n: ~1 ]( k4 Y" s
, a; w# D/ b2 p2 M$ x函数名: sound ; P9 t- [7 N7 x; y/ t, \
功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
3 w0 h0 h1 ?. M0 {/ E用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
" F( Z( m V8 K( \) o) D& ]; ~/ h程序例: 6 X0 p& ^9 J. t) o0 D/ _
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. 9 k. Q( L! H/ w9 R2 }9 d" q @
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ 9 ~( v- D* _& h% b ]) i4 O
#include <DOS.H>
! ]6 H' [4 p; ~3 i' @ f- Yint main(void)
" h, g, [2 y# \+ V{ I! M( ?0 q3 V4 s* ]3 l
sound(7);
/ C7 E% U+ ^) }: p: ~- S$ d6 Udelay(10000); $ q4 x! A% X$ |6 t ^
nosound(); & g, Y, \/ }3 a7 D- T' U+ y1 m# m" u
return 0;
+ B, L. J0 P: ~- |0 @3 D} 
, P- ~" f4 ^9 q' E9 F6 X; g M0 c3 M2 B
; f2 T5 O9 d" i
5 v1 C; ?6 P8 P/ c
函数名: spawnl 4 B5 B$ A5 ^4 B% s, w3 v- m' c; k
功能: 创建并运行子程序 8 l3 w: C ~/ ~# P# S$ x5 v# I. J
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 3 X- D2 h, n1 H4 ~' b
arg1, ... argn, NULL);
6 C7 {1 ]- K2 ~1 f程序例: 7 [2 R, P$ P1 Q% u. Z
#include <PROCESS.H>0 m& \* t) n9 q* Y' e# A N
#include <STDIO.H>1 B& }3 M) g: j: h0 G# J' ~
#include <CONIO.H>) n) w6 y$ ]2 C% g9 K* {
int main(void) ! ^3 U* }" {$ w9 e! B* w- q! t# j
{
# q7 b) \: n( f5 }6 V2 X4 k" P# Mint result; : T8 Z0 p! ?6 Y; m
clrscr(); # e! t/ x. d1 r2 R
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL);
# x, ], |' o) M; L5 C5 b1 [1 S% g, gif (result == -1) " x5 [; ~- K$ l( k
{
& u$ Z* Q; z" k2 P% i+ G l9 Vperror("Error from spawnl");
 ]% K8 @ P4 [9 k# P6 m* Dexit(1);
7 K4 f; d8 G0 N}
% y( ?7 T' ]7 L$ j; x! Greturn 0;
( R# g) K- J: u8 c$ d# c} 3 w, y& i0 ^' R" q( } N

4 C$ r% W8 R- f, J; j) T/ P7 H( q/ c5 A
函数名: spawnle 
) I8 p2 u9 ^8 w0 f1 P- e' d功能: 创建并运行子程序
( @2 Q+ ^8 \* O- {3 f Y. S用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
' `3 P9 |8 Q5 ^( J# q, karg1,..., argn, NULL);
- l2 I; P- V$ k1 m4 f% z- }程序例: 
8 F1 m- d) K$ B) k& ~/* spawnle() example */ : J- W& M# T5 k- m% }
#include <PROCESS.H>1 n4 r% y I; ]6 y: @( s$ F6 Q4 H9 u
#include <STDIO.H># `0 K) j( D7 u7 m
#include <CONIO.H>
; a. ]) K" _6 m# T1 _ s7 x7 dint main(void)
' | r& q- ?( D4 z, [{
% @! c# b; Z' t2 Z8 ^+ P8 P2 rint result; 
& i' s2 H8 W8 E/ Y' tclrscr(); % T5 @0 f; Y( ?, G/ H
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL);
0 X2 {/ O0 @6 @7 X: I# y* uif (result == -1) 6 I) Z" U+ {: ?7 J1 d
{ & F. r' }& r0 N+ ]! E
perror("Error from spawnle"); 2 f% R0 F$ {! J
exit(1); , y/ g8 J+ M. k' e; X: D! i
}
. y; v5 Y( r8 P% p$ C' Greturn 0; 7 {1 ?2 |8 W+ W% D
} ' T% K# ^* ?1 k4 S) a! g

' G" @* j1 m/ M. }* r7 l# p& m: z2 [; v% D- y) r
" t6 Y9 ~: A) w# Z" w! F- Y ^
函数名: sprintf 
% O6 F* K7 [' h( I' h4 w. f功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 & D6 [2 h8 D& V1 f0 J; Q* a
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); 2 [$ h; r$ \# Z7 U* ?: l3 Z
程序例: 
# U6 p$ d4 a) G @+ u' M1 @#include <STDIO.H>) W7 i9 |* C) X: J5 t
#include <MATH.H>: v2 ]- }; g6 v9 i+ S7 d, r+ C
int main(void)
6 T8 \6 G, r0 z D{ , f+ K1 B0 ]& f. {6 q- T( n
char buffer[80]; ) x1 f2 g1 M/ @9 T6 i
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI); ) i) v' A& s0 S; D8 x9 o0 i4 W3 }( s
puts(buffer);
8 `9 K; A3 |# l& M/ S; Q7 jreturn 0;
5 \- J* l$ p! w5 g}
" v L; j+ r* _6 c& ~3 T" g, Y8 ?( T/ V2 T0 z

% i8 [8 [) D3 L. c! L函数名: sqrt 
; A ~- J) m! P- c0 [4 e# _功能: 计算平方根 0 u6 Y3 k9 }0 E: O
用法: double sqrt(double x);
: W" W- U; y4 U; S5 F+ Q程序例: 
1 S1 u1 q5 v5 o$ b7 C#include <MATH.H>
1 h& @, U. x6 b. g#include <STDIO.H>: _ k7 ]9 r2 r! [) a0 U. h
int main(void) * \0 U- H; i) v0 F5 q6 m1 l
{ : G& w2 Y6 s! p9 u; ~$ k- G! T
double x = 4.0, result; 
7 t% f9 H- J% ?# B1 u: V6 w* tresult = sqrt(x); ) ]& E+ O' i* D: H
printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
 |: t2 r' [2 Y; Y$ o: ^0 `return 0;
) A: a4 a1 Z8 a} & _* G8 K3 F O7 X

& O+ G6 j- s" Q4 d函数名: srand + Y2 G9 J& }% f4 u4 H6 W
功能: 初始化随机数发生器 ; w' h5 v- E: \8 i( w* N6 k! x! w
用法: void srand(unsigned seed);
, ?9 p3 \3 I7 g( ? U1 I程序例: 
& m7 y% z2 i7 }: G$ Y#include <STDLIB.H>
 \; M0 X+ R* p c#include <STDIO.H>
; F8 L+ c4 x: H. `: ~/ a! z#include <TIME.H>
4 o; A2 z( B' [7 J# gint main(void) 3 n; Z7 y6 ?1 P2 v/ L- b9 _. y) @
{ ; W0 ^/ O8 k# w2 h1 ^
int i;
8 K$ {* }0 w% k# l" M4 a) j6 \time_t t; 1 ]- }) x; W6 n& n
srand((unsigned) time(&t));
3 U/ E) X$ s" |+ n% m( Fprintf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
4 a# w; e' g& ~/ Q% \for(i=0; i<10; i++)
" g! ^- l0 `- t' Tprintf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
1 A* b& {2 B% y5 d. j+ L5 nreturn 0; a; Y- c! T/ r6 e: R0 X; K$ \4 u
} $ c* Z" V) m/ D1 W; H9 i

9 ^; }: E/ Y1 c. W) e# o" f& d' l6 S% k( @+ U$ e/ |
函数名: sscanf 
0 R% c% l6 ~2 _0 C0 [& Q2 U" Y" a功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
; Z% j7 A `6 P1 [& @: U用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
0 `; J+ o7 h1 x" g+ u程序例: 
7 e: E: L9 E0 E" J#include <STDIO.H>
9 N, [5 s, s0 N, R9 v#include <CONIO.H>
2 n& S# ~* w" K$ P5 d/ w" ?int main(void)
3 G- J0 t( u- n0 t( b$ l: [{ 4 V" T3 y% i& }0 z9 F2 l
char label[20];
! B/ W, U t3 Z* q: p( F! e& bchar name[20];
1 X* ~7 K7 k- d* kint entries = 0; " G& J2 _6 z" J$ z @" a6 E; G2 G2 H
int loop, age; : Q5 W b3 J2 ?7 V4 v
double salary; / N8 ^! u6 |7 P* M+ d" t9 Z3 Q( f$ I
struct Entry_struct
& E, h7 N$ D2 H{ : h- h) Z* o2 S$ i0 ]! {! d
char name[20]; % ~' @' N9 e' A4 e
int age;
$ w( H+ K7 v1 M. r$ x% Cfloat salary; ' M& d+ K5 c5 f) d8 W
} entry[20]; ! ~9 f- w$ T- X% s
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */ 5 V K( L% B3 I- _2 b+ d& R- k1 x8 [
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); / H/ o2 l1 }5 q
scanf("%20s", label);
! z' ^ M7 ]& ]fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 9 b9 T/ c. v0 D r
/* Input number of entries as an integer */ ; m) ] P2 l. Z( m. P* Q, X5 P
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); ' u$ H7 c# u, n% u' u( \
scanf("%d", &entries);
$ @+ P& Z: I' ]: W& c2 ?7 Nfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
, C' u$ y* V+ Y/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
 J% w' z! z2 {* _for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
1 e8 G8 g7 h* n! e+ F( g4 Q1 ?+ ~ { 9 n4 {+ t7 f3 a- h# A) S
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
 A( E( d% B1 b! z( l1 |! vprintf(" Name : ");
5 g9 D) U `4 a- i8 u9 sscanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
- m# U: P @1 l7 v% _fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 1 f/ x8 e9 M- [
/* input an age as an integer */
" P, X) d- z& i/ Q( W8 Wprintf(" Age : "); 1 j1 Y; ?- P0 e) I1 {2 G7 L: [4 x
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
9 i" }$ k) M3 ^# T6 z) Jfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
) l: g1 @6 K% a8 F+ Q7 N; b& f4 A/* input a salary as a float */ 0 W8 [' a: ~# M
printf(" Salary : "); 7 \' T. w8 V9 S& e
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
9 {7 Y# \8 f0 g; T9 L/ ~1 R4 efflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
- x7 M' g! f- n- d0 ]} ' R0 t2 s8 \, J; v$ y! B
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
6 e$ I, t' D' w0 Dprintf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n"); 6 A" r q$ ~( p2 z( k: W
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); E' S: d4 X7 v6 t T9 k& S* B: i8 C

4 x* F8 p3 c8 e/* Print out the data that was input */ 8 y s3 M3 i8 U; p# B9 U5 [6 n. ?9 o
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
8 c; C# G* D& R4 t; \* F, L1 pprintf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary); 9 I D' x9 O! I$ ?( ~# Q( ?- |
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 7 E& J3 T" s1 G1 @ h
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) , l8 P( E8 Y. O: ]9 q
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
; F& {( u/ ]2 H/ ^+ f. T4 wloop + 1, / F. {' ^6 k& o4 j t6 f7 h. e
entry[loop].name, ; H" i" @7 y2 g, a. y3 h( ~
entry[loop].age, , m/ d- u4 s1 L) j" ?$ P8 [
entry[loop].salary);
" d: H0 H4 S( F5 ~- j3 Tprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
: a6 ~8 @( H7 R, ?, m! }! d, A' hreturn 0;
$ Z: |& h$ x* t+ j7 E9 v}
3 S9 q2 c. x/ k2 l; P/ `. x" u
9 f2 L5 P i/ \; ~' j5 _
3 B4 j' |% \6 ?函数名: stat 
, W7 d; a* B" |' t5 L+ b$ _功能: 读取打开文件信息
' J- T5 g* g8 Q/ @5 N F用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
2 R6 t M( c! i6 Z& c# x/ G9 U R程序例: % _3 W0 G) I5 Z( Q5 c# ^
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
% t1 [3 F- j' c( [6 [4 G5 ?& J#include <STDIO.H>& @" @' \4 g# C/ L0 {3 Y3 @. ?
#include <TIME.H>
5 H- m2 _# ]. H6 }6 M#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" 
- T- H5 Y- |( E% c9 `' L. P) jint main(void)
 {9 d' {' Z1 W1 r/ q9 D0 {6 [{ 6 ?- ?6 p0 K& n' T
struct stat statbuf;
! y: b+ N8 _1 `6 C; pFILE *stream; 0 b# u# l" h9 A& i6 y2 w
/* open a file for update */
$ ? _& \1 C. ]4 q. Lif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) 4 w! v& @# g$ f
{
 E% S0 G$ Z+ b, {9 i7 V2 nfprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); " r; b- ]& u1 a1 q. y2 z1 O2 u) g
return(1); 6 q+ t3 ]+ ~, s# \! k/ ~5 @+ a% s ]
} 
8 C7 M" S6 F9 ~7 s5 r( I/* get information about the file */ / K& M7 z( Y l# i
stat(FILENAME, &statbuf); / J1 M$ b7 ^5 q- {. [, l" ^
fclose(stream); 5 ?5 Z: n9 Z9 n9 ]
/* display the information returned */
' D+ T6 X8 K" q+ k6 b, o( `if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) 4 h7 @# c& R! b$ @$ w6 C# D2 f
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); . k2 L4 `4 q6 {! X: M
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
- k, d" j8 }; X& C E6 cprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); ; [4 s5 k( m% O% v2 v9 ?7 J
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD)
# u; {8 }/ z, i$ X3 T* k3 sprintf("User has read permission on file.\n");
/ V! _- |$ b5 O! `" Z, C9 Jif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
3 s$ q* N1 B6 `printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 
8 H2 Q& v5 P) t7 F- i2 Gprintf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev); / G8 {; n G& X0 U7 y9 O2 K
printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); 5 [! J" v: \# K8 a+ }; h9 Y) H; `; x
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
9 R1 @5 @; X/ v& P8 d4 g( K: t. {1 xreturn 0; - T! _# L9 ]/ {% w) y
}
2 L7 O: J6 A! }6 N6 e& g2 t7 R& S G3 x# I9 N3 W C. q
6 r, k4 M, U4 }) [' i

9 c' z& P8 l9 Q5 L/ b' b. i+ p1 f J函数名: _status87 6 y* y1 Y# ?$ h( B
功能: 取浮点状态
+ \$ K1 |2 d$ b0 G% I" l用法: unsigned int _status87(void); + ?5 e' i. }2 s: n' y5 P3 p
程序例: ( }4 K5 r y% Q, Q1 Z$ U
#include <STDIO.H>
 j7 }; n. e" w9 w: B4 Z) v ?#include <FLOAT.H>9 L) H. ? p) C' M1 d; @" k
int main(void)
 _: F! P; T* c2 ]! Y) c- ~{
: A3 x& H( n0 m. b% Lfloat x;
. E) N( `+ U2 h' [, s6 I u: M( Pdouble y = 1.5e-100; 
 t" D. l& D% N& w: Uprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); - j' S j/ U" e j
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */ x A2 p! ~, g7 W7 L7 H! K
y = x; 
 g; X( x8 i# j' M, C+ Wprintf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); 7 i" ]) i* {% c. k; s, I3 b
return 0;
- w( @5 t" ?# M9 h' `& m1 m' X}
% U9 q/ C3 b$ U8 l, H
: J( k: b/ U7 A) g; U; U; D
" n" X' Z; p$ c8 S# N. `5 v* s函数名: stime $ U% z: J# m4 [- u
功能: 设置时间 - i2 n* W! l) \# R4 z( q
用法: int stime(long *tp); % T# c* C+ v, \+ l$ z6 r
程序例: ( u C) ?1 W& b5 L2 y3 s3 O( c3 Y
#include <STDIO.H>- p( s8 c/ S& o. q$ `4 Z
#include <TIME.H>+ @, |& ^/ k. H& q$ a
#include <DOS.H>8 u* p& K& J6 N7 d
int main(void)
$ b2 L" l$ E- \" K. y{
& W; T: a: j4 y4 Q- dtime_t t;
4 }9 S- e, s* b- [9 }struct tm *area; 
% P$ O5 U7 \1 R; S( L( nt = time(NULL);
% k; ^- K* p4 uarea = localtime(&t);
3 Z) c6 }' ~6 @5 Dprintf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t);
9 e& [ {0 d6 R; }3 {7 Uprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); - F, n5 K8 m) h1 W/ ~
t++; % E7 i3 z; V5 j6 F; B/ M# T0 C6 t
area = localtime(&t); & p; F+ [ c( P: H
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 6 D* {. D, s# v8 x5 b" x% \
t += 60;
3 `- D" f! [9 I8 {/ O' [area = localtime(&t); * X. u4 o& G" p2 G) N8 h" G
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 8 q/ {6 v( R3 Z& I& ~# Q
t += 3600; 0 `4 `( w& k- H+ P9 {& F7 [: A
area = localtime(&t); - L$ T8 R! x7 V& n. y" h
printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); & L k/ Q; M; w
t += 86400L;
5 ^! l) ^0 b% z& K: m" W- rarea = localtime(&t); l1 H. B7 h6 @. o2 G) E9 L- J
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); & w/ w4 W3 H! {1 b
t += 2592000L; * o: R7 b' e1 O, [$ U
area = localtime(&t);
! G' N4 Y1 }0 q, eprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 
- h( ` A- T3 G. tt += 31536000L;
: z1 Z5 d( G& u) }2 Sarea = localtime(&t);
2 ?3 N. n' Q; F+ Rprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); ' B( S' B, r4 @+ Y2 D- }
return 0;
; J3 W- j. l" N9 F" B# L% Y; w} ' \7 O& _& b8 r" v! G: X8 X ^

* O; t" L+ R5 E7 ?
, \6 h v# @: X K& m
( P# O1 t | @函数名: stpcpy 
) o, i. i# B! b( @* @9 }: j" l6 E功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
5 C. B! v5 T N3 {' J: v5 h0 @& q用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); ' U3 M" N0 Q# h/ w0 E7 i8 r
程序例: 
& p8 o% G6 N, v( x0 w, c' r#include <STDIO.H>
% O- F% e J) C" C#include <STRING.H>9 b2 T' a$ I6 i5 [" k _
int main(void) 7 n- Y$ P- A; z5 t" M/ Q" C* _
{ / _4 t5 v; a v; W$ p
char string[10];
- G( y5 Z$ v, N. D9 ^) q5 C- Vchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
& Y) W; ]. s4 ^! k5 Ystpcpy(string, str1); : W! y0 w9 t: L# f9 w% v# w& u
printf("%s\n", string); 4 D: M/ P. f! f% `$ x
return 0; $ w4 Z8 u8 B) u& r2 C$ }0 x
} 5 G2 L# i r+ H Q7 x
5 u+ r( T9 c2 V* r: }- H! b" R
6 y# X9 ^; A# C
# I% ] H$ k: a9 |1 y
函数名: strcat ) O# c9 H( n: o$ G% O
功能: 字符串拼接函数 5 Z: N. R6 K6 j& a
用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
6 B4 }- E$ ], k- T程序例: ( H8 g2 s A$ D4 B
#include <STRING.H>
' ?) T' U# [. k4 g m$ k#include <STDIO.H>
2 D1 P0 ~5 Y( r- I7 o2 ^int main(void) 6 S6 X% t" q% g1 ?8 Q7 E
{
, n O# w, v8 o! g! a$ b0 J4 fchar destination[25]; - X3 J7 F* g: D
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
# K5 W+ u& b# y4 W" E% v9 q8 Dstrcpy(destination, Borland); 9 o5 k! o: f! K: M
strcat(destination, blank); " F: z% s+ m# b2 P
strcat(destination, c); 
5 x" [0 f" U6 v) H: _- f! Pprintf("%s\n", destination);
8 |% [, j6 P5 F6 @) n( G- jreturn 0;
: _0 x" D, R" I E8 M! S7 V1 W} # \( H4 A) H, O7 E6 Q9 W0 ~' s

! Q& O$ E, g) N2 R% J1 O6 }
! X! l" X$ e$ r9 `
 C8 K. f* t6 m3 c/ J. O函数名: strchr , J6 i) a9 R$ _ }
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ % `0 n4 g! }$ {+ W4 t
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
- j; t: x, M4 G5 i% Z4 @- J/ d程序例: $ u! R/ C! b3 h" H4 d) m" R5 M
#include <STRING.H>
9 I1 Q) u3 T: g) C; H! g: o#include <STDIO.H>
( _/ W2 ^& o* q7 f0 {int main(void)
/ }2 Q( l Z' ?7 @$ H+ k( f{ 1 y, [% ]9 [$ c, [3 {, R
char string[15]; & M' h. \: f+ G* ]- }6 n
char *ptr, c = 'r'; : w( I5 x3 d+ @. l1 m+ n( n, M' |
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); / C# v x. _# y( w" ~& v r& t1 e
ptr = strchr(string, c); ( m: d$ @4 n" L( {8 t$ T' @
if (ptr) 7 P8 U$ _# H. A/ s7 A* E' H
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); ~$ }) f4 T- N! k
else # j( V% B6 }$ H x5 G4 E
printf("The character was not found\n");
$ r* m7 v7 u3 _/ x" z3 @& kreturn 0;
% \5 ^4 ]) S- y( S}
& _6 O2 [0 g9 ` O4 |6 P5 {# q
! p- x& o Q; y0 {. M/ q. u. B; D3 u, O# e# N: i9 N: Z

8 r4 C7 B* T$ ^. M9 [函数名: strcmp
% `6 c3 {; n- l2 I% a功能: 串比较
, q3 E: ^- ^ }. c用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); ; d* T: J u: I: V g! v- p7 L
程序例: 
% |7 i; D9 }3 b#include <STRING.H>' H1 ]& A5 F- X
#include <STDIO.H>5 ~, r2 Y- B2 y c# y
int main(void) , T1 t1 J h: ]; O
{ ]" G) J! s, j( t4 s
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; i" ]" o3 C9 o* Y
int ptr; 5 A# G4 g: N7 {0 z4 D% T
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
! `9 F' { H+ x- A( I, g. Zif (ptr > 0) 9 \! X$ ]5 |. v* R4 O G0 l9 V
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
/ n7 _- V& {5 C B" N# [' Zelse
6 n- z [, P- a( F+ U4 W, Kprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); : ~- R- f5 y/ ?4 ~
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); ) k" D4 C% ^- O3 Z
if (ptr > 0)
4 {" T- K$ Q$ _/ E- p( a! Bprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); ' R# O8 Z* V1 b0 _7 d, `! I
else + d' T" W, U* a' m5 I
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
 T# _+ H% ?* v' u6 Nreturn 0; / x: x. s! D8 ]' Q! z3 T1 _
}
% T$ A7 {: g Q! a: Q) o0 i6 [! E3 D) i; Z

! a" Q C7 x+ O" x0 a6 Z2 }# @) `4 [/ d, P
函数名: strncmpi - ]0 b, P7 A9 m
功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
9 U, `1 X7 e& o用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
! R# R" {( u9 ~. m程序例: 
; K" L) g8 }9 W7 i; f x" g#include <STRING.H>' x) {& B- p& ?. Y5 U. f
#include <STDIO.H># r5 S, K8 I: F! R9 O L; l
int main(void)
6 |8 X& a* J+ t. Z{
6 \1 p' O4 B3 Z" M0 \char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; + t: v! ^0 g/ A7 u4 W) r0 [
int ptr; 
# I" p$ r- K1 m: R; b0 \3 L" `6 Nptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
9 Z, J0 F8 c0 o4 _% }) Tif (ptr > 0)
5 e) ?8 V+ m: xprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
1 F: _* q: g3 B& Yif (ptr < 0) ( {" X6 b; Y0 L \! \0 m* P
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
; V' Z$ I& C& E. Y& }, I1 Q0 Qif (ptr == 0)
- E5 o# r% `, q$ E" D" V/ sprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
9 {# a r- G3 ` n3 P; @( Treturn 0;
+ ^" F0 o; r* V, J8 h2 R6 \' w} - ]( s& J7 k- @- I- R! K) X0 \

* H4 g) p( y( u8 C$ e ?% e& C! R! m J& K3 |

& D; u" f$ L- U1 i! s) n+ @函数名: strcpy : S2 }- x5 P! u
功能: 串拷贝
7 ?$ z8 ?3 C# ]用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
9 e: u* a0 R7 U程序例: 5 H6 n. [' u) k( ~( m+ d. p6 Y
#include <STDIO.H>
! N& Z# G7 M3 ]7 l4 e& N: B- n Q#include <STRING.H>
' T( w6 b f& o! xint main(void)
7 i( _1 z+ J' r4 d% K; c: s1 L{
9 f- y' }/ h J6 w& Echar string[10];
' x1 }: b2 F( ?5 a0 @char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; : }5 W* y, t9 B3 f* z
strcpy(string, str1); , M* j. l: H1 l
printf("%s\n", string);
1 ]4 U3 Q4 H3 ~9 h8 @3 }" Ireturn 0; 5 b5 i4 i2 q& O& Q' m) B
} 8 J% C! r& @3 _
3 T7 U, `5 S1 P' X& K+ L

; S5 c( j) x2 l" O/ M& z c0 q+ Y( ?: R" Y. }9 n
函数名: strcspn 3 C4 o" |& r/ K8 g( s+ Y
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
: t) C- E% m$ T4 k; ?用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
2 C5 s8 Z( A: U; z7 M! m程序例: % M& E+ p- y4 R' |7 [$ q. [
#include <STDIO.H>
/ Q. O; P: M7 A2 g+ Y8 x3 z$ K1 ]2 }#include <STRING.H>
1 H/ L7 V9 V0 m9 y2 \6 y#include <ALLOC.H>
9 W+ p4 ^1 m, k/ x+ e# \& H8 @, bint main(void) / w r, S' I& @4 E" a1 Z0 ]
{ 4 T1 Z, y: U# G1 [! P5 \
char *string1 = "1234567890"; & u! D8 [; k$ ~; `- W N7 `
char *string2 = "747DC8"; & u" O; g' h1 s( i1 b
int length; 
4 K$ @4 e" U! x, A& @length = strcspn(string1, string2);
9 X* c) ]/ @ z3 W8 L& Q" @printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); ( P7 H; k" D7 w; ]
return 0; ! `, P4 x: c$ L* p
} ' S% b# B' B9 Q9 J4 a1 Z& W @

8 c! O" v' x+ [( P. E# q0 E
! `" z, W% g! b' t# t: J( r) R e6 P5 l8 |5 H
函数名: strdup 2 e9 i S z* V2 ]8 R
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
! A) [6 @/ z2 m用法: char *strdup(char *str); 4 u* L! i6 F) [
程序例: ; Y; t( l- n/ \7 g
#include <STDIO.H>
+ h+ `* G, j. D1 V) S#include <STRING.H>9 Y# N: l3 x1 H5 K7 h1 @& _8 M
#include <ALLOC.H>' u2 C' @: ^) X. E. E( `# S
int main(void) 6 o3 s* M' w- J2 W
{
* l9 u3 a$ u& ] e# echar *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 
/ A0 [: K: j& |$ b4 e( u- B- Ldup_str = strdup(string); & B& y! G& K8 q; I. e! k
printf("%s\n", dup_str); + N# d" R: D5 |/ p
free(dup_str); 
7 }. {) @) _6 Wreturn 0; ' D( ]% U, l R$ o. L1 |5 p, ]
} 5 Z" V+ Z C4 E' T7 D O, |
 R& J) n2 Z. ~1 T
. g9 R, A+ Q8 z/ W; Y% @
* @$ g. z c9 ~* H
函数名: stricmp 0 w( u I2 _* J7 [
功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 ! {3 x! |: R3 {$ A, l- z
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); ( u' o4 p. V4 I* b3 _5 f% f8 W
程序例: 
( {3 N( ~2 x& g. s1 Z#include <STRING.H>: A5 U' V* u# q
#include <STDIO.H>2 ~! q2 \* D2 ?" j- l, F
int main(void)
; L: }6 f6 C% b# c# f{ # y8 }$ H; p. O
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
5 Y6 s$ b: a \int ptr; - D$ f6 ^ Y: a8 k
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
& M* ?* e! n) V4 Y. N4 Wif (ptr > 0)
' |. T j9 P5 W: M9 s. ?/ d/ N8 t6 Tprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
, d& M2 I: N0 B' S" s; J, {if (ptr < 0) 4 }4 t. P2 r a- h% O! L
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
3 N0 S$ P( C' t z3 I6 W6 mif (ptr == 0)
, w& [; M9 q- P7 v% Iprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); % l4 |6 @3 J9 m6 ^- }
return 0; * P4 O% k: e2 V+ }/ ?
} & d5 z5 N4 q& C% j9 X

( P+ a) X7 F' r' w* {4 U' ^ n6 Q, q) N
函数名: strerror & y0 i* z1 L; Y( Y
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
+ l0 O2 y) P8 }$ ~% ?; d2 |用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
/ _& Y+ D( h" _# v程序例: 
+ m O3 O- N$ a q, g7 B' l! N#include <STDIO.H># ^% ` r2 K, [9 L& `
#include <ERRNO.H>9 W9 S. ^3 K/ ]. o8 l2 f8 F: m/ h% U/ {
int main(void) : H, ~4 ~! f7 ~2 r% g- W( x1 E
{
7 e) s- t2 [0 `% f; [2 Cchar *buffer; $ F* N4 q$ }; ?9 _( d1 z+ H0 Q
buffer = strerror(errno); + W; c1 I; j# s8 t' e
printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
9 B- b. [, L1 f) z) y7 G5 freturn 0; 5 i. n; G' t5 ?2 \3 A6 d
}
; {* H0 N8 B2 Y* r* n+ P( ~4 P
( d$ [% N2 ^. F4 _- |% m+ Z, e. [% x/ P; E" Q* g- ~# d

; k0 z2 ?+ f0 R8 {% Y1 Y# B2 Q7 _! N函数名: strcmpi $ c$ T5 s. j; x/ H& F
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 6 e4 G, Y7 m" t7 F2 g# _) w
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2); & N$ Y1 n* Y+ G } j3 e# w. q
程序例: : L" Z, X/ L, A& C+ K
#include <STRING.H>
, k( t9 m. O0 l Z1 W- L' M; d#include <STDIO.H>2 B# m0 k, j- t: ^
int main(void) 4 }, ^& R3 }0 E* u8 K
{
. V X5 t" x e. Kchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
9 e" d: T i# I' n s1 Bint ptr; 
" w, p+ G1 r7 C$ M/ J/ v$ hptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
6 b6 o2 r% p# ]9 ]if (ptr > 0)
+ [0 C2 ~+ w8 E2 S) vprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
* G) R9 e. L; u' c7 Rif (ptr < 0)
0 D6 r7 `2 L: L: M) W9 uprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 7 |& J) y- s9 d+ K: |! Z
if (ptr == 0) : |' V: G1 P2 A+ I, z
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); v0 {/ y6 a* Q \+ S
return 0; % m2 ]- l( Q5 ^1 }0 Y. F
} 9 P0 H* g& }% L4 m f

6 l# `2 ?2 r: n) b& k- d: T/ y; M+ a5 k0 C8 Q( u% M3 u/ g

& }: p' k4 M. A& t函数名: strncmp - C) X! C2 A: X* n+ w
功能: 串比较 4 @0 e2 z" |4 b. ~) o
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen); 5 n3 _3 S3 O) l! h3 B) \
程序例: # U& d% @4 U& ?
#include <STRING.H>4 [+ C# f/ v% E& g8 P
#include <STDIO.H>3 g2 _) a4 K( V/ W- g+ H, H
int main(void) 
0 d4 h5 i& ~4 ~, L{
+ T8 K9 F9 B- q; d) p1 o. Y3 `char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; a6 I; C4 d! W6 G) g6 c( k$ v
int ptr; 
$ V( L/ _. W; T ]3 w/ jptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
8 m3 q" j$ Y7 Z' \if (ptr > 0) # e8 I* c+ Z+ m* K! c, a
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
* D1 o r' X) @( Telse
( g' X4 G# F$ r l+ aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
+ |) ]1 A. m/ G) I7 Uptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
) l# w9 l6 y9 Z, v3 n7 x; xif (ptr > 0)
; K$ M4 o' u' Y# W5 Q( k* Bprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
& ^" |. ]: \' Z- relse 8 c R7 z: e% `7 u0 q; x
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
& w2 i0 @7 d) Nreturn(0);
: b+ o' B: c) q0 W} ) K9 [% ^6 A2 O# x

' [- T$ b- \8 h2 `5 N; k
" D, p7 g6 }* [1 q$ U函数名: strncmpi 
# |; N& _8 H& c) h功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
5 R/ E' U* D0 R7 u用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
! T2 M7 J1 i# F) j程序例: - ^: p8 T1 M9 _
#include <STRING.H>% B1 t. o# I" M: [3 i
#include <STDIO.H>- B: g- y5 X7 b5 n' g3 T( F
int main(void) ; x) L4 d* S- a/ ^2 ^+ A/ F9 S) D
{ ! w7 T4 H. K5 t8 L+ ]" I* J& f
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; / B) f: v, P' o, O# h
int ptr; 
" o4 @% Q. n1 g) x9 Lptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); " v! h* j5 G# @( ?
if (ptr > 0)
* ~9 z+ O1 i/ W& hprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); & {# U) V0 J6 x7 p
if (ptr < 0)
8 b& z: E$ s; t6 \8 sprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
: g- G( { o3 |, c" _) z! R: d6 Cif (ptr == 0) 1 f' D5 i1 O9 p: v; \+ P# V
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
2 ~; _, p7 M0 \3 \9 m5 S0 P* `return 0; 
4 Q* C, J, Y5 m1 n+ P}
: H* D1 }: W! {' V
6 a' _$ O8 G6 P# s- W2 T) ~; f" A9 Q" W( _
函数名: strncpy 
) ?2 g7 X7 Y& J2 [1 D! j4 z功能: 串拷贝 . f( D6 w1 D' W4 z% r( w# n
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); : [/ q, C1 F w9 l8 q
程序例: ' e, B" W( ]5 s: E( s
#include <STDIO.H>
9 t/ f5 v4 J% p; r! l#include <STRING.H>
3 E+ q4 }2 p+ L. Z$ l* y2 Bint main(void)
/ s) S' A% y6 m& t0 `' A{ 5 S) t/ R# A/ s; N! w
char string[10];
5 G! r) B+ N4 A8 n: Rchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
* O8 \" B& M' A9 kstrncpy(string, str1, 3); % u' m. f1 X7 X N
string[3] = '\0';
! @6 E. ~: g( r+ T; n) `2 C: uprintf("%s\n", string);
8 P1 U' Y: D1 a2 x7 ~return 0; " M9 E' V* H: u7 Q
} 8 k7 ]* W! m; q2 y
9 {, a/ k: a2 [/ h2 d8 P
% z% l( \8 {- Z
函数名: strnicmp ( _4 U Y) l7 r. F8 r
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
$ N1 q+ A9 w0 ]8 v* ~用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); 3 J* r1 M6 T# ]1 x0 I' W
程序例: : V; K' q0 s% F3 G6 w
#include <STRING.H>
1 N [, U6 Q" G#include <STDIO.H>* E/ i4 d0 K# L0 m
int main(void)
, h" B: K% P( K) W+ ~{ ! U1 h6 U- @; w, f+ X
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; 0 _/ R6 y" B: t
int ptr; . t" L8 y$ y8 a. n
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
6 |3 R. m0 r/ ^8 Sif (ptr > 0) ' J8 t0 J7 s8 F @3 m1 U/ z
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); $ r5 m( |1 H5 M7 ?/ d
if (ptr < 0)
7 d# {5 W+ @+ x# wprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
* x6 o1 |, w- B0 T- k; g/ mif (ptr == 0)
5 q6 c) E+ f& Y1 T; |( V& T0 nprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
' x s/ ~' j6 {( Zreturn 0; ) {# m/ a" Y: U5 C; m7 n1 k
}
7 E- p" J' m |4 F3 v" E% ~* |! C8 S) t3 x9 F( I' M: G" @
( A9 ~ b1 A& v5 I9 R' \+ s

: V. k' B1 u* d( A函数名: strnset 
0 {& i) e6 Q6 x J% D功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 : c( h) K$ ]( o( d1 J* U4 V! c
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
/ i; L- r% }5 N( ~ F" S程序例: 
4 q3 p7 p3 a6 d! {* t3 v* z#include <STDIO.H>% e3 L0 b4 X. a6 O. Q
#include <STRING.H>5 L) N; [8 w* K, Y! G
int main(void) & k5 P" ~6 _1 `1 [
{
, c1 @/ J9 i4 Zchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 6 y3 x, ^8 h8 j7 I5 G- U# q/ o9 F
char letter = 'x'; + E' I6 ~% @6 k7 u G
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
) T; K. U6 R9 ~( a' istrnset(string, letter, 13);
$ ~# Z/ N8 m8 vprintf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 
9 z2 W' f, t; ^: F, Breturn 0; ! b; p5 S8 j7 R3 }+ t) @6 ~
} % j: i% J& l+ a% G$ ^- C& X

* | ^6 D3 k8 R/ D% E. y7 {8 ]) E5 V+ F1 i# m+ `
函数名: strpbrk % w% N% p5 g; V+ w
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
1 @0 @: W) Z$ b: x- f. b用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); 7 t! f9 \4 D5 @" J- y( |) R. A, ~
程序例: & F+ y9 U' @; L( h+ ?
#include <STDIO.H>% p0 X, Q* |5 B1 E
#include <STRING.H>
! Q# O9 g. Z* M q! ~int main(void) , c7 f4 r; w& O+ d( t' C/ c
{ $ j2 B5 C0 C4 n: V) X% x( |
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 9 C; L' D3 [- K0 K' `6 P0 e
char *string2 = "onm"; $ s+ Q/ j6 ]: t/ ?4 S
char *ptr; 
8 a+ W3 c3 G+ i; ]9 u7 kptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); + D& t/ {$ P5 V: r) M- @9 O0 u. s
if (ptr)
$ G3 Y( B7 B8 I6 m" F! Bprintf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
6 }4 ~- C0 Z# {/ _. L& B5 Q5 A6 welse
4 c: ~" p( d7 v* L E5 c) y! ?printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 
) |; N% Y7 y4 u- {return 0; ! H: e( z8 c- z- ^0 E. F7 ?4 ~
} 3 a0 o$ L% j2 `1 G) Q
+ E0 L/ L7 C* U7 E! }. Y# |

0 `0 @1 w. h/ G* Q) ~! M# o4 o5 C3 F( L" O
函数名: strrchr 
; L: q$ z8 G& Y; x6 |$ h功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
% U9 C6 z: @" p7 x6 X0 }用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); 0 a: K" m) F7 O& Q: u7 w
程序例: + R. Y' t I" R
#include <STRING.H>/ @* z9 A% u" R9 A
#include <STDIO.H>7 W: A8 i$ b0 p4 P1 q' Z9 G9 p
int main(void)
) S [4 Z6 @3 A{
% A$ T% t4 _! A7 K# bchar string[15]; 0 x, q5 d, ~' U; i t K
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 7 s6 Z& O! a2 O7 L$ k, V# S
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
5 U e& \/ n r7 u* L. \ptr = strrchr(string, c); 4 c- W2 }4 y) i- }% s* u
if (ptr) 2 M8 j! M' U9 b, o3 q1 c
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); * H7 I0 C5 ?% V) G: `# i% }4 |
else ! l$ [2 E6 @# @
printf("The character was not found\n"); & u) j* H1 D9 Z+ A
return 0;
8 S- B9 |% @/ I! y5 F} 
7 b1 ~% j& ~* K2 d2 x. G2 d7 q! b6 ~! D# z3 f4 X

# @1 q+ l0 q# S: _; g/ G9 E* o& O( B' h, S" I5 h, S' U9 J
函数名: strrev 
3 `) K5 s2 I; Q" a- t: i7 @& e功能: 串倒转
* g. P. k% f' Q5 |+ u用法: char *strrev(char *str);
" O" A) e% v+ F" u程序例: 
* Z- o8 @" L8 s! R3 q2 }#include <STRING.H>; ]. {5 E4 f# j9 {/ ]7 C
#include <STDIO.H>% m) {$ n+ o. g) L0 e) w& C
int main(void)
) k: [# w2 x" l{ 6 U1 X# w2 t: i/ x9 h0 \& S
char *forward = "string"; 
# s) E# n5 e4 R3 T2 \6 pprintf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward); % y% i# k( c V i2 U8 r; N- W
strrev(forward);
2 |+ H) z9 v, z1 R3 }+ C# ^printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
+ l. G* G+ ?, t2 F# {return 0;
6 l# I, y, {5 A& `/ _5 \' ^) f5 n. V3 g} W! V' R8 V( G, M7 f

1 V5 P& {' l- p5 }& w; R- I6 d+ g. T函数名: strset . U8 L9 q4 |. e# B: d I
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 8 C7 A) U, i' Q* R. S) h0 h
用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); % z0 f' r* |) _+ {( e+ o
程序例: 7 F b, D' G F6 M* e) ]# V* r
#include <STDIO.H>
: S" ?* m' P5 @/ t5 u#include <STRING.H>, c6 Y1 P" T7 `. G
int main(void) ! M/ |- ^) i/ |7 o+ M; A( Z
{
; |) r( ?( F) L8 C* G) vchar string[10] = "123456789"; ; n2 E, v2 h9 u: F
char symbol = 'c'; 0 Q8 J( E) y# z% u. Q* r
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
; j3 O! @1 o' Z1 X# i* [( {strset(string, symbol);
* `; M3 R# P$ e4 S) t( d, F6 wprintf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
6 E1 h/ k, T# ^return 0; 0 ~' `% @ r# g& U9 M
}
9 ~1 Z0 @, n$ q! D
1 t$ ]0 v2 l" B7 K; V7 F: ^; ~, O" ~1 n

4 z1 [. \: T. Z5 I& r7 \/ D函数名: strspn 
2 h" v0 v" _* }0 {5 }& k* z功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
* a9 {# U5 t: Z3 t2 |" M用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
% y" ^& ~3 z: X3 d( @程序例: 6 L7 n' q" m) }5 o3 R
#include <STDIO.H>
2 f8 o% l! W/ U( W+ v$ u#include <STRING.H>
; V |; v0 L9 C" {#include <ALLOC.H>3 D. a( P# u' ]6 j! q
int main(void)
+ v4 e* c2 b7 s, S( s5 o{
8 A- W1 ^% C7 H& t$ @" z( D- Hchar *string1 = "1234567890"; 8 L- @3 M/ y* D" H0 r7 G, }
char *string2 = "123DC8"; * Z) N" S1 M2 @9 m
int length; 
9 r. t% {4 I5 W: v O( {+ dlength = strspn(string1, string2);
1 S( l( K ]& H9 L8 rprintf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); 9 n7 m8 ]; O' ~! z8 ]# k1 O
return 0;
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! w( g' n }" D+ W: }# O8 _函数名: strstr 
+ u ]( |6 e b功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 # Z& o+ ^+ }, i
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); * M& y' x4 ^* f/ {/ `/ R3 o% Y# f
程序例: + T Y0 k8 r& ~, o S
#include <STDIO.H>' t0 o: i6 y" B) Y1 T: W% q0 G
#include <STRING.H>
6 D5 n* p6 E% oint main(void) 1 y9 N' ~ a4 }- C
{
 |# K. {( A/ ^) Lchar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
; l3 _+ E' _ W$ i6 r7 t6 _1 Eptr = strstr(str1, str2);
# m" n0 t, i! N& Dprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
* ?* q4 k5 I' E# O5 C6 D7 N- V( C8 ]return 0;
! v6 ^2 F# u& |} 
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函数名: strtod L @7 S6 g' ? o2 m( s
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
4 @' k# x# V3 \1 V) e用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
9 D' }0 y* ?7 i a9 _) i; i: W; v$ M程序例: ! k. M2 \8 [: }1 q
#include <STDIO.H>
( E9 {( a8 `+ w# a: U- P9 i2 \#include <STDLIB.H>6 F, F/ k" r) X$ }8 k
int main(void)
+ g( S0 U$ V. \5 f9 i{
, U: ~$ W' R6 Lchar input[80], *endptr;
5 C* j' B5 h3 Ddouble value; . B% `( q5 Q* c6 n5 B. f7 d8 X, l
printf("Enter a floating point number:"); 5 d: _& i, |) L8 w
gets(input); 4 y" W" |: P0 f( c
value = strtod(input, &endptr);
+ g' T+ y, U: R7 ~printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); & O" E6 M4 s2 \9 g* _6 f+ Z* n
return 0; - p5 b8 X7 m3 W; o! r
} : z1 J; g3 ]1 J8 }( r* ~

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 a5 s7 \4 z- f) G函数名: strtok + H( t0 l5 g" o" }3 D
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 ( P5 ~# W# f ^/ N5 U
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2); 4 Z0 i( A4 g: Q, N) i
程序例: 
' Z8 b, e# }6 H) e; a7 p5 ]#include <STRING.H>
2 U, d$ L5 Q$ o- I#include <STDIO.H>
# K/ ]4 e( X4 F3 z Pint main(void)
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char input[16] = "abc,d";
4 S4 l, ?% g$ t8 z3 H3 R) Tchar *p; 
8 i y) g5 F. g/* strtok places a NULL terminator
5 u3 f X9 @. k gin front of the token, if found */
; w! o- }4 x |7 rp = strtok(input, ",");
# v2 A& F8 S$ L! xif (p) printf("%s\n", p); 
1 N& N4 j7 Y( d Y" ^+ ]/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
- }+ }8 v" O. \3 ^ }4 Vas the first parameter returns a pointer
1 h$ f1 @1 b( j, ~# i% J9 {to the character following the token */
# q/ N, z$ q( L0 Sp = strtok(NULL, ",");
% W: |% A, `0 p- W$ Tif (p) printf("%s\n", p); % \ _5 T6 U4 s* \: Q- Y) m, d
return 0;
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函数名: strtol , j' v) f) z s
功能: 将串转换为长整数
1 m5 L" |4 w x! L用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
( C1 q& a. a& q# x$ M( N程序例: 
7 W* Y# i b& ]" z" K#include <STDLIB.H>5 Y7 S/ m' C& [: }& _; c' ]5 U
#include <STDIO.H>% ?' J( \6 V0 R4 c5 h8 x
int main(void) % g8 F% K4 n2 f! u7 @0 d
{
/ E% Y# L C% ?0 Y" C% t. h; O# }char *string = "87654321", *endptr; ( l. [) W' H/ j @8 o
long lnumber; 
/ o% d. H+ u5 l7 q/* strtol converts string to long integer */ - X: B: M% g, C
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
- f9 `# E: k4 _/ K# x. Z1 qprintf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); " i) M5 A1 O. h) Y; ^' L- q2 x
return 0; % g0 X# g- J( d) a3 B
} ; Z7 ^9 _2 l- a# x( y# [
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函数名: strupr 
8 I0 J( a2 a( m$ D3 z" x功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母 1 @5 c, l2 U5 t! z3 _
用法: char *strupr(char *str);
+ D) F$ V: k4 B程序例: 
, s/ F3 K$ r$ Z$ \4 m3 ?2 `#include <STDIO.H>
( B" z5 S% p$ q3 g7 H- O. ^#include <STRING.H># S8 x# [1 v& f5 {/ N
int main(void) # q( H9 I: }* ]2 Z. E# m5 c
{ , D/ j! m% D6 T( @0 O7 B3 e D; @, I
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; + ?8 q( p; U- P1 F3 `, t- O3 H* J& Y
/* converts string to upper case characters */
0 T. r% M0 x' A5 _ptr = strupr(string);
4 f+ p/ u2 E# o- T8 i! V, Fprintf("%s\n", ptr);
% l/ y( n. y# ^% K! n7 Mreturn 0; 5 e+ X. k% b' q3 l1 r% v# o! T- Z- B
} ^" Z; M3 }3 K1 L% b$ b

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- ^) S+ K e5 H8 Q8 R; R函数名: swab 
# b0 G4 V1 y, H2 b3 x9 {7 N+ M功能: 交换字节
( Z* M/ I8 r# q! c; x6 L, |3 T8 W3 W0 U用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
2 v0 ]2 b" V' ]4 t& V4 r& L程序例: 
) s, H; m6 H8 Q: p3 s8 B2 a, I#include <STDLIB.H>
/ T/ ^$ c4 }# ~# G! {; Q/ w5 T#include <STDIO.H>
+ N8 b& i8 ^) n7 N, e3 B9 }" s#include <STRING.H>0 r8 I. k* F" K& K, K- s+ G
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
: E/ d7 T# l4 y4 _char target[15]; 
$ e6 f. P# f, a& ~' iint main(void)
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swab(source, target, strlen(source)); 5 l7 ?' s" e' t2 N8 ^6 q3 N
printf("This is target: %s\n", target); $ h, B# p; u# L: ~. I L: K
return 0;
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+ M5 U4 C* o" m( A, c& x R函数名: system 0 \/ l7 }* V, @4 x! o
功能: 发出一个DOS命令
, k% h. \' V5 W用法: int system(char *command); # m9 V, @7 D9 D) d; W# A- w' b
程序例: 
% |- k+ q3 W1 A2 e3 C2 O; L/ v#include <STDLIB.H>
( @0 X8 a/ J( e6 M8 r' j#include <STDIO.H>! b, a- @8 [$ `6 Y% E9 W
int main(void)
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printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
. F; j2 L4 O* S; n( N3 s8 p, c1 ~+ q9 ~system("dir");
/ [/ I! O' }3 [6 q# dreturn 0;
) d- ]/ b$ l! ^}