查看: 2983|回复: 0

函数大全(s开头)

字体大小: 正常放大

韩冰

823 主题	3 听众	4048 积分

我的地盘我做主

该用户从未签到

电梯直达

1^#

发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

|招呼Ta 关注Ta

<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); * L& y; u& Y" _! ` W5 k+ G+ [
/* display the gray scale */
9 H0 W' P _2 J% n' aht = getmaxy() / 16; 5 N- W: n6 O: p) r! {% ?4 ?. z4 y5 g
xmax = getmaxx(); + q. u* ]7 L+ b) u: l3 V$ g7 y
y = 0; 2 x# u! _' v6 `% S2 ~7 v
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
/ o7 y H* z0 ^/ G- z, Psetfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
( ^+ \; F' `1 Dbar(0, y, xmax, y+ht);
6 D0 o# M) x. M# r5 H6 jy += ht;
5 q# J* K8 s' h/ h6 G# c# D: i! q} - B* D4 d @' @+ L5 l9 K
/* clean up */
" C6 h. {6 r; k. S$ b3 Ugetch();
0 F5 C" G6 O) t! B, bclosegraph(); , Z- @" \2 N! p' m
return 0;
8 W: z9 F; s* u- _$ W$ |}
7 x# k5 l% c4 S
- `! Q) V" A0 k3 ^
- n+ Y( F' Z7 l. \ Z. S$ {# s: I( b
* r# V4 U. V7 f# L0 z* h! z函数名: settextjustify 
 q. s- h3 P4 v& l功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
9 b F0 m# ~# p+ ~7 a- l用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); % Q* q( y/ z8 X: y
程序例: 2 h6 X! k$ t& P% n
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
/ X3 H' ~: Q, ~" ^' |#include <STDLIB.H>' l# m; N s- q! W
#include <STDIO.H>! f8 h4 \( p' x0 c# q- f7 Y3 M& V/ q. I
#include <CONIO.H>% ~" a1 P, G: @% L: m4 R
/* function prototype */ 3 x, z1 r6 x$ x
void xat(int x, int y); 
* \. M$ [6 e0 G1 ]9 \1 H/* horizontal text justification settings */ # d" g) y @! p0 M% u0 h! H
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", " s8 I& \+ _7 h
"CENTER_TEXT",
5 Z* S/ z7 ?1 G4 k"RIGHT_TEXT" 7 \( H, y$ w5 Z+ i- S9 Q, [
}; 8 ^+ ^ t/ E! T: Q! n$ f2 [
/* vertical text justification settings */ 5 h8 D. K! Z" |1 B ]
char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", - S6 B2 S& J! D7 a8 T. G% ~3 J- P/ C
"CENTER_TEXT", # [8 P2 k2 J% A0 y) s
"RIGHT_TEXT" & z& c* c. [+ `5 k" o
}; 
4 ] J! R# Y+ m: mint main(void)
 v4 v/ P; }" O{
* O4 m; x, T; T( m( w0 Z2 W0 ]/* request auto detection */ 7 [* Q4 P, Q2 |6 r2 Y+ a1 z
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
/ [* \5 M& s+ ]- zint midx, midy, hj, vj;
) G. y& V2 u& ]+ A3 \. ]char msg[80]; 
/ y: T( k# R+ X/* initialize graphics and local variables */
$ K I/ D K) Y6 \* Q# [initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); / Q8 d. {8 I. l6 n) F
/* read result of initialization */
% N1 ^8 o, y6 Z4 h7 N- Cerrorcode = graphresult(); 0 p9 u- S$ p# o% d" v
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 1 V. w- c% ]+ B+ M1 Q5 G1 X
{ 0 p! w2 v) C; K
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
; u9 @% C% M4 q* R$ T1 R- E. {printf("Press any key to halt:");
; i3 _9 p }( v% {getch(); H1 c- T) f! c; Y9 V7 G
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
3 R1 |! D8 v$ E& w t} ' q8 I- `. @( N8 ?. A
midx = getmaxx() / 2; * I: Z' b* K" x* f6 C, `
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
) |: p/ K9 V9 n/* loop through text justifications */ 1 F6 L( V) `, q1 ?
for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++) 9 z) }. q9 [/ e W, Z1 u3 P' r& B
for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++)
0 o, Q3 J5 r; O{ 4 h" j! y/ A' y
cleardevice();
( g5 R7 Y7 z3 H8 L% h/* set the text justification */ ) ?9 T- P/ F* q) N
settextjustify(hj, vj); 5 p) X+ d2 O, W; j0 R9 Z, Y! }
/* create a message string */ . P9 L4 n- O% f8 W$ T% q: l0 k' ]
sprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); & e0 x0 G, f$ a1 ?6 ~
/* create cross hairs on the screen */ 1 p6 D8 h8 u8 \) n# L
xat(midx, midy); + G, g; c; j( O( b2 ]5 x6 K5 P
/* output the message */ / U& G" x0 Y6 Y$ d/ _! |
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg);
, K; @1 g1 b- Q1 m, [$ \getch(); 6 R# t7 t4 |: q0 W( j* ]
} 
& o+ q; ~% f2 s, r4 c5 B/ ~: G/* clean up */ / d* z2 n; `1 y% q! g
closegraph(); 3 Z) t5 D* q5 ~6 w4 b" K
return 0; ! N) s, c% w- v" h& \; E
} 
" ]- W& W# V$ k9 [+ |! |/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
2 Z$ o- w" @2 B: F, Nvoid xat(int x, int y)
: y! b8 D/ i1 Y3 p{
$ t! @" j; l) j Q2 J6 k1 wline(x-4, y, x+4, y); " w& D, H, R" |5 r2 F& K% n' v
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
- f; K. o6 ]3 O2 ]. b X' @7 |} " E8 P# s. _' V7 Q
2 h: R, j0 ^2 V/ y+ z
, l4 D; s# D# X3 ?' s5 R
函数名: settextstyle + R& E% a* y1 H6 C! M
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
0 _# J! Z; H F9 X用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
$ E! N. u% n( x6 [2 u程序例: 6 P1 u/ g; d3 k" t7 i1 F2 u8 T
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
0 O5 t+ k6 ?5 [) f#include <STDLIB.H>
8 |) D9 {' J1 i% ^#include <STDIO.H>! e" z- g5 B B8 ~& R* l
#include <CONIO.H>
. {0 h/ ?' b. o3 c3 o/* the names of the text styles supported */ 2 t9 ?) G. Y+ v6 c6 J
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
& W) S" R n& |# z' j0 P"TRIPLEX font",
& f2 |- j& @3 s# a) h) n"SMALL font",
2 O% H6 S6 R6 }# x. P"SANS SERIF font", % R3 u% Q2 m4 N
"GOTHIC font" 0 \- d% f% s4 C) ~: `0 H3 f/ e
}; g5 L1 F: m: p b* C* X6 a: f+ G
int main(void)
1 {8 s3 g0 b/ v3 O) q9 L{ : W* ~5 P/ |7 ]+ c1 m- Y( b0 r- L
/* request auto detection */ . y: I& A$ j3 u8 k( U
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
. a" l, O5 W" e/ D! J$ H0 x- Yint style, midx, midy; 9 S+ C2 t# L2 ^! t; W3 `
int size = 1; ' @& p/ W7 f4 a2 P
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ - E) i* y$ t& I2 @
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 3 _' [ X& y/ Q& f( g8 f
/* read result of initialization */
 h0 q8 F& B7 @0 L: ^errorcode = graphresult();
7 U6 _$ u6 Y8 e1 _2 |if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ : o+ S( h/ i. w* Y
{
, j; S3 _! H2 f' J* eprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
, F$ \# J! \& ?. Hprintf("Press any key to halt:");
$ ^0 h! M+ B; L3 x! l9 cgetch(); 5 J" n8 d$ J% s }
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 2 ~& U% U( r" y7 R
} 8 j5 @ R2 M8 T. f8 I# y
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 3 {: ?# x3 Q5 A' c
midy = getmaxy() / 2; I( u* r4 U4 o* d
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
8 p. v9 h# d1 P+ t# i/ A/* loop through the available text styles */ : p" L( ~0 ~! `# n+ j! o/ U
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
: }2 T3 ?! S5 n8 Q{ 2 k/ @% q- f: E5 l
cleardevice();
5 o S* K/ [1 L$ D- R" E3 }if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 6 u. G1 |6 K) ^ s1 u% P* g' d" R
size = 4; ; U! t+ i e% T+ b
/* select the text style */ 8 T$ e" q* V! ?& g% A
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); - p( O& z" X# r$ S
/* output a message */
! O* w5 t: M- f0 Houttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
! C# W2 Z4 Q, ggetch(); @* f8 \) g; w% u; D3 f
} 
& g8 b; y2 l) R5 e! c. [/* clean up */ 6 }, c9 y8 G/ l7 f0 z& W
closegraph(); ! k G! u+ _ c8 q
return 0;
8 C1 M- ~7 X q- i8 l} % s: ^1 z2 a% y5 w9 [2 m
8 X* u( N. {$ o( M& N# J" ]2 G$ G

4 Q3 _3 E7 Y. a8 M, u3 A9 B函数名: settextstyle % S" R' \( f9 s3 l) H) r% t& [4 G
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 $ C4 M2 q) Y% [4 y- n
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
# t& p$ F6 {+ K/ e" B程序例: 
6 s3 @% N$ d* b2 j. M% _: n# w; F' I% ^#include <GRAPHICS.H>
( D, @. {: t: e1 d#include <STDLIB.H>3 C. a& {( I7 @4 ?. U8 k
#include <STDIO.H>! E/ V/ e3 R' d8 I, _0 Q0 k
#include <CONIO.H>
2 w7 p( x' |# I$ G$ t/* the names of the text styles supported */
2 O/ n; L, x& E7 j: _4 s+ }3 Jchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", & K9 G$ @+ U- ^& p
"TRIPLEX font",
3 c, @+ L9 t- W+ }" j"SMALL font", . i) W( O' m+ V5 G
"SANS SERIF font",
* Q7 ^7 E6 P$ I1 h: a. l! k6 c1 d# D"GOTHIC font" # M P K1 J; _0 D& }' X
}; 5 l% h7 S$ w7 e$ o2 O
int main(void)
4 g* R9 N3 h) o6 E{
2 j; _3 G" O3 x9 A# H) G/* request auto detection */ $ }+ b8 V. ?6 x8 @2 g
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 7 x/ l; { p% ~/ @
int style, midx, midy; 7 r; u/ ]' n9 X9 S
int size = 1; 
0 e( b4 @: T. @( w/* initialize graphics and local variables */
3 [! `" f' m: d* Minitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
! }7 a( ~0 c5 M u. y: f/* read result of initialization */
* O u6 V5 N2 ]) G( t' ]4 kerrorcode = graphresult();
9 e. H0 S8 m; V) n2 Pif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
" p! I+ G/ g; ?9 I C{ . [* f6 C; H7 W& p" N! `( L( [
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
2 q2 }" n N& v+ V4 Rprintf("Press any key to halt:");
% p& ^; w6 d+ I$ Vgetch();
1 B+ `4 P b" A) _" Cexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ : R) t" V9 x: E; o5 X
} 
. s0 V5 ?# I7 ~+ ?4 nmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
4 r( c4 c: |2 u$ Z$ }+ u! I) x6 M3 [midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
+ r! y" I2 l: ~& }5 wsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
8 C! S8 ^; P# O/* loop through the available text styles */
. Z! z2 s2 J1 n5 N! J$ U& Dfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) - O/ ^0 Z: g/ D0 F5 g) J
{ 7 {* m( c; D8 G* K1 y$ g
cleardevice(); d, u" B6 w; K# T, R
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) ( _+ O0 Z. L* X) R u1 h' O I
size = 4; 5 B p4 a5 o" I) ^8 {& N
/* select the text style */
7 @5 d8 D0 @" m% [) V# S6 qsettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); . l w" z4 I& Y+ w) c+ R
/* output a message */
' L) D$ s+ [4 x( w4 Nouttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); : l! S+ ?' _0 d! ? m
getch(); 4 q9 c% B9 m. h( H3 Y
} 6 C, L# }- W+ L2 f+ ?: t
/* clean up */ / e1 I- \2 a0 S; _# @& |
closegraph(); " l( c6 u. t+ `+ U) ?* a
return 0;
0 P4 ]" z6 }: ?3 P$ W} 
 U8 G7 x8 ~; b9 ?! K" U' `6 q9 ]( e6 C* n2 a
$ T- t3 a& J# }
函数名: settime 
! L! a. $ k3 q6 h; I功能: 设置系统时间
; _) F/ n( M' c# q$ v& j5 v用法: void settime(struct time *timep); 3 |2 t, l/ u& t2 a4 ^$ h0 A6 \: q
程序例: % q& b( a% E2 L, j% u( `
#include <STDIO.H>& R4 j/ Q4 ]# B
#include <DOS.H>8 k3 M9 Z" @2 u1 D# H) t5 E; ~
int main(void) 2 x! @' |- V$ X' O
{ * G7 v. ^- Y* _4 }
struct time t; 
. A7 `2 X* C" d7 T% $ Q7 Wgettime(&t);
1 E. M7 J5 J, @; B) j( ^6 ~printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); 0 S& I |' U7 d5 G' ^" ]5 | h
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
) [" S2 D) i, C6 {printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); 7 u+ m0 n. q7 `& M* p) H* t
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); ' Z( s7 Y5 Y4 V5 x: y R
/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
 @; l$ R! V. t9 Rt.ti_min++;
 `9 e+ [# R2 tsettime(&t); x- R" [% [; _" R$ Z
return 0; 0 n9 T* R1 n* |& U
} $ Y4 Q7 K1 \* z! b0 I- b+ e
: M+ g3 \8 A1 ]+ J3 q2 b- ^

. V( `) [2 Z9 s+ I5 B函数名: setusercharsize / L7 c0 a9 V; c/ l8 O" I/ t
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
; d- A1 c2 C, b& |9 ^! a# [用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); & X* `% P0 k6 z) i
程序例: 0 g. O1 k+ _; ?2 {& l+ p
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
0 k3 `1 S% ^5 }! S! @; Y#include <STDLIB.H>- K( w9 t- ]4 N& R @( Q
#include <STDIO.H>& v: e9 m- Z& o8 Q
#include <CONIO.H>8 G1 T2 H+ F2 H" i$ R& L
int main(void)
 T( D& P' O O- ~2 _{
7 d5 ^& Y9 {: I/* request autodetection */
3 s4 b# W7 Y0 s! y" dint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; + z6 ^' {0 D1 T# Z
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
8 S: w$ R0 l1 |9 u( G% ?initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); + r+ w# b/ } G8 Y# Q7 ^# e
/* read result of initialization */ ' e3 _. c+ Z( w: r
errorcode = graphresult(); 0 E5 G. R* d" R, d1 g& y
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ % B" p6 m" a: |: V8 h5 d
{ , ]& _: h2 `; v+ {% B
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
% L; C& N6 W" [/ P, f# b% [4 `: [7 ?$ Mprintf("Press any key to halt:"); / M" \1 a0 ? S7 f' @0 F8 g" p8 e
getch();
% J0 X5 f! B4 D+ d( cexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 3 }! x4 M( W! S5 d& i) @7 r7 q
} 
" H5 @2 g$ }5 M/* select a text style */
% o6 @: F7 g: rsettextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
& _9 |, G" n0 _* s/* move to the text starting position */
* k9 Y7 u$ F! ~9 U! ~9 Jmoveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 
, v. P( c% Q7 }# q6 u+ [) W/* output some normal text */
$ G5 z0 ^9 V- J3 k0 youttext("Norm "); 
$ J9 a$ w) C( D/ y0 R8 ]/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
, H; s5 M% M) b) Y! |% E0 \% ~setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); 1 N' t2 ~* m& V
outtext("Short "); 
$ z" [4 j; w' w& S4 `, A/* make the text 3 times normal width */ & N9 E9 D! n* ~$ P: I2 o$ K" W' e
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
5 W6 U! w1 V- q; Kouttext("Wide"); 
* \' \% a- ^5 S) z* E2 D/* clean up */
: g6 `. f) ^& p6 w. ~getch(); . ]: g* p# V. J$ K. b) }
closegraph();
2 ~$ _' P( [: i, N. x- w b8 l* H) Areturn 0; 9 E6 u* I4 N, S+ s$ a7 `- i" D
} 
* @/ S: P! x9 _2 V9 Z. Q3 {; t. _0 S7 Q* h- o) c
函数名: setvbuf 
9 `4 P+ I; f$ O; a6 B6 X: }( c6 D功能: 把缓冲区与流相关 " N) A) v& m' s0 S6 C5 N/ T9 a
用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); & g0 F/ m& W0 u6 }
程序例: , G" J. U5 i* ~4 G0 l: f
#include <STDIO.H>
9 r% l" k4 x3 B5 y, M0 E0 jint main(void) % X U I1 @7 q% Q0 R- n
{ : o: q3 s1 q# \
FILE *input, *output; 7 h- S5 i0 b7 g3 i6 U) Q$ g
char bufr[512]; 
: i# P, I9 d5 t0 v4 ~1 `# j7 ninput = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
0 X6 x- O3 W& R9 k( Eoutput = fopen("file.out", "w"); 0 H. M0 s/ E% t8 g' t
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
- Y' J8 A( M! q6 b$ |) a, Rusing our own character buffer */
# D% C- u' U, o- a0 y f% gif (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
1 k7 c- u4 I; O7 C- d, W7 L3 j/ Rprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
, a- s$ y2 ^2 Z# Eelse
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
! {% ~& A; ?3 @$ `/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
/ E# t" N" I7 x: wwill be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */ ( R L8 u! W' L: @
if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0)
7 u5 V9 K+ Y3 ^2 Gprintf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n"); 4 a3 w. v( U8 e& {
else
) e9 a& G& _* `5 O8 \printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); : ?; e8 X" B# v% ~; M
/* perform file I/O here */ 
9 k4 j# J, v/ F& Z( l3 O, A/ \! n/* close files */ ) @ \ v R, J9 x! M+ P
fclose(input); 4 Y5 b4 u: U; ]( b8 |: e* i$ b) `
fclose(output); $ X" u' f, R* C& H5 H5 g& j" Q5 }
return 0;
+ B" m+ A4 Q# k) X; L}
& e7 e2 G* p# ^, j4 {+ L0 u# y# H9 I6 {- e2 ^& ?4 u$ P

7 v4 p4 C; j5 s6 a8 _9 U8 A) L
, t& k6 L& ~7 D; J# z- b* Y+ d. D函数名: setvect ' a$ x! B6 a! q
功能: 设置中断矢量入口
5 u; A3 B* ~/ R( }( I用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
" Y) Y; s& e3 y程序例: 0 \, V* o, K a: q7 C" b
/***NOTE: 0 U6 Z5 W5 l K: y' G
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this % O+ T5 d% u6 w4 B2 ~0 J- i# x8 B0 |0 |
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable 2 P1 W& ?# M i$ `9 r- O2 a) }# y
file which will operate correctly. */ 
) I2 i K2 B J- W! H# W* Y1 |#include <STDIO.H>
1 _3 E' ^0 ?7 I5 c#include <DOS.H>
$ |, |8 y* a' M5 L5 z( x2 u1 t#include <CONIO.H>. H. C9 S* D# T @2 V. d
#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
; O) h# t. S2 j" ]+ Hvoid interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); : O4 n% @! l% K& N E, p9 n
int count=0; 
9 `! r. {0 t0 R. Z, Ivoid interrupt handler(void) 0 l8 P+ P' }& {! P e+ x) c
{
: V/ V9 s; c6 Y1 e+ |' i K, d/* increase the global counter */ , A& {9 |) f( T3 {: O8 t
count++; % @7 F0 n9 O1 q
/* call the old routine */
4 w7 k/ }! ^: t6 D* toldhandler();
& h+ m* Y+ m# U8 i8 _} 6 K. M$ B2 z6 p$ J
int main(void) ; p; A; s# r0 q! ?9 y" y8 Y2 m& g
{ & }; \+ }( Y; l2 P8 E4 H% F' ^
/* save the old interrupt vector */ , T$ X5 M, `: l3 u3 q" F" d
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 7 i0 Y4 x4 h9 Y- N8 m
/* install the new interrupt handler */
+ Y9 J$ ^1 I$ w. r* @8 csetvect(INTR, handler); ' C; G( H' I! h
/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
 t- s* N1 H- g% ^! Fwhile (count < 20)
7 b; I. N. I ^' e1 E, K2 \# G( wprintf("count is %d\n",count); + E6 m2 _7 f3 W5 v1 z3 `
/* reset the old interrupt handler */ & @: ?+ z8 t$ g
setvect(INTR, oldhandler); 8 n! K% N: A5 P1 G
return 0; - e( G! O2 m; f: w) I4 L. ~ n5 g
}
% D( b% P5 ?8 e" u* Z" F, ?6 ], @ }6 ?4 Z) S7 s8 Q& {+ O
) \7 Z: f0 N0 d+ Q
函数名: setverify . ]/ f6 x+ _2 c
功能: 设置验证状态
( ?# V5 p" F. U1 n用法: void setverify(int value); 6 }. J4 G8 A$ }8 ]7 I8 ?2 ?
程序例: 
7 m& A3 y6 a- J" h$ M. b' A#include <STDIO.H>
( g2 _, o) k7 f7 C8 ^) p& h$ B/ q' s#include <CONIO.H>
; D) M2 u0 I x#include <DOS.H>
! p5 T' p4 s! Jint main(void) 6 J9 V2 _9 H$ z, k0 ^
{ 2 q0 H u6 n& p- K
int verify_flag; 
2 `, K* x2 v7 Y% _7 _: y! G9 Wprintf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n"); / J% Z8 `/ h" k; u) {
printf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 
# W b6 C' q5 R! O e7 x" i- ]verify_flag = getch() - 0; . P' `9 p/ W! F2 y! M- r
setverify(verify_flag); $ j% E/ `& b0 y+ x' s0 }
if (getverify()) 9 i. {$ a$ X; a# [7 A
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
* M" G" O" `- f- n7 f yelse 6 y) _8 s1 L. W! @, q( g
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
5 d' @% Q9 ? T k& B4 vreturn 0;
7 [4 ?/ g5 r% f+ w) f, Z: I} * ^6 |# ]$ d6 z+ q
/ |. G1 s# T0 _3 w$ k
. w% t& G1 a* ]; n
函数名: setviewport 
6 i5 Z& g3 {* }3 h6 U$ O功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口
( s: m8 J# Z% d' Z' M- K: g用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right, * o7 P# X, @- x; t- ?9 [9 }
int bottom, int clipflag); " N% t. b6 e! U9 _) V- P4 H# q9 o2 N
程序例: & {: {5 _$ |3 H
#include <GRAPHICS.H>* i3 s4 m7 L3 K* L# H6 k
#include <STDLIB.H>, {4 N9 K6 r" U8 _0 f# a4 N4 P. }+ [
#include <STDIO.H>* S, f) w" J w4 r! t) q
#include <CONIO.H>
9 w3 m& N( Q: j- K' V, V; n0 f#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ # V1 f& Y2 @. t( h0 G
int main(void) - O2 O9 s$ X1 K) o2 l
{
4 a$ v; g+ [% {; {, Z6 W/* request auto detection */
0 ?# o* k7 P) Y# W' l% r5 O- ~" _int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
& F0 @+ m4 @5 n' E4 r2 g% z/* initialize graphics and local variables */
" k: P9 J! l$ m* ^+ m/ H, E2 e* Iinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # J1 u1 F; A3 |6 ]
/* read result of initialization */
1 k8 F* W7 \' ^. T9 v, Werrorcode = graphresult(); ( i4 c, e$ S) z
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 3 Z7 X* ^* S9 p7 s2 S; y) W
{ * j4 `6 e* e4 g/ Y! Z' A/ ~$ F8 [1 j1 G. d
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
3 ~! m3 ], }5 y- B% qprintf("Press any key to halt:");
+ h: p+ X' S% {! U6 a# i& Ugetch(); + O! z2 |0 I$ L2 w8 C; r
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
5 A4 \" u% i% g3 l/ \} 
$ l& Q. n. t' f& |, bsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); : q7 K7 s. }5 C3 q, _+ p
/* message in default full-screen viewport */
' F3 X& I5 b! G1 eouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 5 J, `* a+ d, L" D) H
/* create a smaller viewport */ " m4 q8 \% [" k& M# h
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
! |" e( M; P' v8 o1 \1 _0 H/* display some text */ 0 A, `' z& n& A6 P) y1 [9 ?
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 9 P9 b& M" f+ L& w0 \, B2 M: C/ r' I
/* clean up */ 2 s& C7 H6 O0 @% H l
getch();
0 s, [) e+ d+ c! Y5 {closegraph(); 1 m% i* f+ o. D( J. W R
return 0; t5 S" X/ d' U# D& f
} # h7 I. K* {) E
 Q& W' {1 w! Q; W; |
$ \' a+ y6 X( j4 x
函数名: setvisualpage B. O7 K% V# Z- K7 b" `. C8 z0 e
功能: 设置可见图形页号 ) e: ]- u ]+ p) i
用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); 9 ^ G+ b, q8 D
程序例: 
: c/ d3 r+ G5 ?6 H" q5 j#include <GRAPHICS.H>
3 w( M& }- c' g: j#include <STDLIB.H>
7 p# c P5 ]" ]8 i' }; ~#include <STDIO.H>5 f/ W i L# v; P- g0 T
#include <CONIO.H>
7 r/ l2 d1 {0 s1 pint main(void)
# {# c( X+ i$ j( x{ & t& v" N+ h; r! i+ L2 S% ]
/* select a driver and mode that supports */ 4 m0 G( d+ H! n6 H' g6 o) P1 `, M
/* multiple pages. */
6 |" \3 J/ e9 k0 ~' e u$ M7 a0 Gint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; * ^+ v, r6 F2 L, G
int x, y, ht; 
" E% z" r9 Q" ]; `) h0 V/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ; C( X8 X7 Z1 p, l0 g
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
! t$ t( I. C1 A: L- A" z+ m/* read result of initialization */
0 _2 ], c8 P$ S7 q; Herrorcode = graphresult(); % `- d! Q! U0 `3 a5 b
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ - Y6 s8 D9 o7 ?. R2 @" i. d$ w- q
{ $ z' I' G* J$ `, w0 ^! N! n! A# L
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 8 l3 Z- c5 W% y4 h
printf("Press any key to halt:"); " M; a _% l, P% j8 N. G. I& `6 X
getch(); : d2 r; Y0 H; O+ g% E
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ! G/ ]0 B6 [/ O4 Q& E4 F/ H4 p" m6 `3 |
} 
5 j5 d7 f, n7 s1 dx = getmaxx() / 2; 7 K# [; L- L5 i* t3 E
y = getmaxy() / 2; ( C8 e1 g; ]) h1 P% H, M& g( r! b Z
ht = textheight("W"); $ d& r( L8 W8 F& _
/* select the off screen page for drawing */ 7 o5 D3 t( g3 v, p# _. H
setactivepage(1); 
8 i5 t8 Q2 }2 f$ g9 |/* draw a line on page #1 */ 0 a/ ]( X5 A7 E0 `
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); , u& p! j8 m1 h. R5 i, w# v
/* output a message on page #1 */
# _! r* R' U, zsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 8 C" u, q) _; W9 n9 n
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
8 t9 b, q. \1 souttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
1 q. W5 G z# G& H/* select drawing to page #0 */ 0 A4 r+ i: S. { C" p+ {
setactivepage(0); 1 E" j. e) `8 F9 S1 U
/* output a message on page #0 */ + }5 C9 C# l6 x! z, K1 v/ J2 u$ C
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); 2 H0 Z' ?8 ?! g- l8 T
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); 5 F* [* }' ^- x8 T6 k5 M
getch(); 
; h2 V+ E0 L2 U9 ]. \) x U/* select page #1 as the visible page */ ; D7 t( d1 O* Z8 S( K6 E
setvisualpage(1); 
0 \% Z7 a; L2 }* v" N/* clean up */ 5 x7 h+ [3 O2 b+ g& x" i0 s" G4 g
getch(); 9 F" f y* b, g1 S# o: f
closegraph();
; s& H/ ?8 x/ c( N5 Ureturn 0; ! Q4 F! t r* C/ ]' F/ ]- M5 a
} . n" i+ _6 D8 X' U- m

2 w. d, M# ^! @. }( {. ?. K1 @" f) ]' ~7 g
函数名: setwritemode 
 D! `! E' r- H; v7 M! a2 r" h功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 % {5 E H F1 T7 k. u
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
1 I8 d, w# r6 e( i程序例: 5 J; U1 h* E! ?* b4 j1 t, W! R# `
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# V/ ]* g/ y+ D# |( v#include <STDLIB.H>
+ Z, r" m3 e D; L! M#include <STDIO.H>4 R, g4 t7 r% u+ C' Q" e/ X
#include <CONIO.H>
( \2 G8 s8 T8 g4 s' D" H& rint main()
' J3 E# w2 B, [. H! P; C' E% P{ + N( }1 U" z @& T- ?$ `
/* request auto detection */
; Q7 J" y8 ]7 W6 y; c C/ A# F) yint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ; V6 T3 K4 R& R, p9 S5 I, h5 Z
int xmax, ymax; 
6 N; C7 ]# R [4 e( {5 ]/* initialize graphics and local variables */ / |0 e8 n: i( P- ?; y
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
- H" a3 i7 q) M6 f8 K" v/* read result of initialization */
: x) O& |8 ]$ n N4 r7 x5 q) i, aerrorcode = graphresult();
( p0 v% D$ W8 v# k) j" o' Q, yif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ {4 e" N# O2 k5 d( ~& z& F5 D
{
( P8 h9 f! L) F: B6 f9 i0 b: xprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); & _* K7 g1 W* Q! F7 w8 ~
printf("Press any key to halt:");
( b4 s9 B' |* w1 O6 {6 z8 v1 e& Dgetch(); + f6 S4 v$ A4 U
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 9 ?( Z* [" Q5 I' e. z; @* w
} 
0 |+ v: V. E) @& @/ e1 [xmax = getmaxx(); ( q2 ^' R; C8 _6 y; h2 X- O
ymax = getmaxy(); 6 S* O7 c8 \# O4 s9 x; R& _
/* select XOR drawing mode */ : B; ?% r1 y1 }1 H0 E
setwritemode(XOR_PUT); 8 t# X/ E8 {; G$ j
/* draw a line */ 9 v, ?9 Y c. ?, E+ s- b/ R4 G9 C
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
. E5 C$ [; C+ @4 ogetch(); 
. l7 g) u) e! d/* erase the line by drawing over it */
/ k8 W) W6 y0 I" N4 O, Zline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 5 j/ @# s9 h& o+ v$ w3 M! u7 A
getch(); 
, o- k5 y8 m- d2 q. M/* select overwrite drawing mode */ , X* U3 Q7 }4 L- F* V7 |+ d4 d, }
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); , p' G9 {% z+ t3 v {5 F! G
/* draw a line */ ) [ k. e4 a, [( \3 R4 ?
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 
7 X5 F1 y" p0 R6 t6 U( {/* clean up */ # m# ~. @6 ~% X. k i( A
getch();
* ~! [3 V" o8 F: Fclosegraph(); + B3 N8 S3 r: v# ?' t: l
return 0; 5 q9 h4 f" g& v: j
} $ O9 w" {- V* }* z4 X

" u* X8 X2 B' R3 M2 R6 `
, w) s% o: J& t函数名: signal ! W7 J0 a3 i X: f) f' X+ f2 M
功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 $ J4 R3 U* {- w2 r
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
' b. `$ M0 x0 _; M: H. i, z程序例: 
$ w1 U& E" q8 b% q! R' g/ |$ q( P# R/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE, . ^1 i$ \8 @, M* R" d) a' N
catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
" V: ~, m! y) m0 V+ ^" K3 Q% ?to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause & N) p8 X4 q' L0 t+ X1 Z5 w% G
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
( l! X& A9 `' L/ Udepending on which memory model is used. 3 F% R: n9 W k5 |+ [% N
*/ 
( |. C4 ?' u) q/ X' e% s#pragma inline ) t4 c( R$ X3 N' S5 U: |2 ^3 l
#include <STDIO.H>
3 p3 f$ S3 e0 p" e4 o% T7 ]#include <SIGNAL.H>
4 a. ]* u1 ?+ y/ e% y9 C0 F# Ovoid Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist) 7 n# @3 n, t* Y" n' k& G B
{ ( I F" Q" I j0 m
printf("Caught it!\n"); $ g+ d; q5 @- p; y- Q$ t
*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ 6 v! s$ p+ S; t/ b/ Z" E+ |; `
} 
+ G+ m, ?& \5 q* m! F2 G3 Oint main(void) 3 F7 j$ b, P# I' x3 i
{ 4 o* ^+ V" v0 W0 ^# U
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
3 L* x, G$ l6 z% ^" Rasm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
* T4 V3 P1 h. |" S; y4 F/ {$ Easm inc ax /* cause overflow */ 7 _" H, w. @* s2 n0 ?9 G4 E
asm into /* activate handler */ 
 z2 _/ ]$ G( o0 w- r5 x/ X/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, , s, K: S- T: e6 t" y. R
there would have been another exception when the next 'into' 3 w! g7 Z: U0 m- H1 W& \
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ 7 [) i( v% o L1 N
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
: E& ^8 ?; }/ ?; lasm into /* doesn't activate */ 5 S6 L3 L6 e% N: {0 g0 ]3 B
return 0; % U& c, f3 b$ h
}
( i! ]( R0 E8 \6 _% ~$ @) s/ M, o5 q9 J# {0 \
/ ]& @1 G f) y3 h e
1 k) d, N# v3 `$ w6 x$ L8 j
函数名: sin 4 E0 o2 y# x0 A" g0 r
功能: 正弦函数 # x$ y, y: r9 d2 I5 ?# o }/ i
用法: double sin(double x); 9 a5 F! s; V1 p. S9 Y) B
程序例: $ D+ g1 N) q/ I+ C( W- c/ o' b
#include <STDIO.H>6 A) T/ L6 l" }- ]
#include <MATH.H>9 _6 H. Q6 s A
int main(void)
. k D# o3 h4 e9 @& p% t{ - o! B. V8 V0 [3 @3 ]% K
double result, x = 0.5; 
4 ^$ b4 H- D( K- O3 vresult = sin(x);
+ `1 r( ^' j- v& T0 ~* j9 {" u7 K% Pprintf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
" m; v+ o' u& B& K8 G: A& }* ^return 0;
8 g! B: T) v$ l} 1 ]/ B' }+ G# V
5 X7 c& m( w3 k1 r2 Q# x
! f9 H0 z: Q) R9 D# E& Y
函数名: sinh 
6 R4 P' d$ ]9 z功能: 双曲正弦函数
* w5 q/ l) g& N$ X" d' f5 z用法: double sinh(double x); 5 A2 [# f) K& @. W$ a' e, g5 ~3 Z
程序例: 
3 |1 y' v5 K0 K9 y+ y$ Z#include <STDIO.H>
7 s7 \: ~4 [2 A5 M- x#include <MATH.H>9 c. N! S A A7 k& X6 `
int main(void) 5 _9 \* ]4 U0 r6 E
{
2 K3 a4 ?6 [9 @: x! Z5 k+ {7 qdouble result, x = 0.5; 
& @, S* t6 S# rresult = sinh(x); & Y5 _8 }* H& e
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
' r, c3 e$ u) ^% W- W ~; Kreturn 0;
. d/ R. ?5 Y7 [, i4 u8 {# F: e: r} 8 } K! p. J. s* g% c
2 X/ }8 O* W) S

7 U( H3 Y: p D6 P+ Q9 w& Y" C- Q1 ~- s' ?8 r. c6 I
函数名: sleep 
" o$ j0 a7 X& G; l4 a/ b4 Q$ r功能: 执行挂起一段时间 2 z v1 N$ F( P% {5 g1 {
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
6 w5 E1 M' p1 g, j! f2 R( J程序例: ; u8 t; b* r# n: T( ~6 r
#include <DOS.H>2 B0 N$ b1 e& F/ ~7 z
#include <STDIO.H>1 n! `6 F) U- F+ m' \2 S$ N& z3 W
int main(void) $ S. J. N0 ], t
{
0 o0 R1 X2 D9 } h9 Aint i; 
" N# j5 m2 {8 }' O0 yfor (i=1; i<5; i++)
$ \: R7 l" s( E. p; F{
& I+ B# \1 S/ f) Kprintf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); . ?0 E9 A9 T& A- Q4 o p- }
sleep(i);
/ ]$ [9 P" R. V3 R) L}
+ X( C( W0 n/ K. }" j1 w: H1 |+ qreturn 0; " y4 f6 p' u, ?+ s
} 6 g( G9 T- v$ D9 T' o% I% n% B- A
( x% W5 Y0 Z0 f4 J- c: E# D
* Y% X* C$ e. G& a* j# p

7 v* M3 Y3 Z1 ~3 r; v函数名: sopen ; d p1 T1 b3 @4 K U2 X; U
功能: 打开一共享文件
/ q5 @; b1 C/ w$ K2 L8 a用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss); 7 {. h6 p1 B3 J
程序例: $ Y7 w x9 r9 r, a
#include <IO.H>7 F! G* u( ^( r; ?1 H
#include <FCNTL.H>5 }$ a( e0 b! c5 W3 f
#include <SYS\STAT.H> h; G+ A$ L O1 A$ \; \
#include <PROCESS.H>
: g* A0 D0 t. n! h3 S$ f+ A8 n0 Q#include <SHARE.H>9 u% z# x; X- u! H8 ]' O. p; _7 _
#include <STDIO.H>
. k" Z% ]" Q2 {: J8 U. B1 Y2 O& Jint main(void) 5 k" T; W' U- }6 ]5 d
{
8 o+ n* ]: I7 ^- e0 X* @int handle;
: m1 \# Q. E: R* Y2 \& cint status; 
& n) v# v0 b8 ^# E1 a2 f& ^handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 
% Y8 T' \5 Q8 i$ W. `" |8 R. g" `if (!handle)
2 U- v' `6 K9 g! y6 f5 D/ k{
( T, O- D6 Q" j/ \% [3 U- M U* c0 ?printf("sopen failed\n");
, r7 c0 [) g1 E0 M+ y. ~; Yexit(1);
% {! t1 {2 \$ q5 d0 I} 6 r$ S9 z, L, [
status = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6); ' N B* J) h" }& u: x" E E( l6 C" T
if (status == 0)
! m# D0 G# w) L8 X" }' p5 y; Vprintf("read/write access allowed\n"); 0 q- C5 [" f) l% t ^1 g
else
; F) \$ p5 `' O* ~2 o% Hprintf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
! H* Q' S# ~9 F; I! s# k( s& K, `7 cclose(handle); + Z }$ N0 y3 \3 ?; Y2 L+ j
return 0; 3 c( ~9 e/ n3 ~+ ?/ F' l" B9 Z* ]
}
9 l$ B( j. I* P7 T0 L* }, O+ \6 U' J, o5 m3 p0 Z L
 h5 ?+ }2 n$ v
+ v$ }- z% @: X9 I: I! I4 F. c
函数名: sound . P' Q' ^- P2 {
功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器 7 B: [: G6 i, R5 J/ `, X7 q
用法: void sound(unsigned frequency); 3 Q; h. n* N9 F4 Q) W
程序例: 
! F% P' `; h; i" P! @. b, _4 {/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds.
3 n9 `# o2 P( I {Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ - A7 n7 H# Q3 p$ I
#include <DOS.H>$ y- ~; X, L) [( }$ \: u
int main(void) ( I% x' R8 T! e/ r
{
2 H0 n$ Y$ }2 {( W) Y" k7 Nsound(7); 1 o) ]: V& |9 Z8 R4 h# |8 d
delay(10000); ( S _& o7 i* v3 _9 X+ [/ z
nosound(); . K& k$ h. }* w. e+ G4 N
return 0;
) s5 V- ]: E4 {' ]} - A8 W+ ^9 @/ y! \7 j+ r- K
! X$ I4 E$ { W
6 f" V; d& M0 R3 P V7 `

$ R2 ?7 l: N4 u0 {函数名: spawnl 
0 B% o9 x3 l5 v* Q3 D功能: 创建并运行子程序
! T( M1 T( @0 T! P& M+ C6 A用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, - |) v, V8 _+ }* W
arg1, ... argn, NULL); 1 c( y$ |% |* Y$ y# v; R
程序例: 
1 U Y4 a# }0 D P; H3 H% }+ d( d#include <PROCESS.H>
; l7 V& B0 x$ M) S: j" V, ?#include <STDIO.H>+ v* m: h' ~# E# N0 @ l0 d
#include <CONIO.H>2 H0 T& i5 c" l* Y# X. ?4 R# W
int main(void)
. _6 c+ m5 M- W: n# }{ 1 ]+ G! R3 ^% D, E
int result; 0 a$ G* u- g3 F2 g
clrscr();
) P3 \5 L, h5 N, h1 Yresult = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); 8 m3 f X" ?8 R
if (result == -1)
) c4 P2 w) ?2 B0 |{
6 Y0 U# Q7 T$ _3 M% Q: X hperror("Error from spawnl"); - g! x) \9 r& }+ M
exit(1); 2 h( G! n3 F2 V3 A. a4 Y' w
} * Q z) c% W+ V9 H6 W0 g2 s
return 0;
' E: q; T9 \$ V) D} : p- t2 o6 j2 s" h' n

& q6 B3 ^; }3 i8 g; m
/ c2 M' n( g/ L2 e函数名: spawnle # R* s9 N; b) q9 u" Z
功能: 创建并运行子程序 / m# @8 Y; a8 R! B' O" x c
用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 4 z n* `$ t" m1 V. O" E7 U+ w6 x1 L
arg1,..., argn, NULL); + M1 \: b6 i+ \" @' m% j4 W6 E+ K' k; N
程序例: 
6 i6 ]5 R d: h3 j5 ^0 p+ q/* spawnle() example */ 
" C( S {/ \* E3 F- L7 |#include <PROCESS.H>$ T' n8 {! ^6 P5 W
#include <STDIO.H>+ o+ ^) U- w, L e, T
#include <CONIO.H>
# W$ a9 a! M! Y }9 Y1 a8 bint main(void)
9 Q* q4 x. o: r1 q- X{ 7 e) r2 u0 z7 c+ z6 r0 |; C
int result; 
/ D( T. q( U: T; e! m" ?1 ^clrscr(); 1 X2 M$ Z2 p. G- I
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL);
$ \0 Q) K0 N" W# A* b) b4 w" Z4 Vif (result == -1) : S1 J3 Y! {$ ]3 T& G
{
$ [. e2 D# Z$ mperror("Error from spawnle"); ! W5 J- z5 X! Y. @5 Z
exit(1);
, w" J1 G# F8 t. r+ r, \} ! C. J$ q5 [8 Z6 |
return 0;
8 k# b p* G" z9 k2 @/ r}
8 ? N" C4 J) v4 A
; w) b( }6 @+ {3 {1 |
7 _5 r$ e* C7 R$ l* }5 O
, O6 q: e2 W- k函数名: sprintf % [) R9 D& T& {6 i
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 9 [7 a3 n" j5 ^5 c1 @2 `" P
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); ! q, R6 r; l& T# Q0 b
程序例: 
2 _" R/ H0 E+ Y* ?6 c% }6 a#include <STDIO.H>
9 P$ r8 S( a# j2 w#include <MATH.H>& `) _5 Q( I; U# M
int main(void)
4 T( v3 e i0 r* f3 |! ` P{
8 E' s' `" E/ ?4 tchar buffer[80]; 
3 o7 z8 B2 y* e& {5 d+ X2 {sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
: t" v+ ]+ u* K' `) H& ^" Kputs(buffer); 2 _/ p% P' G/ x1 T+ y7 h: D& v
return 0; # \; ]5 ~* r$ W$ t0 b0 R
}
( I1 ^, L5 N, z( @8 f q
3 j; H' `4 u1 a+ A/ m1 ? S5 h
: f1 k0 m+ h' i r4 g6 V! L& j9 |函数名: sqrt 
! l1 G5 h5 N- I功能: 计算平方根
& m* K- H+ o8 P- \6 [8 r9 x2 ~用法: double sqrt(double x); / Y7 S9 S% Z& c# N/ C: ^6 P( ^" _) r
程序例: 7 y- M2 m$ [/ f; [( ?
#include <MATH.H>
; b+ ]- P7 Y0 s; |% z; ?9 y4 F#include <STDIO.H>7 f: C/ U$ Q8 u2 p5 N% [
int main(void) ; n: k# f) f* D" B$ r% z# D
{ \: p" X% P+ I0 U; S) D
double x = 4.0, result; M5 h/ c6 o# ^
result = sqrt(x); " Z2 n. n8 `% q. n3 Q) a
printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); - T& ^. }: U0 T% X: E/ A- q) \
return 0; 8 w+ H/ \ ]+ M; q
} 1 j; m% N/ J1 a& d# b) ~

' f0 p$ d" c) r- V9 e函数名: srand 
1 ?5 i& R1 Q/ z# L n A' C功能: 初始化随机数发生器 " C/ P8 N6 L k8 {9 T
用法: void srand(unsigned seed); 6 |9 S' Z. S" `( j8 t
程序例: 6 B+ l. B2 X8 B7 u- p
#include <STDLIB.H>
% `+ ]7 a. a+ F#include <STDIO.H>' z4 _7 U* N* B, {% ^) ]% k1 B
#include <TIME.H>
$ E9 J4 b' ?4 m% p6 C+ lint main(void)
. L" i/ N4 y. n. B5 | ]# y{
8 o8 v- N8 W! Y4 s4 g( Dint i;
: X: q* f* j z. D+ F8 A1 jtime_t t; 
srand((unsigned) time(&t)); 5 L# v9 a3 D8 n- ~" {) {6 I
printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n"); 8 N4 k- V* n3 D
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
1 I. z8 D: \) n) o* Tprintf("%d\n", rand() % 100); 3 ~- x0 |# f H7 y g
return 0; 7 ^* ?3 e7 a- a" b+ u
}
/ t& T E& Y% x7 u9 v6 \" I
' p6 O; @7 P8 N; C, s! e, O0 R+ O9 _" A& l3 e
函数名: sscanf 
# ?6 F- a( ^; i/ _5 L: g* [- k功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
; X6 e" Q1 ~8 R. L2 q$ W& \1 S用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
- A1 P4 i9 z, x/ v7 _# _程序例: 
) F1 f, A2 k+ d' D/ W#include <STDIO.H>
. a5 Q$ O0 |2 \#include <CONIO.H>; }$ X8 o1 X0 p7 ?! w6 T" r# I
int main(void)
8 m) t0 d; t9 q{ 7 M: h4 V2 m/ y9 O
char label[20];
/ F5 b X+ W1 Gchar name[20]; , ~" U8 F) }; J5 M0 h" D- H3 [% d
int entries = 0;
5 J& q% V1 p5 m$ ?2 E4 gint loop, age; & R: c* @- Z5 z
double salary; 
$ B, e5 Q" [3 ?; d: zstruct Entry_struct
 { q# B& I' C, D# q{ & \7 l! G& c, X; K& Q" X8 r
char name[20]; 3 X0 N1 M( O# f3 K, N( P+ l, M1 g
int age; $ j& ~, |2 E, q$ y. S- o# Z1 N
float salary;
7 J c5 n, d0 | s5 h2 J} entry[20]; f1 T: X: h# m- r- x( ^8 H% J# K! S+ O4 Z
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
7 B+ p" O) M8 C% yprintf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
4 s. Z3 V. A% V" z4 j+ gscanf("%20s", label); , C6 B6 D& p; F9 z6 o t0 G
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ / x* j1 T( \; ]3 C( b
/* Input number of entries as an integer */
' K `; g1 D, ]7 Z2 b Jprintf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); & w2 c% D" B K4 k8 T
scanf("%d", &entries); ( i Y. x9 b3 y% \- ?
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
) H& f. n8 K! U7 h' H! m8 r" O/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ : Q( G \4 N$ t+ V8 ~
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
/ _. n3 x4 U% ^: L { 1 }9 F6 j: V5 d2 z' E" o9 ?
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
1 ~% l L! F8 n- W' r/ Oprintf(" Name : "); r% [ ~) m- s2 v: |
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
8 T% P ~ s$ y: a: \/ h' Qfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 5 m0 z8 K0 u8 Q* o
/* input an age as an integer */ " h, L7 R5 M: [7 A8 x6 U% @
printf(" Age : "); . y% S5 v7 T, J) {
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); 6 `) S" n) w% E0 { e
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 2 m. [' w7 ]& c
/* input a salary as a float */ 6 l2 p6 d% U7 K/ R& L2 S
printf(" Salary : ");
# f' |- ^- ?5 `6 U- Jscanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
; ~; t5 V' |- }6 offlush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
) u: G3 G( i p} 
- H; V1 \% }8 f3 A% F1 |/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ 0 y: Z7 |& E: ?, ?
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
& k h; n) w4 X Sscanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); 3 R. T$ g+ {: m. }' u8 Q
1 d) L& S9 o+ Q* }3 z- Z
/* Print out the data that was input */ + K1 d2 u+ W1 t3 `
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
# f9 i$ J7 M1 J. }! q9 Jprintf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
5 {, k1 n% }+ d' d4 I& ?printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
1 n, Z$ V4 B, A; Zfor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) - J9 `& S- @: r
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n", 0 O' F8 |9 C0 }2 H
loop + 1,
0 d2 h0 _' r0 B, R3 V% R4 Yentry[loop].name, 5 H9 ?# D, n+ C" E& X
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
9 r; ]3 Y! L" i/ j3 n+ O' y( ?printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); % D+ Q/ y! }; L! c
return 0;
* h- x7 H3 U% k: e}
" X! J5 h! G5 q5 J' y& s
+ Z6 H5 _0 E+ a" ?. M$ N$ b/ T. U) I' u0 q$ f U$ \
函数名: stat 
, \8 V* F5 U' v% C, \ x功能: 读取打开文件信息 4 d6 [. ~% l7 |4 g9 Y
用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff); 7 [1 w' {% f8 c5 H
程序例: ' B3 N/ ?- S; e1 G" ~* {* B$ L
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
. c9 a) c3 |$ w* G/ Y#include <STDIO.H>+ |, J! y9 m0 p" ^
#include <TIME.H>
# g! p8 e/ u4 u#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" ' D h! H! m( `( P S6 j2 Z
int main(void)
3 H+ X1 {: p! w& r2 P- U6 J{ $ C' a! @) a1 f3 F z" S/ b
struct stat statbuf; 0 O3 [+ [' Z2 G8 u4 j9 P4 C
FILE *stream; 4 r8 `. H. \( h1 j9 @! ^
/* open a file for update */
5 {8 z T6 @' F' ^1 t7 z- Fif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL)
" x, ~2 O/ y; g- s; n{ $ }( Y" a% @4 Z- c3 w k- v
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
9 M5 U0 L. e, i8 \+ Y2 J9 d6 O6 Ireturn(1); 9 K+ B: U" I4 ]" H }0 W
} ) I; o" \" R! u" p" s; e
/* get information about the file */
3 C9 ?& ]5 {( u( K2 Z* tstat(FILENAME, &statbuf); ; s* a# `) P# V [/ S" u
fclose(stream); 6 F) c4 l6 J8 b$ L4 w
/* display the information returned */ 0 D, x/ W7 k4 ], k: j
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)
4 ^# T# J( |8 l( Mprintf("Handle refers to a device.\n"); * @! n: k# i5 s' w% k; E3 p% m
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
7 R3 ~. M& C' Cprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); * k F$ B+ |7 K g6 P6 X% t
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) % ]8 j* c L$ w; g& G- q3 a0 f1 j7 u! |
printf("User has read permission on file.\n");
* M+ D: }1 M8 B# O$ nif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
. R0 {2 \2 j# Y$ o& I6 c8 q Q: iprintf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 
; T% L' H* a, _: G7 p7 gprintf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev); - p' i/ a& O; ]: M) M, Z
printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size);
( Z/ [8 ]7 y& F2 ?9 e0 Dprintf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime)); 9 U2 F4 M0 ^5 D
return 0;
- H. h- ?9 @ I# \}
% w: g5 R: Y5 ~# y2 J$ K9 ~3 \& R& h1 g5 I A4 D
5 i3 w3 a4 L* m' O& ~, p4 v
' d0 ~- k( N: J
函数名: _status87 
# \5 W, [$ W; x$ Y0 `+ l- C2 |# ?7 m4 h功能: 取浮点状态
. T1 y: o/ L4 m+ k( K0 r用法: unsigned int _status87(void);
 x. P, r8 m$ ^0 _0 Q程序例: + b# }" j& R/ X! g
#include <STDIO.H>1 M/ ~7 p" j; c# M" j
#include <FLOAT.H>2 h& X2 t0 J, t$ E9 J
int main(void)
; d5 I$ {# N1 P$ r7 d5 Y% r{
" M: P, U9 _6 N! l( A1 \$ Lfloat x; 9 l/ |. L5 }( y/ w, _3 T; ?! G7 [
double y = 1.5e-100; 
! U! j$ u+ X9 T) n {2 yprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 
5 O: ]8 G- a- i6 }, @3 V4 Dx = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
) `5 C% {( @/ A; D' my = x; 
5 B5 q" P/ B8 j F. c ]printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87());
% N6 k8 P. ?2 a/ ?: v. K! |return 0; ! g0 i- g- t! {: i# _
}
& G' B7 }: R" |8 j; Z* \
& \+ p2 s# t' }! r& N- S/ s; n( T+ l- I5 b* C4 r2 \, l9 k; l& Y3 |
函数名: stime " R9 q- B' E7 T' K6 M' l
功能: 设置时间 0 i! J6 z4 G! M6 C
用法: int stime(long *tp);
; C( O/ ^8 h; Y5 M! M程序例: 
$ z* K& u( w$ s, |; I: v& j" o#include <STDIO.H>- W1 ~7 r/ ]- M% B6 m
#include <TIME.H>
, f5 X" D. ~8 E' i2 G1 Q" B0 C: N1 x#include <DOS.H>7 D' m% n7 P, n7 Q# `- g
int main(void) # E2 Y* w' @* f, y5 C* \
{ + ?% v2 D( v+ v1 W' y
time_t t;
0 H1 U# K1 g. Q- B% Astruct tm *area; 
' I9 c$ K6 J9 R1 p' K; gt = time(NULL); ! E9 n$ R5 T* q
area = localtime(&t); ) J6 x* j% P9 S
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); 1 H9 j! j6 E! c V% m& D$ i4 R
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); + x+ `* A6 G3 c6 ^
t++; 0 `+ Q7 _& g! H# E) K# Y5 q! ~
area = localtime(&t);
* L% K7 d2 @9 c+ A t3 T, G) D4 Hprintf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 
; R6 ^+ f* w% c' a }; f! J; At += 60; : D/ M% u! v0 V3 i& T3 z6 Z
area = localtime(&t); , A0 F# Y6 l; V: G4 G
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 
7 W V# B1 @( Q. @5 k) Jt += 3600;
: y1 q2 Z6 A, C- n$ l2 \area = localtime(&t);
9 S& }% `: A% M% @' Tprintf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 
 Y. h1 ?* g) W( e7 et += 86400L;
6 p! d% D% ~/ ~- ?& a% ~7 Jarea = localtime(&t);
1 T! J5 [2 e9 b# j# oprintf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 
' e o! Y: r; \$ u2 \3 Dt += 2592000L; % Q8 n2 s. V) t3 W
area = localtime(&t);
- j$ f! u# b. o. Eprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 
5 B" \/ W4 b" M% }+ kt += 31536000L; s# q- N% v5 ]* o/ o2 ]
area = localtime(&t);
$ Z' U2 U6 u; w; iprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); % t+ @' s/ d# w# }6 S
return 0;
& V1 X; h$ K! ]: \" k1 A7 F} 
1 i; M, ?- h' D: Z; ]
* y% N: p/ Y3 i( }0 d( b( y4 C6 G! D: h

3 q$ v, C/ W/ m8 J# B! a, b0 h7 V函数名: stpcpy 
1 B4 l1 |! U) {; T- `+ n功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 1 ?$ K* \! H" K* d, s
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
2 P. @/ N# I( x. h& G程序例: * U! x5 R- Y3 q9 w+ a& P" n% P
#include <STDIO.H>3 O: X4 U& @& S, X
#include <STRING.H>
; o) _9 u# F# h1 l$ L8 F" uint main(void)
) j0 v$ Z+ P2 v1 e{ 4 _! L7 R8 U1 s! D; m( b; w* Y% p2 H
char string[10]; . L2 W" m8 @7 Y( e, h
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
% O2 z/ T/ w: D- g, b. Estpcpy(string, str1); % |+ ?7 i0 ~ V, G6 F$ F* C
printf("%s\n", string);
% K+ A4 G- @* Oreturn 0;
5 v4 f6 w" |" A' [: U, v% G) S: K$ Z8 _} , S! s# {" p! |% k- t& l

$ v4 Z) t+ G- s9 O2 b. Y4 d1 I" o8 w3 N% F# n
2 ?6 ]6 A* ]# e' B
函数名: strcat 
& i- ~% a! x2 n6 D! E. |功能: 字符串拼接函数
6 b: ~$ J+ G, R8 F( r0 s2 q0 p用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); ! u s& p- Y, {' ?
程序例: 0 C8 p4 K0 Y+ J; f0 d
#include <STRING.H>9 o1 y% d, w4 j* {
#include <STDIO.H>, m" h$ ?0 X" T" ?1 m( x
int main(void) - q { n$ S: H$ `! B
{ 0 T: }+ P: t* k7 {
char destination[25]; # i7 M( X4 t7 L8 C" K
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
% p5 z. N$ h7 ^& z9 Jstrcpy(destination, Borland); ' j- `$ u- ^, r! y J
strcat(destination, blank);
6 _9 \, n# i' A6 ~1 @strcat(destination, c); 
, y- ~# ]9 i G( N8 {printf("%s\n", destination); ( `# c9 y) z( X5 H9 d$ d f
return 0;
5 y% |" R2 k: J}
1 c) `$ H$ w7 z E1 H$ P6 {7 n3 \+ z$ P- K3 y9 N. W4 {# _

) j4 G+ k& p) ~5 {! S% ^ b) D; [. `
8 X& Y0 s, g( `* k5 z1 Z) `8 |函数名: strchr 6 B8 [: d" ^; m: i! q B, [$ i
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\ : b$ L* c% f- _3 M) Z$ z
用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
1 W: @, O: f5 i2 E P程序例: " y/ d0 u- R7 Q* k# j
#include <STRING.H>* }: A( t4 p; y: G* M, F) m
#include <STDIO.H>2 N5 I/ J: o# h- y5 h
int main(void)
0 [$ I. G$ e) k4 h9 I{ 3 h! L0 p( T) V8 T2 f+ b
char string[15]; + _5 Z+ I3 T1 U# o. W
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
2 S- L6 F9 P9 d% U6 |4 astrcpy(string, "This is a string");
( r. ]6 Y# W0 r! ^ptr = strchr(string, c); $ A n; m/ K+ h, c9 l
if (ptr)
; Y/ ]9 {6 I% A3 X* ~% y o1 R: _& Wprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); , A; x- [9 W% S' W8 O
else ) C ~: s- }3 t6 i6 W' O
printf("The character was not found\n");
 _" ` ]/ F) Z9 q, mreturn 0;
: }2 r3 M8 F5 {" l( B- T9 q& B, k$ V}
+ Y, m L" D$ e- |% N7 _/ w
' ^1 Y7 u" w% j( |$ d6 V" j' c' T
- ^/ Z$ v9 D' Z, B0 X- a
/ l, w7 g3 `1 f# i函数名: strcmp
$ d: t2 P0 H, T8 ^5 j* D功能: 串比较
" ^0 ? V( ^2 A& L1 {- E. C c用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
; a6 y! n/ v7 W/ F! f j$ |程序例: # B! Y6 e: P: f" b
#include <STRING.H>
! \) w' N9 T7 _#include <STDIO.H>( b3 V5 b$ f# }; Z4 A
int main(void) ! W `' ?+ Q( ?6 t4 S1 m2 x @
{ $ t9 l% x4 J( t) `6 W; g. @
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; 2 `8 k* p' Z6 c
int ptr; 
# [7 H K x! k; _; nptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
9 o5 q! n1 O% F8 k! n6 F% bif (ptr > 0)
' r) @7 h6 T& |) m( u- f, o* vprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
$ o3 H! `$ v3 P* belse - G6 C7 |" Z: p& N. M3 h' z7 R
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ) r& H y% I6 Y# L$ w' A2 z
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); $ Z' @) C# H: M
if (ptr > 0)
3 I/ {; b. J6 n1 cprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
1 R+ w. X, }+ q, Delse ' E" J" U6 p% b- ^1 k, ^
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
9 y% L4 k9 U: G, L, z0 }/ M5 D2 r5 areturn 0; 4 O3 o! I+ E6 `
}
7 C3 D' w4 Z3 G' w9 r
; `+ ~' O0 z% P' R. q% Q }+ I$ Y2 Y( H$ _. C7 ]! [* x

1 \% l# z2 [. A# G) F. o6 Q! f函数名: strncmpi 0 q4 {2 H5 u. U
功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
( n6 ]) o) n! j3 ~9 V: O用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
7 p6 e J* y) d" p; ^) h1 r% m8 k程序例: 
8 w) j# A1 M/ L6 x, J#include <STRING.H>
5 z* J! u2 b1 D4 g9 B5 O. P6 x#include <STDIO.H>
7 |& P- k) U2 ]& Gint main(void)
( z' b) C& A# Z- l5 d, \" _. W, V{ ) l9 o& n3 Z. I/ E i4 n7 }
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; 5 T, [: l7 B4 h3 l0 D
int ptr; . n) e! f4 u u
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); ! ]9 r- V. v) w
if (ptr > 0)
# j6 } R/ d. ^ Eprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
" ]; o1 y; `5 Xif (ptr < 0)
4 Z) J* _- t" a; F$ p; d5 Pprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); + b, ?& ]: c9 e/ g% p/ q
if (ptr == 0) 1 W8 v! |" C1 y. B5 y
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
- g) D5 }5 n( F% Z+ D4 Dreturn 0;
3 ^! N1 D1 H$ l, g) C}
# v$ m; U6 l, J( F+ T3 @1 c
' A# Y ?4 r! {; U6 L& i3 i9 I: |) h1 t7 s
0 a, V& ^# B- m( }
函数名: strcpy # m0 P! n0 ^7 @. i
功能: 串拷贝
- ^* B# f* p, e" ~3 ]0 F7 Y" r用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
! K1 T( X! L; k) ~+ `程序例: / W, F1 C0 d! s9 ?( R1 S' S
#include <STDIO.H>
( R- _: e6 D- @2 Q$ l1 n#include <STRING.H>
. x4 w" d( z% e8 E2 m! p3 qint main(void) 8 _# i' a& ]) O- z" l- R& i2 L0 A8 w
{
$ P# r' o Z- C3 v8 V2 C/ G* ]0 xchar string[10]; # v; E) Y) P) Z- z
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
$ \* ?! {( n8 T) d9 Lstrcpy(string, str1); / y* s1 Z# A: v# \2 L; y2 W# D
printf("%s\n", string);
, m, p+ ]1 t% W4 h) b9 n7 S' mreturn 0;
. v2 g) d' ^+ p9 v4 n/ \5 L}
( F: E+ }" j) |9 V# K A( ]
7 ]4 ]+ z& l* l$ B3 `8 W
& \* b% M8 f: o4 c- u; U$ S2 d' \# e% q$ t! t
函数名: strcspn 
$ @# @ _% A+ w5 a1 [功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 ! C& t# {+ v1 z
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
1 f& X% y3 M) e" ]6 l6 y/ }程序例: 
1 G. r# i- M, S8 f3 t" |( U3 K" b#include <STDIO.H>0 u; g& Q' u& J0 O' |
#include <STRING.H>
# V+ _+ N3 Y+ z: }% S' j8 ~; N#include <ALLOC.H>9 d4 y& e9 T( P; r6 z, X* t
int main(void)
+ N! y/ D p2 n: S, A5 [; g+ _{ 9 x8 J( d* z9 Q$ b7 D3 s7 c) a! A
char *string1 = "1234567890";
4 D6 V0 A2 n3 U) D! Nchar *string2 = "747DC8"; 3 H+ D6 ? H0 C; U7 Q {
int length; S5 ?7 Y$ M6 T, d) M: T
length = strcspn(string1, string2); / F3 c9 B8 F( x- X
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 5 h9 S; _0 C7 E- i0 m$ \
return 0; 8 Y3 ]6 U \& m4 K' e
} 7 ~1 g; M% c5 g" L: o0 r+ R
' J Q/ i% F* z6 W- y9 q% V c
5 h. F& R# l) K' A& N4 }9 b, h
' p! n) n5 C6 K; C3 i, j; [
函数名: strdup # f: ^+ t# E: X1 a( a' H
功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
( _3 P8 I2 V; ~# N0 a: R" c用法: char *strdup(char *str); 2 X ~ _0 E) m/ ^! Y9 s
程序例: 
 I. }: J8 G( U7 t#include <STDIO.H># `/ T( o6 L, L6 `5 T9 N
#include <STRING.H>
- K2 E+ m% J2 R, p+ k$ W! u( D# C) E#include <ALLOC.H>* O* {9 j! V6 F1 `1 A$ l
int main(void) / v: e/ S2 j) Q
{
% N- p1 z( S2 J3 o7 P5 bchar *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 
/ H2 S; Z0 S& d4 N& Hdup_str = strdup(string); 9 F; y) }& R6 x0 V7 H, G! }* P
printf("%s\n", dup_str);
+ T# e. q, L) e }* ~0 _, ^free(dup_str); 
 I2 _' @0 a: t" z0 w& E3 Nreturn 0;
6 l+ a) F( L7 s' f; E} - M5 C# D) P" X+ S
: T, h0 \3 ~; H! S& D# Y/ w. E
& |+ U+ p' G* c3 E* P& ^4 [# D
" g2 Z, `) q$ i# N- Z" G3 w6 X) g
函数名: stricmp 
+ v3 k8 j6 m* G% p1 j) m功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 $ d5 v- z' i' y" `& J
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); 9 I1 B( z6 p9 i) H8 u" S
程序例: 
#include <STRING.H>
% Z8 c) r1 s1 s j8 [4 W7 V#include <STDIO.H>' b) d5 a5 V# ^: E
int main(void)
- m( h* e$ C! c/ N{
9 U! E8 c" V' mchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
8 f; B G; r* B" Z' Mint ptr; 
" ?$ Y! o4 R5 P& p, `ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); k7 J/ ?' i" @
if (ptr > 0)
9 m( H* S' U3 u- k1 y: Mprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
" p! i- m/ O1 `$ {9 p: i" hif (ptr < 0) 5 K5 S1 @+ ?0 i+ M
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
5 w7 i# }4 a) S5 ^' kif (ptr == 0) 8 n# K. n$ i( v6 t: m
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 5 j# B) \# l x3 G- X- E7 k
return 0;
. |# ~; X& \4 F7 P} ' X' _( z0 K2 Q2 X' k8 j

8 i9 Q+ V; \5 O9 s H. J7 q* i$ l0 c# G7 l
函数名: strerror : E7 o* t! r6 }
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
5 r' k+ w$ I% D5 N( @! b' v用法: char *strerror(int errnum); / }: s& Z" \9 K- d! |% j C/ L) B
程序例: 
% o% U/ X+ [6 Q9 B#include <STDIO.H>" B! U( Y+ F- b. @+ W
#include <ERRNO.H>% }! J' N4 Y8 C0 p2 E I0 [2 K
int main(void)
4 m) |/ M7 v7 q' O# U8 ?{
3 _$ ]8 ^. d6 B$ Ochar *buffer; 1 ?# R$ A' [ V" j9 b. @) i
buffer = strerror(errno);
* n4 U3 y! o1 b( E. iprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer); x; A% W9 n# V3 M
return 0;
, x% ~- w s9 Y} # {- f3 N$ \0 ] H2 Y r
4 C6 R- P- [2 _% C* B7 U0 K+ q

4 m" j8 ~* d6 m/ J* p
/ t* {3 y- q" T函数名: strcmpi 6 v- T0 W& e9 f) h: J& _
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 7 K# k! h( v, M( n7 N8 Y& ^
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 8 {4 R" H2 X9 ?4 N I
程序例: 8 x8 r9 i8 g6 s' n
#include <STRING.H>
6 v) v+ F0 l2 F+ q8 T! Y7 r# O' K9 E& ~#include <STDIO.H>
; d2 B( J: z/ D# U$ x% R0 \8 ^int main(void) 6 ]" m+ a2 R" T( I/ l6 h
{
6 W# f, A) K( Hchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; , _- I! g+ M& H Y% T' K* b! Y1 s- e
int ptr; * z2 b6 {! H" ]4 a$ w( w
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
4 q6 v( t: p# z% S8 e m7 Gif (ptr > 0)
0 ~3 l& M/ P' Rprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); . ?9 S' ~1 f6 n: |6 J1 x. d
if (ptr < 0)
3 D5 h1 |( m% ^9 b/ Zprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ) P6 ]2 K( k$ J6 a& S
if (ptr == 0) , N$ S; ^' _( Z7 Z2 A
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
, i& b X' J, ]% m% [0 r, T( Nreturn 0; 8 w8 O( w5 I7 `8 R
} 1 a2 B, Q) V' \! j3 i. H; H
, M0 r7 b" z! _+ Q& `6 N& J

: o; A! S) j$ f: R" i* q
- h0 T8 U V% ]' y. T9 g& P函数名: strncmp 
. z6 @4 v0 U% O) s$ ~- }( o4 j! ?功能: 串比较 3 z ~4 C5 i9 a+ Z/ b& o
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen); 1 Z" E6 {" V! x" E$ J% _
程序例: 
2 A7 t2 b9 L2 b' M+ L; _#include <STRING.H>* X4 v$ u r _; P" J) @
#include <STDIO.H>
) e# c3 y2 I+ ~( J3 Lint main(void) 
, A& p+ f+ f6 W# e& X$ x# s) q3 z{ 0 o; x) _$ z5 k6 x `% e! X
char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; ) t) D9 D; m* V( S+ ]5 q
int ptr; # B% z: w* d6 u9 h7 ?, \
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
. E2 Z& b5 h- C( I2 ^& L8 w! O* O0 aif (ptr > 0)
! P2 L+ t2 h. Iprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); - c* p% r8 Z$ I& a- ?
else
5 A ]4 p7 H1 I% X: a& aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 2 S3 ?; C1 _: D- u
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
4 F6 A: a r1 t8 l. t6 @1 Aif (ptr > 0)
3 \' {0 p+ |5 B+ C9 j9 H2 {; o8 g* u# mprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); 7 Q3 p( x* L1 X5 E
else
; {$ z M- d/ b1 m6 \) zprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
$ ^0 u: m5 g# \- qreturn(0); # J5 c+ m8 I2 G8 }2 c% h
}
" p* u; I% e) c2 o. s. S+ H8 }( J5 b1 ~/ ~& `
. l: m' K% m5 j7 P5 `
函数名: strncmpi . }; z3 G; V( a, G9 A
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
3 v. |; u/ J \3 |+ Y; y% R用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); ) r* b' W2 h7 W: I
程序例: & u0 O1 z O0 `" N. ]0 u
#include <STRING.H>
' |- n3 t3 b' C: P; d#include <STDIO.H>, F3 v4 v! c- d: l, X$ J
int main(void)
" ~' I8 |- ^* j{ G$ x' s8 m3 M& X; d$ W
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; $ B$ ^/ k4 F0 y! E
int ptr; 7 x2 V: D1 Q6 l- J
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 
7 ?4 C ]0 S6 o: T8 Bif (ptr > 0)
! K! `6 ^* a6 n! \. @: M) Fprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
& S1 k9 ^: k! h3 P% H2 _if (ptr < 0)
) \$ l: h6 D8 @& f8 f0 kprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); * ]) V/ k9 Q, I8 h3 }
if (ptr == 0) f w: t& ?6 b1 n0 R% l
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 1 h: v7 q1 B2 o) k1 g. Y+ t& ^
return 0; 
* L9 t8 r9 G( f* f} & s- c4 g: I X) i9 @3 `& [
$ t% x9 }2 _% ^$ s$ J- F
& `/ V Y- ~- s S) ?3 y
函数名: strncpy 
7 ~# c# [0 K) H" S6 M功能: 串拷贝
8 _% [9 [- n. V1 B用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
* a& ^5 ]8 [( T, Q1 f程序例: 
! E0 W: c9 D5 K+ v#include <STDIO.H>0 a6 ?7 c0 v: Q' Q, Q
#include <STRING.H>6 v/ R, R k6 C1 d! f; v+ P5 @. G
int main(void) : A0 f: {$ L _: t7 m
{ 9 C4 L! ~5 s/ g3 A1 {7 x2 ^2 T
char string[10]; ( @5 ^8 Q: R. a+ p9 D6 g" Y
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
0 V0 @7 S" Y3 X* Gstrncpy(string, str1, 3); / h- `+ z1 S& \5 [) E4 ~" v6 ?
string[3] = '\0';
: B; `2 B3 @$ W. y. d! H! p5 Q# wprintf("%s\n", string);
) _+ A( @0 t) ?# e' F; m$ V) Creturn 0;
* ?& W; c6 F: A6 b}
. O8 i- N4 D5 I9 l; F4 R$ y# e0 g. P8 t, {
* c' n! l* I" `- ~$ ~/ s! s( w
函数名: strnicmp 
( I) u0 v! e) r6 C, p% C功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
) f7 r2 o! n8 e3 b" n% m, z' i$ T用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
( w- y* W1 K: T7 k, j" y程序例: 8 @0 c; K5 u8 k; V, _( b
#include <STRING.H> C' m( }2 ~3 m1 R& U- G8 F0 ?
#include <STDIO.H>
9 w" A2 M' {/ P9 A% I! aint main(void)
& x4 ?; W, e! u# S! A$ l) _{ " g5 m* j% Y% _1 y) ~" n; E
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; 5 Q/ v9 a* q# }4 m$ A4 q0 y
int ptr; ! J6 U1 g2 E: X6 }# R1 h
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 2 c9 F! e. E' f2 v$ W6 b6 o
if (ptr > 0)
: G7 R5 f+ _0 o+ e: O' Lprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 2 h6 k* G5 I( T8 v: o0 Q" r! v1 v
if (ptr < 0)
) ]6 G. u J) uprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 1 K' F2 p& z' Y2 O9 U
if (ptr == 0) . m$ f# ]( i: q6 x V1 T
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
( T4 p% K& m4 d4 Z8 z1 P$ ?$ Oreturn 0;
& a p- Q; n' A+ ]) ?7 x f) M6 A}
- Z0 D9 K! Z+ p3 u9 k
3 O9 w# O' v" O: E9 t7 D* Y! N( u/ Q5 f* n3 @# P' \# u! |7 A

0 z5 O/ e- _3 A函数名: strnset u( Q. r. s l- A
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 % @/ d+ Y# V: b8 q* m
用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n); * l, P; B! K' y d9 y. ?+ C a$ u
程序例: 9 N: @' w$ Y3 A3 t" k1 |
#include <STDIO.H>* N6 V$ H2 o5 C
#include <STRING.H>' a* O! D# E0 W+ D4 y+ G: O- m
int main(void)
+ z1 O5 C# ` Y% _! b3 Q{
4 r' @/ @5 O: xchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
* c5 | q7 \2 U9 Q# T+ Z& Mchar letter = 'x'; " w* @1 k$ k6 u1 F. ?
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
! ]. }4 F9 m, [) K# F, d* Qstrnset(string, letter, 13);
* b7 a7 q. K: T* ]' C1 [5 O( Cprintf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 
- j3 }* u$ p- d9 W( mreturn 0; 8 _* y7 A9 U. S3 b# P, M
} 1 h3 r0 n; q7 a8 u. k) |3 ]

" z& T+ O8 t+ f& U/ y" _) U2 b a! r8 z: ~' G
函数名: strpbrk 
7 t% T m, m+ s$ c; ~ h2 z: L功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 5 {, l. C5 b/ ]6 o
用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
1 a1 o- u. D n' t& j! [! C程序例: 
- s* j! m( G0 W* c( C" w#include <STDIO.H>
2 W7 f( l8 g5 j1 E: \0 z( I6 t#include <STRING.H>
/ G7 R5 I7 v$ h3 m) h' |! ]int main(void) . ]4 T- l3 b3 g, X& U* k
{ # Y5 W2 |8 V1 K* g
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 7 d$ q7 |$ a& z+ _, T2 t& p
char *string2 = "onm"; 8 T' R- V$ F" F$ @6 B ^
char *ptr; % {2 H- e3 V) C0 C: H
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 9 F x$ ?7 k' T4 k5 z2 D
if (ptr)
! J$ M% A: `& s& ^# eprintf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); 8 z5 v* k# r- A+ b/ t/ ^
else . p. P' P3 J N4 B
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); $ \3 I* I! R0 a" M
return 0;
1 U& v3 E, {6 E, X} ) q$ Q8 p* I; }( {
# g& K& x- K) p, P1 X U+ L4 B
3 b; E+ r3 Q- N) c7 M4 t

% V& i K! }) _# c2 R. i函数名: strrchr % Q) M( c6 [0 H2 t3 r% s
功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
. {) t2 p7 @( L O u/ r' j* e用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
$ A% h# |! }7 E6 q4 U程序例: 0 [0 }. W/ ?* X% Y* t& w0 x( U5 C
#include <STRING.H>! }, M$ ?( H; U6 V3 f' w
#include <STDIO.H>
1 V% i4 G6 Z* y7 c3 [1 H) dint main(void)
. |% Y9 R. f2 s. ]{
1 V9 Q- q1 M$ a6 h: }0 ^0 gchar string[15];
) v7 j. y+ R0 O. X: S: \+ O" K7 Hchar *ptr, c = 'r'; 9 P# F5 k3 W7 J T
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
! V4 G5 S8 C4 m- }( y$ K! l9 Tptr = strrchr(string, c); 9 y6 d, V1 H) v/ v
if (ptr)
* c9 v. |. C8 c( ^) ~5 lprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); 7 ?+ X7 t) _* x( \: H$ _
else
. H6 ^+ v# M( k6 {$ V+ `( Lprintf("The character was not found\n");
5 H0 r/ s( R5 C4 p& n. {return 0;
) H! g. v! s4 ]1 u# |} - D; h" Q5 K$ h# ~! T! k

- F: D- p Z* w! t. L
6 S" p* O( G# e2 B' |, ~: H" _: D E1 o3 R
函数名: strrev : Y3 @! T s0 i2 J
功能: 串倒转 # f6 U* N3 R( \
用法: char *strrev(char *str); 9 Y* Q. F- F3 |/ o1 P2 A: A
程序例: 
2 A* F. v9 K* N# d#include <STRING.H>% s K9 }7 n0 K( d% H% D5 j3 H% A
#include <STDIO.H># J/ i8 |" X6 o: j* F
int main(void) m( K0 K t! y2 D
{ 0 _ I" M, @. B6 r
char *forward = "string"; 
6 S! u9 C4 B: \; p* |# mprintf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
3 u1 {9 X; y6 X% N$ S t3 xstrrev(forward); 0 y5 J6 j8 K* u' L; R
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
; n$ c: Y# d% u- Z0 B, Rreturn 0; ) f( o2 P# }( Q: R7 F+ w& C
} ; o& Y5 Q0 t: L- b9 B

" u: g# y1 ^" q0 U# c函数名: strset 
/ ]9 x7 z; T# v2 d+ f# g功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
) E: P& `# n& m) u6 A用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); 7 U1 i& } C$ _ s3 g
程序例: 
9 Z% b3 d& b2 ^8 a#include <STDIO.H>
( V* w1 h* ?' q9 \: z) ^$ z2 r2 o#include <STRING.H>
. r( u& p; E# wint main(void) 0 K5 v2 r% a) l% @% Y
{ 3 z& s' u5 s2 J$ V3 |" m6 X, j2 W
char string[10] = "123456789"; & e- F3 F% ^- Z) _3 z9 Q9 ~$ B
char symbol = 'c'; + f2 I2 h9 d# Q. G$ i
printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);
2 Q- C0 U: L* F# z! y! R6 nstrset(string, symbol);
1 k* N8 c& L: @$ Bprintf("After strset(): %s\n", string); 3 `7 s6 ?) A, L( I. @& S
return 0;
6 Y: ?4 o: \4 F2 K% H. v, N' k}
( H) w5 x4 h, ~ }
" _+ L l/ @! J* i
3 l- i7 z8 |/ d/ W2 R
函数名: strspn / Z. _1 x4 ~) h/ ?2 f E) X
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
% c% i/ I1 L' ^& n- a: K7 k用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
% S8 N8 ]: t5 R0 R: [& Q, f8 p程序例: - b+ \% T. {& p8 O4 d) x: q3 Y
#include <STDIO.H>
9 L$ Y7 o! G# ^#include <STRING.H>
6 `. U' ^4 {: A& c) |. }#include <ALLOC.H>
4 v0 R. M+ J. I8 P$ Wint main(void)
" o5 U. B7 J& o" T; N{
. K/ A# h; G3 B9 @8 L4 [char *string1 = "1234567890";
char *string2 = "123DC8"; 5 n* J; L/ z9 ?9 e( K' e# W, O1 m4 f
int length; 0 X8 ?3 [) ~7 A0 O
length = strspn(string1, string2); 9 x' x1 r( X& m
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
* D( `. `4 ^, |5 v' h* U/ ^2 Ireturn 0; - G7 {5 O0 I) |9 n: |
} 0 Z! T R# A8 s* k

1 K" i7 K; _9 G! E1 N
$ F, I! Q9 z! [+ u函数名: strstr 
) L0 s0 `' g, Q2 h$ Z1 \功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 * O5 s# U: N" w2 t8 Q; R+ _
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
$ v8 B; s( S. a程序例: 
2 m+ k/ p, V7 e4 O" c4 Q) T#include <STDIO.H>
7 P' ~7 ~- t& g, ]3 I#include <STRING.H>
3 @. L& _& x/ F2 U/ @8 H" Vint main(void) 4 T; }0 y$ H! @+ {, d# U3 U% b
{
. l- Q* B0 O K$ D& Achar *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
4 P! q4 a1 u! f1 a8 g, U Dptr = strstr(str1, str2);
& O0 O* \1 Q: m! mprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); 5 |; N/ Z- R% M$ {4 x
return 0; 7 ~$ E6 U! x# ^1 i
} " ]6 Q( i* K, K) `. v" D
4 C5 ]% T# [8 K- |. F
- Z* R" Q) O( E( v# r
函数名: strtod i: i) T0 T$ k
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 7 ^* O) R# ]7 W+ S
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr); . T7 W5 u6 v3 \: C: h! _
程序例: 
; }2 ]# \$ [' U; w2 H#include <STDIO.H>: V) U8 x, S' m
#include <STDLIB.H>3 ^3 r5 d: j9 u! E6 X
int main(void) ( |. j/ t+ C& Q7 a
{
 \4 [1 H, S6 l/ S! rchar input[80], *endptr; 3 T( y( B- l4 Q* `& a+ W$ c
double value; 
# s) n3 R6 {+ Y) z5 wprintf("Enter a floating point number:"); + u0 m0 `8 V: h- z0 q* y& Y) S
gets(input);
0 N- l. P1 q! L+ U, @8 m4 @value = strtod(input, &endptr);
& _: q5 x& z M# k# Gprintf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
+ B8 g U5 g2 z, T0 E) ]+ r* Breturn 0;
$ k3 i k0 X1 l: w}
0 R4 B' ^0 W" e+ H" w; I# j5 z J( f) N* ~# R& }

. n! Z. g/ G# Q; n* a1 [1 G2 g% T q6 s; D3 v! ~# q6 ]" m
函数名: strtok : e* Q5 x: n# Z" B G/ ^, V( N0 Z
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 # f e. W5 l; R2 G1 A
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2); + l) Z0 q( p4 G( u0 w2 S4 p4 ^
程序例: 
; n4 t% q1 `- {#include <STRING.H>
9 T0 ~& I7 s! W0 T6 f#include <STDIO.H>! I: H" |/ d/ h' k
int main(void) 5 y. [" S& A/ d. O1 J, m
{
) [8 o& ~( z+ f& Y) mchar input[16] = "abc,d"; 3 L1 }; C% Y, T
char *p; 
! l _6 \" f' ~4 C* e* I3 w/* strtok places a NULL terminator
- x% P: R! l0 U6 L) Uin front of the token, if found */
 i1 [, }2 @3 o% D0 ~0 y [p = strtok(input, ",");
! `( U8 _( y1 u- G) P8 Pif (p) printf("%s\n", p); 
0 i8 n& w5 p" t- T% k1 U5 D* R/* A second call to strtok using a NULL ! B5 V3 M9 L* ^3 l9 ~
as the first parameter returns a pointer ( j. J& H. [3 |4 @
to the character following the token */ . P$ N x. W: C, k) A
p = strtok(NULL, ","); / K* M7 I/ b; J' x
if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
2 K6 k! N c9 }$ breturn 0; 7 r. H# i6 l, F* S+ x! H
}
9 }6 Y- V6 f! m, m
& {; {" j, s( Y0 _+ Y( F+ G# w) ?( @0 r' W) P1 ]+ V- ?7 t% Q
( M' s d% X; g7 L) O
函数名: strtol 
3 ]. X% y' z$ b& k& N6 _% x功能: 将串转换为长整数 ' E+ _2 R k9 P' ?
用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base); & @4 V7 F9 P9 H! X% q! c
程序例: + L( N& z# W/ h: j6 R4 u
#include <STDLIB.H>9 z" C: F: B8 k; }# _
#include <STDIO.H>* y' V* X% D, d+ c. P5 J8 }% v& \# ~
int main(void) ! ]0 D6 _9 o6 i8 ~
{ 4 g E# S9 M5 ~& B7 p
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
, a; ]$ G5 n8 `) Glong lnumber; - z4 e& |. M! c2 H, T
/* strtol converts string to long integer */ ! B8 A' U* O* j4 c" g7 K( m
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); 2 e9 X3 ] h r; v9 k$ y
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); , I# r" y6 k$ c# N: m2 ^' {: d
return 0;
' N- K: d7 A) @+ ]5 ?" I( k* g} 
* m/ _/ k7 Z+ `6 i1 W
6 d; C$ p" h. s7 [" ^5 M: W函数名: strupr & e( a+ c7 n2 M! G y d& X1 F
功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母 # T) N( C2 |6 t3 r0 y4 {
用法: char *strupr(char *str);
7 @" k* E# G% {) w程序例: 
9 V0 O" H/ k/ s, x- ]3 }& s/ g Y4 l#include <STDIO.H>
1 i: N5 g# o. n4 Z) d/ ?#include <STRING.H>
* `9 o8 m& |0 F3 rint main(void)
: ?0 l- H1 i' [- y{
0 X& S5 k0 V8 \; B- B2 t9 l9 P, I! Qchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 
5 M5 h6 I) B' ?- b9 X& p2 q/* converts string to upper case characters */
0 b6 }* v$ d T! Vptr = strupr(string); 5 O2 J3 U2 _) [# h9 Z
printf("%s\n", ptr); 3 N! M! ]2 w* x: }
return 0; % N/ T1 ]3 }. J
} ( M7 {1 T3 d; }! J: u0 P0 r& N

) X- w% ]4 u. Z" f
1 ?/ |; K. F7 E0 \9 [& Q$ f& }
" j; x' z5 q4 S1 R+ T9 n函数名: swab 0 i# t; M" A, W7 E5 o# e; Z7 X' P! W
功能: 交换字节
4 a/ k6 z' ]) n2 }% o: p9 G用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); 1 D& _6 k; k" f7 k7 ]0 {( A9 Y4 }& J' Y$ J
程序例: ) V* h. B7 }& |! Q/ t
#include <STDLIB.H>
5 A& c# x. @, W' r% |) ]0 W7 J& H#include <STDIO.H># \# K! _+ K/ h% P
#include <STRING.H>& |8 H% P# y* A, J
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; 8 O8 }) E% |3 q6 ~, \- m& [
char target[15]; 7 x% \; O+ K6 d9 O4 ~# S. W
int main(void)
8 D* m% M% k. b6 f5 L' Q$ u0 F; A5 s{
 {) K% Z0 M0 h, j0 {' gswab(source, target, strlen(source)); * m9 d7 M$ X4 L# D0 s5 W
printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
$ R! s2 ?; c+ z- D. b/ i5 yreturn 0;
& T! A6 m3 @7 B}
5 s8 r/ P0 } s7 J4 V" d
! f. ?1 U5 ~8 h
5 b* s# Y2 X/ r, E+ `. Z! j. s [' U' q& w7 E$ w4 K
函数名: system 
! p* ~# c7 O6 p7 J8 T" v功能: 发出一个DOS命令
 C2 u7 T) X% }# y2 j- Y& x用法: int system(char *command); / I$ m+ L! E+ Q" Q( H+ D9 \
程序例: 6 f9 `) ?$ y" [
#include <STDLIB.H>
( D& e+ v1 f% c#include <STDIO.H>
0 q% k. _# k6 k- Fint main(void)
7 l) e, _6 | |2 ^{
7 Y! ?& C+ z3 @# Sprintf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
- Z5 s# D$ O1 V4 csystem("dir"); 7 d i5 @8 n* h8 q5 G
return 0; & N7 R: m8 b K# }- \
}