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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); + Z$ S% j8 k4 e# X2 _' F, ?; j. E
/* display the gray scale */
' s9 Y' ^" h# i9 ~: p7 ^! ^0 {ht = getmaxy() / 16;
9 D" J$ {! S$ e- U: z& P3 D2 txmax = getmaxx();
( K8 y; f2 g% ]0 E" ty = 0;
$ I: ^8 X& ?' z& }( f2 ofor (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { & }7 F4 {2 x" |# `
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i); 3 z4 L2 E1 h' y
bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); 6 }$ O) c7 x& _, i
y += ht; ) ?1 a, `: ^ @, c! p( V; D
} 
$ U8 O+ c4 X$ ^. k: X* P1 z/* clean up */ # f0 E% P" x! d* ~
getch(); ) {- g6 ]1 i% W+ a) T/ [/ N7 _
closegraph();
. H- B: T8 p5 R) @- y& wreturn 0;
* E3 s1 F/ s$ n, Q8 {}
: `6 t+ V# y/ t, p: Y7 S: G) H* s, t+ s0 ^

' q2 j7 o r0 g4 B; m7 E+ p7 d: o8 N6 P
函数名: settextjustify 
# Z3 S% ^: a, n% q9 E: w% o功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 + Q& Q" f3 |( P- a
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
( | j( k; Q; C {4 G' a程序例: , _, S& `, S- b6 {9 A
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
& |; k4 O* ]( I3 I% C; g% ^7 |+ ^#include <STDLIB.H>
1 R$ s" n9 b- B, J1 h! g. L" L#include <STDIO.H>3 B& I2 q3 P5 ^! d2 M# Q4 N
#include <CONIO.H>
5 G" z. v, b9 v; {" o/* function prototype */
" {3 d9 Y+ ]6 d0 P/ H1 @) L: Bvoid xat(int x, int y); 
 K6 e7 I8 O7 f4 _' e; P' \6 l/* horizontal text justification settings */
0 _9 ^5 R4 J; n3 u6 y9 ^/ Ichar *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", % z; A) W" v! L( z
"CENTER_TEXT", ' S0 q; `- `" R1 e
"RIGHT_TEXT"
2 h4 U7 e. u' z}; 
+ L% X! y; v; v: h8 C( W% |/* vertical text justification settings */
- _) m" M9 N: @, H9 u3 Tchar *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", $ {7 V1 V6 |# f, D( T
"CENTER_TEXT", 7 `4 u; T% e, ?: g4 W: o, x- b
"RIGHT_TEXT"
 t1 J& D& A$ {& W- D: D( y}; 3 O) Z8 a0 |: R+ o d2 e
int main(void) 6 k: ~6 [5 b2 }
{ 2 q4 x4 f% J0 `1 n: O I
/* request auto detection */
9 ?) n# r# O# R0 [9 n3 ?int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
5 E$ n4 r8 v% q" J+ ~- }int midx, midy, hj, vj;
9 Z. E' |3 ~+ B8 c: P& ^char msg[80]; ; \( `0 c0 o+ ]4 Z/ i- D
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
1 h k( I9 Q- uinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
+ `+ r3 b! @- o5 |/* read result of initialization */
% e% P0 u& u* t/ @0 V8 @errorcode = graphresult();
& k6 R) P3 F& z6 Bif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ / j' Q J$ D- x5 j3 C4 \7 y3 u7 Y
{
/ u2 v- g4 m. t! D' _( `printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
& L! { `. r/ f! Iprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 1 W: F5 o0 w+ v2 ^4 M; O9 X
getch(); 9 f. D7 p, V4 G9 w+ ]2 k1 j4 z
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ( a1 S: S7 [$ L. v
} 
1 O6 q9 h; ]! fmidx = getmaxx() / 2; $ m; M/ A3 N% b0 @" }
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 4 X* P5 }. m$ [& ^3 u6 r1 A% a7 I& ^# B
/* loop through text justifications */
& b; ?1 x1 ? D2 {) g* G/ jfor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
- o- _6 T) M: }% V" Afor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
" P8 A9 y0 x! L& Q{ " I l4 Y6 T R- U
cleardevice(); 8 Y$ B, j/ @% q" b' x5 h o1 e" k0 r
/* set the text justification */ % j0 D6 y8 H& X' l3 y5 o9 p
settextjustify(hj, vj); ) Q, Z- z6 p5 m% u I
/* create a message string */ / J4 g* n/ Z8 r! Z7 k
sprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 
+ @" }* Y+ A7 W) S. w: ]/* create cross hairs on the screen */
 v* C" n* ~# |* S' i8 l5 Nxat(midx, midy); 
3 M/ T3 p+ V, i) F2 G& n* H" S/* output the message */
0 u. [" A4 M1 e6 h9 fouttextxy(midx, midy, msg); 0 K1 r8 Y1 f( {4 j) e( J% U! f& z
getch();
6 N; M! \8 F9 j9 x5 N8 Z4 @) V} - g) K: B3 L/ u. v
/* clean up */
+ E) }, C" S1 h5 g2 mclosegraph();
/ m1 {, d0 \. O Kreturn 0; , X9 T" L. q& f- p
} 
2 A0 u3 |) E# d/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */ $ V; Q! [1 s( o" i: \: A
void xat(int x, int y)
% `" `/ m0 z I: V( T{ . V& X2 h& }, J
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); : w; S4 r8 y8 H y: v
line(x, y-4, x, y+4); # h! O& y5 G: L3 H% t* ~# f c
} 9 T7 i- w3 M9 v& e& E4 m" D7 n
 z2 S( @$ ?/ ]/ ~6 l8 M$ J

% Y* K# p' p4 Y函数名: settextstyle 
2 C& V3 M) d# N0 Y/ J功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 + P4 f- a% P: b' I; E7 ]
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); 1 h0 T% G+ _0 n$ t' o0 \8 r; i% S
程序例: ' U4 O' U: k- r
#include <GRAPHICS.H>% G5 D. D. C: _7 o- S. d% h6 J; k
#include <STDLIB.H>! n/ L0 _1 S% l; [) A1 T& v
#include <STDIO.H>
" r5 n' x% s! l& U) t# I8 C v#include <CONIO.H>+ Y" h. w) F8 i% f, ?, m1 q
/* the names of the text styles supported */ 0 E+ ?* q; J; s7 B" a& _1 |) @ t
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
5 a9 K7 a7 H! M5 K"TRIPLEX font",
9 p$ @$ F ^% K! |2 u' U"SMALL font",
. X8 \. z B+ b! j" Q* |& X"SANS SERIF font",
3 s8 [" j0 [: y# d! F"GOTHIC font" 8 G& e- Q9 u/ ]
}; 
4 O1 H4 K p' D+ z) y S8 lint main(void) 0 L/ ~9 X9 C$ L" ^/ k2 D/ ?5 C
{ ( W: y4 t9 d: e. U0 _$ }5 _& u
/* request auto detection */
; I1 n2 w- Y$ |( \int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
, z, }% j' S0 U% J2 [( {int style, midx, midy; * i: o* b$ p8 I$ r
int size = 1; * v/ p: d8 ~# J1 g$ c$ `% k
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ - S+ S% O w. O: v v
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
) ~6 @6 v- s9 `/* read result of initialization */
" c- E& T2 Q6 k$ ~+ r+ C9 u: Aerrorcode = graphresult(); ! R+ l! y2 E9 m; |$ `! _. h+ L' G
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
4 Z4 N) W/ a8 \( t* }{ % s7 c; a; C' S( b/ a+ B4 Z
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
4 S) {: l" ^% e% ?. pprintf("Press any key to halt:");
3 p/ Z3 w1 `. B$ j* O6 M, p- o6 q1 Dgetch(); q7 ]; c; e M% B; X* V
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
8 S( U4 O! }* l% \# y} 3 Z$ |/ _# g% q* n. D. {& O
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 8 C' b, }7 v1 ~( U
midy = getmaxy() / 2; / q( J3 J, a9 O* }4 ~# m: b
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
1 t# G) I3 T: x8 ]. t/* loop through the available text styles */
# P5 W2 ?3 r8 S1 u& {5 T0 f2 wfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) ' \" `( Y8 g7 |; U c3 c2 Y
{
3 C0 y, _1 p" {% Dcleardevice();
& v/ W8 p8 _5 ?4 ?1 S0 _) ]! Sif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
9 I n. Y7 j; |- lsize = 4; 
 D! _+ [: C, a6 S4 G/* select the text style */
% r/ f6 W* A% R& b; Usettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); - d+ r# Y8 {: d. N
/* output a message */ ; T T6 o1 D' c
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
4 _. D9 J, d- ~* t8 F/ E5 O( Sgetch(); % j$ q ? D5 x+ U6 @9 N
} ( p1 g8 K0 [) A9 \
/* clean up */ " e. i% Q2 T- T9 i% s
closegraph(); % ~' C) E& g1 x4 g2 |
return 0;
; x# r' u8 }0 G' B5 S; O, q5 G}
 W9 y+ f8 |& n" f/ m3 {
% L+ [" b2 P- f/ L6 M
3 Q# n8 `2 e" H+ T- d函数名: settextstyle 2 B- S* ?- U0 k7 w. ]+ N: W6 @
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 ( y% [. u8 M: t0 H. N6 H- g* v+ F+ k
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); 6 N8 a8 G/ V* ]6 G6 {* |
程序例: , v5 \% u) e2 u5 j# b7 [
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
* U+ _- q& f s8 _# x#include <STDLIB.H>6 R! w; M( e* c8 d
#include <STDIO.H>
+ g6 o0 \" G8 V4 d#include <CONIO.H>
% i- H( C* Q) K$ L2 n& G7 ?- R( m0 `/* the names of the text styles supported */ + u+ J+ O) j4 A& T: ~
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
( ^7 ?$ l% i/ T1 N0 \- Y& ^, V"TRIPLEX font", , J0 {5 H0 O9 K' D
"SMALL font",
: B9 U7 u' q+ C( }"SANS SERIF font", ) H" v( H( z# N( [0 ~
"GOTHIC font" ) p+ c* S4 X3 p2 X" h; K- a
}; 
5 M1 N7 u$ E- q/ fint main(void)
' q) h6 a2 t( s1 c J{ ' w% K7 k: w/ a* N" R A+ c3 v# c
/* request auto detection */
3 p3 n7 Z$ n( a: Gint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 8 P! g, s8 V5 D5 X; m$ `0 W/ z) |) ~
int style, midx, midy;
- W4 X$ [ t5 C, Oint size = 1; 
2 a1 S2 A9 ^# p( Y* J6 f+ m/* initialize graphics and local variables */
% k, x# z5 _0 L& P2 b5 d. hinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
5 I+ u& [: Q5 ?2 v/* read result of initialization */ 2 l. n) k; t! t. s" m. P
errorcode = graphresult();
' k0 \6 `7 G0 V. i5 w- O. M4 vif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
0 g. M; y# R. ?0 d& c, q! @{
 O. q9 `5 P& v6 W0 M9 @) Dprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
 x d( Q/ n4 ~) [9 h& `$ p2 aprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 1 V% U P6 J6 O
getch();
$ J* A; E- Z2 q3 Y+ Q# yexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 4 Z5 e: Q! d. ~ p* L' [
} % o( {9 U) {$ G' {) e }8 ~+ I
midx = getmaxx() / 2; # n- g; ~! ?4 |* d
midy = getmaxy() / 2; $ n& H% i- x" A) x" j; k, ^
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 2 g% w- _. p3 X7 D" T9 s. l+ ?
/* loop through the available text styles */
" `4 B y" t" D+ Y3 ufor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
3 B; ?' A. {$ ?% I{ 5 d9 m1 B+ @+ R3 a
cleardevice();
- O: R" F3 q1 f. ]; Uif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 5 I; V; }# u/ S( `) X
size = 4; 5 e3 [: K( E( c/ h+ ~& _
/* select the text style */
8 ^' a0 b& d, I1 psettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 7 i* n5 k! z0 E0 w4 V/ e- K
/* output a message */
+ [. Y; |" n G8 d- ^outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
" c5 ]5 l. x5 \! p* k: Ygetch(); ! b. s/ b+ ]. a: M* M& N) A
} 
2 P1 b- g8 E6 d8 x/* clean up */
! A2 W1 ^6 w* I0 a: w$ eclosegraph();
9 t+ z* n; h' }) Ureturn 0;
0 h' o+ n# g6 {1 h} - W* z8 V3 ~( h3 P/ `$ E+ Z
# a5 B8 Y4 G7 h7 u4 @+ }

/ ^; ^6 Z1 t8 |/ Z' k4 K6 t函数名: settime 5 H6 k6 d3 b* Q: j! D$ X
功能: 设置系统时间 : ^+ Q4 A& ^0 X- W" V' D1 U
用法: void settime(struct time *timep);
1 `+ j7 Q* R8 \- L程序例: 9 {( m, c4 ]. Y w7 r
#include <STDIO.H>
5 {" `; j& Z+ l#include <DOS.H>9 E9 {* L3 {5 E. q
int main(void)
 Z8 U! N. ^ n1 `' H. k$ S{ 6 S: \( u( ]! e' `! E5 s
struct time t; 
7 @+ _$ P* ?' Q- B* [/ r' C/ }. ogettime(&t); * G e+ r& Z- C2 x; `% J5 B
printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); 7 z0 d9 v0 h+ f( z- |
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
/ Q# k) W' y. ^( ^: ~printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); + M7 U) e, V: f3 i9 w% ^% I5 ]' u
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 2 i6 ]; Y# D$ e A( Y
/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
# E+ y2 a* K9 k2 t' V) Et.ti_min++; , k7 I2 o9 u1 k
settime(&t); 
0 P3 ^4 }4 g0 E6 x7 S1 n5 Mreturn 0; $ `: {6 W2 @- u% h" ~ B+ r
} 2 B2 D" L7 V% u8 |3 I3 ~
6 ?8 O% v" w6 ^

2 ]* K9 ]2 s: e; A' B% O9 |函数名: setusercharsize 
, X- f( s# X( j5 e2 N2 M4 t功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
: [" ^4 C$ w( w9 S" Y用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry);
% u# X7 @; `5 d7 M程序例: - P1 D: ], _4 |: C" k& L- n' }* a
#include <GRAPHICS.H>. S y& w! b( O; f1 ^ Q" i6 L
#include <STDLIB.H>
0 J0 \; a; @. }# _6 ?3 x7 O$ A- J#include <STDIO.H>9 }: h2 I' |. B: y# I& u6 |
#include <CONIO.H>1 _ J+ f- c! }1 J, f* p# z
int main(void) 5 J: ?: U4 u9 h
{ ! C+ }- D1 w" x. l' R
/* request autodetection */ # n# N9 c6 t, d& J/ k& L
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 2 P. d# _! c9 q8 U4 V! F
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ $ y6 J, Y. Z% E
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); & F, I7 M2 `% T8 t/ w5 |2 I c4 f
/* read result of initialization */
4 Q8 k2 l3 g0 ]" Yerrorcode = graphresult();
# i( J: Y: Q+ n7 Fif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * A* i Q. J) h' v T
{
2 }, i( Z& e) X. _7 Y. D6 Oprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); . t3 V( O5 _3 K8 M- S. R
printf("Press any key to halt:"); % r# S/ D+ a. F6 Y8 j9 o: H# w; ^
getch();
6 C: \. I+ E/ V$ J' y8 w+ dexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ' v/ I7 H, c: q$ z9 Y
} 9 I( T3 p6 R5 N1 K' h" ]( X! T x
/* select a text style */
$ b3 p& K0 _4 U6 k: [ Jsettextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 8 q0 r. c, K7 V, \2 }9 j( B
/* move to the text starting position */ & F+ Z% G( i8 S- F0 Z) U
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); ( }* \" D- T6 I) f* S
/* output some normal text */
2 O: R) r" S* I/ |6 n* L+ `outtext("Norm "); 
) c( ~; M' ^* M. S" M/ y( y/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
# L5 W6 [6 U% K" z; H* @setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); / y' f' H- v, b
outtext("Short "); 2 y6 g/ z) B" z8 j9 K" Z2 X( v' j
/* make the text 3 times normal width */ / B. _5 p' p( ]7 G
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1); 3 Z g8 X3 z: b) k, k8 g9 c
outtext("Wide"); 
8 v+ c. t7 m p! A4 U1 n/* clean up */ 2 V) \7 ~- }& l6 d7 J+ l
getch(); 5 H# T. P$ j; G! N8 m
closegraph();
; I- L0 @( D1 l1 F3 Ureturn 0; / o! n9 {$ T/ N
} $ k/ u A# l2 v) W
4 {6 G+ m1 U& N$ D
函数名: setvbuf 
6 Q! u! ?! S; Y2 s+ ^0 j功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
( n% y" }9 D" h2 d) M: S& w用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); J1 u9 Z3 y: }$ \ W2 D6 v) ~' Q
程序例: 
* N- y& f0 y& |" s#include <STDIO.H>
& y/ D/ N9 e2 J' O# D$ Jint main(void) + S$ o6 i9 E. R% u
{ / N0 \& [$ `* D5 E4 f
FILE *input, *output;
 D( C! ~( |8 d" O$ n, ?1 x. wchar bufr[512]; 
 ~. ~& A1 f6 v0 N9 w! j5 ]( ^input = fopen("file.in", "r+b"); ^; a9 l! K8 p% c) V* p1 ]
output = fopen("file.out", "w"); " w6 y8 [2 L D8 R, W
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access, 4 v+ j; D4 n0 ~3 T( j& j; E
using our own character buffer */ * W0 N3 G" `+ p$ P& Q% J
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0) ; E8 l' @# M$ ]6 G
printf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n"); ! T# Q' n# s7 z) [5 Y. C# |6 D
else ' P& Y# R6 Z5 f' k8 J
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
3 N. a% b/ X- F" _% ^/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
+ P6 ~; t% G0 pwill be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */ 2 v: G9 V: C& A
if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) 4 u& ]/ _- v+ P+ d; E' ?
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n");
3 t, H0 R7 F) E0 b5 L( O! Felse ' S" K: A" c3 a7 A1 B
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 
' f+ |9 ~) ]/ f; G& r/* perform file I/O here */ # Y- b7 L1 F" d% z7 C2 S! q2 I
/* close files */ . D% R& v* o3 N; j2 O; p0 a
fclose(input);
& F; R) g! X. x9 K" U6 afclose(output);
, @& F, _: K: N& |% o" @5 e0 xreturn 0; : q. T1 c, z; f, h ~6 m9 R6 X
}
0 X8 @. c' O8 ~/ Y4 c( l$ M' ]+ ^
6 Z; W7 I0 |0 K: t" ?# Z
& y6 A) O/ @5 D% w, B1 v9 W. P) B! O# {/ w& j: [$ N
函数名: setvect % ^# t. j# d& A: Z% a
功能: 设置中断矢量入口
* B7 R( m$ h6 k用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
' a; O! q1 f8 Q8 d0 {程序例: : h! F2 j( T* S, e8 Q
/***NOTE:
! Y- N' \2 j9 C( c% P8 U6 M; aThis is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this ' ]( J; E+ i/ {3 t R( i' u1 j- w
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable $ @/ C; ~; H7 }
file which will operate correctly. */ 
) s$ k$ F7 F2 ^7 D$ ?#include <STDIO.H>- Y7 g) n* V+ y O; {; t! k
#include <DOS.H>
; E8 |+ ]2 r% [6 T6 |8 Z#include <CONIO.H># {+ T1 J, t2 i8 G+ [/ e- p% v
#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 2 b5 e) {8 ]0 X; e* M9 ]! ]. X$ n
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
$ H+ U. F6 x2 Z+ g* j- z( Xint count=0; 
$ F- n4 E' y0 {void interrupt handler(void) : j% E9 R5 {! l( c/ ^; \1 b
{
: K- a4 [ p% B6 Z: \9 ^. F/* increase the global counter */
# A9 ?+ Y- ?; J" m N" O" Ycount++; " p. d3 _3 T: M* F6 `' B
/* call the old routine */ 8 f$ c+ t% {- }: [+ r& h" O, {
oldhandler(); $ I' \3 I0 r" e6 R% e* ]7 P
} 
! f/ L& ]% x. ?% V: z6 w( ]int main(void)
) H# ~! z3 Y4 I; d4 e% _9 g( \* H{
 x& u* i1 q+ R% g/* save the old interrupt vector */
3 x9 r" n- y; @ K# t m2 Roldhandler = getvect(INTR); / l& W; ? o4 d
/* install the new interrupt handler */ . m) [3 I0 G+ F7 v3 W
setvect(INTR, handler); 
, t! q' y: u( o$ M7 V7 P/ x& n/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */ " t" c' S" f" t% F- P# ~* Z# n
while (count < 20) 4 M5 t& B2 E; ]# M7 i
printf("count is %d\n",count); - w3 J% Y' u- T9 m0 n' a* L
/* reset the old interrupt handler */
$ r1 a: p0 }$ { J9 hsetvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
+ G7 x9 W! ^0 l1 {return 0;
& W+ s( U) N1 q. w3 [# [! q: [/ I}
; q& g$ s& ?8 B4 }( R% s$ m+ ^' {# |* A+ l. ~- e; Y$ e" K
6 }% f) X) m) V4 ~3 R
函数名: setverify 
* ~4 I) k& y: F功能: 设置验证状态
$ |& s8 k& o9 N3 C; O用法: void setverify(int value);
9 F# F* ] b2 B: I* G程序例: 
3 M" s# X# _: K2 E#include <STDIO.H>
; E1 O9 i$ A3 I: o#include <CONIO.H>7 l7 G' l3 N! e5 \
#include <DOS.H>$ G# O i: F7 C5 B/ y9 w3 s
int main(void) 2 }' n. Y1 Z& v3 p( i& I4 T8 @
{ % v4 e8 N' [+ h- _( ]) I
int verify_flag; 
+ E% q) t# j/ V+ R0 bprintf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n"); ( a$ } O A( ]# G q) P4 C
printf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 0 F+ r2 @+ Q1 R- E, e# c; T
verify_flag = getch() - 0; ( v% ]( d H2 U$ D( B) W+ j
setverify(verify_flag); 6 ^* t9 F1 C7 J2 N# J" B
if (getverify())
/ x! ^$ {$ K9 z7 h# u; Cprintf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
1 J, l1 K4 l5 V) T' O' z5 l2 s) selse
. R1 k2 ^ ^: Z, m2 c6 V( F5 Mprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 8 M g( v0 e/ d
return 0; % y5 K# Y: U( r& _
} & M, v( y1 _! Z. W( c2 x# B

7 D" W/ Y' ?2 F3 f v
, |! ^7 o2 J: B5 f7 b函数名: setviewport $ r' J6 p" R4 \2 K+ l
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 % g+ \/ i1 v8 `% w' j
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
( o% \, R0 I1 A) {int bottom, int clipflag);
& o# {, k. ?9 g! |( J程序例: 
) u- T1 C$ ~0 H1 e" G#include <GRAPHICS.H>" \# I6 e* ~# G9 @- H
#include <STDLIB.H>
' ^/ I. j) R l0 b# G' ?. r#include <STDIO.H>6 X: E4 C, _ v4 K3 z; g! d/ m
#include <CONIO.H>
4 O" T3 b) s8 d' \0 ? U; Q' P5 p#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 7 K8 c# H" Z" ^- N5 T. T5 b
int main(void) 2 X/ W- D4 ?. N# j( g2 [! y" w) e, R
{
; q( I' T: g, o3 q+ p1 M, ?: ^/* request auto detection */ * {0 N6 l I) I' t* D
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
, a7 `- v. n4 a: t9 U0 i/* initialize graphics and local variables */
' Q, d) {5 o8 N9 L5 g. ginitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 9 w- ?# Z4 K t! r' w7 x
/* read result of initialization */
, j* n& q# e/ H! s" w- herrorcode = graphresult();
2 \: ]# X) w+ s; Y% A% x- Vif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
4 B+ j. T8 T- y9 M: D+ G{ 7 [9 J% v8 m) R! H
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
6 A/ |" G; {+ S, z3 Vprintf("Press any key to halt:");
8 w f; ~& g* ?. h! q0 ^getch(); ( _- h0 F; o O* f8 d. r
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
! j; c. [! U% T} 2 s# o& o+ G8 `4 Q, g+ p9 _
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
& x) i: A4 W+ G, v, u( d/* message in default full-screen viewport */
. C5 O0 Z. }3 S; K; \outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
' F6 D; C! g: F/* create a smaller viewport */
- K2 R+ b9 a `5 U A7 u2 xsetviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); T8 p$ F7 F* F n, p7 A0 ~- _
/* display some text */ : \2 J' C" L& n7 d! z; _9 x
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); $ y4 }( t. F* q/ }
/* clean up */ 7 N: ^( o3 P# @4 {* [; |
getch();
; z" T. t$ E) p* gclosegraph();
# t6 g( |/ h. Q% H0 g- Ireturn 0;
 K+ N7 Z; Z e& a9 B. X} ) b+ ]# ~0 q+ {! |7 ]4 s- `
 ?$ E5 C; [/ a; ^6 ^9 ?
! ^3 c# b! r% i! o+ F) y: ?0 x7 H
函数名: setvisualpage # n! O2 |1 I' N! E, \
功能: 设置可见图形页号 / L: q5 K. f* E* i5 q4 h
用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); * `8 L7 E" S/ @$ z7 T B! {6 b/ k
程序例: 
: @% W4 }6 V$ ?/ [! R) ~#include <GRAPHICS.H>
) d' [8 ~3 |& b6 g+ N#include <STDLIB.H>) M |; K* H6 U+ {
#include <STDIO.H>3 `6 b3 Z0 a8 N
#include <CONIO.H>
; s0 a g! d- A- G- |" ]. Xint main(void)
' N/ f! o: x( b; p" A7 D) |1 c, K. @{ ! U5 a9 Q8 {' x! h
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
+ i! k5 A9 x. i0 e4 ^/* multiple pages. */
& a3 _, h7 m5 [int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
$ G" R- @4 m3 d4 @int x, y, ht; " x; K0 W2 `; w* n0 M1 h: F
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ . x" p5 ?; D$ x7 w' D1 l
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 O1 O' k. l: \0 Q; {4 o
/* read result of initialization */ 8 f! q+ \% F, W* Y' F; K3 F
errorcode = graphresult();
& k+ I; s5 C' bif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
4 l8 k/ T* C2 ?* x9 h& I; ^( Q{ % X, p: ^* _+ L
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
* b- _# W* E1 Q9 t5 l# sprintf("Press any key to halt:"); B5 l# R/ G) I7 R) g8 s* Z
getch(); 3 z* X. T0 a' B( K6 D! m& A
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ k$ f) J# r- [3 R0 x
} 3 v$ u- P; t6 }
x = getmaxx() / 2;
( s m$ `# p" t" hy = getmaxy() / 2;
% x5 S, Q; }0 O/ tht = textheight("W"); 2 u3 O. V& P. H$ O0 n
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
# e) a) [0 W F1 b/ n1 s0 ssetactivepage(1); 8 [1 R% h' h/ w2 O4 |( B" n( I
/* draw a line on page #1 */ 6 u. H6 x: N$ X, o1 V+ i+ k% d/ \0 K( w
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
+ c! |0 P3 g5 W5 g7 N& S, }/* output a message on page #1 */ ! x$ ~* E0 n4 x0 p
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
% @+ Y+ a' ~! M8 oouttextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
2 p/ |7 d, q H$ Z0 s! Vouttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); " u2 I' V; w% w/ \: j( s A9 h
/* select drawing to page #0 */ ' O" a5 i8 Z, H3 t# `
setactivepage(0); / c* X/ a( W# f w- C8 H$ l8 G4 R
/* output a message on page #0 */
& f+ C1 _+ p; Zouttextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
- [0 y" |, M/ l, E- eouttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); * }; \' y9 [% g5 U
getch(); 6 v$ M0 O1 x9 o$ \* o" Y
/* select page #1 as the visible page */ / ~, [) y- Y* v$ A' v1 h( P% u
setvisualpage(1); 1 U* R( o) M& w2 r
/* clean up */
8 |( M* h/ Z! ~& g9 q C% q0 mgetch();
; N/ ~( ]0 E; c2 C% P5 W; Qclosegraph(); 0 f$ W4 O$ ^; {* k1 Q" Y
return 0; 1 m* i0 w5 q6 |) o5 x5 Q
} ) p1 Z( L4 l# @* l* T' f2 F

 K# c" G& X0 u
9 y2 ^2 a& W9 _函数名: setwritemode 0 S8 c& X! W8 W
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式
" I! H2 Y7 n% z& `; \/ K用法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
, g$ G& F; i @. u) `' Z$ o9 I程序例: 
) O/ N7 ~7 U U) v" }( A7 m#include <GRAPHICS.H>
6 J! L; X/ x. Z2 y) I#include <STDLIB.H>6 A7 ]( \9 w5 I- S
#include <STDIO.H>+ g% D* R8 Z0 ]" E0 b. q4 ]4 Z
#include <CONIO.H>5 F7 T! |4 C# C
int main() 4 d* V/ M- ?6 ?3 A, E$ ]. _' M
{ : i# K% m) } x' y
/* request auto detection */
 Y5 F+ |/ M/ mint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; / X; d. d. ^2 P: G" P/ Y {, Q' \# Q
int xmax, ymax; 
# H+ M0 x6 Y v$ U* u5 u1 S6 T/* initialize graphics and local variables */
0 q5 R4 M$ W$ iinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
( U. [) ]; W; p( y( ^& E) c/* read result of initialization */ 8 X! }# L' ]' P7 q* Z( J7 m2 X
errorcode = graphresult(); / q7 O6 a+ ]0 v0 H3 a
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * m# Y8 x9 M- T7 U z B
{ 2 P, ^1 \4 _8 J' J
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
8 J2 `8 C4 m$ n$ k3 g6 w8 H- Cprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 2 s, i/ N" k ]1 b7 ^; N
getch();
% {" ]& M1 c; N. O4 Aexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
2 l5 Z8 m( Y+ \2 C+ ~} 
! B' s. d+ K; y8 d" x. n7 \xmax = getmaxx();
- z% v2 k& q" m+ o. R/ V7 mymax = getmaxy(); 0 J, F& N. h% q* h1 D( b
/* select XOR drawing mode */
6 g3 [& A, y* Q/ G+ Ksetwritemode(XOR_PUT); 
. O- u2 Z8 {# y# s) F% U% Y. m/* draw a line */ # }. x) w, I2 z9 I0 N
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); ' M! W3 C5 J% w+ U4 z2 ^
getch(); % L: z" y2 ]" ?0 E7 _2 s+ _2 P
/* erase the line by drawing over it */
5 D" G. Q& ^, Dline(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
7 U% s9 F5 {% |7 a1 r4 Zgetch(); 
( d! {2 O! X( W6 ~/* select overwrite drawing mode */
' X4 b2 o* ~) Ysetwritemode(COPY_PUT); # A R) c# U. V5 C: K4 a9 d, X3 g
/* draw a line */
9 M+ p) ^) |% |- P x, nline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 
% Y. r' i0 M# |% _! T/* clean up */
6 a$ u) J m! x1 igetch(); # {7 Y. \* n2 Y0 C
closegraph();
9 j' f/ X; R& q6 ~return 0; / O/ g' m- ]3 Q; G
} ; v* p( E: S) l" ^0 m1 k" ^5 q
- H0 w- P, D: J5 n6 Y8 L
2 g$ W- i3 M! l
函数名: signal
1 }2 x8 } C# r: {0 x7 B功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作
* ?8 \3 a+ g: h3 p& J, ?- f- S用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
) |5 F/ M" B- B" v. e" j, b程序例: 
: y" D b2 j0 E& f; x+ B/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
% Y% }% i; N; C# i2 A/ ^0 Lcatches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment 6 L w! {9 Q" d; X u5 D$ |
to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause
# v3 k9 Z9 @# e$ f* |1 f8 Wyour computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
: W* x3 T. ^# ?! I2 `5 ?1 tdepending on which memory model is used.
0 }* n/ a t2 P0 H+ @7 [*/ 
0 f8 Z: i0 s, a7 D#pragma inline
: k; M: r- \" ]1 m3 _8 E7 s#include <STDIO.H>
' _; J6 K3 D) ~#include <SIGNAL.H># W& f7 _% d! a8 J: J( }
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
: O% D& v# ^, f/ ]: h' X# L{
8 d4 k' R. ]1 e: R0 ^# vprintf("Caught it!\n");
( p( D8 E- A% n$ c! R) R*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ 7 A# k7 e* l2 N" P
} 
( H- @; l% Z# S1 _( v% Xint main(void)
6 w; X J; w5 K/ y" J% j( |9 C{ $ t% M1 ~" n! R! s
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
" O( Q+ s/ c) basm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */ * b1 Y# v0 H' ?# _0 Q2 j" v8 x
asm inc ax /* cause overflow */ % v" A+ V) C; t5 m
asm into /* activate handler */ ) P/ C" i8 |7 f, J
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, 5 x) x# A& V$ A1 W+ u
there would have been another exception when the next 'into'
. H. e& L3 r \1 ]' kwas executed after the 'dec' instruction. */
, [0 x3 B" u) N3 J7 o4 r( Xasm dec ax /* no overflow now */
 |0 n) p& h) o5 _8 j2 easm into /* doesn't activate */
, _1 i6 N. y" U0 I3 [$ \return 0;
- A! q0 V- g$ w* `} 6 j- h0 B; h5 _# S% ~
) Q2 M7 L% x; p


1 c2 T0 I& s! Y. i* I0 O( ~函数名: sin 
/ P9 q8 F+ D4 e" l2 e; y$ F功能: 正弦函数
( y1 I: v1 G( v9 t& ^% _5 f用法: double sin(double x); 0 b8 ]6 W8 E/ f4 {" _' C5 s& M2 Z* }
程序例: 
$ E7 a- C- y/ u6 b: f8 Z* V1 V% q! |2 u#include <STDIO.H>. |8 x, @' U2 o
#include <MATH.H>
) q6 I. d5 T" ?8 z9 fint main(void) 0 j9 z. g% f6 Y- U, D
{ 2 p$ w# ? U ?1 g' t" \
double result, x = 0.5; / u& m( d7 O: E! w0 M6 q
result = sin(x); ) D; G) I3 g' H0 k& i4 K2 T
printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
5 K; @% n& q# m& C; B& Creturn 0; - c: p! `9 ?: _4 x, n" R% b
} . B$ X# f2 W7 @ h8 c

/ ~, G3 M: n& J8 F% E. ^+ V" E9 T) V4 [1 O" @2 e
函数名: sinh 
' j3 O) Y& I) a: D功能: 双曲正弦函数 5 r5 t4 |6 r4 h; Z- L: v7 I/ J
用法: double sinh(double x);
" Z4 I( O" _( A+ I0 \$ @. B$ E程序例: 
& }# S; P: n$ a/ S5 I# L" p- d#include <STDIO.H>
4 P( z, K% f. S1 k2 K# ^6 X#include <MATH.H>
2 ~! j+ Q) @4 r# O2 J0 e8 P- u- l/ hint main(void)
" c) t$ V5 K. [' Z$ u. @4 z# d{
; f) C" Y# t$ ddouble result, x = 0.5; 
' a0 |) I2 a4 Y: c1 mresult = sinh(x);
/ h; m8 j3 I$ i2 k& [' C/ \% Fprintf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 8 l' c' I3 j* q2 f; x) c" d% Y8 g
return 0;
8 _" L4 |3 u. j. G9 M. B2 H}
2 }$ q" a8 {/ {1 ^) T) s# Z0 l% g

) `$ N! I! S* j
 Q0 F3 g% x5 d" b. g函数名: sleep 
# T; I0 V& v' R1 u' I功能: 执行挂起一段时间 , Y' x# c# u1 x, V" h0 k
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
# o' g$ P5 p/ @ C程序例: 
, c- r& ` [& B7 m' U2 W/ z( Z#include <DOS.H>
) C: O. X @. A$ w#include <STDIO.H>
4 M* t+ ?2 ~4 V* l+ x3 ]0 J3 w7 T& pint main(void) v$ J9 o$ `2 M6 u
{
6 o6 Z" F5 x! o* c1 e* uint i; 
8 P6 F! ~* ] s: _0 s+ tfor (i=1; i<5; i++)
2 E* K! A! p0 R9 |7 V" \$ {1 g{ / K4 i0 A$ ]3 A1 m3 Y/ S9 k0 W
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i);
+ Z" B Q5 a; w: x& x& psleep(i); " \. H( v: v! P& @ X5 G2 {
} # c, E* R, |& {% o
return 0;
6 \: b' `8 ~) `1 M' u5 m5 J} & ~2 J9 t. B, Y' m* z4 w$ D/ F
" |; ]; D% R( l* q* H: v
' l7 o7 y1 b' x* ?* a" O( k9 b% {
# L% G' I3 e4 z. u& b1 s8 l6 d9 `! H! }
函数名: sopen 7 C9 ~* D' ]* B& V0 `! G1 K. x
功能: 打开一共享文件 . ]3 ` \7 V8 ^/ Y. A# J
用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); & T& H: v7 P( g: `6 Q, l- E A9 [
程序例: 
5 d6 L, G5 W" G/ d#include <IO.H>; S3 J( u( \. c1 Q! i) C) a
#include <FCNTL.H>
5 O7 L& B! T. n#include <SYS\STAT.H>) P8 l8 r" j' }& m( j0 z6 P
#include <PROCESS.H>
8 M( O! P9 A3 b, m/ u#include <SHARE.H>
: l1 @1 x! t5 a2 M; d#include <STDIO.H>/ K# l9 N5 z/ f4 X" g; O- _$ Q- S4 q
int main(void) 0 p1 H, w6 X# s: }+ g' L. F1 T8 O
{ o8 }% z# P% F# q% c* f5 N
int handle; : ~4 |% W$ [$ Q, T- y0 k
int status; 4 u. Q+ o$ _; q6 ?2 @9 a
handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 0 C, b$ j8 h% p, N; j
if (!handle)
* Y/ s. R- X1 F5 g7 ]# K{
+ ^$ j. l* H N. Eprintf("sopen failed\n"); ! H, J, y; _4 y0 B; L X; r" _4 I
exit(1);
7 G* I! P* F) Z* e8 _ t" }7 t} 7 c8 t1 L9 x' T0 e; j) @ H
status = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6); - O7 q: x: ~) ?
if (status == 0) 4 N( q, j# S5 l( Z s% }* i3 V
printf("read/write access allowed\n"); 7 z( v( j2 Y5 I: q
else
/ z5 k: r7 D& T9 Q J9 h! R( Kprintf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
5 C0 Q1 N' M' h& D, F3 n" Q& uclose(handle); * r% F+ s1 i) s0 Z
return 0;
! n$ y# V+ K& v4 F}
) u8 [1 j4 c5 ]; ]! `
# z& K) W" o2 _$ A# y4 m8 b! k8 u& B4 ~" s) f

! ?7 z/ C/ Y0 E. ^) b9 {; X3 n0 J函数名: sound 
5 G+ r+ v7 F* R7 D( Z7 d4 G功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
, |% D$ e8 }# J2 x( a2 ?3 @. V3 n用法: void sound(unsigned frequency); & T) V9 T8 I. g; t5 _) t# e2 l b
程序例: 
6 K/ O4 g$ c, X/ d) I; Q/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds.
+ N7 v% W$ l2 s2 _" \' uYour PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */
; j" a+ b6 R$ W, a9 N2 l#include <DOS.H>: n2 N! D0 |1 u: q% o" x/ h& G- F
int main(void)
2 s$ b, {2 y v{
$ G2 A$ q" u6 Q# [9 i4 dsound(7);
0 {3 x' \8 [4 L/ H; q9 P! Y) f5 ?8 adelay(10000); ( {8 O% Y. |+ ?- J* C1 A
nosound(); 1 d8 \7 F0 C. j8 h1 P# ~
return 0; 1 }: [5 n' R* R; f
} ' m- u: l- v4 u t% H& _
 p6 W/ \% X4 d3 C6 K
5 X2 a# H+ F, ^; k7 s4 r4 e

0 ^8 D. K+ B+ ~函数名: spawnl : I2 p$ J9 c. g4 w0 G
功能: 创建并运行子程序 & q: X. A1 c3 d( f6 h7 j) R1 q
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
' s9 A& ]8 Z7 ~" @arg1, ... argn, NULL);
; T% r {( R4 N程序例: - Y( G1 J& L6 G3 {
#include <PROCESS.H>
+ p* W* x/ q; t- d#include <STDIO.H>
, C0 q% p- s( _8 G" t6 W* L#include <CONIO.H>
# ~; \, ?3 y8 O2 j' rint main(void)
$ E/ }2 h4 ~# B1 m O7 j{
: Z3 G! q" B4 \: c$ U) J# xint result; + k) }! P) B, C3 v
clrscr();
; o/ K/ J; @7 f9 i3 I) F, S) Vresult = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL);
1 F2 `; w: {' P0 Bif (result == -1) ) X# D; O7 l8 L D* a
{ ' A( K) I8 E7 z3 I* \3 h
perror("Error from spawnl"); # y6 ?/ B1 g- I' x' |; x H
exit(1); + u7 k& h/ H# G0 H4 a. C7 M# j
}
' {. S0 f$ r! Y) K& _return 0; ) r) w. O% P& P$ S: z; h+ j) M
} / @ N: ^4 Q' q ~, l+ R
5 z. F [% ~: A

; R& r; e0 y4 r! S; h/ [5 B函数名: spawnle 
; i$ [$ y) Y; {; p0 B% C7 r8 T功能: 创建并运行子程序 , m& [1 D- x9 S, b8 p- R
用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 1 _" W2 T& F1 R2 m% I3 N, b
arg1,..., argn, NULL);
1 _! }& U& [! U) f8 ]程序例: 
% ^. V. ]& E- s2 q/ Y+ _7 q* S' B: P/* spawnle() example */ 4 z* S4 q, Q# J0 E' X
#include <PROCESS.H>0 n2 Y7 }" A* L; ?7 F- ~
#include <STDIO.H>
$ F3 q0 i' |. y4 E4 m#include <CONIO.H>! m/ v4 ] a6 w+ }
int main(void)
! J, W }( ~" P; W, d{ H1 \3 {+ J/ `5 X" t5 M
int result; 7 k4 d7 {( N" B* M) m7 t
clrscr(); : ~0 i4 }2 n" u# P- {! ~
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); 1 t- k5 V# D1 W, ~, t+ e0 m+ \
if (result == -1) ; |$ C3 B" N9 ^( F" g
{
( j! [* I' n% _6 d9 Y4 Aperror("Error from spawnle");
0 s; _- J/ Z: S% U2 gexit(1); . v& ~: b M6 ]5 l2 n9 S6 y
} ) c+ I s8 V+ w
return 0;
2 B a/ t p* V/ h}
6 y* }4 g5 J* x7 B3 v- ^/ d$ T. I! l$ x3 x7 p. s9 e* R4 A; P

; U9 z5 {$ }% [1 C9 h% y+ N; Z/ Y4 }8 E8 X
函数名: sprintf 
- W4 J+ ~8 K) U/ }: N; }5 L功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 3 a; L M% Z& Y$ j3 S$ X0 u
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); 6 T) E7 `& V" R) Q
程序例: 
7 `* ?+ w- |% u: k" A9 m#include <STDIO.H>9 D! I N {* Y8 F8 g# c% z# M
#include <MATH.H>6 h3 H6 b* V; W! W3 N
int main(void)
/ P/ L, L. V3 v+ L: h{
( v; g: Q; L5 d: [' g2 hchar buffer[80]; 
& A9 _0 F6 f: T5 E+ b bsprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
6 E! n8 l ]3 a+ d: E0 Vputs(buffer);
; J/ m% C1 e. r |return 0;
0 h+ H4 |1 h7 _* I8 f}
8 c8 c/ S( q H* \! N* z0 B' c4 T4 _3 M- _7 e
6 M* F n/ m9 r9 q1 d' `
函数名: sqrt 
8 n; i, W; j0 `8 c6 H: B+ z功能: 计算平方根 9 X) B1 N# S5 U" }4 s G7 R
用法: double sqrt(double x); 1 Q0 d4 |8 z2 y/ d# P/ [3 ~
程序例: 
( {$ X: _) J J/ U, T& P#include <MATH.H>/ M! ?/ d6 z( X) I2 o
#include <STDIO.H>
# t* {- _2 x+ g7 G) tint main(void)
- e; n+ j# w. N g* [+ G; |{
+ M7 x J5 j6 c& C# \+ b' Idouble x = 4.0, result; 
2 d; l% ~; \2 uresult = sqrt(x); , G c# @! L! G6 M/ ~) \
printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
 H I: B N" V# |. Ureturn 0; $ a& h5 ]( H E! D6 a* e, c0 r& e
}
3 |* M% d1 q, D4 w. i! y" n- S4 q
) W- q5 g& m& p% |, m# f3 e函数名: srand 
( F/ Z" S U$ K功能: 初始化随机数发生器 $ R* l: n+ t, a* u; p8 B6 T2 N
用法: void srand(unsigned seed);
5 o. J$ @5 h7 t' h; ]程序例: - ~9 p& ]) @7 u# @: Z. ]/ x) W9 p- W7 s
#include <STDLIB.H>' h; a( s7 ~" }& x: |4 |
#include <STDIO.H>3 @% c$ X: ]" y z
#include <TIME.H>3 ^ z" Z$ E Q( [8 {/ Y! n
int main(void) % Y- T/ O- N) |7 u4 {
{ 6 a& S: K5 r: A5 j
int i;
" Y/ a- R9 V; H1 `# htime_t t; - _5 K6 C+ n4 \, I2 Y
srand((unsigned) time(&t)); . w0 v3 _' W5 m2 H
printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
5 U2 ?# W" d9 m9 d+ l$ ?for(i=0; i<10; i++)
% c! w' O: a6 I5 { v) Aprintf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
; `: t: Q% a/ O7 areturn 0; 6 M$ q, g7 \2 T: Y8 Q' W) F# I4 ]
}
3 P6 q; W% R( o' M- v6 P" E: G+ b8 \3 ~* ]1 i7 [ l
+ v& M0 ], u5 b5 {7 _- g
函数名: sscanf 
* e1 z& t6 _+ d( M0 i- f: ?功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
6 O) I; o( |2 m, O, S用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
% v u8 p' F/ y4 ~* v程序例: # x; E9 o) ?4 P/ A4 h
#include <STDIO.H>
; i. ^: l) U$ \* j& Y#include <CONIO.H>
) w# L7 W7 ~8 q0 ?) y* s6 S! jint main(void)
 @* w1 C7 |5 z( Y1 W( B{ 2 m5 }7 ] B4 R4 n1 D( J# E: x
char label[20]; ) C. ^: e9 E6 I* \, H- P+ b
char name[20];
: M$ b; H' m- N6 Hint entries = 0;
3 q) z+ O; ^/ m8 b- ~ F+ Pint loop, age;
8 u/ ?0 H4 c/ p: Y( }+ e: Gdouble salary; 
! c- R1 }7 J) H5 X; V: [struct Entry_struct
+ I8 y4 N& G5 H- O' m{ i7 o- e4 t. _# U; R
char name[20];
/ J2 @4 d5 I: j/ Y8 a6 ]int age; " z# c e# R4 v, a
float salary; 7 R& E2 | L5 v! B$ j; \% W; |. f! J1 K0 G
} entry[20]; 3 f' l; C* p' B- [! C+ w
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */ 0 Z$ }& O- R& u* H( H7 k( Z
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); * Y+ n! _+ L3 o8 l7 T
scanf("%20s", label); : s- R/ M% C5 X+ M" Z; o v& f5 i
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 3 N9 W* `! R+ v: G( o0 \
/* Input number of entries as an integer */ $ F% K0 X9 _1 n
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
4 R1 F0 ^; \2 N- o% x+ hscanf("%d", &entries);
( k' w$ i! ~, D7 r% }1 ?4 r: X, vfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ) @' G6 d/ l% e
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ 1 M$ Y, P$ B9 ~) q1 X
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
$ Y; T! h. k4 o { 5 y; Y8 x" p- H
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
& y% D+ O8 l: W6 h+ l( o8 u2 Nprintf(" Name : "); 9 B# u# U6 C: u# ^& `# a
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name); 3 P( Q" j" ^; {
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ . |: h( K4 W7 p- S! ]+ o& ]6 [
/* input an age as an integer */ . n2 u4 z5 j7 r3 ?. b5 y. t. |$ k
printf(" Age : "); 4 k) L8 G, G3 \( e6 s' z* x
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
% e+ o0 o- X& u v1 F3 ^/ }# W/ bfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
$ \2 T4 m! Q/ w g3 b/* input a salary as a float */ * s2 t/ p7 K$ Q$ g3 V* h k* w
printf(" Salary : ");
 X2 H" `: N) b" U% uscanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
) o) @# d# F e# {fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
- m9 U1 }! }7 K1 x} ' F* p* i3 f0 \- R
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
1 I+ ~) o! p& Gprintf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n"); 3 C3 g' y, }: r% s" y% ^
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); " [6 |: {. {& @% p

: d: R+ B6 O4 n1 v/* Print out the data that was input */
 ]# E% ]$ v! O/ J/ lprintf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
! I9 V4 V" c# ^7 i- c1 {printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary); " x6 G9 m) r$ a9 A' ]8 \
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
9 t9 X+ T( m4 R/ {* t" y# \4 T& o( ]for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) 4 {9 o8 ?" Q' p8 Q( V" w
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n", 9 v+ v; G5 S" D+ l- ^8 r$ s1 g
loop + 1,
: f5 _7 e$ [) I2 {$ U, q( gentry[loop].name,
( }; { T4 f% G# ?entry[loop].age,
& P+ ^0 O5 x) U+ l) Lentry[loop].salary); ' l5 _2 C4 s8 n5 I: c0 h2 S& `' j! h
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 2 G% P8 W6 \ i5 R
return 0; w8 w9 c: ]0 [$ `8 ~- C6 M+ C
} ) C! G' l$ Q y4 E& Y$ y

1 ?$ D/ H% i3 _- ]/ T0 l8 l8 l( R+ }
函数名: stat 5 `6 u, N& P, _4 K
功能: 读取打开文件信息
 Q ^5 U) w( g* j; P% q/ [4 I用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); 9 R- X" Q v: q
程序例: 
- z# y; h" y6 v#include <SYS\STAT.H>4 [# f& y6 i+ D: @" z
#include <STDIO.H>
9 U/ I V4 O5 w, o/ R#include <TIME.H>
1 v1 i4 L- } H7 @" L#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" * R/ K6 U7 T: R! J
int main(void)
5 l7 {5 S J6 h9 O1 j* s& Z{
6 N4 |7 F# V( z8 M9 ]( k% F0 Wstruct stat statbuf;
" d5 [* }+ x3 }( q2 kFILE *stream; 
$ p E2 H7 n( N4 }+ H/* open a file for update */
+ k y+ g$ M6 Nif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL)
8 Y8 }) L# I( V8 r# P{
* O$ m: }- Q/ ?fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); # W- [0 d+ d, }- ~2 p
return(1);
* `0 e8 v) {& O# ?( h4 ^1 g8 o} ) k0 J6 R- E7 A& w, q! U @
/* get information about the file */ - f( ]6 B; Y: A
stat(FILENAME, &statbuf); ; _" t. T! D* [5 k) P6 u
fclose(stream); 
6 h6 b" D& y, q+ t8 Y6 J1 }/* display the information returned */
" n8 d+ |$ a; B2 T. f6 H$ Kif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)
5 H( L9 q# a6 k2 h, Y2 U3 Rprintf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); & p! w2 v0 D0 S5 R$ m
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
. K+ `0 S" p t% ]1 L3 lprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n");
. b9 I( Q" y: V8 sif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) 6 l2 h$ V3 k4 J, ?6 P, t
printf("User has read permission on file.\n"); + `. q4 ?8 l) Q
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
9 ?( S6 ^& ~; r) fprintf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 5 K5 k! \ T0 ^$ R1 l
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev); . K9 V# b9 {1 G4 k. B% m: ?) J
printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); / e* a W9 m4 B. t
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime)); $ [7 }! u ^9 ~7 R) P
return 0; 6 i) O1 J# Q0 G4 X8 i' ^/ N1 h
}
$ l9 D+ d+ q+ \$ d' H, j6 {% Z/ k7 R1 M% F- m

3 `4 M4 l, C: | @, D! i2 n; V5 \* c; a6 O; g6 {+ ^! X" H
函数名: _status87 # {- f/ L: X. ?3 R% I4 h" i
功能: 取浮点状态
7 } V: s+ |3 ^' }5 ^" x& ^用法: unsigned int _status87(void);
. G* n3 P; x( M0 ^$ ?- \程序例: % ?2 o* e$ T/ N! Z7 m3 R
#include <STDIO.H>
2 T2 u' C7 N1 R; T1 k#include <FLOAT.H>
; t8 ? K- x7 n* ^. L# c) A+ ]$ Nint main(void) ! B; Z) E( m d2 H9 m3 Z
{
( F; r; {5 S: Z6 Cfloat x;
- \- r) f& D9 Z7 r3 y1 {double y = 1.5e-100; 
' \& _' R. k$ r4 r4 Kprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); ( x8 |( D( k: t; F
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
0 _( t4 B( d/ D0 B" Yy = x; 5 m: D* ?1 i& y" }; r
printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87());
# C1 X; ]6 ?( ^+ y$ j; ?return 0; 0 X7 N: F' V- b: A0 h: {$ Z
} 3 y! v& n4 Q( d4 N( j( b6 H d
 n3 U4 L" B2 y' R' G+ ]! z

1 w) }7 T9 v Y- F& N函数名: stime 
" G5 N& Q% [0 _" L5 K& m" k功能: 设置时间 $ m( t+ c; Z ?6 u
用法: int stime(long *tp); ; t( ]4 @: F6 L# r |, }0 u
程序例: 
5 ?" E$ j: Y' C. I#include <STDIO.H>
5 r2 C- d% W" e) g& b: \#include <TIME.H>
7 P' ?3 ~! f8 n6 q$ D1 {1 `#include <DOS.H>5 z9 P4 `5 C' X4 |5 n- {
int main(void)
( r' p* K5 O/ b( I0 `{ " z5 r5 W% z" V- v- X0 b( ?9 K% f
time_t t;
) S0 C+ }% t( G, T3 X1 M6 t$ Rstruct tm *area; 
1 \! c1 u3 d% M. Ot = time(NULL); ; V3 R% I! ]2 \* I8 R
area = localtime(&t);
$ ]; q! G3 ~8 sprintf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); " Y8 f% J% l8 v' U& u
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); : b2 J. H( k& b2 W& _
t++;
. T# b* y1 X+ k& o# T1 ^+ V# D$ farea = localtime(&t); / w# D4 R7 x0 t$ L1 L# g) {
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); : N& j. t$ ~* }, {7 J
t += 60; 5 J* j% j5 C% I. V, } @
area = localtime(&t); # O ^. y* |; f v7 i! d
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 
/ r! ?. y8 y+ }4 L) yt += 3600;
 T. H( W/ |1 ]* b* _area = localtime(&t); ' E* D. g% x7 N7 ^
printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); ; S* x; C# c: n- a# ~1 t. k
t += 86400L;
# E2 E2 f* T) z% T( n$ U9 h1 carea = localtime(&t);
4 T+ ^/ r5 C& o3 Q# r, i; [printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 
- x. j+ w$ Y3 d- U7 K, _t += 2592000L; $ j& L& n2 H9 ?7 t8 V% m G
area = localtime(&t); 0 v7 K- ] U# F/ M/ Q
printf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); . Y! B+ N5 ]* P9 |: w- ^
t += 31536000L; ) [- x0 {6 D+ D
area = localtime(&t);
/ `) g3 G6 {- p) d& h/ n3 Fprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); - G4 a _2 M0 o) a$ w4 Z
return 0; 2 o3 H0 X' K2 V$ T {2 B
} 
* {2 b" B9 H6 w0 v6 g7 k# T7 _+ Q: v- }; d1 H( S: w# `+ B

% p2 y$ }2 S" L- g9 W& G7 S
 K7 B7 k4 T0 o函数名: stpcpy 
* R8 V2 f& k7 r7 V3 M8 L2 P9 b, F功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
! L8 z9 F1 W4 C' s9 Q用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); # }* p1 X( |* c$ z
程序例: 4 t0 i y3 d: C* `9 [# P, J
#include <STDIO.H>
4 b* E3 P$ F8 _2 Z8 h; z6 d6 W6 [#include <STRING.H> m, f, f7 p F" W: g) |
int main(void)
3 y d3 p& @. P, ^# n{ % D# b) i/ a: H6 x: Q8 t: Z
char string[10];
% m2 [7 |: }. s' Echar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
3 Q* o" M$ h, N$ t) F* [. sstpcpy(string, str1); % k1 u5 K! G* K
printf("%s\n", string); . Q# }) k/ ] w# @
return 0; # T/ R7 E6 k* k& P2 r. D
} ! d# c# _3 r( v" g7 O
 g1 j7 N+ y" S2 @$ Z& c6 B

3 N6 Y; N( U$ {& R0 C5 F
0 k' i9 a; b7 j/ A函数名: strcat 
6 y: z) W6 A/ ^) D8 x: c# J/ a功能: 字符串拼接函数
 V1 k' q, M- ]! j用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
5 q) r% @. v0 _* ]" `! n# Q/ ^; F程序例: 
3 f" l9 W9 |$ o/ `1 d- W#include <STRING.H>4 q) t1 `0 I3 h8 l6 R2 j
#include <STDIO.H>2 Z. v0 V# y8 Q0 \' {
int main(void) 7 H( y' r+ u$ z E, a7 T# F
{
. b. S$ E/ ?; U) h8 s1 A+ R* N. ]$ F0 tchar destination[25]; D7 O$ w+ F' b/ _9 o
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; - [$ V! ?; W2 c ]' F( p
strcpy(destination, Borland);
+ _& I7 C/ ~7 C$ {& Y! {* _) m+ ^strcat(destination, blank);
# ?: ]+ W4 v' V0 c/ kstrcat(destination, c); 
& P) \' _- X3 O% D- i7 _, X4 u9 ]printf("%s\n", destination); 8 o4 h6 H, _4 i/ s
return 0; ! l; T( p) U0 Q& d; a2 q. ^" _/ g
}
& z9 ?+ D' \) p) i7 M/ C
1 h3 @, `# M& V2 t0 N" x; F& _( J
4 F& ~3 j% p$ p
. z9 h; f! D2 {2 k函数名: strchr 
- J+ o9 u" {: r* {: c" B功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ : K% z3 ^0 v, g
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); 2 |1 p2 C. @! [, T$ w8 b
程序例: 9 k$ Q# f; c( @+ N$ L- ?; S5 ]
#include <STRING.H>
6 R5 |! r# d" b+ |#include <STDIO.H>
& ]& S- N) W/ q, ?0 ? Aint main(void)
1 F: R$ E k( E I1 o0 P+ d: P{
9 i3 v9 p8 w( E- Z( J6 F, `char string[15]; 0 F3 U& R* [: S2 b' x
char *ptr, c = 'r'; : P; e( w" G8 S; s" l
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); 4 n# f' }4 }* k; K* H& G
ptr = strchr(string, c);
 D) d. E5 x; K v$ \/ ^if (ptr) * L3 }' a2 h3 B
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); & m: [! M3 P p Y
else
* B9 S* M/ l0 o6 J/ tprintf("The character was not found\n");
8 ~# P( z+ f5 B/ Q1 `/ b, B% y, @return 0; 4 c$ b/ {1 L: |
} 2 E' I4 q. k8 M! x6 D }

. _7 U+ r$ L* @% F: m
/ R: h! c* E) @$ \* K
2 \; w* R5 y. C5 R4 |0 I函数名: strcmp
5 R \& L2 }3 b功能: 串比较
" i/ ~7 k! f4 O0 u* b用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); $ p- d# t) ^4 Y2 _5 X2 N
程序例: 1 c4 p* [# ?( G( {/ C
#include <STRING.H>
1 H7 D- c9 c, T2 c! D#include <STDIO.H>
) w2 G( O# B6 F* E2 pint main(void) 1 I1 I- z* B+ r: `. c+ n+ O
{
" T% W1 \. o) o+ O( c& P9 p/ [char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
' |$ j6 }5 q3 W* v' pint ptr; ; w5 T) [! p" V/ y6 g
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
( y' [& V9 E% A$ Uif (ptr > 0) 6 k) z) F) H" w# D
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); " G' v( D" z7 U% S6 I l/ _
else
* K" w3 }! ~1 S* p: g( Z gprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); - d- A+ b3 ]2 R5 }+ B/ U
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); 9 H9 F2 J5 A% X C4 `9 n
if (ptr > 0) * [2 U0 L! N0 L; G
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
4 Q, P6 ^9 _" n, r9 P5 X8 ?3 kelse + R9 p5 X6 O- N( i) `3 K% n
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
- l. }* }( @5 f0 Y5 }0 T& s6 hreturn 0; ( W8 y2 P: Q9 J ]
}
# S- }" z5 O8 E, e/ P* R
* Q! O+ U) O- m! k- G
" O4 Y4 x l$ Q) q7 y1 f. a0 @5 ~" `# U
函数名: strncmpi % O3 M: ?7 j! r) C, t4 q& k9 ~ h
功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 + o( x0 v7 v- L) n! p# C/ U
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); % L+ y7 P+ q, I) Y
程序例: 
; v, d# p' `( y' B#include <STRING.H>6 O0 B" c6 v$ g3 r: ~# ~
#include <STDIO.H>
: N4 l5 z4 ~. k% A( vint main(void)
: h6 u/ E8 q$ ^; |{ & m; K) [1 b; x
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; . g# V, E/ w/ z( i
int ptr; t5 C, W. v. V9 a! Y9 b3 t
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); ! \7 b$ a9 _; I! F/ X3 c) U. j3 t
if (ptr > 0)
( w, {' J* X* W, Q& }printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 7 J' `; W% v T" e4 a. |
if (ptr < 0)
7 {9 G8 n" N% j* s, e" d5 ?printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
" V( l" C1 x" [+ c( p. l7 ]' A0 C5 Nif (ptr == 0)
/ d8 g( W. N8 H+ n6 r2 B; y! Pprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
) f7 K4 I* |7 ~+ Lreturn 0;
* {3 Q# m" Y: d& _4 |, B}
5 Z1 ~) Y% d6 O8 i r4 ?
1 m e8 g- Y9 ^( F5 Y3 s0 M/ n! f& |

6 {8 [) R% i% G3 i4 F函数名: strcpy 2 G1 Q0 F* t" w
功能: 串拷贝 + O- Y2 t9 X: u/ t1 a
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); . _# [6 X7 L0 q7 S0 `6 W
程序例: # v8 r2 `/ o& o
#include <STDIO.H>) R1 e0 x: }. A, r8 {- t
#include <STRING.H>: r7 w! j( ?. Y, I+ g
int main(void) 9 ~; H9 Q& A- Q0 t3 @
{
 i7 U* e* j3 u& X! M& L, P$ q6 e% qchar string[10]; N1 R5 A+ C( ?, n0 w3 }! k1 |, z
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; " N% l0 S+ K" R; I- m- O& C4 L
strcpy(string, str1);
% U8 z, {( N* w R% _% {printf("%s\n", string);
4 g4 |% {4 X1 o/ ?: ireturn 0;
, h9 J$ b. F+ f& q/ L}
: J. a4 g% r) Z" N( B
1 g$ E4 K `4 U9 t& A* d* @# m& t( |8 `. \* X7 B
 A+ U. _& ]/ m! D# `& V
函数名: strcspn 
8 |) m& r2 [; y% P" V功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
% Y; `! h' W8 K+ K R& H用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
 N8 x$ q/ ?5 \* [- w5 P程序例: ' ^- B. k4 P8 H8 {% a- m/ D" x' R
#include <STDIO.H>
" I- V9 h0 f+ M4 `#include <STRING.H>7 }# B& K+ t% m' d& {1 X
#include <ALLOC.H>
& \2 N$ E q% d2 T+ rint main(void)
0 U3 d$ M6 K5 e0 Y* O1 w6 ?& u{ . q6 y$ a' O- U& o2 V0 g2 j7 G
char *string1 = "1234567890"; , m) e; f+ S' ^& N! Y( Q# Q
char *string2 = "747DC8"; : Y, i5 ~& W# o9 D
int length; 
! |( f* x9 Q, o4 F3 ?- w }length = strcspn(string1, string2); - j( ~' k7 \7 }' |. [: q
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
$ T) h1 i% r3 c5 g7 wreturn 0; 1 O! g) w O c6 d8 k, A
}
2 e; u2 }7 e, V! r F+ H
. { Q z' r8 T0 c4 s! P8 e$ r P! L# w/ q0 k, v/ ~

& |* R2 K" `5 o" p2 N8 u函数名: strdup 2 s7 r! h9 k8 ]1 J7 h1 I2 E$ [
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
+ [$ t/ R1 F) c) N; `0 @用法: char *strdup(char *str);
) O5 E1 U! X O2 c4 G程序例: 2 M& V# E5 ^: t4 F; F$ M2 ?; ]/ I
#include <STDIO.H>
6 V: j! o% V5 R9 {#include <STRING.H>
/ h5 W; U- q+ S/ M$ S! I9 o3 L, R4 }4 p#include <ALLOC.H>
2 g y5 ]. e( t- G T! H" i6 n: Cint main(void)
4 I# p Z% o* y3 |/ E5 G{ 9 c* N* \$ l) _8 o Y9 d0 m
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 8 I% }& g! P+ Y# L) {8 T
dup_str = strdup(string); . J- k8 P0 Y& Z; R$ x
printf("%s\n", dup_str); ) Y: \3 I/ m- n! [+ P. t6 U
free(dup_str); 
7 ~. u! c) v4 g% D5 s5 ?' mreturn 0; . d; v; I) V0 ?. w' @$ ~
}
/ |: ?/ p. Y0 r X! Y4 c) X7 Y; a2 L/ v

 i* @5 b, w+ n) \/ r/ @6 d3 e* ?7 `: D+ C7 b9 V
函数名: stricmp 
+ D: g- r3 D! N功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 , Q: b7 r+ O7 H0 b5 i" g
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
$ U4 Z4 ] P! S# F H4 ]2 S程序例: ! d* U; p0 i7 Y* j
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
% e& I; D- W. P0 h2 u( ~int main(void)
' l2 q7 j; f6 W{
* ^ D6 W5 k$ B- E1 y# Hchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
0 e6 `2 A% w: T2 Q' Qint ptr; 
1 v3 m: y5 W/ P$ qptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
# y# K& Y7 @$ {0 g) Eif (ptr > 0)
4 X; j$ w" T8 d; a7 Oprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); / q& p4 ?7 n4 {; ^
if (ptr < 0) 6 P7 o& e9 I* ?$ o
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 2 p" F1 i2 F7 R
if (ptr == 0)
& E: b/ w; z7 X; {0 D5 e+ c" U4 dprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); . U1 ~; v& v$ e
return 0;
- I9 N/ X- O9 X) E}
% V8 W, ?1 S6 X& I" Q7 Y( q0 z7 Z, D2 k- Q7 |

, I6 }- k8 K- W: N; q! ^6 {- l, E函数名: strerror 
9 v4 h# D! S g0 l* S功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 , P' m, c1 J+ Q1 w" i( c7 I" g
用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
5 Q* V5 q m/ o& H# ~程序例: 
" d' h& H, n' D, N6 o#include <STDIO.H>$ e. I) m# o7 C: X' t/ z6 f
#include <ERRNO.H>3 N7 y- Y( E9 g- C
int main(void) ' z' k. h0 }$ X/ [2 F% L& U; m& ]- J
{ 5 X g" h3 k1 a% M5 a3 U1 c
char *buffer; 2 B- s- A5 Z( H9 g
buffer = strerror(errno);
5 [7 \# j9 h8 nprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
' d1 ]: Z5 s, Z+ A8 greturn 0;
& M4 k1 p* v3 c- R( {: j8 H. k} 0 \8 s* T. \) l, @ N: i% i
) A8 T. j. S3 B# X% {/ P

2 X2 Y7 C9 Q- [( \ M5 P
- z" r: V1 ~0 \# _9 U2 z/ o函数名: strcmpi ( D1 p' f& `7 L2 |( e# l7 X
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 2 G6 l! Z, X$ U/ `! _$ e5 m
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
! J: E1 [! D! \$ G程序例: 6 M# L! L) ?! r# H6 |) \
#include <STRING.H>* |" M) b* E3 C
#include <STDIO.H># u$ g% h/ u5 J5 H! k* Q% y6 l) p
int main(void) 3 h4 p. G' i, l+ a" X+ k- o
{
1 f2 E2 E- I) X1 [" E0 m$ zchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
: G q2 E7 g0 |( K. x2 P; c' r" Wint ptr; 
/ A3 [7 o, z: ?, N% S% X. rptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
. X+ E4 h$ ~/ Q$ z2 x& [if (ptr > 0) & K+ U: d; U5 [. e- s
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); : j( y/ Y7 c0 V- r* J
if (ptr < 0) # c7 s% ?, h& L) K9 L
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 6 T" A" a( a1 F- q
if (ptr == 0)
3 A" u8 |5 g: U( \, Q2 S- Qprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 6 W2 C7 U+ t4 O
return 0;
: d5 ~ j. J$ s( Y4 h( `} " B* C. Y9 v6 M. E3 V

0 O. M; m- |/ ~, F
# o; }' K* f$ K/ P A. W$ [$ Z; ^8 x% O
函数名: strncmp $ P6 p3 E9 `* j. Q1 l6 C
功能: 串比较
1 D$ W. D) i* C7 x: ^用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
2 i8 Z4 q* E- d( X程序例: & e1 t- m" K* p ^ u+ Z+ g
#include <STRING.H>% q$ p% @, g* C) G+ a
#include <STDIO.H>
" f+ m! P7 L& ?8 F, h/ T* w3 Hint main(void) 
0 f- z8 V0 t5 j" `6 w! a1 I{
# n% `0 M2 p7 n$ c5 Schar *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";
$ A6 n% `* b+ |' y/ \! Dint ptr; 
% n, E' L0 u- j, b$ \9 t [ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); , N& g% }& D0 P0 h
if (ptr > 0)
9 p, T* [3 M7 G5 |printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); " v9 O c% b" \( ~- @
else
# ^+ y2 |: P- `# H8 O5 ]printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
5 U9 x' [0 Y& e9 U0 dptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
) O" g# F+ x9 ~/ _if (ptr > 0)
" H! g1 C( s; j9 h8 V. |: J I; jprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); ' h% B* h1 Z( n# K& z6 k5 C' [
else * n, O& `+ e6 q! Y7 d0 r
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 6 s% n) [4 E( y" _
return(0);
+ a$ J3 X. V5 x: Z ^- a9 G}
; ~. p1 R$ r. J, `' R# i/ o3 p' M4 f; {

7 p# o) o, o/ Y* \3 | _- L( j函数名: strncmpi 
. M. ]' y" |+ S/ R4 i3 h' A+ `功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
6 R5 y! l7 ]1 v: |6 z& P5 t: s8 I; `用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
% [3 h( R( B3 \+ p, }- D程序例: 4 ~5 w2 d; ]3 c: ?* l
#include <STRING.H>
! _6 P& t+ i" ?# `) l1 P9 O8 U) C#include <STDIO.H>
4 ?& x& h( x4 i& Y( s" o/ Zint main(void) 8 J4 C& |9 B# {
{ 9 k# S2 O. m+ j. g. n
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
# Q3 `+ @) L: ], Tint ptr; 
5 J! Y& p1 O A" eptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); ( a% ~8 A i( l# w. f" J8 F$ |( o
if (ptr > 0)
% \ w; n/ b. uprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
4 c" y2 C' X6 D7 Z: h& M9 rif (ptr < 0) 6 i# l% m6 u; C2 i& u. i
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 1 ?% f' F/ A9 m9 e
if (ptr == 0)
8 o v% {9 m, h1 D- l, Y( sprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
* K& u1 R! x; Y% ~7 w& N$ L% mreturn 0; 
9 M3 O( |; W5 ~% Q1 ]) r} / ?$ S$ p2 W' t( \% F e

4 ]0 x8 U( T5 D; x& F @' c
& U1 t# W8 e* v* f' e函数名: strncpy ' J2 J6 |8 E- S- J1 M0 g+ f8 ~
功能: 串拷贝
: z E9 h0 X7 d& E$ E用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
; {1 i. b. l, {7 ]8 s8 }. X程序例: * V& D7 w2 f; h
#include <STDIO.H>
. o0 J- R5 T) C9 O. H0 s#include <STRING.H>
% d1 R9 b0 I3 \3 i+ f8 pint main(void) ! D: t B5 p, g- B/ i
{ 5 d" j: F' g* O5 p
char string[10];
( s$ Q4 b! B: @( ~5 Y+ \char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
 b2 H8 {4 F5 xstrncpy(string, str1, 3);
4 K/ l9 A+ e, c2 K- t. q$ fstring[3] = '\0'; ; | R" Z ]( Y" j& c4 s+ J
printf("%s\n", string);
9 H$ `. y* U# f$ n3 F. f! Vreturn 0; 5 Y: _3 }! s) K3 E
} $ D5 x* R& O8 X3 V& P8 `2 g$ h& z
* Z9 A( {; z, }6 Q M& ?( r9 u8 V

* i1 v! l6 ?) [, ~5 C/ I函数名: strnicmp 
3 W1 y& D7 r* _' w2 C; L d( N8 C功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
3 r5 X# N4 _* h用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
# v9 `4 p: m* t+ D2 z1 z# O' c! r9 ?程序例: 
+ d# g; M5 L, o, ~#include <STRING.H>* c; p9 s/ }! ^2 P" C6 ~1 O4 y
#include <STDIO.H>6 k& F n6 M/ b- }! d
int main(void)
1 c7 B. l6 g# r2 S, f, Y{
7 ]7 [# H9 L) y; Kchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; / C; Z4 Z) O* }6 G( ^+ |' }! V9 @& ]
int ptr; " h$ w/ B2 H: n
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
# E" ^! p0 g% j- J. zif (ptr > 0)
- B8 G; l O7 C( hprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
8 s4 O6 F$ ?4 b( Aif (ptr < 0) " |: u, q6 i* D' ?3 f
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
5 D3 ^$ E8 `2 ^: }# sif (ptr == 0) / Q1 ?# m6 D6 U9 C
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
# ~ f* F; Z8 i! `$ Y8 K0 `- a" [return 0;
7 S$ h7 b5 @, R}
0 v4 F9 F; c q* l: f" ?6 v, r/ b8 W3 T; A7 L) `+ V7 s

% o7 W0 E5 j, L8 d8 ?$ H9 T/ l% m
4 J5 `7 h& }; V# I! N% R函数名: strnset / P; @+ s: m0 t
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 + u5 M) P! W% G/ L/ c k3 H, ]
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
! H- |9 m9 p4 i9 ]程序例: ( w5 A( p) S. j1 B9 s r
#include <STDIO.H>
6 G) P8 M& U( i1 y7 G7 }#include <STRING.H>! E; D# a) ~0 _6 b- u* V; x/ C) Y
int main(void) ( e, q4 Q' I/ \# e+ {+ `5 c# E. X, K
{
9 K& F$ J' W8 Z. zchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
: o2 y, h! V; Tchar letter = 'x'; 
 N1 [5 |, s) Y+ l+ mprintf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
3 }0 m4 ~7 k5 q( W1 n3 ]strnset(string, letter, 13);
/ m& O0 M4 z# j2 i% [printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 
& ~5 c# F; F# R( d8 Creturn 0; 4 k1 ?) X5 I* Y5 O6 R
}
- r3 [ Z z7 _" z4 o1 z; |+ a: I, e( e+ C) ?9 I# y s

3 ]3 z! }" O1 V @2 u% o! V& Q/ S函数名: strpbrk ' `0 U2 `; T' _& q
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 * ~+ }% O7 G! U2 u$ E% Q3 x
用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); ; j9 {2 W3 [% v0 H1 H+ Y# n: P
程序例: v0 C5 c0 [3 ?+ u1 S% _# Q
#include <STDIO.H>
4 R* Y: S6 I, ~#include <STRING.H># `4 I) b9 P7 i; h
int main(void)
$ Q# r5 A/ E: T9 j c5 J; R{ 6 r" I4 D* ?) X+ m+ ]
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; " N3 [6 Y, z3 X' }% z9 c3 l
char *string2 = "onm"; % m$ t6 p$ Z5 Q V! F
char *ptr; ( ?8 K4 N0 u, Q+ m0 @
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
/ f4 F1 g4 W( [, k2 m ?if (ptr)
+ [: N. F2 x" r$ o% |- L' h! g9 _printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
5 p+ Z* }7 ^+ o2 Melse
! X$ E4 S$ _$ W0 vprintf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 8 h! q& U7 i- Y5 z4 y
return 0; $ @1 l% }, d7 p4 U
}
8 l. P! p4 O# o
* D- Y$ R$ Y3 W) T+ g4 Z
5 A8 `3 Y) Y }8 q4 C; H/ |, H! r& F% I7 }' h8 v3 _% A/ \( X
函数名: strrchr 
% d3 M1 B! M$ z7 Z功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 & t7 q7 g4 U, |- B
用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); 1 P; j( p/ \: N! i6 o, f3 w( b a
程序例: + O8 }1 n) C2 X* L4 R7 I
#include <STRING.H>
# x# `6 h7 \' ^) Q' C! ?* x#include <STDIO.H>
 X* e7 y" j' P- V2 c" ]int main(void) 2 I+ ?( k. p e& C, j
{ $ ?) O& N" A* }8 x9 F
char string[15]; & A) X9 R4 U1 r J* b# _
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
" O! U/ }, Q8 h+ f) d1 [strcpy(string, "This is a string"); " O& Y% Z* N) j4 g9 K( \% n8 ] J7 w
ptr = strrchr(string, c); 9 P* r4 S) p& I$ J2 R. X; ]
if (ptr) 9 L z7 T* r! y, V7 p: ^: W
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
! |' B$ b5 ]2 D+ Nelse
& s- ^# `$ V5 S# P% g$ j$ m# Lprintf("The character was not found\n");
) m1 M4 ^: q6 ^( preturn 0; ( O7 N" N' @8 x' p" Z
} % X y# |! X- x
6 R( |: p$ j4 h( Q' }0 D

* [8 h) x' o. E/ Z4 a$ V( j( q. m1 E! ?' Z; d. s
函数名: strrev ' {% ?* Y$ i+ c* U7 y) h
功能: 串倒转
' f3 i% P2 J! Z用法: char *strrev(char *str); ; o$ S# C2 B& f, h% a, [6 z
程序例: : f6 W8 T% M8 @/ g O' a/ l
#include <STRING.H>* Q( c! `+ L. z6 A. `; \) | c
#include <STDIO.H>
% `4 \$ e+ H! b8 z8 pint main(void) ' Z1 l% L; x0 f+ f9 b% ]& k* L
{ 8 v$ [& O9 P( m3 I5 j K; V2 h
char *forward = "string"; 
$ F; N1 ]! d1 N( p8 A1 aprintf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward); ' T% m# u) M* j
strrev(forward); 4 K6 }& Y6 Y1 Y7 H0 P. l
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward); : n8 K3 z6 ?" `* e/ t9 ~) k% t1 D
return 0; 9 g: x/ _2 _ O' e8 a$ u
} 
4 m, }/ `0 ^1 _, r3 r! |8 N/ y
+ h, L* l2 h% } j函数名: strset 
+ @/ U2 H+ j) F! G功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 ! F7 O3 Y6 ~6 C. W
用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); 5 i0 u$ [* D3 ~5 S+ o
程序例: 
* n4 Q5 b% N" j# v#include <STDIO.H>
& g3 l1 O/ C! V1 c+ d0 h#include <STRING.H>" o _" i; W8 q5 m5 P, |
int main(void)
1 z5 v+ J$ S; i6 W: K; C# {{ D% Q: o( O( k- ^1 U8 |9 ]
char string[10] = "123456789"; 1 N5 h5 v: P& g3 n. z. w) h4 j- X
char symbol = 'c'; $ T. j% B% x6 d7 E) P/ F4 s" Z
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string); 0 ]+ w/ N0 q/ {9 @
strset(string, symbol); 9 W- t) \8 R F5 M- x) ~, p4 @% w
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string); 1 r9 B" r# U7 p7 p" ?
return 0;
5 Q; C7 A( H% i) D) c} * T3 }5 L6 D7 \# Y

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# T; q( m, i6 G8 z, H# ]# q
8 g- R( l: v$ z: V% ^函数名: strspn , ^ J5 \) } W$ L
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
* @7 s) i, |/ @9 C' ~# B; A( v' @( ^用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); 9 h# P. d8 f) `3 w: A8 T. {& L
程序例: : a" i2 f8 V4 o. d4 Y# G2 h; W
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>3 p2 ^& a7 p, ?4 R3 H& [7 D7 t
#include <ALLOC.H>% v( ^. }- ^6 b. V; q/ d
int main(void) 7 U% t/ T( I: t- m' n$ T
{ + f2 |" `: W4 V: R' x+ C8 T
char *string1 = "1234567890"; * c: c5 H0 n% _; T1 K
char *string2 = "123DC8"; 9 @0 c0 @2 o2 B# D( @
int length; 
" l) [& I2 P! s4 T; {: C3 W* _length = strspn(string1, string2); 5 j. L& p- c- a$ q
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
: _+ C2 r% a; e% U4 ]" preturn 0; x8 A- U! V2 t$ e4 S
} ; }4 P; q# P8 t
% ?( r- e0 B @: D

! U5 w1 d2 f& [. ?- ?3 r函数名: strstr # c5 V( R- A6 c
功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 1 Z4 G, ?# F0 Z- h" {
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); 7 E4 W1 x7 K; o# ?5 s" J* c- O
程序例: 
# L* K+ x- p( ]* E6 I! h#include <STDIO.H>8 `) a7 F0 I+ i7 B9 U2 N7 E6 T
#include <STRING.H>
 H+ t4 N! H! D1 a3 X5 M! Hint main(void)
8 B& S+ B! k% v- z{
' l* ^# h1 O) z2 jchar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
4 W# _0 ], ?) O1 s: wptr = strstr(str1, str2);
. v z5 U# u* r: W: pprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
- i' P' | C% F o9 |return 0; . B. ]. J0 U+ t
} 
: v% k- [) o/ e
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函数名: strtod # K7 ?' u, Y9 s% \9 {
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值
$ H" u' z& Z" L4 G. ^8 q用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
) o0 e$ y6 }1 N# \' y/ g2 U6 {* e程序例: 
% E8 B2 H5 `& n6 T+ E* D#include <STDIO.H>
- m8 g0 A' d, e b. I#include <STDLIB.H>
2 ]5 m9 M8 k" c' iint main(void)
" e3 x+ N, Y9 A6 c& d0 J$ D2 w' x{
; u# u# n+ v; ~( j1 W& Vchar input[80], *endptr;
2 Q; d5 u$ Q3 Ddouble value; 
- b5 F+ |3 b/ F$ I% J( X9 d! Oprintf("Enter a floating point number:");
( x$ f2 X2 _/ O- k6 v, ?& ugets(input);
; p0 }: I2 K3 g. Ivalue = strtod(input, &endptr); / x' @5 D# a, ?4 f0 h2 j. j
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); 8 o$ I/ O, {$ ?' K( T/ r
return 0; 4 Z$ ^- u! y% a" g2 K6 H5 z
}
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* {4 O& h) v8 z4 n
5 S/ j* a9 u9 y& F, o函数名: strtok , d" Q/ e$ a6 x( M
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 / w8 K! t1 S: [& U* d
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2); - P0 n' x$ r: Z' X$ ?
程序例: 5 g9 r& D7 }1 _/ I' a
#include <STRING.H>
8 y7 q# p& N- z( m#include <STDIO.H>
8 ^- W: c# x c* Q& G9 a, Vint main(void)
* J! `; d# m8 W. o* f{
 m# Y3 w! T) _; Wchar input[16] = "abc,d"; 3 d0 t. E9 Y$ E* n
char *p; . s% }/ ^- d' F. G0 q
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
% \ S* w' ^# o# yin front of the token, if found */
0 T" W" r% g- v: d# V: s) {p = strtok(input, ",");
& g7 S X% L- aif (p) printf("%s\n", p); ! D4 A$ }3 `- q6 ?! h! N
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL : w' z m* y) Y# C% Q& Q
as the first parameter returns a pointer $ W, @ l' t# U2 O; t' ~9 L
to the character following the token */ - [5 s3 C) W+ u7 k
p = strtok(NULL, ",");
9 {0 b( f) n9 jif (p) printf("%s\n", p);
4 C( $ T" \* r$ f2 Vreturn 0; ) }/ {: h3 H) M7 q6 A7 m( q g+ K
}
0 c# g) h; $ j- G4 a% @+ r2 f8 p! O! {' y% q

* r/ C* j. p0 w
; Y) r0 F3 } t- W函数名: strtol 6 w4 b' P" N; q, t
功能: 将串转换为长整数
' X5 i- B$ Y2 ?8 L. y% {" k用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
/ ?! e& _- @* u程序例: ; P4 j. P% ?9 n {! {
#include <STDLIB.H>$ D4 S; \' N) L9 y: X% K' O0 t
#include <STDIO.H>
5 ?7 p+ W: Y; b# o- ]int main(void) 2 \" K" E0 q6 X" q
{ : i! p5 @( ]; X7 B u
char *string = "87654321", *endptr; # }/ O4 s: W3 s- b$ l/ o* H
long lnumber; / ?/ }& u0 M6 t$ T" q* V
/* strtol converts string to long integer */ 0 d D) S' b1 d/ ^
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); & ~. f f8 D' ]) k
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); . Z: H* C' V9 S& v- [
return 0;
0 U/ K, W) C& @9 `7 @/ e4 q. n} 7 v- f+ ~ F9 T
/ \& m+ b/ P# C6 [
函数名: strupr 
/ m2 X6 k) @" U2 I. }功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
/ m9 s: F: m9 w8 z, D4 i用法: char *strupr(char *str);
1 ^" J* c# Q5 M程序例: 
, Z6 \0 m7 c% c9 j. S8 P" T3 l#include <STDIO.H>! q9 C2 v. u+ ]
#include <STRING.H>; f- ^; W: `4 w7 C$ @! k4 I' F' C
int main(void) ; U, H8 D0 s+ n& \: r3 n' H) E6 D3 M
{ ) Q' Y/ I9 F2 T4 X
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 3 e/ U, P1 M9 l2 Y/ q& {/ f( n$ F
/* converts string to upper case characters */
+ [$ q1 N9 p: ]: tptr = strupr(string);
' h6 U* E. c" R4 _7 Vprintf("%s\n", ptr); : S1 W! a5 U* O7 {
return 0;
, Z# b3 s; d6 ?* E) R. E}
: c6 Z( X1 [5 Y3 b7 @! J" I
$ r* w9 `: h! `( N1 ?8 l& h. z- U7 p/ f8 ]( C, ~& ]. q/ \$ y

, J; |1 z2 Z5 Y4 {) x. j函数名: swab 
. w% m4 w" k' x: k& {5 l3 K: U( T功能: 交换字节 6 K D" T( g! C% Q
用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
* J2 D( n0 [. G1 ~+ i* e程序例: 
* K; n" c% _" o7 v! I#include <STDLIB.H>
8 [6 P3 N- ?4 _& w' h% j! A @#include <STDIO.H>
( v4 V; p$ k0 L2 _( G- L#include <STRING.H>& {) p( E7 e) X" m
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; * i+ [/ z2 E' c3 ?) u @
char target[15]; ; p+ `0 S0 k" g; W1 s
int main(void) 1 l0 |( C& M2 M9 e2 P5 I0 L
{
4 N" R" {' {* `7 d7 m: {swab(source, target, strlen(source)); . n* \6 ]4 Y l; U
printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
5 B8 g% r+ P) Q7 ^% |3 oreturn 0;
# S# e) H( F" D. w0 O}
# m4 c! C& u. ~( E' _0 S2 s* u& V

2 j3 _) K) Y; c- m# Z @- U( g
! F8 _8 S1 w5 Z) ~/ t: t' T( i" D; N函数名: system ; r- C8 g" p; k5 ]% V2 c% b/ v
功能: 发出一个DOS命令
% ?7 l* E6 Z) z: g. x! a j: G. V用法: int system(char *command); ; G( N/ _; W+ {3 Z6 _; R
程序例: , f: r4 H* c, @. Z" X3 c
#include <STDLIB.H>
" @9 T7 A: h& R9 p9 U#include <STDIO.H>4 Q% r# m8 W% R( ?
int main(void)
8 A, V( N' q7 f& ?{ a- X8 d" c' {) A# I1 z- ^
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n"); # f" n6 j( l6 N$ r! z0 `
system("dir");
6 L, o8 ]- F8 o4 Treturn 0; : S, v5 G" B: C0 g; z0 p4 n2 P$ Q
}