/ @! z/ R$ G6 V4 s) T0 x & @* k8 h/ q) j- x, @a = 'python' 7 |3 j7 E% s. Wb = "python") I# b- P% ?* P
c = '''python''' - h5 j& c7 M2 o9 u$ F$ vprint(a, id(a))7 _8 a' ]# C4 P, O0 ]
print(b, id(b))& V: o, ~1 K4 _
print(c, id(c)) 2 l) L5 g% v9 _) O- _6 h1 ) P' }6 b' n! y0 X" z$ u3 e D! Q25 \: i" O+ O3 {1 L6 b
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12 " `: y5 S5 K8 }3 W8 p$ `13 ( w k4 }$ y$ {/ |/ P W- q3 L' f/ H9 b% Z 0 F9 g& \' _% h' W' ~5 \7 Z8 O3.字符串驻留机制的几种情况(交互式)6 e. [* |/ z4 E! ]
字符串的长度为1. J4 j7 i0 ]3 B/ z+ \: ^' ]* I
符合标识符的字符串(只包含字母,数字,下划线) 7 s6 h+ c0 d& D B' m+ l字符串只在编译是进行驻留,而非运行时; |" H7 r2 z) r9 o+ E0 N
[-5,256]之间的整数数字7 z. Z% ?! r+ q/ \
>>> s1 = '' * N1 f5 ^5 \4 n: |8 m3 h>>> s2 = ''+ B( y$ p8 J2 u3 G3 J' {; {6 i; I! {
>>> s1 is s2# _' I9 p5 R0 {$ o& _0 `
True + F! w+ E# w8 o( {$ }# q>>> 2 i9 x, o5 f0 L- s$ ^>>> s1 = 'a' 6 l- X! `/ M3 g4 T3 L* _" j- P0 X# D>>> s2 = 'a' / O3 ?8 l/ _2 u9 C3 ~9 ~# L>>> s1 is s2 8 s* U+ T6 W# H) }$ n* P4 ITrue- h) Y5 r, l* ]% T' c7 q0 r7 g
>>>1 J, _3 k' p: I- d7 A5 _8 }
>>> s1 = 'abc_def'3 R# J1 A. c! m c0 i/ ]
>>> s2 = 'abc_def'! X' [' {" V2 l6 g9 y7 K
>>> s1 is s28 n) c; g4 c4 H/ A
True / r8 P ], U2 m5 n4 v! Q6 E3 V>>> s1 = 'abc%def' , q8 B5 q) y* S2 F& r2 `>>> s2 = 'abc%def' $ Q# L% U5 M4 f1 q# e" r>>> s1 == s27 {- @: C1 i+ h1 A* ^
True7 O1 H( ?) @9 x2 I; [! |
>>> s1 is s2 1 s) s- m% N- w" o) e. W `False' {8 c0 a) P8 c
>>> / Q& T: A c5 `5 a>>> a = 256# W* p5 W: `2 f
>>> b = 256 ; E' P2 i! K$ G) w" i>>> a is b' @7 B2 H) [1 E6 B6 B, U
True$ ^. R8 V3 y7 C% O
>>> a = 257 & y4 Q0 m7 J* |8 S; |>>> b = 257. X1 Z2 R/ h/ ?8 d1 a2 M
>>> a is b # i$ t+ U% {/ y: pFalse' q3 K; y0 C' V4 R
>>> a == b& R1 b1 S1 F1 _+ Q
True : }9 Q1 f5 |* m' L>>> ) q9 `% j8 B3 o$ W) I# Z5 z; x2 s! b$ E2 u( ?" m3 |# D6 T6 Q
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2 , U) c- V4 _0 y1 `& I3 Y! n6 K9 j+ b1 R4 & ?3 k! a% L# O! R3 B V. N52 K$ y7 D6 z6 K1 d% Z8 X: l
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32 # d' I A8 Y9 q( D' c- `; Q4.强制2个字符串指向同一个对象& H0 u% r* S9 D
sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象 7 B9 }9 Y# T( ]( P2 M* g0 f! X: s+ S8 E* R' D
'''sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象''' 3 G8 F P. D+ u: R! A+ O% rimport sys : _1 V1 Y' G6 Ia = 'abc%' 2 L3 ~ f8 f4 b) ]# Fb = 'abc%'8 A/ o$ i: K1 Y4 w) P; h# Z* [. O$ F& E
print(a is b) # True ( o2 |' e+ F, x0 _0 c4 }/ Ja = sys.intern(b); _9 ]! r" N8 p, j: ]
print(id(a), id(b)) # 2989905230512 2989905230512 % S) L& y" ?: l& l ( c2 o) {+ F3 K& x* }17 O0 s3 \) E1 p" j3 w/ W3 e3 o
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4 9 N4 s. n( M2 R6 v5 Q5 N( q5 2 i$ p/ d! n- `) h3 ]6 6 A2 ?9 R' L9 [( J" N7 $ r) ]8 I5 r/ W9 e/ L! S& [# A- L7 W8 ' k2 m1 [0 Y( B' j% U4 }6 s5. PyCharm对字符串进行了优化处理 4 ?( y8 M* M2 V, F0 `. Z$ L6.字符串驻留机制的优缺点 - S8 _9 |2 [# l+ Y( z 当需要值相同的字符串时,可以直接从字符串池里拿来使用,避免频繁的创建和销毁,提升效率和节约内存,因此拼接字符串和修改字符串是会比较影响性能的。! e; x7 Y h& g$ N' V2 w1 [% O
: h. J! h( h2 Y( `% I
在需要进行字符串拼接时建议使用 str类型的join方法,而非+ ,因为join()方法是先计算出所有字符中的长度,然后再拷贝,只new一次对象,效率要比"+"效率高 。 - q& T8 k: B# R& E( m0 f9 v( i8 _& y/ [
二、字符串类型的操作- ~2 ~# a4 x4 V; P( w4 }* S
Python类str内置源码:: G" o: e4 l/ A
3 p w" l e. pclass str(object): $ i3 O% i1 k/ p3 d( Q """/ Z( b6 g# |2 I% ?( X
str = "(对象)——> str* S; i+ v3 \, Z( I7 c! c
* r8 R' n% C+ E- n5 G* Z Str (bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> Str : g+ {; ]5 k3 E5 r: ` " Z$ O5 C" G4 d0 Q( k/ [: h
从给定的对象创建一个新的字符串对象。如果编码或,则对象必须公开数据缓冲区 " c) e! {. a# {9 d) S2 j1 s 将使用给定的编码和错误处理程序进行解码。0 \" M! s; @, P9 Q7 o; A! ~9 b5 w
7 {! R+ ^8 [8 V3 Q4 I: E, P
否则,返回object.__str__()的结果(如果已定义)或repr(对象)。2 @7 y. W9 y1 P X5 [
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编码默认为sys.getdefaultencoding()。, \/ Y7 V/ s8 ~, d: x3 V, Y3 m
6 U! G/ U6 @# S' [' s
Errors默认为'strict'。$ L: s4 z1 Y3 {
"""# d7 d; {% Q: x' B0 P! p/ Y) ^
def capitalize(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown$ V6 @2 C, }5 N7 y9 f
""" ( [ Q" @8 ]& l/ C3 L Return a capitalized version of the string. + B4 W ^. D& B x( _ + }8 I; x, H7 d2 A3 f More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower ' G) l- D& l [: C! y/ P case. 9 p+ B. W0 K3 r# p" P% x """ / b+ p; k9 E; v m" e: f pass; y- R9 @ M; P; a2 B. W2 W2 L
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def casefold(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown - R" q6 b1 C! p) y2 `2 [. \ """ Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons. """ 4 Z" Y) ~$ v0 g& p3 x' { pass ) M& w/ D: t9 q5 D4 i! ?+ | + D& i" s' ]3 t+ i N r/ k/ f8 G& W def center(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 1 ~1 F2 U, H. |0 D; L" ^: B; Q """ % Z, M P' E+ @9 b! e 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。: d6 { O0 O# F6 l- w
7 P P1 c6 a; S, ?& s- A/ ]0 q: i 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 1 j. L* ?% u1 }" }; ~" ] """5 T" }7 L6 |8 v
pass ; t8 c6 P" R3 q) q ; z; X8 [0 d2 s" ?. b/ R! ~ def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ ( H2 V) y* l1 `8 P """3 r; j% c9 F! M
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> ( F8 t3 {8 @( {, e9 n , i+ o/ `4 }5 B6 H) t int .count(sub[, start[, end]]返回子字符串sub in不重叠出现的次数, Z0 f! \! d2 @' b7 t
# \0 R* `7 Y5 ^- s% ?. O( {
字符串(开始:结束)。可选参数start和end是用切片表示法解释。 ; t* L: u- u2 ^" o' ~' p """# c# B7 Y1 z, G6 ~7 i
return 00 b, }" l) p9 d
4 V8 |, c- h [- d! m def encode(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 p7 q5 T( r" w: {
"""3 t F+ L1 U& Y$ b
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.8 s' {. w" k$ i6 |& _" I5 I) M" k
0 s& A6 e3 f* S9 j encoding0 n! v: A" d8 K! o- c7 ]6 ?* U, i( z: y
The encoding in which to encode the string.% S* h c; e3 Z N$ d. n, _# a
errors 1 X( j! k4 t8 }: E The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. # w5 ?& e/ o8 P& v The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a ! B" n: I V% t, a- { UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and % A" `3 G- c" A$ D4 x6 C 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with6 e4 w, x& s R; A& A8 b# q: x$ K) Q
codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. : |# ^2 _* E! G4 h6 ^$ z7 b; G+ W % g' g$ e" C* T3 L) B: \" H 使用注册用于编码的编解码器对字符串进行编码。 : v9 [, N) j! I5 v) {. M+ n/ H& A" v: ~% ?& T2 @
编码/ X1 L2 ~# s' \: E: h9 A) ~
用于编码字符串的编码方式。 + t, J! `7 c5 I6 H. | 错误 4 }6 j c8 N& u; E ?+ Y z 用于编码错误的错误处理方案。 8 N6 \1 A9 ~% H5 X T) J 默认值是'strict',意味着编码错误会引发UnicodeEncodeError。 ; I9 n# ~4 z7 y; p8 |& ^7 X$ U0 W 其他可能的值有'ignore', 'replace'和'xmlcharrefreplace'以及注册的任何其他名称编解码器。$ |& M' g1 t1 o( S' r
可以处理UnicodeEncodeErrors的register_error。 + m1 \+ c' }( U$ a$ E """- C z, A2 @$ Z8 K9 ^ j! R3 r
pass8 u6 O. x* U6 `8 V
2 Y8 } t D0 O def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 6 h: c' i: j; M$ ?# L* h' X9 \" y# P( a """ 8 b; a5 I: u7 _" W: B: y. E, W- _ S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool 5 g. V* `8 E5 Q& _ w) C4 D, q% Z" n! Q- G) m- Q1 u
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.8 k0 _" A M4 Q) h0 K
With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 9 ~0 }9 E: I) w. \1 U" y With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. $ O3 l1 F, F" M! y suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.8 o V" T5 D: r
"""' t+ b0 N/ p6 T- F4 H5 X) `; ]
return False / [: O5 n8 Q8 V a0 H6 h1 ]4 Y6 _7 f# x) R0 F
def expandtabs(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) {" Y! V5 ~+ L( b """" W: f, C3 L5 F2 I# j6 Y- e
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces./ _% y; G& ~+ O2 n
) f7 P1 I, s7 F If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. 7 J$ g# }/ H, W- E6 {% A """ 8 y; Y! E0 l% r; [) L pass / f- S/ j( P/ ^: w, { j4 X 5 r& n- c2 b+ R S1 h def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__' c, B# s+ G6 L6 r- i
""" K$ d3 W8 y& L) n- m& h& {
S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int. d8 F4 S' c- @ K
+ r g' q3 k) w) U) C& z$ ~2 ^
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,8 ^% I& ]+ n$ b; D( K) K( F* U
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional ( O! E$ C# q' G/ p6 N arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.. O5 N1 V/ e) f5 _7 ^( A. `0 c* e% Y" y
8 q, K8 s4 L( y+ B, I1 D0 `5 a( A/ n' l
Return -1 on failure. 4 C8 l" O6 i8 n; P3 z8 o2 f: C+ p2 z! b3 x5 D, {+ v
S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int& H2 J7 ^, C3 o- g/ W
% R! }3 \4 `5 k9 r: T 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。 1 j2 R* k7 ~4 ]6 O 可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。' F7 r! Y* p5 o- |! U4 V
: n" @9 o3 t3 T e 失败时返回-1。 , T, z7 }5 |; X# o0 Y+ X8 b& s6 d. c. q, u& q) \0 ]
"""0 v0 D# S& V# d
return 0 . i# C3 V1 v6 ^/ E, K' x( i * x; D* L0 N I def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format9 h3 D* V. I( D8 }* t& T, e0 h
"""( y( i" t, Q+ L% c1 ~6 c J. R- B( n
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str / c8 G6 m2 ~ i, g* ]& T7 B9 b' Q. p2 q) p u
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. 6 ~9 x5 l2 r, T. ` The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). 5 m& ]* C/ u; u 6 {6 D( m/ z/ ]2 v5 g3 u C" L& X. ` S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str 7 c2 \! Y8 w; w4 X 9 c3 d1 w# E) X' n 使用args和kwargs的替换,返回S的格式化版本。( }8 D$ o, f" `3 a6 O \, E- ~' l
替换由大括号('{'和'}')标识。% _& t* x1 A1 S# a1 s# f" w
"""* p* D; I! Q( h; Z, F/ L
pass : W7 X2 C. X9 I s. ` * B* F I# _9 r8 Q8 [' x def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 1 d, [) U' K' I% A4 T, m5 n """ , ~4 K6 l4 V; D9 y& V7 o% A S.format_map(mapping) -> str 5 F: Z5 L, Y( O6 ~ ! O# l" F) _+ {" R4 s: d Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping./ m" ]4 m/ f/ w6 |( i' ?
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').. J. x( N5 L V, i+ W
"""4 f" Y; P* l, V; c3 f
return "" ' P6 A1 _( s& ]5 W- R O( k+ w& \0 p2 l
def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__/ A) _; t& I t+ x* y
""" * |5 ~% T/ ]2 h. [! g4 h8 r S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int ( n2 q$ i$ j' m: P$ q ' O9 L y; A' t8 }7 h5 y Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,- f: u- N' b! o$ l% g
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional+ A# [6 j3 ?9 f# V3 j! H
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.+ V6 N7 ?5 y& c
/ v5 a$ v+ e/ _; l+ J8 Y Raises ValueError when the substring is not found. 3 X' _' d6 f% N6 x7 q5 u) q3 T% f- Y( {* i" u) }$ Z6 l4 O% _
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int : L) @ C' J- e) ` S7 o) o5 k .index(sub[, start[, end]]( u ?- j% F3 O9 r! y0 s* S
7 E, }" J0 U$ i, i2 X7 T
返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。; Z1 p1 J6 C1 u! L. S( Q6 ^1 z
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。 - q$ J% ?7 x( F# X* T7 p% I$ x 1 z$ ^ Q0 s8 X7 Z$ p/ } 当没有找到子字符串时引发ValueError。+ x$ z/ [- M0 e5 ?( Y3 B" H5 ~2 i
"""2 @: a6 f# s' b" s* o
return 0* K- p* j! U( O
: v4 O" p5 F# |: n3 \( W( p
def isalnum(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( \! ]8 x5 u* t4 I
"""! u/ ^& B. a I, M& p
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.+ b) y8 Z! ? {+ H) y" X* I
( S) M% ?& m4 k- b/ V, M9 z) C A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and " m4 r1 k0 y" w* x9 t there is at least one character in the string. 3 Y% i: v5 `( o" i8 l """7 x+ i6 p0 z9 B( _8 H
pass 8 S( [# t/ @ Y7 t" R; [9 p . C1 i) k8 V1 B def isalpha(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown% F/ W( {# a( N( V9 f
""" ' f+ O, q/ i. f+ L7 ?7 Y7 {3 ~5 L Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.. r& P5 O" Z. o* v. R: ^
/ k9 s2 p7 ?6 j4 F6 i+ M
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there " t Q) V) l, {' x, d" w is at least one character in the string.9 p# c& _& A: t+ G/ W
""" 1 J5 J- j# y, x( Y6 w pass. f4 G/ ~7 F: Y7 e1 q& z( P
$ k' F6 X/ |/ r; x) j* S def isascii(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown R2 ~1 K& c# z
""": {- A- i8 Z% z
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise. 3 b* l2 w( C: E r% a5 B3 v, S 0 u+ }, R# h" [ ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. ) S/ ~6 t3 i0 n8 H; m: l: u Empty string is ASCII too. + c& Y0 t, }: h k """ % g3 p) t6 {' w7 d0 j$ d2 Y9 n pass ( E: R. ^) i9 @( h$ k, Z0 T p/ L3 I: a' K" m
def isdecimal(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown& W8 d# N: p* D1 K R
""" 6 h7 |/ U* b! C) s/ ]' D Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.8 I+ ^- m7 Y. x' T/ H' y3 p1 E& R
" ^- w& l! ?( _. U0 ?
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and 7 z' W: E9 H. `# D! }( C there is at least one character in the string.& y- J: ?# F H# t/ t4 B
""", C) X9 H8 H& I. K' v
pass7 _, \1 X! o9 Z: H$ _+ L9 J
# L8 @* a0 f7 b7 I* [
def isdigit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 z) D, ~+ U q. l4 q p3 Z( T9 {. d """ 3 D( e8 A( L6 O8 G, c) n3 Z! e Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise. # c$ y; l3 T( K: e6 _* M8 W9 g4 q 6 \" ~6 v- E( r4 t# {- W3 B8 p A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there U! U2 r/ a8 g. ]$ V4 ` is at least one character in the string. $ s2 F v: p! a8 L8 t8 n) w! D """3 y; S/ Z% v3 i( M' m" |2 j9 E5 x
pass8 l9 K$ y: n) T* ?8 W+ ~
/ e, i2 M% P3 v% v5 @ w def isidentifier(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 Q" j6 _! p1 }. Q7 Z """ 5 Y* d: J1 Q& E$ g/ n2 f% D" z' i Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise. 2 d* {! [8 ]/ l: E* H7 b; \# G; B; h7 u
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier,$ E2 }$ ?4 E; @- \2 U
such as "def" or "class". " i, y8 G6 F/ R """ 6 l* x, P1 R% P, N1 S& n pass # D6 L" v# E' x& z" l, E3 S! {8 `- @$ V4 R! p& U- c- m6 d8 e
def islower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; J, J0 i6 y- J
"""5 \! o% N3 O8 Y! \ Y. R/ G$ D; N
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.' K. M4 w0 g6 Q, |) Q* v5 {. j5 N
" R. E) }; y) n+ {8 x0 c
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and; A; Y2 t; W6 s* Y Z
there is at least one cased character in the string. 3 F% i4 R# y2 _) j# q """ % ^3 M- i5 z% g& _; o% \ v pass : m5 a- x6 ` o4 o$ I( [, J/ A% C4 |/ U* W. w3 z5 K1 q
def isnumeric(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown2 M6 J/ V, ^" O0 R
"""5 y* t3 z: f8 x! b L
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise. $ K, @$ f) _; U% X1 s; V5 [/ q( [5 A U8 M
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at0 \1 Q/ W# t7 l& P$ e
least one character in the string. ) q5 f" a8 h5 L& M1 k """6 o8 O. W4 G2 {3 ~, A* S) y% Y1 _
pass ; V" y g, b/ z$ D& c& X; i! Z6 A r9 t j1 i& V% C- D& O
def isprintable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown " v9 [' t+ i* R3 D """3 F$ \( x& n1 L. E4 d9 `
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise. 5 |: s. p; Z3 |% |* _7 _, }8 H y2 d: @8 \: ]+ C
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in( U) i2 [: t! j8 p2 ?( h! [& |3 y
repr() or if it is empty. 6 O3 `* t: \! i) W: u """ 0 @: T5 a, D6 | d1 f pass 0 S/ X! e& B) c0 t* a3 ]* r) [+ a& I# |" K* f; U& d; q
def isspace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown " R8 P- i! q) z5 t """ % @1 P1 v; h% g# w) O9 Z Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.% I8 \( N0 O) A ]/ ?& p% k
: R% S& O& y; M% T4 ^& P A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there, y# Q: ~9 n0 G, e( G
is at least one character in the string.- S6 _2 H. ]" D+ Q5 n
""", K/ V6 {, v& F9 a; K
pass E: b+ L' [/ Y, p 6 F- s2 f$ q4 |; T" ]3 N# f def istitle(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 V" w! W0 y/ r* ~$ p: k: o C% K
""" + ~" o3 p) D5 l5 k# A9 B6 L Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.! Q3 y" g8 ~( s
! p5 B T; N. T$ b3 g. N) o
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only 7 z8 b( Q: M0 \% H) T follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. 6 r- K4 X: ?! X( C """" M, z6 R. F8 k8 B
pass% I0 A6 R/ M1 t1 t5 n. I5 x0 \2 f
+ }- l$ Y- s4 i9 r+ l& T" e" h" G$ S& X' F def isupper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown f" r ~( p1 [0 Z0 N6 O8 T9 g
""" 0 C2 h: |6 m1 X. `2 Y Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise. 3 B/ R. H; F0 z, b1 w* M ; [3 t% u6 y6 g: j A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and ( P' t: k% M7 t% ] there is at least one cased character in the string.# m F; d3 E4 V w' l. ]# j% p
"""# f R6 J4 e% a+ e$ U
pass4 j( n8 d) G- y) n) Y
/ u3 U. c2 E2 g- g2 L( i& Q def join(self, ab=None, pq=None, rs=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__1 G! q' D7 c8 Y- x' ~! b
"""& l9 f6 t8 f$ I
Concatenate any number of strings. 4 Y1 b$ [6 j2 E4 v9 w! ^# E' @' i . C% h6 R* @6 @* w$ W The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string.5 S! n) z. X& G+ }8 U$ T
The result is returned as a new string. - W4 R' B7 q, ~; i6 P8 d6 j) k4 }: v4 b, B
Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs' / x9 u1 s, Z( M& i 9 Z" G' l4 t9 m* e4 F0 M. ~& l- A8 t 连接任意数量的字符串。 5 }& c: o, u9 i) q% S$ G$ c* l4 L3 I" d7 p+ q2 r
调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。: \3 N" ^9 Z3 Y+ i
结果以新字符串的形式返回。4 o ^, u! Y5 [) M6 |
5 t! U, G& a! [3 w- M
例如:“。”。Join (['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs' $ y [3 T, g7 R& q """, b h" ~. {! @3 j& ]- L
pass0 |6 c) l( t0 H& x5 t- W9 @
) e7 m3 G7 U7 Z def ljust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown D3 D9 X o, O/ E+ C: w; ? """' J7 ~' B' \ g7 g* z" o v& `
Return a left-justified string of length width.+ ~: K! s3 v* y g& G/ G2 _. @
4 x7 \3 X8 n9 b' j, | z7 i2 u3 p y Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). ) |6 y; D0 `$ K9 W& m. K " K: [& b9 j5 P6 f3 Q 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。: [ H ^9 v; ^: Z% V% P3 h
' P1 k) Z3 ^1 z r/ K 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。0 b' q' i* o, b5 Z# R9 f
"""7 O/ O5 A7 r7 J: O0 ` p
pass+ ^, @" c+ y9 ^
3 h6 K" X5 L! j: p' ? k
def lower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 l* _! a+ s/ B; ]- q% h* _$ g: q """ Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase. 5 o8 j3 ?3 ?6 E 返回转换为小写的字符串副本。"""$ Z$ N1 G5 F5 m4 n2 G( a
pass' T' z8 _3 E' z# l: D
' E T4 K: k a0 l' ` O A
def lstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( e2 Y6 S y: w1 b8 k; w! X$ J
""" ; s2 d$ U& ?3 q7 Z Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed. 0 I) Q/ f- M0 b, E* |2 H. |1 i) N$ ~& p4 I$ u8 u" `) g( L" d
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.- H) C# m2 h) |6 h3 P0 |
6 N8 J5 i1 I |- b 返回删除前导空格的字符串副本。! M! `7 i9 J8 g: w0 t8 c, R
9 z1 q) @4 n+ C 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。3 a' M( C) M8 H/ P3 T k8 W
"""# T% A4 P$ v- _% J' j1 v* @0 n
pass5 x' Q" M1 @7 H; S1 \4 ]" }2 K
- V4 Q0 o. h& S: ~7 S2 c def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown+ x1 \/ {( j' N% R0 E
"""4 R' g! i1 s; r# R7 Z. t, V
Return a translation table usable for str.translate()., s4 T+ J5 a' m
9 c5 H" O' y+ C d8 N e If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode 8 ] V5 r3 u. A( H) [, o0 `( D ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. 7 |& K- X: T) \2 X! N Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.* M% j9 w% |% w' z
If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and( ?8 a8 Q- m$ w# P. J9 ~
in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the1 b) Z1 A9 |- Q, M; ]
character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it+ W v5 z; Y& L7 H. |/ |
must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result. " U& D. p3 f4 w ?* P: u """ - T- F7 X) w( C0 g. f, { pass 0 c1 e2 I8 i( b; ?% N$ F9 \! q2 j- e& e5 }0 Z/ O$ s/ ^# E
def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) A3 h, Z( m) R, S5 X9 W """ 5 B4 A: {6 Q$ S7 E( O- l Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. / O8 @& @$ Z8 l' n; D2 Y6 z' s, L: i
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found,0 I" U. S% Q. K
returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator 0 ]6 _7 ]8 g' k7 \( D; J itself, and the part after it.0 I# n: \# \. ?- q. P6 l5 F# g
- _; u: Y% j; D: y, X
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string4 ~( ~8 @5 J% Y
and two empty strings.) G( Z; @2 r* z7 P8 n# S8 V+ Q
"""7 `( |5 Y: i t, D1 R
pass1 n! v" O' G8 W# ?3 c) ^& p7 s
4 H m5 j/ E9 j& ^7 R& D0 H$ |3 A$ q def replace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown+ Z' y7 P( u& k) W' w. Y
""" - z5 d; c! [4 d6 ^. f# [9 N Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. " X/ T7 k: h! E; l. @: L7 ]' m' ~
count. u# X# \' T/ o2 p1 J4 ?
Maximum number of occurrences to replace." `( N7 H, Y) b
-1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.4 w5 v2 [& u, Q6 x" T9 m" N
! {- T( Z+ y. o' U
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are4 l/ I( W! w( k! o
replaced.; A1 F. @2 D( m8 `8 c0 L
3 }" Q% r$ }0 F: |/ N4 p 返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。+ Q( B4 S, M: B* ~* J e' Q
! q4 ]9 a5 f" G+ L1 j# y 数% c; |7 i8 Y% x! c% c% a. n
替换的最大次数。 P0 Y, X) I$ v
-1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。 % m. R& D6 r! \ 2 N" [( o( K' b
如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。' s6 J" x& {" F; w$ C; J
"""4 k1 E* g3 H: O5 s% O. q
pass/ n6 B) O, J( S1 u0 M" X
" h- P/ i5 \ ~) x+ K, X" `! @
def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__* u- z; E* [( z
""" 2 i7 I- K. S7 K2 W7 A: ^ S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 8 ~. @# `& e( \: ?/ o; F 6 |4 ?5 P8 l; i$ K Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, 8 \2 F( `5 C5 O. q# C such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 8 B( f9 p$ S' s$ X* Q' q) K3 ] arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 8 S. N3 m* X0 p( e. ?6 r; R1 c' G# \* f+ U$ ^. I
Return -1 on failure.0 L% h* t# K2 C7 w+ ~# Q
""" ; W! {# p- M% Z, S! L4 t: f7 I return 0 2 _* [# A; E4 Z' F' h) b& @) d+ q( X- l" a, K( l; ]- \+ `
def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 9 R1 a. {; V( T+ Y) o' [- X """ 5 f: R2 @: k# B$ J7 w$ I S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int + o. L9 |7 l5 a, U& ^; X/ ]% Q9 `8 n$ \: U* D& n4 s: K1 q, s
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,! ^$ {4 I! c: E. Z# T. e
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional h* G1 u, D3 ]! H% s( L arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.: g8 |0 a- C9 F9 S3 r9 K$ G
9 T' A7 Y; r& f) t6 r Raises ValueError when the substring is not found. 1 [4 {1 V! w2 t, o' |- h1 F0 E' o7 `, J$ F """ 0 Z* {2 F0 n. F9 j, \! s return 0 4 y; ?: G1 @8 w6 [& a( r' |( { , `$ j& J* C" n0 e3 ~& _ def rjust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown U) y# \' @) L. r7 p
""" 7 u2 y- R6 L" _ n# C Return a right-justified string of length width.! B) ~5 o2 z6 A! q% d
6 V2 F# r. Z6 {% f: s, O Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). " v V7 E( E" \" s7 |8 m. O d4 N7 A+ h9 O
返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。 7 T, O0 B4 p3 @, z# [. [7 Q# X9 V. b2 b; t. b, G6 p
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 4 X* k% j5 R% \4 I8 u' X/ G# o! p! \ """ 8 }9 H# J3 K, ~! p' b! d) c pass: W' q: Y+ @/ }. u x
1 [: _' L+ b% Z! A9 V e8 y
def rpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown# F& P8 T* Q, W/ m# I
"""" E" @" c- y& {5 y) `
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. , C% n6 q6 p: L8 i% F- g7 \4 j; }5 g G6 N0 x/ F- f; S5 j
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If " Q% w; T% l6 W" l8 a8 V/ ?* ?% } the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the ) V0 M+ u& c* [3 ?; V7 u" r( d separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.) L7 ~- ]# F P' C/ c1 J+ b# p; O5 b$ I
5 R2 C2 i# v4 j1 b, n If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings- u% q) g0 c9 Y
and the original string. : f2 g& q2 b& @7 t; D """0 C+ o& v1 h \* b
pass & \: P( c" Z- |' r; W# ~" H }; c/ B% I
def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown - P$ A6 J k ?6 M$ q6 A+ | """2 z. L; D, D/ l1 ~$ K
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. 0 \& |' X/ _% `% F) m8 ]/ Z; C; o5 n& f% L; E+ Z
sep * [5 C" }/ Y7 \! I7 t$ I The delimiter according which to split the string. 1 h* l: w1 r( D4 z2 U None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace,9 m% S6 D$ i6 p
and discard empty strings from the result. + P, Q7 g4 m# L/ W maxsplit + L, w$ I5 p$ ~+ C8 m1 w Maximum number of splits to do. 6 H- M. c, N' J -1 (the default value) means no limit.5 `7 u5 d2 F A( n* I1 P# Z K
9 F, o+ c+ \/ Q% E Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.; X- J3 ?) p/ c; u$ L. Z
7 s Q1 W* L2 g
返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。 3 O! ]. m( m6 Y& Y3 u sep 4 x* A( r9 F# l6 ~ 用来分割字符串的分隔符。& g k2 x8 m9 W7 ^ _" x6 Q
None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。 ; {+ X! `3 v+ v7 ~: I9 P5 Y" _. F 5 m# A' V" @8 e. D8 [+ @
maxsplit 0 E5 C, s: h- i! P$ q7 I0 L 最大分割次数。$ R* K3 ]2 d7 D& j" I$ k
-1(默认值)表示无限制。4 F9 o7 R1 i/ X
. G; k' |* w- h
劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。 & h3 s9 Z8 w( |$ p+ y" ~ """. _( f; ?( \2 \; }: k
pass" A: Y" f9 l& l7 z" u v3 F
2 R8 f- j0 R: r9 c def rstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, T) R/ h- S) e1 [ W) |9 X0 Z
""" 3 J+ @" B2 {5 V: E: x Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed. - i2 r( X( i/ I! `9 \& j6 S4 [" `; \8 l3 X, N" h0 n' m8 Y
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 8 g0 u1 Q& G$ ~3 h9 t: i; x2 j$ m7 p. b5 N/ i4 z; R) T
返回字符串的副本,删除尾随空格。 , @3 R) D( W) f. o/ }1 ^3 s( R3 j 7 \2 K" h+ A0 y4 j! j( g8 D 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。3 p0 x Z4 k& _& J$ @! ?0 H
"""0 c% P+ `( r* J* w4 b2 K
pass8 O3 q5 Q4 w+ F8 k% w( q! ?" }4 L
" A7 n6 G5 T5 y& C2 S def split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown / v* r3 @- q$ V: k* }3 s2 ~ """ ( Q/ \' {8 D' U; D2 }$ \ Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. ' a' v) B, D" G9 k3 w( @' t. Z5 m* s1 Y, d. \/ H3 u
sep * @% A0 v) z/ Z' M0 M+ e The delimiter according which to split the string. $ J. Q/ G$ e: K7 k$ j2 k& C5 x* I None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace,. p" M: w; {+ P, y! l( f/ v9 t
and discard empty strings from the result.! j; O$ {9 ?' L6 v
maxsplit 9 k1 ^2 {: f4 [& q& r- K( f% [ Maximum number of splits to do.: ^; d/ T9 x0 i2 w
-1 (the default value) means no limit.4 x! M5 G# k! c3 c1 z, g. N
""") j! c3 o t: F& t
pass. C0 T k' f# n; s+ F
& x' S+ U( |+ z+ W def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown+ ~: R$ M5 \* i
""" . e! m( [! {& a$ v Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries. 5 q `- Z E5 t( y/ ] 9 R! D! s" l$ I/ @' _$ d8 N Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and* c) m* t5 W& [3 T' I+ Q" @$ I( ]5 b
true.9 q$ b4 V4 I1 @0 F3 K* H9 I
"""+ A0 S" o- }) A( X" b
pass 2 L9 _) x' r4 j' V- x2 R( `9 g, X- ?# w
def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__; g4 T6 l" X Z" L! h% G: y
""" ' K, B' d. N& i n* I' I! D S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool 7 K' s; f" A1 h0 O p0 x# N ; a! Q% V2 X8 w9 P: b6 y* D Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.% T4 C6 ?0 _' m$ u. Y0 v8 g
With optional start, test S beginning at that position., s/ V# ~, p& }: f3 O
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.* v l" V$ N. ^
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. % j4 M' }0 \- T# v, M% x) N7 f: J """ ' [+ g: Q% k7 W) { return False 8 b, m# ?' x) e+ {1 y' b$ o! y3 }) p6 P! P
def strip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' z' E5 n2 j" z6 a1 o$ c6 [ """6 _; D& h9 m" `7 S% P+ N
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed. : n% ? r" i q) L6 e$ X" L$ s- ~: Q) [! c
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead." X/ L( v6 J* l( w1 R
2 V1 \) c) t/ N4 ~4 W& f+ T
返回删除前导和尾随空格的字符串副本。 ( T. {5 `+ s6 W! u+ }6 b# @6 _7 ?
如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。/ O( p' Y! V& S0 D0 W1 H
""" 9 G4 D: Q; c4 [+ z# l pass: X$ p3 w" m' h/ p: G
* f2 C& t7 v5 e; H8 _% m4 x def swapcase(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) B3 |1 M0 B( ]% h# \ """ Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase. """# o9 o" ]5 e) o: {1 q) I
pass $ |( E9 A6 {8 S: Y2 n: j0 I' |! i" I9 D( v
def title(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : W- P. Z) a( V+ g """ " e" m3 b, X# p Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased. ( a, z" L8 X) }& h 7 d5 I/ T& Q- ]9 X$ b More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining 1 ?) ~% @% `0 i# w8 G: T cased characters have lower case. : H6 N0 }: T0 E0 Q """: A0 v& `. J. C4 w% w+ Z: N9 y" t
pass : M$ r. D( U( r/ @6 @ _6 }- y9 ?7 H- g- z, b* J% T' F2 [) c. T, A
def translate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 z% F: _ n. \& d! r2 t* m/ C: @- ^
"""8 i" X, u$ l# s# ]) k% |
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.! l8 j& G. D$ W. t* u% `- g
7 T( A& W3 A7 { s( [" } table! t4 Q9 [) L% P
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to , \) V" r0 i9 l" ] J Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. 3 \; E% S" U0 ?- a4 P: q, u8 }6 }! _! c. F) s0 M
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a S5 f% p; T" {- k* [ dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is+ R& Q: v, `9 F5 B
left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted. , [4 O/ g0 X$ j( }/ w* F8 i """& ]6 q1 F- N6 }$ U
pass f: x+ a7 T, W- w, A; x+ K# b4 R( ~/ A
def upper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" @6 S0 h0 e6 R
""" Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase. """ ) n0 q$ L4 Q3 K3 I4 z. l pass . h: u; o0 W1 ~( | ; i' x9 i0 r! M0 \- v def zfill(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . p7 E2 {! k( p1 {2 I9 U """% k2 Z& f/ U! w/ X. w `
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. ! X6 K% Z& E* q+ h$ T" `* S! w2 Y# R0 h& p3 A# H# @! D
The string is never truncated.# N4 b, e1 X; v' `8 u
""" 1 c' N1 s9 P1 u$ D: e, e9 R pass6 A' \6 ^" J! a8 o/ A+ e4 a
# ]/ T' S' b) I/ t0 e
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; f f! M+ j& k5 v* w
""" Return self+value. """7 ~5 \& @( M- p* B! S+ ~% j6 Q
pass. \. { ^5 X0 P$ v2 d
- K6 t3 \) S/ ?' p+ R5 Q def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown + n) U( i: G( v. e3 b7 D. n """ Return key in self. """0 S! D% O" D& @# v4 I
pass 8 N C, U/ M8 |4 g2 _5 Q. u- J1 K i* c- E- o8 H
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! M" P# k! G8 l( Q9 Y" C4 N. l+ _$ T """ Return self==value. """ , k% m/ N+ |- D' l pass2 ?5 C$ `, S! k, C: f
& F. A1 ?; ^) \7 r. v% J0 S
def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 O. T; ?5 j1 y' N
""" Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec. """ r0 i) v1 A6 O) Q: T pass& T, j9 H+ R/ m9 [" d
z+ E; N3 V2 M; _" G) A def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : p2 M0 c& e; t U* d """ Return getattr(self, name). """ 0 N) \3 T- l* B pass8 V8 [ o8 ^9 s" w6 a+ @! r
Q. T( l$ T9 B) t" h% Q# @
def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 5 i5 a) F, p7 [" b """ Return self[key]. """ + p) y& l4 Q% H6 G4 `* d pass4 k# v" }! D$ T" h3 V Z
: i+ b) f6 z, J7 D+ w9 D
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown x6 C6 E* i5 A! x4 V
pass3 ^1 I' q7 O( p& [3 v
6 c, [! f% R' E* Y8 X# |* b
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown: y! d6 {) x ?2 i/ Y0 C
""" Return self>=value. """ 3 G; V5 w6 T, M& R pass, Y7 b: R- L$ j8 n- M
& b6 l/ ]$ ^% w5 l+ t def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 @& m7 D9 {! b( ?% c """ Return self>value. """4 E9 `) D: v- M/ g/ k3 k
pass+ t4 k; d' R$ k/ Z8 G" ]
) O0 G ?$ f6 W3 d
def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown7 D! k6 [0 P4 s
""" Return hash(self). """" K7 L: h. F$ j
pass0 ~/ x9 p1 }) [! G) M/ M* _2 A: {# H
. y) h0 C! I! w b4 w O& Y* n def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__# F7 n, O. |0 {) s: c9 Y9 N. a. O
""" 1 y3 E2 W, C1 H# c$ J str(object='') -> str : l& W C9 R8 Q; r9 m+ I str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str1 M5 ^- q. m. @% g l- v6 a
* u! O: j) n4 H+ q7 F2 [ e
Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or 0 v4 O( A) x" q3 V& G! V, U$ D& R1 V errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer* e, a# O2 p: P9 ]# X! h6 R( S6 P
that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. 0 U) q1 i2 n3 {: d8 y Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) ! n$ t- Y8 Z7 J- {; F5 a or repr(object). ) ~3 ]6 v' y# ^- e$ T3 \5 c encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). 0 K* V) M6 ^2 I4 M8 J errors defaults to 'strict'. 5 g* M' B# d& v/ h # (copied from class doc)! T$ w. |3 v/ D$ H
"""" S- m6 h9 S6 |0 X3 \5 E- R' q% r
pass + g) ^ |: _9 u3 X 2 Y, ~9 W0 p+ i, @5 s+ e def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 n' Y, c: D6 G/ \! P) [/ A
""" Implement iter(self). """ 1 j: S8 N/ m, n/ C1 L4 o pass6 i; |9 y( `+ _
/ g: }) W1 C) g1 G) I7 Q5 R9 `
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown' `) P/ b+ s1 X+ W7 r# U, k
""" Return len(self). """+ ?- O0 d: c' ]0 r* w/ @7 V
pass ! s) ~: B* T+ g0 ]1 p! Y) J) Y7 r2 W. r! x. s3 D2 M+ v
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 L' O0 M! p- ]! ^5 ^. [6 |9 T" F """ Return self<=value. """+ |$ K' c; w1 g3 I$ l1 G
pass 2 ^: `; P9 \( Y0 M& i/ T, d" i' h6 l
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown3 c$ F8 t0 X- T: K. r
""" Return self<value. """ " D, q$ O: ~- t$ c pass$ u: K; ]9 B. B4 B) R" Z3 f
3 I1 n. i7 D% b. U" E
def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown # \! B' ^' A- {4 S6 V2 ~ """ Return self%value. """ 6 _4 F* E5 D; }- z% ~4 @ pass, ]. K, p9 u) k ?4 n( X2 x
1 N! f6 }+ q6 D# |2 M def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown) ~: K6 h% u1 `8 Q0 F, E
""" Return self*value. """3 J" Z# c5 G9 T
pass 0 x8 K, X! B, L3 A' V) @ u6 {( p, b; ]) l, u8 M4 S
@staticmethod # known case of __new__ 1 N0 J5 }7 Q: o: a% V' E, p def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , c- z3 p L1 ~; j+ d; m8 w2 g """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """ 9 `3 B+ b0 ?. R2 F pass* R9 @% W/ F) U; a# U( e- a; S
' H% `: P# m4 ]7 K( K/ H
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown! q$ |: I1 B* B9 @
""" Return self!=value. """" o* B8 b9 x2 \7 I$ }; [4 `, X5 g
pass ) L# j8 g- _* S) X% s* j( i0 T) L( R/ C7 q9 B( q* K5 T1 i6 w3 X" o
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown% \: s4 R0 E* D7 x2 o' }+ _
""" Return repr(self). """5 L0 E7 }( h4 z* \- X
pass9 d& Y0 l4 h% R
% d; p* J& M3 Z( e def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" @. ?) E- f) L* _
""" Return value%self. """ 9 H& D$ |2 ]" w7 i, m, z pass 7 s! M" b. ^" V. s s L" [1 p$ j- d% v/ I
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( J* L3 I( p5 S1 W- s- [
""" Return value*self. """. j2 F! k- D# F h$ l' |
pass 7 a: ?& E, x+ |! Q, R% A : o+ Z) j: Y& x% p: {- ~8 p def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown/ Q5 y7 X: y' w4 Z4 _/ P1 X1 ~
""" Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes. """ + W; H# U7 @$ | d$ z4 f1 h& K pass% @# V; c4 u1 D4 O
4 v( |9 [# Y' Q7 ]4 w* o
def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown + s1 i- @; |9 G: \# V' U5 c4 |9 r """ Return str(self). """ ' C! q2 g5 j; _& @( D& w4 D pass: ?. H8 c5 I' e q
' Y6 {/ Z1 K" K4 P4 w# k; a" h% b13 X2 v$ |1 v0 U# N8 I! [2 N
2# O) K7 K; G* }% I6 j- a
3% A9 @: f4 F1 L( K1 N
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85 n& U* o. g, k0 [$ S+ U* l- v
9 7 Q! k$ l0 h2 p' h/ V10/ K M; R9 ~5 [" ~6 p# a7 I
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13. a* Z* o9 ^. p; B& {
14 ( e, Q( Q% X* r8 o b& v15 7 V# M* `$ w: V; C, ]" d16 - s4 k' d/ c! M, R: G6 K8 z& V* v17 1 L; \' X, K a3 P5 J7 i3 w183 @4 I6 F% G% [# G
193 R( @1 K3 v0 u0 u( W# |
206 Z) S& Z0 R- `$ R' D
21 . X" U% R) _3 A5 y22 % P1 a4 o: p7 k2 v23 4 H. P6 r6 s- \# n* Y" f24+ E/ B S8 }- r9 O. [
25 X( j- W! F! |' S7 m1 o K. y) f
26 + a% F9 R" E8 G, S27 , I& W; m- Q, Y( [- Q8 R# E3 B28% b- _! L6 y- Y6 y; d
295 J+ G0 E, l8 N+ P3 z
30 k1 Q9 k e5 x1 j
31' @* Z/ x3 v0 d, L( N/ l. g
32! k2 [: u1 S. d0 U! u% v C- B. k
33) a- I. g0 r. ^' |7 W7 @
34 % l0 r1 N V+ `9 G3 m @35 + Z3 ] B8 g* W36 6 }: S6 K' H2 \' b9 ~8 r37 7 p: ]% |+ ^; w. d9 T38- F: @8 D8 n% b
39& P& P8 W3 a/ r2 t$ W( Q' z) h
40' r D$ s( d- b9 G( G2 |
41, r9 {1 k2 m2 c9 L. n! d3 E
42" ?8 c2 {7 H, G& V- V+ ^
437 S: u. O5 V/ e" b$ E$ L
441 P# }3 h3 w$ v: i3 g3 a
45' y% |$ t( ^" V3 _# B. L$ r' w
46 , @3 K; Y3 l6 I; J" K: q47 . h7 G0 o3 ~# V; b" L7 S48$ }) \* _7 z# A& A L+ N8 g1 T& n8 o
495 r4 R, c) t7 g& j
507 a( R' m4 o. x4 J* z# x/ k
51 3 Y! l5 r1 R% L7 v1 r& v: H52 8 R2 J7 Y5 [5 s536 b8 _% |& Q4 I7 k; t+ b7 D& U) f
542 K! m S& \4 u' ?
55 y+ p B1 S# k- w. w+ Y) G56 ( R- r5 S+ t- \1 x9 R57( M( N2 H" E- w- r7 k5 x2 g; L; n$ z
58 6 A, h( p; q( P9 r7 ?599 ~2 X+ o, f# Q
60: N2 M. o6 q5 l$ a8 A
61 5 t8 X' P+ U1 @) m* t" B; u62- t+ ~" V9 o, |- d9 O9 Y) j5 |! y3 {
63: [3 t! m! n6 i- Q6 I
64 Y, @# ~7 W" A- Q; q8 {65 q* Y9 y$ I* k, S% a666 e/ H6 C5 \/ _, _" }. q; F* [: \! [
67( b" |" Y- c5 I; l# P) ]
68" M$ a; z# N9 b& Y; A/ {
69 ' m5 l9 n$ W9 ^1 Z70 7 Q3 u$ e3 s; F71 / a) p1 l/ v8 P' r% i- }726 g7 z1 }$ y$ M$ j
73 / y3 s# \( x D744 w/ H0 R" [2 R, H3 ~1 x
75* z. W6 E. c: L5 k7 C
76 . L2 P8 D4 x& L7 O4 s& m77 K0 C& l) \* ~8 y" w
78 + s) n: Z# e5 N& |; J796 V! z0 f/ ^" Q: o2 z1 q
80 $ s7 X% }, i' z) Z# w/ j81* {: I1 {# P$ X7 L
82 ) l' w6 B! ^) a; a0 T83 ! f6 n: C( ~2 K3 X7 B- C' [8 Y84 - D s. d8 a( @# _+ n2 @0 ~85/ F# {; F+ x* ], e8 C
86 6 i2 l) B% Q- W+ h2 b87$ e: r( N& z/ N. e4 J# |) ^5 J
88 . c0 F( P+ J' ^/ [# y898 w; q( m" S" s% m' Q* X
901 U% R- n8 `: \3 Q6 R
91 7 h6 X$ T: W* p+ v' Z92 / z& _0 o6 `4 A- B2 }93 ; Q X. Q- V* S) g: A94 * S- }# I1 f0 X4 l95/ q& h: C7 p* d
96 / M# ?9 p: d2 a S+ \97 ( L" Z6 p# Z/ ^# R1 ~; X98 - D% A% f! x% i99 3 W, O, u, k% t6 K100 : k' L/ ~) ^( ]: s2 Y j9 g101 7 N9 I8 h8 z: T9 h1024 S1 Y% ]* L1 G7 I, R! m/ s
103 8 I" y, n" i2 {104 ! l7 W: R) c0 c+ z105/ q! B4 P" y6 y
106 ' }, \8 Y ]! L0 N( M, ]$ P107 - t3 X9 W& ]# c. i! D* X5 c1 v108 ) P ~. J* @4 k! ]1099 [0 p; Y# e7 F5 T
110 8 X6 J" g! }; G111! B4 v& P' [! p, C* r; R0 H, u% v, k% C
112/ K! j% Z3 i' ]1 a
113! q$ a1 A5 ~& p, e- ]
114+ r- y( z% D; Y j6 n0 k5 n
115# X2 b8 }& }5 E+ U; c
116 ; }: m- O% D5 n: W117. U% r9 P' `9 X* V' M6 r8 @* c' \
118 0 j4 a( j% H7 \6 [/ z$ f4 ~1192 `# m8 J8 ]) `5 O( L& m6 f
120 & }1 K: F& g4 q0 p/ H, D121 7 M U3 n& t, k: \122& g% o/ B) N% W! m
123. G, D3 o# t* z6 s9 I7 n
124 8 A5 j' t n8 R D125* W' G4 g- ?/ c- T- P' h$ d8 r
126 # H" W% t$ v. K" M6 H5 `5 O127 # |% B0 T m! \# h( y* h# U128 5 j4 L: L" c9 L) n- Q+ z* U129, J0 p5 h, o; H D" A
130) w. F+ y; i4 {' e1 h' ^/ v
1317 v8 e6 x! l% t0 S' r
132; _' [8 S( ?+ W- B( L
133 0 [5 d8 ~' E/ f. W- Z' v9 W2 A& M134 . J' m$ \. `8 }9 P9 x$ K0 H/ p4 K135# ]3 Z) ]: X1 M- O
1364 q/ K) o2 U, I2 G Q' d
1379 C1 X3 i8 N* F( I- V
138 $ Y- R5 A4 o# G3 A& z1395 j+ l: P; k ]* S, o- t# r9 o
1405 }2 @: _. J, u' P6 }- i
141 ) i: c) W( [8 r; T8 A; S ^142( p( J/ r1 q8 D( M9 l
143& L, ?: r2 b d: s. h) g
144 6 r6 j! G2 e b5 z2 Y4 \4 W: E145! i) r/ ~' H& B4 ]3 K9 S2 C
146 [7 z6 {. X( w7 E: X
147; [2 R3 R1 \0 B* w- V6 a! E
148 $ P, I& _3 [% @9 ` K149 a6 e$ Q, z3 u2 x150 $ B0 L6 m! P' F151 9 ^, J+ o/ z: {* Z2 [1525 _ a1 b& ?0 ]; I2 q! k+ Q1 M5 D
153: B& J! L! \* S9 _" [
154 , W( Q- e" h, r0 q155/ ^- ~0 X2 u2 C% T# F5 D4 a' T+ ^4 p' `
1565 e( u: f u* \- O
157% A! y) o, B# Q6 o$ ~* N
158 2 F8 ^ \3 E' @, o/ e159 + S! U- O; Q3 E# ^% x) p160 " G! P* V$ ^8 ~# E7 l161 ' h( x3 S$ s+ Q: u9 f: r162; B+ J$ e! ^# z4 W' i( G C3 w
163/ m4 U& d5 a# I6 `7 E4 X& } a
164 0 \7 A3 G% E. }& m165 ; e5 P0 v* @& w' l2 l/ I$ `! v0 c166 2 m4 W* J2 `5 T( X167 E8 A' {; H4 T1 r* w
168 / v X3 P/ c Y169 ! ^: d9 F" ]- }+ `: t170* Z2 ?& s. U' u' C/ P
171 % J0 @! j) o1 S0 X$ F( G( G172- Y4 J; Y0 J' \
173 ( Q, }' N/ \) p174 , f" q! z! d1 R; W1759 @; M' L! E; ^8 I) R# z
176 3 l+ u6 L' [( r' M177 q0 H+ q9 P- s+ w178; F2 b: S6 m- c3 f& O. }. w
179 3 P* g7 l# K% P- m3 V3 F180 }0 T; x9 V o' ]# E
181: c0 ^/ U) I8 b; }" ]6 K
182, ?6 y$ M: N: v& y& H5 z
183 9 l) }8 ~4 J& V; O1840 }6 ^2 s: h) j @- H- V
185 / m& l% W2 n- g& O( n2 p7 A* x8 f4 f5 n186. `7 @) I% M7 _* L) ?& }0 X n
1875 C" q, P! ^& k# W5 y9 b; |/ ]
1884 q3 ^6 z9 @- U( ]
189 / s; L7 m" v( o& K* w1 `190 ?6 N) d8 w# m9 Z$ I
191 5 V% ~6 G$ ?9 ^% S, w) h; q192 & M3 J/ g9 Q/ [5 I. ?193 & G+ c0 g5 [ M; u% k: d194 H9 r8 k0 g: C5 J8 Y3 Y
195 + W. X( q6 ~& E- g# t/ W% M196. J1 L' i. I4 G! z; c7 v
197 * F5 V( C/ n1 C) W# U198 8 i8 o+ A2 h! i1 z; W9 Q3 S9 i199 ) t( S# _7 z: B$ Q" S D& J z200 5 A% x j% ]- o& B) V* b4 h201, L [( h* g+ T
202. u0 f) a G5 [3 B& C {
2033 v9 K; J4 f8 F
204 6 n% b6 Q$ b$ f) G5 d* t5 ^3 @$ b205 , K; R" Z. M- ~! f5 y206 & _2 Q- T6 q8 C8 ^& Z, y2070 k! o6 d" [9 T6 n. F2 L
208: F C5 I+ W! A" I, c2 K. _( K5 j4 N' ^. u
209 ' _- L! a0 W6 y1 R3 D210 * g. W! a5 p {211! A" P7 b8 S8 j" R1 w+ K. O
212; g Z( x1 s# N& f
213 # a* r) m$ I8 l; ?214 ( U( d$ n2 B7 W0 R! Z2151 a U2 M' h* A8 |; E2 Y1 p/ B, g
216 ( I! I8 O3 Z4 W: U2175 i, N* @4 H' t, x# k' U1 s
218# g3 f) o' p) ^% | Z
219. @9 r" X* j% L5 r
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221 * w% J# V N m2224 D* }$ X* x" n" n
223/ S& \; h: c9 Q% _3 C
224# \7 Y3 o- x( n5 d! m$ n- _& H
225 . M5 ~: l# f& y226/ D* Y- E% x: @" m# }
2276 {- {5 A* m7 D& C% ]" ~. X
228 f* W5 z+ q6 M9 ~! u229 ( M4 p7 R; Y' x% @1 k3 J8 m2306 N7 ]6 ]5 V9 p3 p& I
231 + d) h( B4 y$ f" Y232 ' E# x6 a- |0 }5 M' |* m233$ p1 q* f8 c6 o5 }5 `9 v
234 & i, E! H. }5 H9 B* U; e9 U235, X8 u! b) w6 |
236 # ]! K" c0 D( X* H1 P% z7 C% f237& U. J, N4 R+ P4 Y. W! q% f% S
238, q4 l; _. V; j: O' W# g
239, [; ^7 t; F+ E4 t7 I4 T
240 5 \: A# L" L9 x0 K' U$ Q4 {9 V241 t1 z9 m& s8 Y* B/ g" Z242" i6 [7 o& s1 U
243 2 {) v; s' G+ w) R* ]) C) S244 + D" k* k7 h5 J9 _2457 d+ }7 t2 f0 I q5 T; V) X
246; B) T9 U! T' N" P: R' T; } |- r
247 - Y* e9 T# I6 y1 P248" r. \( Q) n4 F2 F0 }3 F
249# l4 H, Z4 u) S2 ` w: j: O! r
250 ) I+ o/ a, r! e' `! n251 7 V$ k3 j- ^6 l2 h2523 k# P O# o8 j' j
253 * O8 s2 m- t3 P3 ~2546 a* j3 Q. n1 {% W" c, |# m
255, t! ~8 s- H F: Y
256 $ h' M/ X$ }# B3 W3 t. j257' p& Z' Z: U6 C2 p
258 / |/ ?, W0 l: i- H& d- }' a0 Y8 ~6 S6 J259 ; H9 m8 s5 }9 `4 J9 g( b7 a260) x/ A) x+ s! g* o- [& W" l: h0 i
261$ L7 K& P$ i2 |+ k# h& B
262 M2 t% T+ z! K3 H! O4 ]: s# ?. A2634 j' @$ S% a6 h- ^* d0 j% x% w
264; _9 w R/ C! e; J) a
265 6 F( s" ~7 W+ l8 ^' {0 d266 ' F0 ]! b2 f, r2671 f8 F! ~9 B! G0 `( [% `3 g7 n
268 X! ^ E! c8 N4 o% C2 L269 * W( l3 l3 k% O: C270 ; D+ S8 s# k- n& b8 ^271$ E# ?# G' }: u8 F: Z
272 7 O1 _1 P% f, m. k3 I7 m& _273 5 P* J7 f/ c" B3 g# e! J274' R" n/ Z/ _3 Z2 @
275# [3 V& Z! S x
276, _( o9 |/ S) |$ K, x- |) F* T2 P
277 - O& H; Q8 a- X( B5 n! Y278, I3 [) |* e+ ]! v' F" R
279 7 e8 k9 s8 r; V- X( W# b280' p/ ^/ w" b9 s; [6 \6 n* {6 Q9 j
281 4 I+ T( K! A. M* [) A282 ' ]5 N7 e% K' ?283 0 h& O$ d9 c, t0 X9 s# }# Y4 {284% ~: d `& ~5 _' J- z. l% k) E
285 / ?# u8 V- b5 W) g2864 v* B z/ A% i5 f( o8 g" i' [4 M
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297 0 w" A; l( u9 S- Q2 D298 0 B9 { k) o& k6 H! y2998 X) g. r, l/ y2 b3 a
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304 * ^3 q7 v, Z. P305 & c D5 u' F9 e: e2 P306( {) c3 C& X5 R% [, k8 R K; Z
307 6 C5 d: a5 p. R4 B7 {/ h308( H j: V" K& U
309 8 `0 v! T! W% `% F1 y' L3109 U, t3 l$ S+ |& \- z( k
3113 f0 x& Z7 |3 P8 `" h/ ?% e
312 % X) ?2 m8 u6 B' c313 ( y$ r3 v5 L# X# m7 Z' a3140 U$ U& i5 U/ U1 H+ f g
315# A+ Z# D* {" R7 k; q
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317 6 P# _. j+ d( f0 U1 {& l$ V318 & J% h! K$ t/ ~6 r6 @3 O3197 u$ F( x, X/ Y' k" M
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329 # B( Q* \- ?! Z8 @& [' _330 - A1 w: B$ ~, \" Y9 x# Y331 _, O+ g( t! p' ?( q; A$ u332 # i. R2 n0 S1 _9 h- I333- E6 D% P6 ]% A% G X* H/ R0 X) l
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335 2 d. a2 ^$ k$ g3 r336 : B* [+ \/ o% t3 q337# Z. o* S. v$ P o1 ?
338! r% S2 L% v* E: Y3 a- K4 Y
339 " N6 \3 d1 [* p% j340 c ]$ b- X$ f$ U3 G8 r/ i6 S
341 ; I6 P9 B/ y9 I V/ n9 {2 V6 I1 z342& C! X( {& N5 ^1 P/ Z% H& n
3434 u& B) R7 h2 q9 a9 u
344 4 u8 J7 l3 [) J% D' F3451 e" R' d2 H& e! k5 [" G4 A
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354 9 u9 l Q+ p. L! ^: S: b: ~4 m2 U355, Y8 V# U+ T, s4 F
356 * P: c2 X# P3 Y7 n7 x2 c3572 T4 D% X' ~ C! P9 p# {& v
358: P0 Z' Z2 ^( X; l; b
359 # v/ q0 q) p7 m: g4 h# _; C360% q' T" G0 L3 {& S
361 0 C% E/ D7 {) i3624 N4 H/ X) X+ z& T
363' K, U# F4 A E# C+ q( ^
364- n* Q+ Y* b( u8 A
365 ( S$ M% A" o7 ?0 X% x366 ' ~2 M8 ?1 Q6 e9 y# `: F" X367" b6 y7 I0 A, w5 x7 }
3688 ]# P2 W$ R( ^2 s0 {2 _$ o! |* E
369, F3 I0 J) N/ _3 x2 o1 p, z
370 ; E4 O4 N0 g4 |1 t9 w6 X1 k/ T3712 A* v+ P; p+ r# D. O
372" t; U& `9 n3 ?& j
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374 0 N! L* [; J; E' ^8 Z3755 h0 \& r0 x/ `7 b
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1.字符串操作符 d r+ E& D! t操作符 描述 + Q R. e4 d [: e" j4 k+ x+y,连接两个字符串x和y ; _0 Z1 n% l- t! C2 B* x*n或n*x,复制n次字符串x 7 v3 S& ~9 {# i! c$ u0 A% ein x in s,如果x是s的字串,返回True,否则返回False 2 Z% j6 K. d! P1 P, _2.字符串处理函数$ J, ?% e" q b- n
函数 描述) N: n# X6 e- W5 S' X6 y
len(x) 返回字符串x的长度,也可返回其它组合数据类型元素的个数 ; K2 `1 c# q5 estr(x) 返回任意类型x所对应的字符串形式 & J( `( h- ~7 f: {& Zchar(x) 返回Unicode编码x对应的单字符1 X( {. Z4 j' `, [
ord(x) 返回x表示的Unicode编码' d6 V. T A3 k$ T: e' y+ N
hex(x) 返回整数x对应十六进制的小写形式字符串 0 z% b8 d: H& D# |8 X Zoct(x) 返回整数x对应八进制的小写形式字符串# [7 G/ r( v6 w6 d, _8 a+ w
3.字符串处理方法 6 o* ]( s9 @, }# Y/ {. q( i方法 描述 4 m% Q0 p) l2 _. V, N, [( zs.lower() 字符串s全部转为小写" _+ ^# [" K; Z ^$ a3 }8 l6 h
s.upper() 字符串s全部转为大写. O6 L( D/ c2 L: k4 `" a' z
s.split(sep=None) 返回一个列表,由s根据sep被分割的部分构成,省略sep默认以空格分割 / C9 J8 k7 |5 A8 f1 @& h6 Ys.count(sub) 返回字串sub出现的次数4 E2 |8 X! q/ D9 y9 z5 s, Z* j% f; O
s.replace(old, new) 返回字符串s的副本,所有old字串被替换为new; [/ c: i2 u- x, u3 D3 w& e
s.center(width, fillchar) 字符串居中函数,fillchar参数可选# ~: ^9 @% ~+ N1 @3 k
s.strip(chars) 从字符串s中去掉咋其左侧和右侧chars中出现的字符 $ l" D* j- A6 R$ O% Ms.join(iter) 将iter变量的每一个元素增加一个s字符串" L- Q* p# l5 A- T, n
4.字符串的查询操作1 g! {6 L8 Y6 O4 \' d S" R5 Y
方法名称 作用 % Y$ g' ~2 g$ b$ |8 Hindex() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常/ L: {8 L( K. B; \
rindex() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 : H; T, t! [ `. Wfind() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1 0 j- L! j1 e( ]0 o3 {+ T9 brfind() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1; F3 f% S2 }" a( E
''' 4 p! B; |' R& t+ y4 K: Nindex()查找第一次出现的位置 抛异常 o+ P# }. @6 ^$ J' V2 X2 srindex()查找最后一次次出现的位置 抛异常 2 m1 K/ V% L+ z- h1 A! k: u6 W( O/ \' k, U/ p3 s
find()查找第一次出现的位置 不抛异常,返回值为-1# M7 ^& Q9 N( ]$ d0 L) b
rfind()查找最后一次出现的位置 抛异常5 ?# |' f# U7 E% B+ y0 X0 I
'''4 P7 U7 @+ s$ e, Z
s = 'hello,hello' N8 c/ R. T8 f# q' Q, gprint(s.index('o')) 5 X. }, ^) p# S5 t/ {print(s.rindex('o'))8 w8 B- \7 J& q. [
print(s.find('lo'))+ D- G! y4 @6 P& X2 x; i) l) z
print(s.find('ui')) # -1) A8 [1 G; K$ M
1 9 I* \) T5 j4 a0 s9 ^4 c# u' r2 ; H: C4 N7 K( W! [$ M* I: F3 ' i L7 g, O) L9 F4 , @0 z8 q& Z2 p9 n: _: K( u5; D8 B$ t1 I1 H3 `9 D
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