& v$ W8 k# p8 m, l2 y" b# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-9 M) q: U9 x1 Q* s( C- q" Y( d
# @FILE : demo24.py4 E0 K) d% w- ^; z" [" W7 A
# @author: Flyme awei. Y- Q2 a W0 y+ o. d' m0 e
# @Email : 1071505897@qq.com ' A @+ W0 j0 X( S+ G; [7 }# @time : 2022/8/11 16:07 * \& L0 z$ A4 f+ v 2 q/ K6 d9 d+ b4 @8 z 2 f& p7 T" g: Y4 ^* z: E# ra = 'python' ) l' ]; G3 o1 _3 A6 Q. @4 Z/ Bb = "python" 8 B" J, R6 V- B l* r' `c = '''python'''# R0 l2 R0 C: @! G# B* B
print(a, id(a))7 m, m! B1 R; A$ i5 Q3 W! I
print(b, id(b))! o M6 j' w& w% V/ b
print(c, id(c)) 8 ?& e& r4 P" E( l8 R3 _, D* Z! A1: V. ^5 c! C! P/ w
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' d1 d: ^$ q8 `6 o( N' h. B3.字符串驻留机制的几种情况(交互式) / V8 A4 ?; v- D1 y$ A. u2 x字符串的长度为16 E9 V2 j" x( H, x% m3 Q+ x
符合标识符的字符串(只包含字母,数字,下划线) 3 ^2 `. l6 }: c/ x7 m! r& z/ U字符串只在编译是进行驻留,而非运行时 : j& E) A9 q t+ ? _% V[-5,256]之间的整数数字 ; I3 g W' G; W. a) g' j$ q>>> s1 = '' 8 R8 G9 ^ s6 C% J2 h6 [( t>>> s2 = '' $ l; O; p, V4 h6 b>>> s1 is s2* w0 Y. u f- R1 n- @7 T% F0 V
True & L/ I, O& a' E4 l>>> $ F" u( z* J3 c# @7 a>>> s1 = 'a' ( P0 z+ D& G* O( H( R* B( Q>>> s2 = 'a'7 r$ l- m, B6 Q) N' o* l s* b
>>> s1 is s2 M G4 s5 S: G1 _: E" L b
True 4 Q+ A' }" S1 Y' q5 ^2 ?>>> ( N: ]' @) R! O) e$ N# f>>> s1 = 'abc_def' 2 |5 M) L1 E5 k! J* v! U0 D>>> s2 = 'abc_def' * s! f( H. H! B- N, F1 E: f>>> s1 is s2( |+ I3 C" f5 s
True 3 T B l+ P; ? w>>> s1 = 'abc%def'/ g' g3 `4 l/ q" ~# B" d4 Z* _
>>> s2 = 'abc%def' 2 y' S E( j! Y: A7 l>>> s1 == s2* { E, s' K6 K$ r
True ' y x; F, v0 H5 X" a>>> s1 is s22 J7 C, [" s2 Z! c$ l: K6 v
False4 M9 O7 g6 x) u( x3 W5 w1 f
>>> , ^, K$ k+ g$ Y' i+ i>>> a = 256+ n, n3 J- ?$ R- m
>>> b = 256- g3 r: e, \+ A7 `6 R9 F9 l7 x( \
>>> a is b & k$ [7 `8 n: x- b3 f( Z1 ATrue - X3 W5 e" L: R4 ^& {* |2 q$ j>>> a = 257 : u0 B& q( g7 S, T>>> b = 257: d6 z, J- a, p& G
>>> a is b 7 \2 k" t8 m& Z% k5 P* f* qFalse/ @7 g2 j& [6 z% K0 M1 J! ?) {
>>> a == b! r$ Q/ d p; A( X$ R/ L
True 7 i7 {# X* _$ [. ~* F' t7 F+ B U>>> + N$ w$ B) Q- i, |* M) f0 b6 e: { / w6 R Q* y& H; t$ g; }% N0 h1 $ M, i; q# M& q; K2' d; m9 m8 F% S& y% o
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32 ; s* \# o3 u' E4.强制2个字符串指向同一个对象5 _3 H% S+ h# y) Q3 ]
sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象 ' O" f) X* p5 @/ [; A$ P; E% |& i2 q: U8 O* R8 d
'''sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象'''" I' K6 H4 s( u
import sys5 Q& P: z/ P* ]- I, @
a = 'abc%'5 t; k$ D( A7 C5 x
b = 'abc%'7 d5 ]& j. I7 X A9 }0 R
print(a is b) # True: k# Z4 A; i/ @+ }$ h
a = sys.intern(b) , N$ y- Q, n6 D3 iprint(id(a), id(b)) # 2989905230512 29899052305127 p/ a, ^+ y0 s3 b
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55 B \3 v. o1 I% y
6 # M4 y5 H/ k! r1 Y9 y7 4 J9 D+ _& R6 x) P82 }$ T) `) l! L4 t+ n
5. PyCharm对字符串进行了优化处理, N& T$ s: Z# |5 y. X9 o3 ?
6.字符串驻留机制的优缺点( ` E3 {4 }7 e. c
当需要值相同的字符串时,可以直接从字符串池里拿来使用,避免频繁的创建和销毁,提升效率和节约内存,因此拼接字符串和修改字符串是会比较影响性能的。 2 j# V! z5 K6 B# z# W1 t/ J, P% d; I- [6 a' u# x) ]
在需要进行字符串拼接时建议使用 str类型的join方法,而非+ ,因为join()方法是先计算出所有字符中的长度,然后再拷贝,只new一次对象,效率要比"+"效率高 。3 h$ @2 C& O# F' J" ~! D: w
2 p7 u" U; v9 D B
二、字符串类型的操作; \! ?! M9 z3 M( D) u, K
Python类str内置源码:7 x- B0 W# k' |' y" ^* w$ e1 K
$ T2 D* C6 ~; x bclass str(object): * @1 R5 m" @' i1 d """ + o2 I( P! A: N& G str = "(对象)——> str$ j5 y9 b+ @ Q# x$ L1 Y
# {; a& i% G: w I/ u
Str (bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> Str 8 ~9 n2 m; W8 P! L: r9 p ) R* J2 p x1 u1 Z- W# W
从给定的对象创建一个新的字符串对象。如果编码或,则对象必须公开数据缓冲区 # s* M2 R; r! L; K+ V. w" R) B+ M 将使用给定的编码和错误处理程序进行解码。 ( B3 | T8 E+ U# `/ ?9 j" N , Q) k8 A& M; s
否则,返回object.__str__()的结果(如果已定义)或repr(对象)。 + e# m$ n3 E' Z" w6 R 0 T4 k5 m0 w8 \$ j' ?
编码默认为sys.getdefaultencoding()。* j, ^* Y$ q$ E$ N- H7 Q$ f
0 y. U% F$ F5 w8 u
Errors默认为'strict'。8 p' g$ K7 l$ P0 q
""" & F( I8 ?+ d$ _7 ~0 X% R* S def capitalize(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown7 j# a% }) y m) f; k* o7 E- k3 Y
"""5 h& c: J5 y/ M- k3 V. s# C" |
Return a capitalized version of the string.1 x( ]9 {( w6 I; T4 X
- Q, h; ~" n7 s2 i' a
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower ( {! ?* V7 v* v case.; h- N) \5 i- f0 Z1 a# S
""" # Q. Y8 N( K' h' X pass % U6 V( P5 a' R2 m! n * g+ c4 p# s, m3 b! f def casefold(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 0 o) Q$ d0 `5 y; x- k, H) h """ Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons. """0 T" |# b( I) `: `: n. r |( R
pass ?, ~4 x7 z' ~- K* Z3 n. P
/ ~6 _5 F* J x8 M- O' v9 e def center(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown% ]! V6 o. Q# v$ i- Z- I
"""! I0 z1 J7 Q: }/ ?8 U! A
返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。+ O$ Z; O- H! w4 V6 e- ]8 u: a) @
& ~- G$ K8 d* h# C 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 4 L( g# c; E V# c+ w) Q6 N( r """, }' q8 Y" b$ X8 J
pass( I8 i Q6 {& e3 H7 y' l
F; S; s5 [+ V1 W" w def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 5 v: |" y# f. B1 I' ~ """ h. u' [% M: c* D
S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> 7 {: x" W$ C6 O3 K* `$ Z$ P" ^ b, @; y8 |( h
int .count(sub[, start[, end]]返回子字符串sub in不重叠出现的次数. p; }/ |% J/ {% v
( H- u3 ~6 s4 \, w$ ~6 Q# P2 s 字符串(开始:结束)。可选参数start和end是用切片表示法解释。 5 c" f# Z3 h6 Y1 q9 P% ^8 ], z% I' B """ 8 l5 T" `# Y, Z1 ^5 b7 l return 0 2 N# G: f9 c/ L. j$ g% k$ ?- D$ _ 4 m7 K, ^3 q0 O; t/ q5 [ def encode(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 a8 _! a+ w+ w `; V4 Y. A """ ; ~0 l. O8 v. j' \. Y Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.0 C p0 h6 f7 J
( ~( D! I9 n+ s0 |7 A$ D' Y encoding 7 b o/ J9 G+ ^2 b1 I# j+ [ The encoding in which to encode the string. [+ Z4 h, v- E, d3 F errors 0 ~: \ |$ o) f( M) |9 T6 U The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors.9 H2 q2 N( Z0 a9 l
The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a8 R/ P) {. k2 n7 y" e
UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and% F, g! l' M) H6 P
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with1 G O8 Y. a! h4 k3 v j, r
codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.4 b, [$ C' j9 Z$ }" Y
6 Y. U3 }: ~' P' n4 A& q
使用注册用于编码的编解码器对字符串进行编码。 ! F; h1 I F& `- R$ x* i3 l& T4 D, Z. L* b8 W. i7 S1 t
编码: w4 l) e4 B: }
用于编码字符串的编码方式。4 N) E* X4 Y- W/ t! |
错误2 n2 |: w. m5 q8 ~/ {& R
用于编码错误的错误处理方案。 . Q2 a% {0 A2 Z- v 默认值是'strict',意味着编码错误会引发UnicodeEncodeError。4 b5 M6 ^+ i2 A
其他可能的值有'ignore', 'replace'和'xmlcharrefreplace'以及注册的任何其他名称编解码器。0 X# s% Q6 S2 s" c) g
可以处理UnicodeEncodeErrors的register_error。6 k4 g4 h' [! t4 T4 D
""" & M) }( d( k1 X# [$ U1 s pass9 L, v. v% r; z9 d3 y0 k" R
; i r" V: |# ` def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__" M' ?' e1 u) f! n
"""' A2 h" J/ X1 v( e, |
S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool . v& j: r9 s$ e- p8 J6 d" K7 l1 N& h; S! b
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.! q4 b( K3 Z) B7 T
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.: s) q/ {( ~5 ]* {& W
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.' w; k$ ?4 h3 U7 `
suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.# H; H |8 \0 _) Q& c7 I! y
""" 2 l; r' H5 w5 x5 G return False d6 \. @, y. X1 ]; b$ E
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def expandtabs(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown! M9 x2 L* s( V, g' H5 H( R% m
"""2 J3 N/ z$ Z3 s' R5 i9 f; O' [
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces./ Y3 l$ I% W6 S x( i, @0 J
" f" x* Z, K1 S8 L! p
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.4 |2 U. M0 L3 K5 Z/ D+ c! U' r
""" % @% j8 v# q( @$ ^) D pass ! o9 ^* _ o, C" u$ s! w7 H- I4 P# s; X
def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ ' A% u3 Y1 \8 N: H: x """ 4 U0 n" A8 F) z3 c% [; ?* X S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int / T- m" z! C) V5 V. f: e 9 G; v* D/ R S% M3 k! N" i2 S Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,- x4 ?; a- N. u; m
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional# D* z+ Z8 s+ f: e1 h
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. & L( V" `8 p* t2 ]" F6 r M# A& ?- ~& @+ K7 n* d6 O! f( ?
Return -1 on failure.2 u. K4 S: W) ^: b* y
- g) f8 a2 j1 {9 e S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 0 J: @( ?3 ~! l$ s% z# V& \- ~* ^4 m4 a
返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。 8 t: Q& D! l0 Q/ p O+ N 可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。 ! i4 G! Q* U1 T1 u0 g A 6 R& {/ o' f7 r3 g 失败时返回-1。8 e6 s& I8 \$ Q: z) z5 I3 y
! i% A) X% @/ g$ c* ?( {0 x, F" c" q7 ` """ * I# M* H% F- Y1 e- ^, b, F2 L return 05 p: _0 q+ f* O( r' P' J
- y& |* X9 r" _. J- k: d
def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format 6 ^2 I/ G: q$ k t: P """4 @2 F% G2 b7 c, [
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str 2 b$ i' ?1 E D t6 l) Q& Z2 ]% P0 E$ w
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. ) A7 ~6 \2 _9 Y6 e5 ^# Q7 T7 L The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). 6 q# A7 T) z# w! K$ d, }2 F % t' ?, b* |$ N% f2 y6 D$ F6 ?2 ]/ ~! s S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str 0 O; q) T$ O' f5 X$ B 8 S$ ^$ P1 G' D( ^: J 使用args和kwargs的替换,返回S的格式化版本。 8 h; b: Y# N" w, y" i, X 替换由大括号('{'和'}')标识。/ N5 } ?; N# P3 R3 g
""" / d( E% @0 {3 {# R4 c/ C. Y7 _ pass ' H3 W2 v$ i' V2 W# o/ i, k1 o6 `, P" u; F* \. `. P
def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__6 A7 u1 H" L0 y, t
"""# _9 _2 V5 t- a
S.format_map(mapping) -> str . g, x% E$ i7 J5 k5 Q' M / B6 ~1 I2 Z6 p: D1 k Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. 6 J* Q8 o- X0 V0 d7 C The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). P: p- _. g+ |1 r
""" & |/ z0 [0 K8 h return "" 4 X; N" _4 M H- F+ n$ W 7 v' A |8 A4 \- V+ s def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__$ a# L" Q4 L- a: P- e+ P: ?
""" & ]) O# k$ @; s- ~ S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int , n4 T- l, J* p" ^4 x# Q9 |) }/ I) I/ R3 n6 C. Z' u; }
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,7 J7 A. Y( @/ r+ ^7 L
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 3 r' ^! ?% F N" @ arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.0 ]+ p% z2 M. E1 @* ]
( U; ^7 U9 D* g8 U" @
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.2 W$ v4 @2 ?4 x" e8 Z6 w
# i% C0 [" _8 S3 f
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 9 l& n( @( {( z: g2 M& u
.index(sub[, start[, end]] # Z. [" U0 r& s# \; [0 f- d% v ; o" A, O. H/ ^) ?; g 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。! H2 [6 q& E. r, h$ s
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。0 S! e O% ?" G
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当没有找到子字符串时引发ValueError。 6 {: N5 s2 G8 @ """ ! Z7 t4 z$ l% `. i& ^; X* x return 0 2 e& g5 H3 @8 H9 I' q w, p* u8 U+ G& J
def isalnum(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown # ]: v) U! R+ x8 k: p """4 b0 S' G7 S* Q3 `
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise. 3 y' Y! v5 }. j; }1 `# @ " K/ I4 f3 q8 t: Z1 ` A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and7 v6 W3 i! [) U( r, O% }
there is at least one character in the string.% Y- k$ r w; K% X8 C+ {$ x
""" ( A9 S! M7 N9 _7 N/ n pass 9 g# h/ p7 [0 B5 q 5 g4 Q5 G8 {7 a3 x6 p7 D def isalpha(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 X( ~6 ]- s6 {6 h* ?& m """ " o: p2 o9 I. v' b8 d Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.* F& t4 ]. Y0 i
( j# m7 K% X( M5 i; o
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there . G% o; l( d( j O0 Z is at least one character in the string.9 e* ^- d7 `/ B
""" \* W8 o( Z3 l' `
pass8 M$ {. U6 z. K/ E
, R$ i, c# u# n x6 H) s+ {0 B7 M
def isascii(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown- Q( T1 P9 a0 L; T# g% ^
""" E4 l+ [' b$ s2 E Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.: S9 b3 {6 s! Z5 h2 t3 [" A: J
# c: L' r `3 ^1 d' X6 x
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. ( ]: Z. q$ p4 ?) K Empty string is ASCII too. % h c$ b! e" k" s1 ~ R3 M% e """" a/ D' l. H% l7 V6 q/ ~
pass$ Y2 A0 Q. _. c3 ] M
' ^* R# U- G8 h+ N Z4 g def isdecimal(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( Z! J) U! d4 | """( x/ A# e* n7 e+ Z5 w# g
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise. ' [, ~1 c# G9 q {: q" }/ f" q+ V- ~3 T) s# a: R& }, T6 a+ y
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and2 j1 e' l) N. R: [" Z8 v
there is at least one character in the string.2 [. L: }, e# P+ ]/ G9 y
""" r5 M' H: H, K7 {' K
pass + a5 Q2 O' x' l7 c3 y& @* }4 e$ ?5 @, E3 M5 b+ p/ {
def isdigit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. A, S3 W1 Y3 ~! c
""": ^8 \" U" W# {8 \( z7 U4 C
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.% t/ u6 U3 d. i
3 h. I) ?3 ~$ ~- O# e; B: t A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there9 T) r' l3 U8 q4 s1 O0 F; F
is at least one character in the string. 9 D0 m8 R4 O# K- X8 w. d5 g """6 P, J5 H/ I1 m8 W; L; [
pass1 o' L$ O6 B# @! ]
p! e! j; E0 Y$ E def isidentifier(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 e' n' D. q3 H3 e1 m' N" n
""" ) y( Z: G z1 d5 k Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise. " N3 \* Q. S5 i1 c# |/ N- @6 r7 G5 o8 f+ e5 f/ c- U& A3 k. n
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, % j1 g; X% b. w6 t such as "def" or "class".; a+ B/ h5 c/ n3 x+ ]3 ]
""" - P$ A9 u3 J/ d' X: r pass 7 o; A T4 s4 b @- U 9 e, [9 c2 m% w1 I def islower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 A3 L @" z. d& P- ~8 N7 B) j1 L
""" " z9 M, u2 d7 F0 X3 g Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.3 ~2 V' b5 ^# q4 {; h, \, i. }
6 r0 I2 v$ k; _# x; E
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and( z$ D4 k2 b. A$ e1 P6 X% D4 Z
there is at least one cased character in the string.- l( o! J% O9 n) s& p) A
""" - B( ~7 @) a/ h+ V H1 k pass ?9 k5 Z9 C5 X% n$ | 2 f. |8 U ^, _/ } f y0 G# ^ h def isnumeric(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : m- Y/ @( V( | """ 2 T$ \5 n9 G# N; N. v& C Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise. ; e1 n# Y/ j4 V+ d* J2 Q3 [" r( T- i! ?. A. B) ^
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at7 v& s S ^( O* k" z$ t
least one character in the string.' j& o) P: M; B$ S, K, ?5 [2 O
""" & M, N& V5 A: ?+ n3 e pass % F* v5 Q: ?4 r( C ~/ `9 a1 n* O: x/ h5 U
def isprintable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" `. q3 [4 R4 j- r
""" 7 N" N. A! J/ {7 R ? Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise. ' q2 {0 Z0 }, M9 z) L* k% z# E, m$ f2 ~# U* `8 g' i* }
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in # C6 Z. r" X/ \# o) ?, \, c& x# D repr() or if it is empty. 9 e$ p* A) p) u" O1 f( P: ^( o """ $ p1 F3 o& n) y pass! M" h5 Q( x: l$ S2 l5 s* {
! u% V5 g a- l4 T9 `' w2 L
def isspace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown/ x0 x$ Q( {/ p( F. ]" m0 E
""" 3 v& ]% r# `8 J# J% f5 ?/ f Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.$ w# k7 _9 t( H! j
" t, h+ o0 u% E A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there 1 I' }1 S; V4 T5 Y is at least one character in the string.4 }& I2 e! N: H$ J
""", _1 v/ `: R# @; n8 v
pass $ e5 J* k3 H/ J7 o7 \" o C. N C Z7 V% m- M4 g" d
def istitle(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown! ^3 `* O8 o) C! F. _
""" ' U8 e0 d. b8 Q7 u5 n2 l Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.( ~3 U+ o3 h; Y
2 L/ S R( m6 z7 A7 @% r" i In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only( m. Y1 B; B! ~( }
follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.# q0 |8 g1 G U
""" : R/ j5 T# Q7 e; i) r) r; O pass- x/ U" `+ g, J
4 K9 C- y7 x' P: @) G) Y def isupper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown$ Y7 q) A, p d- B: p( n& b
"""8 S2 { t' V2 r6 \) D. T
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise. ! W, f! b6 C: y) }+ D9 R; {9 ~5 V+ G6 h0 k9 b( \9 r$ u8 w. P
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and1 d! T9 z0 B) Z, m
there is at least one cased character in the string. - B+ k! A+ D4 z0 I """ 5 t5 V( q) N( ?) f pass0 z2 f, P7 Z2 \
1 \8 b; Y2 Y8 m) L. _' Y" J def join(self, ab=None, pq=None, rs=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 1 i6 j. d- _ h: ], ?6 }4 L" b6 D! a """- l! e" E, q* ^' W3 R( n: E5 L
Concatenate any number of strings. . d( P7 V" {+ n. |. u2 G+ k" X# L' v3 I' s8 a
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. ( l, `" z. e1 f, I: i$ m) A The result is returned as a new string.& \4 C2 Y6 \. @/ f, A
& r3 h1 ^3 H* T$ D, B+ h' R' `$ O
Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'5 \1 Z) L, q2 z) C5 ]. ]6 ]
7 n7 y6 L7 r& ^6 c& _$ L: p; d9 E 调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。# {4 E$ j6 ], v
结果以新字符串的形式返回。" h8 f F# i) Q3 x
3 g k3 R4 P/ C7 S, T% B& W3 `- H
例如:“。”。Join (['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'# ?6 u1 }7 u1 `5 I& C
""" # o9 X. a. y( ]- O. j2 i! i7 z pass % @% b- f/ `8 G9 D/ \ 0 x3 S M# w0 [8 x* y2 c0 u def ljust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) U# b, t U) ?& h """2 g0 ^( Q6 P8 v" n: j' `4 s
Return a left-justified string of length width.* b7 s# P" t! A/ a7 c! K, g) D/ g
0 C2 z( j: D- q3 M
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). : U. N' N- ~8 q: V: }5 n; o: S {/ x3 v7 o: x2 N/ H
返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。 $ @) H0 b% O `$ i6 @3 I3 F6 r9 a* v
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。4 F, q7 K* E5 R1 n1 S
"""/ g: i- h3 L. Q/ @& d
pass , S# c8 n8 X F; b# U* u! ]7 W - C- w' U* a7 `; { def lower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown r) ~. `$ Z0 g8 g* s: S
""" Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase. % a3 S- h# V; _* R) @ 返回转换为小写的字符串副本。"""- O7 c3 G' T9 `9 G! v5 n
pass 1 j4 U" d9 K4 U8 W2 ^2 Y8 v! c3 w) K1 H! p
def lstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown6 Z8 Y- }( I, y2 D
"""6 N: V; M' M: T5 O/ n
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed. 9 p, N3 l# _+ t, d$ E5 A9 y, p! @ ) h, q2 z% o0 } If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. [1 S- Z9 E0 u7 B7 b 1 `8 F; i( G0 x1 s7 [4 K, m- V1 D 返回删除前导空格的字符串副本。! ?9 f; u. s. ^9 `3 @% ^' c
( R4 l0 m6 T& H9 M: i
如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。+ z5 `7 ~$ h5 a" G
"""1 c) k" U* l2 D% N' w4 D
pass, M- }, G6 u: B: A4 T" r
$ y# g# y( e: Y9 z! g2 l
def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown+ N" j2 C; g4 A3 d6 J. C# Q( H
"""5 c) D3 O4 A) ?4 o1 G
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().3 h5 l5 |( M' f# K4 ?- v+ v
$ ]& p3 ?4 \) p f6 D8 X" B If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode$ j, W4 i9 C: d. G: I6 B
ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. 0 a1 [- E8 y$ q$ N Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. 1 a, d* h$ o7 c& N If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and" m; N3 d- b, n5 _! i, m/ X" H* a
in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the2 J# v* k. `; z$ k6 O7 V* E
character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it + j/ S9 g8 O! |! I' l$ ]- | must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result. # a! k2 L+ b4 f """ 3 j# C- y0 K) W5 o) F pass* G- I: c% X7 N+ ?# d, p% Z
0 R* M- U! Q" f
def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 C$ G1 ~: ?: `6 V """ ) b7 w9 N9 b0 ~( I4 O6 r+ W) ~ Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.7 i0 o$ s- X% B# k6 Z# B, u$ Q
% I5 \8 [ ~& z1 r& } This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found,( I- L; f7 L. s) U7 Z2 c
returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator # A8 [" J: R) \" O+ S itself, and the part after it. 1 B' e$ d6 ~. d3 p, h0 r# z" U% ] k
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string" v3 v" D$ M% v" p: |
and two empty strings.; I! k' v9 V9 i) I# x% J1 j
""" 7 j% r- S9 h- S d. s; t, F pass , ~6 G8 D/ v5 }1 |6 r1 T- j( c / f" i8 r6 R, X! D2 x" b def replace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 _5 R$ x/ H* D% @; Y0 u """2 p: B' X1 H0 s B, L
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. # F% t P- ~$ k0 M. Z9 o' Q( @8 m3 t+ R% @; h. J% n4 _! m* S/ g5 A; i% Q
count . m! L% g7 ^4 d% f2 D5 u' m Maximum number of occurrences to replace.) U t: v5 l A1 K
-1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.* _! A; D3 i S6 q, W z0 f: P! X
* K+ ^: l$ D* E
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are" b. l4 F( n- R7 h% [6 a
replaced. 8 F% h Z7 Z: T2 k: z" X % x- b* E& X* |4 W 返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。' o" h" J: e, Q7 s# ^. S
4 r2 e% ^4 _- H5 {4 T5 _# s1 Q 数" A& m7 Y' f3 k. W. m3 w
替换的最大次数。6 ]: Q" b0 }2 u
-1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。 % E0 I' u+ `1 Q$ v) Q # W, _7 v; o& N/ w 如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。, ]5 R3 Q& E6 Q- v) Y
""" 5 l* Z( \3 ?+ L/ U6 G" f, s6 O pass8 _& {& t. d2 a0 }1 Y: v2 x
+ k7 ~/ J( w; w& C. H( u def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__) V" P4 D- L7 P$ x
""" 6 K8 i; n& f# p+ Z% t- b7 G. j S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int- G! D7 p+ @8 D8 x
; T& o' _ J5 X8 \! a
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,7 S# C. x& S; B" T0 S
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional, z- M0 l9 M: T8 @2 w t! K( d
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.6 l0 H" F- d/ k2 \0 s9 s9 z
, b# |( v2 ~+ {! N/ I Return -1 on failure.; q) k5 V& C8 f% \0 r) L" Q
"""1 i, n+ P5 o! q% h6 t: M
return 03 U. f# J3 x1 R, G6 ^- F, b
8 @& o4 d2 ]" L6 X- z0 t$ V3 `, z/ U
def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ " \$ ?' P, `6 D+ g6 z* B """% t0 s( h& A- L' F' Y
S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int3 R9 e$ |6 T6 v1 @& A' t. ]* H- N
' }, B5 b' u6 u6 r* p7 B3 c
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, . i0 p8 P! n# `2 m& N! q3 O such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional 0 c& b6 r4 S: a, F arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.1 C4 v, s/ Y- j8 ^; d+ Q
% G2 r) m( O. A* E6 T) o
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.6 y+ ^% f5 u' X W
""" 3 ]4 w( Y$ Z5 ?! _% |1 P7 N5 O return 0 2 c, X4 k0 z) S! `! X0 j' \: | R) l2 _) [+ t- M7 Q+ ]0 b
def rjust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 c% u4 A% x& ] m """ + w- H5 h7 G( L Return a right-justified string of length width. ) V! a _# T m: n( x' j$ ?7 n$ i$ i: Q
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). 0 s+ s, ]. b9 d/ z. ~# `1 H0 U ' |* H% n+ k& P8 {4 E6 m: d/ J6 g8 k# N& m 返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。9 D4 I8 l* m W. |
. \$ T' u" z7 ~0 }
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 6 x% W8 \" r3 S( Q( v% T4 q """' P0 s- ~& H. o o
pass + Z, g4 L( S- W: z; l+ f+ H# F7 S 2 N0 e/ d& ]/ G/ I E7 x6 ` def rpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * M# _' Z l2 O5 Q* p+ N0 C0 N: | """ + g, u! O1 \/ ^6 F Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.7 F: ~% S" V& n) u+ X3 U
4 s5 V6 U( {: ]3 F8 Q1 z7 ^( ^
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If # H1 y; L( {, a4 n, T the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the3 R* U$ y' o! I4 _- ? j
separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.- j O- |' f) g( N3 V/ l F
. C; `) u: B9 o) b If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings$ H2 ?* `" O- |( |" U( B
and the original string.! n6 V- Q- C! W# P1 \$ F
"""9 o1 u) y: m5 a4 z; K
pass # |6 ~, X; \" W4 [ , N n5 o* q6 M& g# j' r* l def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown # }: j4 D( n3 L+ E8 c- j% E """ / r" G8 k, S" z$ G+ p U+ p Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. & ]& X3 w4 I$ q2 H1 C F8 w$ k+ z) n8 ]
sep 4 c$ |" ~! K+ R6 @2 r The delimiter according which to split the string. # a c- H% v0 }5 ^( w None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, ! m! W5 J3 a% f9 J, |" ] and discard empty strings from the result.# o+ w7 v1 P" F1 W. d( o
maxsplit2 G1 n4 ?6 x, K
Maximum number of splits to do.( m$ k' e: K2 B5 H* ^& w
-1 (the default value) means no limit.( N* q: R3 j. R
X8 _' R6 t( I7 H Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front. + }* N4 z* ]9 L. \- J! n' P' K" N2 h* t/ ~. B$ Y- U2 h
返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。 " S7 `7 l" W% P' J* R$ q: K sep/ F' g; M1 ^) r! Q0 h. Y& c
用来分割字符串的分隔符。3 v8 \, {3 y4 }% r! o+ J
None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。0 ]6 u5 t0 y; j g+ i4 p% @: b
9 \" |" V8 z1 h# C' O/ p maxsplit" R1 G8 L; R$ f) ^2 p; D
最大分割次数。. e( j- t" f+ G! r! v
-1(默认值)表示无限制。 + u1 J; D+ {8 }5 D3 I 7 s" w n* B( p, }! s5 i 劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。 4 m& T# B$ p# S """' k% j2 _' P2 T7 K5 }$ A! @( f/ w" @
pass 2 L- @. c* r* ^7 b* k8 Z7 } |& h9 M7 o/ X$ f8 ?2 @+ E def rstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 G& L# P6 ? A
""" - b& k. ]. E( Q4 K Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.: D+ J- j* u8 Y
& D+ P+ i% ^) R1 \3 i
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. ; w2 x: S5 a- b) w2 a: A, f, y4 s
返回字符串的副本,删除尾随空格。 ; c4 Z( H; ^4 K) L, o; P u6 r5 l( _4 i
如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。 ' d, O1 A- U4 i6 ] """0 w! M4 P% q3 [
pass : q' C& z" [1 J( {* M& v1 u# `0 q* T( n# P
def split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' b. n- J, \$ \6 p! c# [, T* l8 w """9 q4 w q# d$ j9 J- `* X
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.0 v) G6 {& Y0 o( @3 K* Q
. L2 \: p& I E# U) F( A4 y
sep ! x b7 a; O) a The delimiter according which to split the string.( P2 v( \% @4 v
None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, 3 Y; }1 Q3 w, d& b7 ]) q; d) \ and discard empty strings from the result. ' K6 ^( @& I i% J! r; j maxsplit- n, k) Y6 o+ t5 H# e2 N% J. v& w- g
Maximum number of splits to do.. j) X) A9 L$ @$ X9 q% \
-1 (the default value) means no limit." {2 U6 |% `! I- l
"""" E# ]: t/ h$ R& Y
pass; r* e6 d; \& e) s0 @& ^
: r8 L/ R; L8 z9 W' ~, O- o
def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; Z& B) b; L; A" M# z: i0 k """" M" |) l* Y& ~ g: V! H7 W+ i5 {
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.- c9 E: P- Y$ e, W: b
) x* o7 R/ \8 m Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and) Q1 m5 z7 l! y" S$ ~ Q
true. " T9 [0 b2 j/ e6 m% k( L; ^: z """" Y& N- t7 V) f# P
pass+ _# T7 \ i0 e$ C8 k: G
9 f4 Q0 C4 k$ N" _" x
def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ $ n3 T+ M! S7 o """0 I: z C+ P0 y$ h/ U
S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool $ k7 a$ R5 @. p9 v) N! f1 N- o5 K! u* J4 V6 `5 _! W
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. 6 h: S. N [% y. j- p* r With optional start, test S beginning at that position. * R) Z! x% n0 {' i, e* ], X With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.; U1 ~! f! T7 G9 {0 O+ ]
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.. h6 x/ B/ ~1 s& K; _' g+ w
"""" K& M: k# [; y- e
return False4 A/ I5 c: N: {! i, S; N
1 @2 V1 K; n P6 s6 z9 G
def strip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown) g) ^) u. ~& W( G4 g
"""5 j! B' M5 O' P, Z! f+ c
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.' r# q- o% x+ ~; E# @1 l! ~
0 R4 v' K0 w2 r( W0 K. j, _+ r% z' a
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.- L# \+ _3 d5 J. D! J7 P$ K: L
+ T9 H+ t+ T4 S0 R0 @( \# ]
返回删除前导和尾随空格的字符串副本。. M; O0 J! q7 ^' r$ t3 l
# n+ c9 X0 E) q- X; M7 m3 R6 g
如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。 4 }1 k8 e8 E" D# p4 e """4 r0 x: `5 |' w) J, l. Q( B
pass# O. w! h- @9 G, V/ l
( e1 m# [/ k. h8 Z. t8 Z3 E5 ^
def swapcase(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) F! x; t/ g* z# e8 C l """ Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase. """" K& o2 D) [# C$ a
pass 8 A0 A1 c+ k$ K) D! V+ ^" g) X: N' M6 n* r6 e; ]- X
def title(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown6 h1 q# y X8 p+ d
""" 8 o; s" j7 @6 s# S5 ^, }' \9 X; p Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased. 7 l$ S- f+ M+ v/ V4 z8 A1 f 4 r. J+ {! |' h$ t6 R; C7 D More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining- ?& m1 k2 a/ |/ {4 v
cased characters have lower case. / ]. `* E9 ^9 U1 h- \% T) a/ i8 s """- t7 ^' }6 r v5 {8 i' X, y
pass + j$ [6 ?- q# ^) |! ?& }, ~9 v' J
def translate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown$ o, \, d" P5 f0 @2 i
"""# b) a. X) D0 a" Z. `
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table. ) V' ?' ~; [6 c; h0 g3 p2 U% ~' Z: R8 f
table. X2 z# t& y( Q1 q! @
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to* l0 y2 W2 m# d4 I+ p; c' E
Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.% R& u ]8 }0 {1 H5 m
8 z/ d; W3 l! B6 j/ E The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a4 [" v7 G4 @( c
dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is3 D; [: }- _, |% r2 S( ?3 ^. Q9 Q
left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.3 s0 m& ~4 J" E+ L1 ?) m/ X! I
""" + I2 e+ ]3 G% M6 x1 D pass# d/ C( f0 [2 f. Y0 q% i$ {
; ]+ H5 G* k, @ m7 {/ F def upper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( h' \& P+ x" H. A8 x) S
""" Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase. """ 1 i* a7 `7 t! G' ~# E pass9 s; C6 j. h2 k$ O
9 j" D4 o, P( @4 r
def zfill(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. U' J/ ~1 T" v1 G& p- z% b
""" + r$ O4 t v& p$ e t: ^1 q Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width. 5 } U1 p: }9 d' H1 w( Y7 {+ n8 ~# w6 q( v. F: X7 y
The string is never truncated. 2 o) c" U3 u2 ~7 _; P4 @5 E9 k """ t) i+ M W% O( q1 W& P3 Y0 D
pass' q0 F6 k8 Z! k, U; P9 M0 q, \
8 J7 p8 z9 D( ~ J, P1 B& n
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. y5 X/ N) }7 _8 D/ `
""" Return self+value. """ 4 _5 v% n: U' F5 K+ b4 _ pass # S4 Q5 H" N k g" E* e + [" }3 n( f7 w def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown$ ~ P* x( e E/ B! [3 M, O! F. d
""" Return key in self. """ z4 E! e) W5 Y9 R5 v/ b+ T
pass ( ?# u( I; M! L# Z) y0 ^& F 6 R) J- v5 p% o9 Q: \+ K( n' O def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ) E5 }) g' ]+ M% r# ?8 m9 l* } """ Return self==value. """ ! L) A1 K ^, I9 k* { ]4 m pass' {4 y) s: P3 p; N; G* Y+ m! N$ U
a A2 M( t* R7 e4 Z: G: O& O def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown u7 ]0 q# [ \, a
""" Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec. """ : v/ R- \' Y8 s* p9 ? pass 9 |$ O; A6 K. O" `' P & z7 o; ?& P! u0 _9 w0 \5 r/ h' x def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 U$ g- d7 s' e% @5 P7 w9 o """ Return getattr(self, name). """1 O( |5 ~0 u+ F& l
pass ( Q! X8 m# L& Q( X; r, p. r 4 h1 ~+ A, l( T. d2 t6 G def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, i* K! h |8 M+ z; I
""" Return self[key]. """ 6 k d8 ~1 T+ y9 `; g7 P pass " k+ |1 _6 f: n E8 Y) _' ^8 W9 d6 j
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 1 U R: E% J5 o# p% `* ~9 R6 B4 n pass 6 b7 T, @* z4 p6 G* d6 D$ i* N5 }' F2 M1 I! V1 K& d
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" J- m, o3 y: v
""" Return self>=value. """ & U; d" o, P7 j6 _ pass1 I- M( {0 M' |: I! ^
0 M7 X4 ^1 b' n. u4 F/ f def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 8 @9 }- M" R% K8 a6 T """ Return self>value. """4 b# m8 E* M T) i) `0 K$ w# k' e4 G
pass, B: i) v; c: y- J' ]8 p A
- _' C/ @; n8 n; }! p7 K2 U
def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown & c: a9 g7 C$ ^" `! y z. L* j& D """ Return hash(self). """+ d6 N. f2 R$ o! B+ i! F2 u9 Q9 N
pass6 q# i% y9 o4 ]$ O! l* y
" j! u: W' Y$ C" s def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__ / d \- v' l4 u$ d4 z9 h """ 4 |- _. F/ T% p8 s$ f% k6 V9 R str(object='') -> str8 Z. E0 X: O7 D! Y$ ^
str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str% \7 U" y$ B- z' C( a4 U
- E3 l( {% M8 {/ ?6 X2 I Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or& ^' ~4 Q: U; @$ n6 {
errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer- T9 u% e' `5 O: `
that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.7 A! y/ K$ B0 c
Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)+ j7 N8 ^5 j6 _7 J, X
or repr(object).) d& m# ~& |6 q9 r
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). ; {6 \6 F% O# J errors defaults to 'strict'. I3 B. z, ]$ Y # (copied from class doc) 4 V$ w+ T& ^: Z; V7 {+ I """ * R: \6 k/ t# \; o6 [3 u. u pass 9 K) R* M% S# ?3 `+ c$ l# [2 W! k5 i# Q& c
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown& \" Q4 p7 o( A6 E
""" Implement iter(self). """ % l V, m/ `' N& b1 [' m: h pass 1 i+ X' `6 W/ _ . J1 n4 y) W7 {0 w7 o& e def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 u8 N( h$ k. J0 @; K" ^/ ~ """ Return len(self). """/ u0 Q. u$ E. V. S& R" S7 L
pass0 u) V) V1 W* I2 T, N
/ E4 x% J r1 `3 R# U' L" ~: q# S1 o def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! J: x% a8 |1 V0 M7 e' h """ Return self<=value. """ ! `; a, M7 s7 B pass 4 k9 A, O2 w' r6 \ . M0 f4 q" ~5 |' X' C0 O def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown' s( J/ e: x. v6 s; {
""" Return self<value. """7 z ~- y h( i
pass1 W4 t+ c7 g* A# S& H: g
$ Q9 c ~( i+ k( E2 n def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' j) |9 u6 T' t" W/ a- U% z """ Return self%value. """ # _$ ~9 X! t0 z. \. m0 Q% y1 T pass + Y2 I) `' o7 A9 B1 J* \: a ; o! b8 {: S( h def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' Y: r3 E. j1 a2 F """ Return self*value. """ * }: I/ H! _2 ^( V5 B pass- Z/ ~; o- Z, `7 |( u: I: p* s
" U2 {+ S$ S6 y0 g0 [ @staticmethod # known case of __new__# u" u- A7 [5 v
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( O4 ?6 D9 j+ |& Q3 u: i; F/ |3 Y
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """. f7 P9 B/ u0 @! B' [' I
pass + F: a% A' J' G0 N' M9 ? " P* i, } G7 q; T" w' k def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 |7 [* M! E" c# U c
""" Return self!=value. """ 0 [4 C7 q. }$ G: W6 M+ L pass' I% K$ Y7 I2 T+ V
0 j( Q9 ~. g6 [/ ]$ A2 |
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 p" p8 ~6 ~' n2 l) ^ """ Return repr(self). """/ h) Z% z7 u9 X4 `4 V& ~
pass7 ?$ m8 m6 b( c
2 C9 T! G( x/ S9 g* f
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % W, h+ g- e( K; g4 O8 a P$ i """ Return value%self. """ 8 L! n' v, F% b. F! H pass( E3 n/ L0 }1 r2 E5 ^
, z8 e' L% x! t* V. t def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown - M( O( n: X2 p. {, L e """ Return value*self. """ # q7 E! `' D0 l% s0 ?6 y: G( i pass( V' o. B& c# o
2 b3 O: c4 F$ }2 P( k# b def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown) f0 }2 H/ j8 a, V$ G
""" Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes. """ 1 J5 ]2 Q, Z- m" }! V$ P/ A pass ) Q! v) K- y; l1 B9 c5 u' x! |4 N+ |- V4 u! A: J
def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown7 ~4 _! A) O7 z* F
""" Return str(self). """! q4 E/ I% N: |- @& p, \9 o6 N. S7 i
pass 2 x2 P" j& c. m* l# a. b9 J- I; ~$ K. K! a
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10 1 R* |& A/ i$ m P' L0 j112 m% n H& w: w/ u/ _
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16 9 R0 P2 ~8 U l- W17 ' F7 f5 D! J! w" L18 1 h* _8 u) ?* V, K8 v& Q19* b, G% q( A7 Z; ?( [
20 7 m. w3 n3 F- Y5 w$ N; V21 # d- Q/ X: \# \22, @! R) z' k% K3 X. y2 W; g
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32 j+ P' v, x2 p+ u' a- Q33$ {- N( p- Z; n% B
34 : J+ h H8 @7 h7 J* K3 ~* t) [4 X35 6 ?& g+ i! k/ |% |: K360 {, I; B% S& _0 d% z7 x
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45 2 j+ F# q o _8 G Z# m4 o46 $ w* g% r1 K0 z8 [; r# F47 7 u N9 e; y+ u2 O48 9 D$ m V$ B5 ~1 z- r49 5 f( V2 ~/ h0 Y/ Z50' C6 a7 z+ A+ R' Z; E2 d) f& @
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73 0 G& W" p' {, \ g. f74. n- q$ l: m' j
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79 * L6 n7 x& V* l0 L' w P+ o, M80$ j# Q; D0 ?) H
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82 9 G. b0 S+ q# q' j/ x837 Q/ C2 v7 p3 L( c8 X" p: l
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86 ' @& H- @, G5 M" `2 i: i87 " L" V; A' d/ i4 o" ^2 E1 q9 K! k886 K0 G b6 S4 ]
89$ p5 c5 P! l: p; N4 `
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95 3 I' a) k. D% D! L. T968 U4 j, t( i8 B* a7 d" l
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1015 ]( \3 g0 x5 n5 s6 ~
102 " Z! f- J$ X: i3 y6 L103# ^ I) |/ Z9 s9 B
104: `. D! }& `: v0 t4 X
105 % C3 w. E6 P8 i106 + Z V. m3 I) d2 N" |! f107+ Y6 \% [9 w' ?+ ?: _
108) H. ]4 P2 L# ^ F1 L
109: ]3 ?8 \0 J9 g0 L; |
110 ! o" O" b' }1 P8 Z111 ) t: h% y' K, Y9 Y$ V! s112 7 F5 K5 \9 f4 w- |113 6 L: F1 r, F1 E$ }114- E! V) s- G, c4 l
115 & W1 @6 ` r. v$ ~! c3 q116" H( ~4 j2 w/ e+ z
1173 R8 l, r4 Z! ~7 r% G
118 ( q3 Q. V+ t6 |( K119 - Z# V4 n5 T, a: |, \1 u8 w120 3 m3 A. D- b& m$ f: n121" |; ~) `. S" V# I% Z2 f
122+ I. ~" u3 [% M8 Q( D3 o; i! w
123 & R5 a7 `: N0 E* V: X0 K+ e124 8 { M3 Y1 |1 J* ` K) L5 H, X125! p4 T, K R l- ^: H4 ]
126 ! J4 y1 S% {# S9 k7 q; M127; ]: G4 P, m7 J+ ?
128 7 e8 y' y+ _7 x- ^129 ) K; U0 p1 s* d( ]130# {- ^" s0 k* I5 K
131/ [6 m6 b8 C. I5 c& C( i
132 + S, F- D; D) H. H; P! A133: g- A7 U: T4 }* c# j) `
1346 ?" F6 j) Y* N& u0 ~) w" D
135+ n& N$ l* K5 ]" f9 l
136 9 s9 p! _7 S. L; M( A* |137 3 v# D L) I$ [) P1380 A K9 G! k" _7 h
1396 q& x6 Q; K( T# n# E6 L, W
140/ k/ S/ Y8 a+ @ ^1 W" f5 n& C) M
141 # {/ B8 b1 C8 A1 }' f- _! U5 V142 & ~; y: B) r) K8 a- Z6 i* c8 T! V1438 i1 [# y2 L; P9 k6 J) a# A+ q! N
1447 x+ V' n; B6 f6 {, d; E% Y7 p% \ O
145 2 n, a0 b, _* ^/ }$ r( N146; ~" O( m( r2 K
147. \* x ]$ R+ k
148 # W, @$ n/ j+ @- \ V1491 E' f) |6 G& a
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1514 k0 c# S0 ?' W! t. z' m; F2 k. _
152* V Z1 m, K/ Q8 @) |
153 0 J4 O8 p+ Y4 n6 ~" B9 [* E2 @154 1 m8 f9 Q/ f4 }1554 ?0 o* h6 s7 R
156( p. r8 q# G7 C5 @
157 7 i2 h/ O4 G7 K, H1580 `2 Q6 t/ k, J* U8 |0 a
159* s3 ?3 e& ^8 I7 {* [
160 ! j) Z8 e$ Q* d, A- Z+ S) z161 % b4 Z* r$ |3 |& V4 s7 M1 s9 I1627 r! g H% f" c/ r, q
1630 V% S! ^6 w" h4 ~8 [/ O
164 3 j. b5 c! f6 N7 q/ g165 E6 Z) m5 r5 g+ r; `0 p166 1 ]4 |) w- e6 k3 m0 f167' h8 K* g! {* C/ f3 g
168 v" M u+ f9 Q169- x5 G* V- K* d
170 - v; Q, A: {% K1 Z p( s$ _ \1711 ]/ B" Y i" R
172 1 v* b) \2 h( |$ E& i/ x2 ^, _% Z173 . b6 O+ I$ w! R" a2 W* a174 6 U/ M+ M, S g175; i( R! o# F& b0 I/ w p
176) ~, F4 `' _% U* a! {- N) R+ ?) j
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178 " J9 ? L1 d# ?5 q8 f" }* K179 ; Y! q8 [4 ?# y8 G" E" i180" v$ X$ N/ n9 K: b
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183 ; ~+ w! P+ B5 T184! q& F; m% i% w1 o& j
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187 ) i) B; b7 y( M# U7 K1 r1 L188& I8 P: f/ P% \0 Q0 l, w" P, x
189 ; d3 @7 \% d% W$ t' d; P+ d1 Y190' {$ K) P& @& G4 r" E8 O0 g" j2 K5 U1 N
191. }* K' B$ C h5 R, L1 b7 b1 [
192( {1 }; D2 F6 x2 a4 [% Y
193 9 V6 B0 F, I0 Q# [) N194 , ~: Y* J [, W/ J. T! J+ z& T195 6 p' ~, B0 c; t+ G, k196 9 ^% n3 ~9 v9 i3 l, K1 S# T197, I5 p* b/ U& a
1983 B" D9 q& r9 n8 O; R
199 6 e% W" _1 j) M! w, m. t; \7 t# x200 " C- E. y5 R/ X4 ^& u; q* a201 , ~9 a: W# y; s+ |8 j' A202+ C4 y9 {9 M! m: ]6 {: c
203 5 r0 n; l6 Z. g. N% ~) p2 D204 - w7 a; }6 C) L/ a2050 n; F7 q ^& Z1 a: |+ j9 o
206 : W4 Z4 R6 I! |- {6 C! T207 ) K0 M' i7 k, M ]& ^208" x4 ]6 r4 {# o" |, H2 k+ A
209 9 R8 q, I, g7 ]2101 D" f# k/ x" K' y
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212; p: @3 v. Z$ H" E
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217 & V& f, U# T* n1 m! s2 i218 U( i: z9 p! n+ s2193 U3 T1 G4 {; g3 o
220 ( T0 s; @& [) c$ ^' e221 - |: \) q: \6 M$ f' r222% k" D4 t* O0 i9 p! h9 U; q& Q/ K
223' }+ a6 _! o4 }# T
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225 " p3 {- x% w' S* q226 . n: u: Z- H& j8 M, d" z6 u227- c e! q; H X5 }; b5 n
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229 y) p2 x- H8 ?: n' v5 t& _" V& ^3 V230+ F9 f! X8 K9 C) U. O( H8 D
2318 F- S' y. w+ Z6 b
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234 * ~$ C' I/ q1 h3 {0 z7 i" y235+ n" c7 ^% N5 S, g1 B
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2372 b c; [& y. N" f- h
238 ) a% ]3 o! l1 Q2 |3 c239 , s5 [' A6 C; k8 K& R* \240 & r: v; M8 W" M$ d2419 Y0 v& t% i( L, b1 B
242 9 p: ]/ C9 t0 }3 Y6 R- q, K" @9 Q2431 g6 p5 _/ z6 |+ @, u8 W$ m! ~
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248 7 R i# y, r! H- }* ^& g249 ( X0 f6 d- N/ g8 [250 # x3 t* t! M! L& ^0 P5 x251% m( X2 C6 Z) a p9 K
252. M: f' L1 K) a5 C+ I$ r8 @5 V3 F: G
253 & U4 q: D$ \) f1 ?0 p+ G& J% V254 ( ` k6 f" k1 U) p0 Y255% Z; f0 B& O; {! f: \. U/ M' |7 u
256 9 j( l3 K, a1 b- R* f5 w2570 W" i3 R+ v n8 z# \' ]" ^0 t
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259 7 g1 _7 z( R1 ^& g0 B; i! e6 S1 T260 - M( {! a, N4 |+ i+ {! `( d261 ) d. l# K! ]- h3 x/ x262 ( R$ U. b. O# U A2636 u( l1 S5 ]/ ^
264 9 x) {7 a# |# q265 6 S; \& M4 A5 Q4 O3 e266& f- j% c+ B: V& m. J& r" E! q5 B
267/ x; e5 x( I( f4 T. N
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273 n. k3 A+ i! ^+ m) u
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276 . j4 k( R% e1 u4 J" W- M; K2774 f* y& w2 i) S Q8 s( y1 L
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279! R' L+ V- J, u0 x% H* D
280 ) R0 k: y! y% z' s h z8 x3 I281 $ A. y) ~; o# M$ G6 S2828 N/ x+ V5 I+ u; d. p
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289; S/ u1 ^9 w7 V9 I, x' d
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291 7 F2 b' e9 }7 m+ p) C6 P292 * K0 |6 c4 l0 x1 l4 t# v! p0 z# v$ t293 " C. g2 Z2 Y9 D3 K( d" }' p5 d294 1 \0 M- u% e$ ~8 a5 T1 M; q295 / _3 ^1 N! Z7 l' ~296$ E& D5 f2 C2 j% \+ e( B
297 8 g0 R5 K4 f- Y* w, x F298! }8 A. v& c9 y
299 ' c$ k* x' A% h" U. b5 \ B- Y300' b8 S ]$ K# Z s# y6 J/ j3 y
301 4 V. S5 D! d" b7 p! Q. N4 G302* g, L4 F, X1 ]' I1 ^
303; \: t" H- N4 t3 r
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321 % S: F V" J3 i, u1 z# V5 N0 `322/ V8 I5 g/ p* z+ j, G
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359 ; v4 l, V% \ A+ T3 U! K% j360: S$ K9 D2 ~1 g" T" l
361, @0 K; R% p/ U" N q0 E
362 0 ~) A9 N" x' i# @2 m4 e+ e363 G% I# x( {% ]. d1 p3647 W! A. h* o* S7 d2 `* x3 B" p% L
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635 1 @" W/ H, R0 r+ L3 [636 + g9 w/ U: ~" d& ^4 b; m1.字符串操作符" ?# e' G) c6 \& A4 ]2 ^
操作符 描述 ( G6 l9 ?* A; O8 M+ x+y,连接两个字符串x和y+ X1 g( m$ y1 M5 T
* x*n或n*x,复制n次字符串x) Q& H$ |* `% M. C! \; |9 b
in x in s,如果x是s的字串,返回True,否则返回False! b( D( N3 ?+ V9 ]. B6 ?; b
2.字符串处理函数8 I$ ]* h; _5 F' ?7 ]/ Y3 a% @ Q
函数 描述: M7 j( `1 H F" k, h2 ?# Q$ V- Y
len(x) 返回字符串x的长度,也可返回其它组合数据类型元素的个数0 C' D7 t" p7 a1 v
str(x) 返回任意类型x所对应的字符串形式 8 A4 p( q% a1 H9 [& Schar(x) 返回Unicode编码x对应的单字符4 y8 B$ ~6 ]7 u" C1 ~- V( F2 [
ord(x) 返回x表示的Unicode编码* [" Q/ P5 _7 M, [5 i
hex(x) 返回整数x对应十六进制的小写形式字符串3 J) v# ?6 e% a- j
oct(x) 返回整数x对应八进制的小写形式字符串6 C2 ^* k9 t" G0 T! Z+ x5 M/ G
3.字符串处理方法 ( L! Y5 @4 G' x7 J% E方法 描述 ' T5 f y' ]8 u8 ts.lower() 字符串s全部转为小写 8 [& B$ H5 U, c3 As.upper() 字符串s全部转为大写5 [8 L0 e# y" p+ R& E: a
s.split(sep=None) 返回一个列表,由s根据sep被分割的部分构成,省略sep默认以空格分割* C( L- O, e6 E. |: }' i- ~
s.count(sub) 返回字串sub出现的次数 ( i' b9 R8 j. [3 Ks.replace(old, new) 返回字符串s的副本,所有old字串被替换为new : O( `, I8 ?8 `1 vs.center(width, fillchar) 字符串居中函数,fillchar参数可选& t8 x( U% Z6 @; A9 {
s.strip(chars) 从字符串s中去掉咋其左侧和右侧chars中出现的字符 ( `9 e$ Q# Q: r9 Ss.join(iter) 将iter变量的每一个元素增加一个s字符串 6 f1 C! X- {2 Y4.字符串的查询操作6 t" e5 A( S, c, F
方法名称 作用 ( o, M1 M( u, F/ @index() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 2 o5 g) |; f! N) Z8 t$ p# Wrindex() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常) g I/ c$ K4 l8 D" |4 ~
find() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1 " v7 }. s. S! w2 Krfind() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1- M" L P/ ?( k( [% j: \' o
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index()查找第一次出现的位置 抛异常 $ N. D6 d1 O1 n& U, C7 N0 erindex()查找最后一次次出现的位置 抛异常 1 M# ?1 S$ t* B1 H- F; w A d' {% V( E( U Rfind()查找第一次出现的位置 不抛异常,返回值为-1 2 ]+ \! {' ?- [- C2 \3 W" Erfind()查找最后一次出现的位置 抛异常 9 x! I- J* V2 v$ t2 Z( B; W'''+ Y0 d" W# _1 d1 m7 i8 @
s = 'hello,hello'# F/ A* ] @/ _/ `$ d
print(s.index('o')) * u* y- U/ ^; P6 Q R# F$ jprint(s.rindex('o')) * d* z: ~8 g) T. j! g( W# L& N+ Fprint(s.find('lo')) / T3 `" F) h+ H/ Mprint(s.find('ui')) # -15 d* C; T4 o6 {' S A
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# l; `* T4 ]2 X$ Z5.字符串大小写转换操作 / @7 I9 L7 t! P+ ]* a4 R0 Z方法 作用2 E! k7 o7 @3 `1 }. c
upper() 把所有的字符串转换为大写字母 , X8 e. l1 J; llower() 把所有的字符串转换为小写字母 & t& N' Q6 I4 _: Y) qswapcase() 将大写字符转换为小写字符,将小写字符转换为大写字符。2 u) a3 s5 g" W- Y6 q+ ~" y2 F
capitalize() 使第一个字符为大写字母,其余字符为小写字母 " U3 X. J1 P {: Atitle() 返回字符串的一个版本,其中每个单词都有标题。更具体地说,单词以大写字母开头,其余都以大写字母开头区分大小写的字符小写。 4 P8 @0 I( J! \# \& D% E) A4 }1 n+ X. a# 字符串的大小写转换( o- l3 l1 X8 V- K/ A. n
# 1.upper()把字符串中的所有字符转为大写/ P. y2 p. T0 Z. y! }) M
# 2.lower()把字符串中的所有字符都转换为小写1 D+ K8 j3 O- y; ]
# 3.swap case() 大转小,小转大7 F/ r8 u5 o8 F0 y3 ^
# 4.capitalize()把第一个字符转为大写,其余字符转为小写 ) A! V4 h! j& b9 k) V" X7 L8 m# 5.title()把字符串首字母转换为大写,把剩余的转换为小写& q) p5 N- v7 _) i' h- K+ t
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s = 'hellopython'. P5 V$ m9 u- s" u8 A
print(s.upper()) # 转大写/ `4 o4 `6 i* h# d3 k! }1 d
print(s.lower()) # 转换后id改变,会产生一个新的空间3 V ~; h R) n9 |0 p# B
print(s.swapcase()) $ ?+ c8 j% h* k% O( bprint(s.capitalize())- ~+ p- u: l; f
print(s.title()), y+ |0 y/ v$ b* W
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6.字符串内容对齐操作方法 4 e+ p) D8 A$ \$ z5 a9 u) x& t方法 作用# E( D# D+ X. C2 a. p' Q a
center(width,'') 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 & F0 c7 i' O3 u5 Q6 \& [ K6 S. wljust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。3 k U. P2 M) U3 A- V& ~
rjust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。7 O' O' Q9 Q3 e/ T2 D
zfill('int') 在左侧填充数字字符串,以填充给定宽度的字段。字符串永远不会被截断。 & ~, b, N5 N2 p2 }/ ]6 q6 t'''字符串的对其操作''' ) R7 ?2 B+ ?* B) Q! t2 Z# 1.center 居中对齐 . K5 _& ~9 X1 W4 I3 n( H) O) Fs = 'hello,python' 7 Y- y0 [# T. `! M; }$ T1 wprint(s.center(100, '*')) - X+ W/ @7 V5 v ) F9 x5 c. a% Q" ^- |% v# 2.ljust 左对齐$ e7 D; J' m+ z6 d* W6 B; [
print(s.ljust(100, '*')). | \5 ~. r' s. @3 _) a
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# 3.rjust 右对齐. c0 A% D, |) \. e6 N2 Y5 _4 ^
print(s.rjust(100, '*'))$ u7 o8 |; f3 A+ ^
& m0 u( Y4 x+ k5 a# i# 3.zfill 右对齐,左侧为0填充% y. I) D. u' P5 n) g
print(s.zfill(100)) 8 `( [0 a; K$ P4 o1 : {; |, r- u0 D2) P8 Q! g+ F. V/ {5 n1 j
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