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数学中国总编辑
TA的每日心情 | 衰 2016-11-18 10:46 |
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签到天数: 206 天 [LV.7]常住居民III 超级版主
群组: 2011年第一期数学建模 群组: 第一期sas基础实训课堂 群组: 第二届数模基础实训 群组: 2012第二期MCM/ICM优秀 群组: MCM优秀论文解析专题 |
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发表于 2011-11-28 10:48
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matlab下面的kalman滤波程序; ^5 x/ F4 z) M, \" M$ C" I: \: [
clear N=200; w(1)=0;
/ [0 V8 h. x. |, Qw=randn(1,N) $ r" Z' |, @4 {# q6 I& ~
x(1)=0; ' O) Q6 n- ^% R+ E' w9 `
a=1;
' L3 r3 I/ j2 Dfor k=2:N; ' d* M' y/ U0 x) ^5 S% a3 V
x(k)=a*x(k-1)+w(k-1);
' v7 D3 P% a+ J, D& o, q% _end ; o. J: t" r: j1 O8 |
V=randn(1,N);
9 x4 k2 \% g' w+ G: _9 `q1=std(V);
1 d/ M) G; h! e F1 u* @Rvv=q1.^2;
4 U0 Q! x' } H! P1 Bq2=std(x);
4 U0 k% C. Z, V' M3 iRxx=q2.^2;
8 d8 s+ s" O( qq3=std(w);
7 Y: j, u; h9 N, dRww=q3.^2; J6 D4 E. C/ M& _
c=0.2;
) s/ `/ ~# C7 j/ e- [# OY=c*x+V;
1 ^5 G" D% a, |" ap(1)=0;
" Z" d! ? J$ ~- H$ {! L" [& m4 ~( Ks(1)=0;
; L7 j5 L, R" q3 u) B% M" Z/ r. Ffor t=2:N;
! p9 o& c* q7 s! \/ X- Bp1(t)=a.^2*p(t-1)+Rww; 7 p" H- H$ J3 Q c
b(t)=c*p1(t)/(c.^2*p1(t)+Rvv); # p& Z/ _. U! o1 \( o0 r' d
s(t)=a*s(t-1)+b(t)*(Y(t)-a*c*s(t-1)); % a- [' u9 M5 \ { Y+ j
p(t)=p1(t)-c*b(t)*p1(t);
# a( e! Y# ]* v+ c# Mend
: r' u, w; p4 w3 [0 E2 \t=1:N;
; N6 `# ?) C0 Y- {% _plot(t,s,'r',t,Y,'g',t,x,'b'); 0 j! |" y* Q6 i( h# h8 n9 }1 V
function [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, varargin)
W" a: g7 R; U( s- r6 Y% o% Kalman filter. % |1 P" V+ t( G' }0 y
% [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, ...)
! s, v! Z! n/ q! m+ D%
& H3 z1 {: A w" f: [) `. C% INPUTS:
/ n, a. I T0 k1 @8 f% y(:,t) - the observation at time t 5 p+ ?1 c7 R2 j
% A - the system matrix
! H- V2 V7 r" s* T+ R% C - the observation matrix . h; N- c3 t# h3 t: s/ K4 S
% Q - the system covariance ' l; v9 l! Q- Y) X' ^
% R - the observation covariance
/ [1 a% N* [9 F5 t8 O* R% init_x - the initial state (column) vector
# Y6 G G2 d- z! y* M% init_V - the initial state covariance 9 t/ v( v4 K, j7 h
%
& T9 q! V E' z% OPTIONAL INPUTS (string/value pairs [default in brackets])
4 m. J t+ X& U9 m# ~% 'model' - model(t)=m means use params from model m at time t [ones(1,T) ]
5 x! ~9 u( p2 W( z+ v- L" i% In this case, all the above matrices take an additional final dimension,
2 K; e! V0 x8 h& e+ }& r# V% i.e., A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m).
1 o, x. i+ n& H: L% y( d% However, init_x and init_V are independent of model(1). 9 z5 }3 X* z2 ~, l S6 c
% 'u' - u(:,t) the control signal at time t [ [] ]
* J* D D. O1 z% 'B' - B(:,:,m) the input regression matrix for model m
4 N% q5 }" X& u0 l$ `( p1 U%
0 R( F1 r- q5 G9 K5 R/ `% OUTPUTS (where X is the hidden state being estimated)
5 Q5 A1 R; r* \/ I" U2 e' K% x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)]
9 d/ Z0 A) d( u: e7 k& J* F% V(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)]
6 }$ A$ |$ q3 T# r% VV(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t), X(:,t-1) | y(:,1:t)] t >= 2
8 f- N7 y" b+ N0 e6 o. u3 I" L/ L% loglik = sum{t=1}^T log P(y(:,t)) 0 S& S- | L- e( v! o
% ; R1 n( S, ?* h3 \0 P3 n
% If an input signal is specified, we also condition on it:
( D5 C1 u* ]4 H C9 I5 e& {% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t)]
. L/ K" g0 ~# _; S% If a model sequence is specified, we also condition on it:
2 ?7 Z. Z5 D( r% A; i% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t), m(1:t)]
( Z0 v- @+ p5 \& Q s[os T] = size(y); 9 u- |$ e0 O3 Z" _: r& b9 s
ss = size(A,1); % size of state space 6 C3 {5 {; [1 J
% set default params ! n- a5 _! l8 n
model = ones(1,T);
% e$ p( S( \" Tu = [];
& t/ `+ D; f- ?0 ?, b, @$ R/ h1 A& ZB = []; ( J4 R7 ]/ o/ d6 l6 X
ndx = []; 1 u6 w1 w7 Y4 e8 y i
args = varargin; 3 f5 I( i& k5 i: L! h
nargs = length(args); ( L0 G @. m! s" a+ k n, [/ P% a
for i=1:2:nargs
- a9 ?* C5 f8 _% G4 i" Tswitch args 1 \8 ^- f! Q; M& u8 C
case 'model', model = args{i+1}; ! u1 V$ Y! i1 H+ a
case 'u', u = args{i+1}; 3 k3 A j# M! q# I, K5 s
case 'B', B = args{i+1}; . H9 P; a( V, n3 w& w8 ]* h
case 'ndx', ndx = args{i+1}; + E: k. s- N u
otherwise, error(['unrecognized argument ' args]) . q. ~5 q% y+ z
end
& U1 d2 [ }1 ]: Eend / C& R2 g& A. I% h
x = zeros(ss, T);
* Y+ K" a- F- c" sV = zeros(ss, ss, T);
u+ v, u3 k3 o( D6 bVV = zeros(ss, ss, T);
+ o8 P& k1 S6 D# T) K% y6 W k) {loglik = 0; / T. a$ G# z0 o) n. C7 h8 @) @
for t=1:T m = model(t); ) X m$ k& g o
if t==1 %prevx = init_x(:,m); % ~ t4 Y/ h" S, e: o, G
%prevV = init_V(:,:,m);
( @* }; w, T' r A; E \ mprevx = init_x;
; ]6 W2 o, A; O* sprevV = init_V;
2 h& _- P5 l6 x) ]initial = 1;
0 G8 ]3 f; [; c) g6 welse prevx = x(:,t-1);
6 ^ Q% u+ c2 ]& OprevV = V(:,:,t-1); 1 J7 j/ t, H. H% b5 r
initial = 0;
9 y7 ^1 `$ Y# n; y Y! Q) i! tend # s, Q, S* q/ N: k% F" L1 S" r
if isempty(u) * i: s: F8 C6 q2 o' I, f* @
[x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ... : O0 D# i+ {9 t' ]2 V( c; J% [
kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, 'initial', initial); else 7 x9 U/ P1 y: u# M1 N# C
if isempty(ndx) [x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ... % o! T/ y+ q# |0 ^
kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(:,:,m)); - Y- Z0 _8 j( |) U
else
^: t0 }2 |: d+ r) `; R4 D, Vi = ndx;
$ e$ Y4 _0 s* W, U! ?% copy over all elements; only some will get updated x(:,t) = prevx; 9 S$ x4 {& d6 _$ i/ G
prevP = inv(prevV);
. }2 H# p8 J3 T% K5 P6 IprevPsmall = prevP(i,i); " @- }+ M- }3 t0 t6 P
prevVsmall = inv(prevPsmall); 8 G" e: m' L6 ~1 }+ z7 B1 i
[x(i,t), smallV, LL, VV(i,i,t)] = ... kalman_update(A(i,i,m), C(:,i,m), Q(i,i,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx(i), prevVsmall, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(i,:,m)); 5 x1 Q& C6 K' i% {, \; ~
smallP = inv(smallV); 5 t; Y% O5 v- j+ k# O
prevP(i,i) = smallP; ( t: y" g: C) b9 E5 Z+ ^ d7 c
V(:,:,t) = inv(prevP);
! y# c3 j5 S" v1 K1 k9 rend
% U V2 w2 L# m+ A oend
+ A6 x. h1 B" [) ?2 \! `$ h) Floglik = loglik + LL; ; |' G) {" u. V, h* ]% L
end |
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