查看: 2959|回复: 0

函数大全(s开头)

字体大小: 正常放大

韩冰

823 主题	3 听众	4048 积分

我的地盘我做主

该用户从未签到

电梯直达

1^#

发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

|招呼Ta 关注Ta

<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 
: b8 z$ a9 M/ K7 D4 f4 F) {/* display the gray scale */
, H+ q, t$ i3 c9 j/ _, @: U( ^0 X% @ht = getmaxy() / 16;
: f6 ]) J1 A _6 P9 Zxmax = getmaxx();
. M1 Z2 z% D% W3 }) W! I" q3 f0 o# ~; ry = 0;
4 X0 o8 ^# Q! r- t* Wfor (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { $ J q/ p6 A' T/ |. J
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
* h( C* s+ h5 g" gbar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); + n& [- V3 P( p3 [3 _1 b$ D) v; K
y += ht; 5 F& z% `- M m L. K
} ; x5 R( X' l7 @3 @$ L; [
/* clean up */
# y; E# m# p9 c! y, y0 ]/ Ugetch(); 2 X% x( A2 W- \' {1 H( F- w
closegraph(); 6 k/ }, a# K0 y M/ S, B* y
return 0;
6 ]+ m9 r d$ p4 L}
8 V2 U! c& [5 A \: Y) f" `) C1 q; h- S3 Q0 c

9 _+ p2 ]. N; B& J2 f5 @( G/ l1 R# p! k2 m' W5 `7 q. z
函数名: settextjustify 8 \' ]( g6 \) l
功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 U9 o! Z L g2 w& a- E
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); * t& j, M6 U$ n3 N& W# @" O5 y4 x! M
程序例: 
! \/ Q; s' Z" P/ v# [9 k" Y#include <GRAPHICS.H>0 C$ m+ m. ~ U5 i# q- B8 W2 ?
#include <STDLIB.H>
1 e/ K' x- _2 K" a$ _#include <STDIO.H>
+ e. p f+ w) ~2 Z7 [4 ?#include <CONIO.H>& n1 I! S( c( H/ W
/* function prototype */ 4 S3 p) o% R2 c# c6 z) o" g& a
void xat(int x, int y); 1 W0 k6 ]; m2 r" J3 Z8 T) ~! A
/* horizontal text justification settings */ . j; q6 Q' K, E2 J8 a; t) a
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
1 r N- y2 d5 A5 a2 w8 F$ f"CENTER_TEXT", 1 c M- _; I) H2 k$ ^! k
"RIGHT_TEXT" 4 @$ H9 l8 F, J# ?+ r; s6 J
}; ) l6 a$ r/ O, O% M7 _& \
/* vertical text justification settings */
2 l+ v; C) {4 pchar *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
- ~# |, S4 X0 Y* k"CENTER_TEXT",
/ e" M% F% n+ }. |0 i# t2 [( J9 k6 f"RIGHT_TEXT"
, {; q7 m7 o* {4 U) z}; / Q/ y0 M4 j" U- m# }- N
int main(void) + r' R2 p& {& A- B6 Q, ]5 i( u
{
6 z: |& U7 {, s" R% U( ?6 J8 t' S/* request auto detection */
 h% }5 s. X" \9 `5 G) {int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; $ V7 Y9 r; K9 t- O. d6 b$ c
int midx, midy, hj, vj; ( G! P6 L; M% Y2 A1 ~( w5 R
char msg[80]; + W% J, M/ s( |/ v9 A5 N b
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ( F- J1 O; u& ]& l4 q7 w
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
) l- o) h( T+ s/* read result of initialization */
! e9 ]( o! M% c- z$ Rerrorcode = graphresult();
2 k5 M5 G& _1 Rif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
- ~3 m- S8 t4 L+ t{ $ a( p j) }( W0 w6 E
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
% y" ^% b9 Z# X- wprintf("Press any key to halt:");
( V8 [- Y6 {, F( w. l1 p5 O; Y. p2 qgetch(); 5 S; T' ]% T! q
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
3 s5 U$ b$ W% r" Q6 c; Z} 
4 N w H% m9 f) G& i; w+ Kmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
) H& O" X1 v" Y. R/ _9 g5 rmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
8 t7 d- ^8 t2 v- }) ]/* loop through text justifications */
4 S* p6 t* q) E6 _# zfor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
) f, _' Q3 x' h. rfor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) " J6 b$ D7 t2 ~+ l
{ : E0 J# O4 O% V4 k% K( g
cleardevice();
 K3 W3 Q* b* l- o% X ?/* set the text justification */ 6 Y. w& k( a2 D
settextjustify(hj, vj); ; ]( }/ t6 p/ P; V9 C1 r
/* create a message string */
/ s( ]4 p4 k: d$ Usprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); ) D5 ^& l7 b$ h# J' H
/* create cross hairs on the screen */ & `2 _6 f: Q& g! F' {$ H$ R F
xat(midx, midy); ( i! Z L/ p4 Y+ V, u% Q9 z. x
/* output the message */
3 D: g4 H3 w9 \& n3 a0 |outtextxy(midx, midy, msg);
! L" I" U# K% V& v( e" }/ I. s7 ^" \getch();
6 d, w0 y# S- t! o; t! Z} $ @% f$ r8 T2 I6 r. f
/* clean up */
8 m. d- j$ u, [ X! [" H4 W' Oclosegraph();
0 |& J5 I6 x! g* C6 Xreturn 0;
6 {" b5 ?7 w7 ^} ( h5 m) g, }2 Z" Y( W0 e S+ r
/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
0 a1 }# ~" S; }' ~0 J/ ivoid xat(int x, int y)
: n% [, q0 C+ ?{
$ g: b) F5 w ^9 K# M6 Mline(x-4, y, x+4, y); 3 e8 [: l! R. r6 E* Y2 F: M
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
} 
7 ?1 K9 X V8 n* Z/ Z- i
6 P8 L7 Z3 D$ @1 _% Z8 u+ O
! C$ F, F# ~# }9 n函数名: settextstyle 2 u* n; k0 X: L7 ^! u( Q. x0 q W
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
( d6 Q4 W% X+ v. M% p7 S4 r" K用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
! ^+ ~+ B# d$ s. r程序例: 
1 F- T2 g9 D" H9 m8 ?' D- `+ o#include <GRAPHICS.H>
! m, a$ M! A n+ T#include <STDLIB.H>
2 {: ]# G+ U4 z#include <STDIO.H>) T; x- A7 f4 P4 P: n+ T* z
#include <CONIO.H>
* H! f5 Q- z) C! e/* the names of the text styles supported */ / ?2 u6 Z$ ]2 e) O1 _7 b
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
( K, h t9 d2 o/ ?. e. \, W, c9 w"TRIPLEX font", " G/ l/ s/ Q0 t) G0 w' Q5 ^
"SMALL font",
) {5 Z1 a0 @$ {9 g. L4 w0 A9 b) M- u1 \"SANS SERIF font",
" `: p6 x* ~+ U0 E"GOTHIC font" 7 U+ P2 M; j7 A( M8 }- a
}; 
) a& r0 E x E; q1 O, p( B) F! nint main(void)
& f1 e0 P! c) T( K$ {! |{
7 z' y7 E u' E. ? W/* request auto detection */
. O# M. L$ h; }( B. H0 _int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ) K2 Y0 k3 v5 Z& T$ e/ b
int style, midx, midy;
1 Z' _; N7 N' T2 O, }% C: iint size = 1; 
: k1 {% ^* a5 B1 \2 e: X/ ^6 f/* initialize graphics and local variables */
3 ^5 y4 \* [& `5 j6 X9 O' {3 B, z- xinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
- ^/ K/ c' W" E6 p) l/* read result of initialization */
- O1 Z" {' O' g$ _9 g6 F0 serrorcode = graphresult(); ' j) D2 q5 S3 {$ y4 ]; }
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
' h6 C$ ?, Y5 r/ Q{ ; B: V* q; ~ X' _- W9 [$ A
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
+ H- f6 l2 H9 [" k; M& Wprintf("Press any key to halt:");
2 h- c! x6 ], ]1 ], X! _getch();
6 _6 G% P; `& v- ~ ]! ^5 w) oexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 7 j6 L! ~/ v F4 Z, p
} 
2 v; I: j" y2 ^midx = getmaxx() / 2; ) Y" {8 [) @) i& H" B( C! e+ Y
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
: A4 j/ I- x& T& I. f; G6 s$ Ssettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 4 X0 C9 S; K5 b# a: u( V8 M
/* loop through the available text styles */
; |& n; W( w% s/ ?for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) & @0 O- O# z `$ R5 y* Q
{
5 W1 X. ^' ?4 x! p# Tcleardevice();
& g- [3 T2 O0 E1 s$ wif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
size = 4; 
, J) Q- ]+ s) c( ]1 {9 K P$ n/* select the text style */ ]2 M6 s$ f; b4 s2 x1 W& i
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
& {0 v/ Z7 b1 L; X/* output a message */
7 q# [3 Z1 o, youttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 9 @: }3 S7 Q2 E( w; g+ C
getch(); 2 K% U- _! R. {9 t9 T: H* @
} 
: K* Q+ _0 N5 h0 a9 S. \: u2 [/* clean up */
: y! }6 s- ^; @0 r7 Yclosegraph(); 7 q. v( j! k2 I: v0 [
return 0;
& z/ B4 \! ?3 A" e0 R} ( X N x4 ^4 v4 U7 A7 O4 {1 P$ j3 J

2 q- i& l" K5 g
3 }! }$ @- _" a/ h, Z: d函数名: settextstyle 
8 }" N3 @- \# D' ?6 ?. J# D% i功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 " E6 Y- R% r$ _5 K" [% I" U3 N
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); * c8 t- Q. w' T4 m1 v- X- O
程序例: ' `' y; h7 s( R% ?$ w+ H, A6 b
#include <GRAPHICS.H>/ y; _8 g2 j& n# c3 _2 }6 \* C; t
#include <STDLIB.H>
: ^& p' i$ O0 {9 Q1 b8 d( v#include <STDIO.H>' o* `0 |/ r: ?/ H6 x
#include <CONIO.H>
4 B, ], B" y# z% B# K" s! ~/* the names of the text styles supported */
% Y9 H3 F0 x7 H( F; e5 Y& |char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
8 N ]' b6 D4 A5 k% |, x"TRIPLEX font", V3 A) N2 d* T X
"SMALL font", / G) m. c8 n: k4 z' d; N
"SANS SERIF font", - l5 u7 k8 T J0 Y6 a
"GOTHIC font" 9 }7 Z% \7 q0 v" V9 H& r3 w
}; 
 C" Y% Y7 _7 ~2 lint main(void)
{
+ N( h+ h w* q E' Z/ u! q, s/* request auto detection */ & P/ }9 [( m, O
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
. |8 R* ]2 t3 Qint style, midx, midy;
$ Q s r$ _$ M9 r& J- z+ S3 p9 pint size = 1; 
6 |& e. |& g# k/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 0 z' _( ~6 E& U- u# t) m; p k
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 r1 G; _+ `8 X9 M$ J @
/* read result of initialization */ 7 N) @2 }2 R# E- i, H) T5 W
errorcode = graphresult();
+ i5 X5 P& @% ~2 f P6 M) x5 Nif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
8 l$ e$ P" I0 W+ ?{
# n; C0 X' L0 I8 N, \* zprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
& a, ?' v: w3 r9 t9 Oprintf("Press any key to halt:");
8 f2 r: C- m. c- m8 Egetch(); ( H1 O8 a1 v8 ]$ [7 w8 T5 @
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
6 J! l, \. N* G# f6 R, o} . }6 Z. R- \, P: u, l/ I
midx = getmaxx() / 2; ! [& W$ g; Y& Q* K
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ! ?* S( V2 D- x% }5 }$ N5 Z
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
# R& ~- ^% g- k# x: B/* loop through the available text styles */ 1 m! e& o* a. F* I8 F J" T
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) 7 \: @* i e- E! H7 |+ w
{
( e9 c4 R% `& \& D: _. O6 t! Ycleardevice(); ) v, n6 V( C/ _2 K* W: N
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) 0 o" J" n- h& X
size = 4; 
- w9 C' C' S: @$ {+ ?, I0 j/* select the text style */ & c6 n/ n: V) L' X) p- L/ ?6 C( y
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 3 E/ `( ]1 |. I6 y' B; c, Q
/* output a message */ ' s3 A- o+ V5 X4 h: N! I1 K( Q
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 3 v% ^ K/ @0 d5 z+ x* _ a
getch(); ' `# f& ~8 @( G
} 
% \. ?! i" m# v, v. @6 t/* clean up */
% w" Y Y8 t0 \0 p$ Uclosegraph();
; {0 Z5 c! l, wreturn 0;
3 q! _, v% f/ x; v% F} . {; v- N ?, ?) k$ Z) W+ |3 A
' k. X% i2 Y* m4 J
# a, n3 a; n$ v
函数名: settime 3 @2 T" G3 S; X$ B! R- w6 w2 X
功能: 设置系统时间 + R% i; Z6 J! C9 q# P. C& T
用法: void settime(struct time *timep); 7 _) m( i: ^! E% U
程序例: 
* f1 Y# M' _# W7 Q#include <STDIO.H>" L* K" w1 A7 L7 C) e% p
#include <DOS.H>" n \: O6 I& H+ m: Y/ B" }2 z
int main(void) 3 b* q0 x) J2 c) M0 L* \
{
" b- v4 }1 { I- {. V4 _struct time t; 9 m, i7 s4 x& \3 ?, I# @3 \1 F
gettime(&t); % R0 J( h: u$ M4 g, a, K' j0 [( y
printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); . h& a: V, j. l: r
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
- e0 f! z% t0 X# Q: yprintf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund);
/ b! a; o7 B/ V5 gprintf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 3 @7 M8 L2 o0 H. G1 D% k1 |0 ^
/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */ : a. ~( [8 Z. V" u% m( J, X
t.ti_min++; - F$ C0 d1 Q: I7 p* D1 q' I% R
settime(&t); : ]+ b4 h; f) s
return 0; - s# C1 \6 r5 c' s* J
} 
9 V0 I9 V, }/ ?$ F! Q y9 e
$ H1 L$ `3 P: V. _# B% d- U
2 T+ J7 W; E% J1 Y$ {) ?函数名: setusercharsize ) ?( D$ D3 r! H) d5 A. D5 T
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
 y1 ?+ C2 w6 \: ]用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); 5 b$ X- s- p; D |" a( F
程序例: 
2 V/ Z2 u V* c- E0 J$ h#include <GRAPHICS.H>
: ^7 |7 v/ J* E" c9 W) T F$ |#include <STDLIB.H>
/ [* J% ^+ I6 L#include <STDIO.H>
% g4 {2 p$ Q. d& h+ G9 e9 m- }/ s#include <CONIO.H>0 n: [6 q8 S m* \- N: P3 V
int main(void) 4 G3 \" o% R m* c
{ , P! K( [8 ]6 v
/* request autodetection */ * O% b! q$ f* u3 i& a" _
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; " [5 v0 _0 H2 ^2 p0 r& }
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
( D1 E+ Z1 z* ainitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); , ?! b+ d1 e: P% R
/* read result of initialization */
, H. j H/ m( D" q- D! ?! Gerrorcode = graphresult();
& X4 }; [7 J% V9 e2 ~: qif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
# v w4 y- T+ ~' V& i9 ^' @{
% ]2 s) Z- i0 Uprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); + r5 ^5 ?3 ~" ~# p3 o9 F0 J6 |
printf("Press any key to halt:"); : |4 O$ F6 [, Z$ N
getch();
# e) ?/ R- C/ p' w& o. eexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
0 J8 t1 q4 }, o {' z} $ z& K$ [1 P/ |, l3 z5 C! k; A
/* select a text style */ 7 K x* L( M5 N( R( `
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
- E1 v; Z$ _7 ^* Y/* move to the text starting position */
& D$ [& ~1 A0 Y6 E6 \- E; hmoveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); / e* p& y, b7 u4 D
/* output some normal text */
& L; D6 w4 _1 q7 F* Douttext("Norm "); # ~* u4 d( ?* G- e3 m1 ?, D
/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */ . W$ M- J- c4 n' J7 m
setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); % o! Y* d) G; }. l
outtext("Short "); $ f- n7 Z3 w. u: ~1 |5 J3 ]
/* make the text 3 times normal width */
3 H7 W: q9 c: _setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1); 5 x' z$ y0 \7 p5 N0 w! c ^
outtext("Wide"); 
0 l: y6 I4 z. o/* clean up */
4 O* U- K. W$ i- M8 s1 L ~- m1 igetch();
7 z+ q$ _! |, a5 }7 l! @closegraph(); 3 h' E+ n0 J' K9 ~' k5 H' ?! y9 H
return 0;
4 l8 R/ s3 a. \- [% a} 
& h! d' P# o8 H7 s' `& G
2 \& m. F1 u1 _$ V函数名: setvbuf 8 V6 e) \+ O' m
功能: 把缓冲区与流相关 7 Z5 m$ \5 ~8 E( @9 T9 }
用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size); . i5 a y5 d7 ?% N4 w2 `
程序例: 
5 k$ @4 q1 N0 S Q#include <STDIO.H>& A4 p6 C( J1 T5 X$ o, {- I
int main(void) & a$ r }2 v) S" G$ T
{
; N; v: L# q% P% `FILE *input, *output;
4 A& a3 Z6 N' Q1 U. l, P2 Jchar bufr[512]; & a2 [4 }( ]" q/ L9 z9 v3 ?9 E
input = fopen("file.in", "r+b");
$ `- S! S3 q9 `6 j) D9 i9 a& q ?output = fopen("file.out", "w"); ' k7 ^- w: Y( B. [; M
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
/ W' y- h" p$ Z+ Y, ~using our own character buffer */ ' D- r" C4 `7 V6 h; S
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
, K! J3 ]* O7 K- y+ gprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n"); . p+ I2 M, o9 K& D
else
/ S) O# a4 B& ~2 a+ _7 Z- wprintf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 7 v: E0 x ?8 i$ K5 e. h
/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
& }7 C. z: Y# B% dwill be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
( \) o3 @! L) h aif (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0)
" R% m, j" x' t- B, P; `printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n");
5 U; W$ F6 E Aelse
( P' t* a# D. Gprintf("buffer set up for output file\n"); % V: e1 y! w, R: a% q3 u8 H
/* perform file I/O here */ 
7 s) P; I+ t$ M5 d7 y/* close files */ / D- |" I9 W' f3 C$ Z. r6 K+ |
fclose(input); # W% Z7 u3 U5 w: t4 P0 L; w
fclose(output);
* x1 ]: |+ f8 q+ ereturn 0;
$ j, R) [2 ~1 W, K9 ~} 5 k) I) V+ R3 M+ r5 S' K
# z7 r/ C k, M
" O d0 b* K P( {# I, r
; z, r* l) d% M6 B
函数名: setvect 
' p H% p% o% Z# i' H功能: 设置中断矢量入口
: v1 d9 Y6 `2 L# S, I用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
3 Y. C# R) R8 a/ y N: ]& \* K程序例: 
) e, |0 N d- A( n/***NOTE: ! X' O! o+ V4 k/ a2 _4 B
This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this
3 h9 F) M( \1 N! [( A5 Gprogram with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable $ A" v% X% Q* [0 D6 w; K
file which will operate correctly. */ 8 ^# @: v+ S8 |# M: g9 D. a
#include <STDIO.H>" ?8 m$ u" r" W2 r: x4 B
#include <DOS.H>
! Z6 a0 L$ W0 G#include <CONIO.H>. F( f2 a* w3 c8 S4 o4 F
#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ 
/ E9 n; @* B8 X' j2 `4 evoid interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); 
9 U) a: G9 a2 w( Lint count=0; 
, d; `9 ]* g0 Y- z; tvoid interrupt handler(void)
( g- T4 ?/ J, l' @7 i6 S{ ! ]# Q8 F6 z$ ~+ L; U$ X
/* increase the global counter */
8 X4 C4 h2 d5 i) K2 icount++; 
3 d$ G5 L$ s& L/* call the old routine */ " ]) K+ ~! {9 T8 v/ {$ f5 m& p& H
oldhandler(); 4 ?2 `7 |7 `% q3 }% G; F. D
} 6 s* u9 E1 f+ ^- d9 G
int main(void) - ]5 B, M) `/ Y: D+ y
{
) g# P v7 ?# | o1 ~/* save the old interrupt vector */ $ I) C+ r+ N9 N
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); 
, z K7 M/ M3 z" `. |/* install the new interrupt handler */ # K5 Z6 {& w3 @0 e! N) q, C. P
setvect(INTR, handler); 
' I0 j0 N# J$ }5 m9 {/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
0 d' i, O. Q) x( s- [" pwhile (count < 20)
4 H0 s2 P+ y: R( Q7 e+ sprintf("count is %d\n",count); 
" `6 c" q! Z) f+ r5 m6 S& E/* reset the old interrupt handler */ ; z$ W7 g! f, L$ k
setvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
# q- I) ]" f9 U$ d" S7 Y( Areturn 0; 8 u6 q7 y1 A1 W+ g$ B) S
}
+ ` N4 N9 I$ ?( k1 D; W( M, P- U+ V4 ^
# ~0 _1 e; n# @( {
函数名: setverify 
* W8 {2 p- u6 F* m功能: 设置验证状态 9 y! a& v( q) D' _; X3 X
用法: void setverify(int value);
' t: [4 K4 X* H4 ` p程序例: * E W2 X: h, s
#include <STDIO.H>$ i% D: h% o# ~5 ?4 P
#include <CONIO.H>
' V; P; Z/ I) R @+ \$ l# V#include <DOS.H>* r6 \1 d' z3 K4 P. `2 F3 R
int main(void)
7 ~4 K/ K8 j& o+ ~, c9 n+ s{ % G$ P% h$ W" D0 h: P
int verify_flag; 
* h2 w0 v" |/ I# X; aprintf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n"); 2 W5 R' J1 A) W
printf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); % V0 g: D3 {; p% u; [5 K
verify_flag = getch() - 0; 
/ `- i4 ]% W9 C6 l8 tsetverify(verify_flag); 
/ \6 [. j5 t+ K7 gif (getverify())
8 L9 j- [1 E8 J" f5 Kprintf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); ) ?* c Y% M* J ^
else
4 r- C9 H | v5 n8 mprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); # |' u( s+ B: G" d) R
return 0; 5 B) |9 C% s9 @' J- U' Z. F
}
& w* s2 |9 I( V- {( Z$ [6 i; h3 D5 w
+ N2 }+ q# C; J7 N7 Z9 N! e+ |3 p$ f0 r: Q5 G) @# }3 V- Q" e$ a
函数名: setviewport ) O3 {* k0 l1 Z% o" R a9 e
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口
7 G t9 u: i8 B' x用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right, $ I4 M* ?9 z& ^$ `
int bottom, int clipflag); ! K. V+ A- P& U% c3 D7 U' e
程序例: 
; V% K* k# S' m' z3 k' _) K#include <GRAPHICS.H>
0 b/ ^ O. t9 e' C#include <STDLIB.H>
7 t* B. [* T7 l" s1 U8 u#include <STDIO.H>7 J3 v% o% W. d* @2 g" e. u# K
#include <CONIO.H>$ m& ]4 m$ |6 q6 l
#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ " m* j8 m( A7 V- L5 F5 _3 c6 o
int main(void)
2 G$ {& ]5 O4 X: I{
: w0 H- y6 _; b; B4 o r% b8 z/* request auto detection */
: ^- B3 O( q* ^" c7 N& Y( @* sint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
7 t, b- ~) r: K/* initialize graphics and local variables */ + O4 g: K7 K$ w8 ?
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); " e) Q" j, S. F, p& T! R* U
/* read result of initialization */ 0 Z R c8 t4 T: X6 a
errorcode = graphresult(); * I: h4 ]2 G+ r( i- k
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
: O+ f& _8 g: f; X6 s! Z" zprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
, Y6 O4 z$ O0 J0 K0 K" t# L& {printf("Press any key to halt:"); 5 e4 g3 s- u3 D. c5 z5 j
getch();
3 n6 M' ^- i5 e0 {" L; Lexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
* ~0 K+ m0 t$ `% A1 A" _} $ @- e* X- ]( K9 o* `/ p
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 7 v4 ^% p. _. @% t3 T
/* message in default full-screen viewport */
- A# i8 h; o: J, a2 n- o1 T: Eouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
- T; Z1 O E4 d/* create a smaller viewport */ / m* I6 d5 r! O7 A( A
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
2 T1 ^) f9 _9 C, w, J/* display some text */
6 n# P P; j+ i0 q5 F' I" f# x3 Touttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); # q* b4 m# |8 ?7 A, F* }
/* clean up */ h/ x0 P7 j2 B/ B* q( C0 M
getch(); / O; b* N: z7 X/ K# _8 q
closegraph(); 8 }7 l+ R k+ l- I$ B& v
return 0; ) Y; [0 Y# C/ G' I9 z% P$ i
} , {- Y0 U3 ]; d3 x
& N" f8 P ~, r6 I( K

6 q6 D; Y( i8 B! }# u- m' J函数名: setvisualpage 3 P( \0 [2 Q* f5 l% h
功能: 设置可见图形页号 & C1 u# v: T& b9 ^% k7 ]
用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); & |5 C$ F0 A: z( l( v0 N2 e
程序例: 0 J% J o0 Y v* @. c" M( Z# V
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
3 r' j8 V9 d, t- T3 e1 O/ {#include <STDLIB.H>
$ Q. t% h$ \% ]# ~#include <STDIO.H>
: f+ s8 H' o9 ]5 T#include <CONIO.H>( z2 d. w' r! ?7 @
int main(void) ) H4 v5 e3 u c6 R* y0 ^7 H
{
 X8 h& z$ m. m6 m2 f) A: o/* select a driver and mode that supports */
& ?; j5 B1 Q" @3 J- {, W/* multiple pages. */
; h1 t3 l( F: j3 R! sint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode; ) ], v2 T7 m0 k+ H( f
int x, y, ht; 
# _( e- _/ H/ e7 J! \/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 5 C" d9 g+ K8 g* K& n8 `, L
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); u1 }& R3 g n; d1 M* V9 W
/* read result of initialization */
$ x' V+ _; N5 `2 w) y3 Terrorcode = graphresult(); 9 @$ z8 z) y! Z; l# {
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ " ^: l' S0 j- G) \( f' g- A
{
2 O" E) o& a. r7 eprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
' d/ q! I! A( w& S& r% J5 Zprintf("Press any key to halt:");
4 {0 D' ^! C# s3 R0 v" ggetch();
: h5 T& C+ C/ T4 j, @: e. w `exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
9 r% M: \! z) O( W} / _ x. w! r, k+ {3 `5 W! [! n
x = getmaxx() / 2; 6 t/ h) Q4 P; |$ f |8 w
y = getmaxy() / 2;
; F5 g7 i8 Z7 i" V4 Oht = textheight("W"); b) C F, b$ v! Y' c9 F+ [7 z
/* select the off screen page for drawing */ ) ~4 _9 D& Q& F2 N
setactivepage(1); 
. }- ]" ~$ i, O6 r7 W# A( g/* draw a line on page #1 */
; e! q, Z2 |% ?- Lline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); - O1 U" H1 P+ D' j5 W) W: n
/* output a message on page #1 */
$ A. F( x( X% u: @settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
 K' b# ~' s2 H9 ~+ X( r2 Bouttextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:"); 8 D2 _; k4 _. C. Z' B7 c$ h
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
+ C! ^' P% `$ q+ i& N w& f, H/* select drawing to page #0 */ , h1 B* @* q* e1 t h1 T* n3 L
setactivepage(0); 
7 Z3 ?) }% }& C3 m }/* output a message on page #0 */ + o, @4 d# F1 R9 o0 A( w o
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); ( J' Q+ ]+ {2 @ X* g9 h
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
9 W, @3 V5 b' p7 ^. L# X8 K- Ggetch(); 
$ P3 u0 _7 i$ a- J/* select page #1 as the visible page */
( I( e+ Q/ X. |" \; isetvisualpage(1); 9 r" h) {1 a" c [
/* clean up */ 0 L* d' j6 L3 Y! U
getch(); & m" |! j# U% k
closegraph(); 0 l8 V3 q# p0 r' t5 [
return 0; ! |8 i* F& e7 A; v( P9 J% g$ `" e' q
} ! ~8 |3 A% r g6 C! U

 m9 i9 ]" P2 n, k8 R$ N; u* X6 C* M9 Q) A' S7 N
函数名: setwritemode 
8 g) w( {* ?# S% O8 P功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式
; P9 y* s1 q# e L用法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
+ `$ d" b) D4 I- W$ ?4 h程序例: 0 U' L' K* b9 X. p( M- r
#include <GRAPHICS.H>& _. F0 I+ F+ o; s6 a
#include <STDLIB.H>
0 L1 w" i) u( {, m0 Q- O#include <STDIO.H>- Y' @& c- Y# m _3 k* |
#include <CONIO.H>
9 g7 l; G0 L7 A8 Q5 ?) ?% Y) jint main() 2 w$ A' I) @" B
{ 7 e) N, g& g9 u* S. g, @7 B# {* c
/* request auto detection */
, e; [1 g" \# A- o- aint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; % M l3 G$ C6 O9 F& ?) j: N' \
int xmax, ymax; 
+ D+ F, _: z# S* r- n3 i/* initialize graphics and local variables */
, o6 B! e2 N; H+ O' x! winitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 4 F: u5 B7 z2 E1 k! t6 W. B# t4 F
/* read result of initialization */ 7 q/ o7 F$ _0 X: `5 g
errorcode = graphresult();
1 Z' b6 H/ g, U: y! U% }* ~if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
5 H' l. I& h5 n# E5 A4 O; [0 x d{ ; Q% w6 n$ s6 T/ Y. ], C
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
! j% l) S# ?/ l+ M% {( dprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ) F% x* [5 I4 a3 ^: F
getch();
 w5 Q0 P7 G1 S) k" ^) t5 Rexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
+ n2 V; J& A# t9 b% ]3 X} 
' x: M! V7 S8 _7 o; \, Gxmax = getmaxx();
7 M9 o1 y0 B D. r. i" zymax = getmaxy(); 
* P. X9 _+ ?5 Y3 q% g/ M: X/* select XOR drawing mode */
 \/ {6 k3 W& Hsetwritemode(XOR_PUT); 
( l# t/ {% }9 y$ U8 i$ |/* draw a line */
6 ?! q/ C6 F: L3 t/ X: ~line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
; P, t9 w9 T/ l" L) }! fgetch(); 
3 K4 L4 f- {. ?2 _/* erase the line by drawing over it */ 7 s. u5 x& {- R
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
0 t1 q$ O3 y, ]* ~6 h) ~5 z5 `" Ugetch(); ) c( x+ F9 }9 M0 I
/* select overwrite drawing mode */ 1 s0 i5 v- b) {
setwritemode(COPY_PUT); # B. `3 ^6 [6 A- w+ A" P# q
/* draw a line */
0 b+ P# n" V+ Z# e0 |. fline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); # L* p! _) c$ f m r
/* clean up */ ; b2 \$ q& n' N5 C0 O
getch();
. h- S, w0 W* _( v- z+ G9 pclosegraph(); ; D7 r. H) _1 P. Q8 V
return 0; 4 {' Y; @) R! p }8 A4 B/ x
}
7 h1 H, ^. T8 F+ p! u) I6 Z' L+ a. s

7 `" S, V) s7 u函数名: signal
5 P6 I6 J$ b8 g功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作
 E9 X/ O; l% N! l$ I2 I& r用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname); 4 \9 B# a8 g" Z% t$ F2 @& q9 q
程序例: $ I9 K1 ^6 O/ H* b
/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE,
$ K; f. b0 c& m8 u4 ~6 h$ Wcatches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
7 L$ \- k5 [. Tto AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause
! G0 @5 S6 Y1 r+ b) a8 }0 J, O+ k1 ]2 }your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors " S& i* a4 z4 P" ?: f x
depending on which memory model is used. 6 x0 E7 T% t6 s( q
*/ 
( G3 a3 S5 V; _& f% j# k#pragma inline . k9 c' P3 [5 Y
#include <STDIO.H>
1 E& V$ v' ]' {9 P) F1 Q#include <SIGNAL.H>8 z1 Q6 O" Y1 F6 `
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
0 Q" w, S- y$ f9 e% a{
1 g* x* ]! ^; ^7 R! F, }. Xprintf("Caught it!\n");
0 }/ b0 m6 a( \4 p2 Q*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */ , O" L$ }9 C+ J" R( E
} , @& z M- A$ Q
int main(void)
( `9 m/ d2 H& o& j% q5 S6 w. J3 x{ % s: U/ B2 K' X* c1 m. }
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
& {3 L( E7 v% _! m% H* A- ^asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
7 M& D k$ L* |) x3 y: ]asm inc ax /* cause overflow */
6 |+ f K2 y' I5 G$ E+ X; D& Lasm into /* activate handler */ 
. h* i. N. |) A/ r3 |/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened,
9 k+ ]5 |' d% Q" Sthere would have been another exception when the next 'into'
8 _' ^, c2 Q! z0 a, d/ fwas executed after the 'dec' instruction. */
& A5 h1 d: D! R9 v) K& b& oasm dec ax /* no overflow now */
$ Y4 a1 C& R1 l- Lasm into /* doesn't activate */ ) V( |" e- p6 I* T/ D* G
return 0; 3 K. b/ b- Y- M% W% a
}
 z& w" o' v/ N/ A; |+ V, l( Z+ w" e# \! w+ o
8 H4 v# E6 i6 c9 V# ~: X
" b- Q' M# f6 a* g0 I3 E3 w: P
函数名: sin . Z* K$ _7 O1 ~( ?# z3 V$ f3 A
功能: 正弦函数
7 f% R0 L6 j+ ^5 O6 e: m, O' }用法: double sin(double x); & k, s' |3 N0 d9 C4 l
程序例: 
! Z, i& d. k, }1 z/ M. S; h E# T7 Q#include <STDIO.H>
8 x) |7 V; w+ P. U. s7 s#include <MATH.H> ^; Y' X$ [$ ]3 ]
int main(void)
# r9 i% D( `' ^! X+ u# r) M{
) A' J, H( \% Zdouble result, x = 0.5; 
: }+ n( I: e: W3 oresult = sin(x);
6 K- a7 t* `( o+ iprintf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
* k* B- O: z: t- }, yreturn 0; $ W" B0 g" f/ F& N
} ) M6 z& J- T. p" Q
6 g2 v- B7 F& `; @) J" n: K7 e8 R
; V" K9 h; {; \# ^( L N
函数名: sinh 
5 W0 I( f8 p8 a8 D5 u4 w; N功能: 双曲正弦函数
. i& G4 _# a: }3 c1 M用法: double sinh(double x); 3 L7 P! \8 z* z5 H2 Y
程序例: 
4 w5 P. f# W7 K+ F) ?+ l#include <STDIO.H>
- k# o; d/ ?( Z, O, B#include <MATH.H>
1 T/ T+ }: P# R- G7 ]int main(void)
( }4 ^0 S- l+ i/ k1 P! g) H{ " L" b" p8 e. q7 V6 r
double result, x = 0.5; 
) f7 E& ~5 Y9 I" t( h# I9 Sresult = sinh(x); 5 @' o6 u8 q6 ?6 P3 f/ T* }6 t
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
( y/ [/ B. ?# I( Ureturn 0; ! s$ w+ ~5 g9 ]; W$ f
} 0 K! m* `$ o: s" r; T1 ^: x
' ?+ i) [+ D3 C
, d) ?) H; f) a! |
0 N5 D% F) t( u* O8 S
函数名: sleep 
2 x, t5 c/ j0 _1 ^+ j' m' t' _$ e功能: 执行挂起一段时间
4 \& N# A# b& y- e* [' r3 Q* a用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds); % D6 D2 Z! K# [! n1 N) s
程序例: 
+ ^2 f. o$ d6 U0 O8 v#include <DOS.H>0 H. h- C6 C3 c0 E: A
#include <STDIO.H>
. A+ i. `. m8 s) U5 E! q z& hint main(void)
3 [# b- b# T9 |5 l5 G! \{ : }8 @4 Q$ u4 t; J$ k5 M) t, w
int i; . m6 K$ R1 e. i
for (i=1; i<5; i++) V7 h: A% Y' A5 y& Q3 a$ @
{ 4 G5 Y( d' k; ^. q8 p+ a( y2 Y$ ]) x
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); . a [3 W' Y# T2 [! I
sleep(i);
$ ?" T. o0 G1 a P* x* _/ |} / ]3 Z1 y& m8 j, D! u( T2 }
return 0;
5 c8 T& y9 i; g2 K: j& H4 _}
8 ^' ^/ s, A9 J# q0 L) V$ X& Z
. d4 w$ i0 x: s2 a& B3 c( H9 O! R! D; y5 E
6 v" B: J. U, j) `* m) c
函数名: sopen - S. b- \$ D7 V) M, y+ S
功能: 打开一共享文件
0 `. K! G/ l% i- n/ \9 Q$ Q用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
. ^% G6 ?7 v1 K) c& M! W程序例: 
) v7 d' e( n- m# e#include <IO.H>1 ^& J) x9 J( f5 P
#include <FCNTL.H>, [* r: i- x7 Z2 a$ ]4 i
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
3 T$ P/ v4 G; ~8 \% F( {4 o4 H' t* O#include <PROCESS.H>
$ _0 B9 F2 ^) ^* A$ g: P#include <SHARE.H>
, m u Y( i) ^' T1 Y0 ^#include <STDIO.H>* s/ X2 ^% l2 o2 n+ I5 U% K b4 J
int main(void) 4 x' c3 Z; j3 T
{ - Y* y: y/ g: ]0 A
int handle;
1 J7 M6 E8 N6 ?. Y M7 }int status; : f( K$ R2 D$ u. Q+ A
handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); 
4 n' ]; G$ b* i2 V0 M: [if (!handle) % d, s0 G' ?# M) x; E" o% i/ x
{
) F) c4 I$ M. aprintf("sopen failed\n");
: }+ r. @; |3 c- q" S! kexit(1);
# N. P. L0 |2 \} ! f7 s4 N; Q, Q6 S
status = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
: `9 U( Z" A( iif (status == 0)
8 q0 o2 z I% [( t9 l$ qprintf("read/write access allowed\n"); v2 J* S" c/ k: ]
else ; w$ C& l1 r, n2 _
printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 6 Z; S5 D9 K1 i3 \& |0 r* X& b
close(handle); 5 i) Z. ^" F6 R
return 0;
$ I! Q: l$ d, K# w/ G* ]- b! {0 `} ( a, ?% ^% c: k" d5 [6 f- f
9 j+ c5 b L4 Y8 F2 Z8 @

- N! s( K' q" w2 l& r& h
7 Y& S0 a2 c9 W3 V函数名: sound 
' L) W. h2 y# ~+ T* A功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器 ' D5 M2 d) y1 X) Q6 `% L7 M
用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
9 r3 {( s' r7 I1 h5 n2 r, l4 s& N程序例: % Y5 J* q9 V1 q) K; O3 a7 N
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. 6 k. T! x+ M! u- U
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */
6 c: D: W/ A" L& P#include <DOS.H>
: u4 T% o2 h7 @" `1 M5 @int main(void)
- o1 w% q- y/ P$ f/ o9 g6 j% n" ~{
; a/ O; A- L/ z: osound(7); * s7 N# ~) Q7 y9 j# b
delay(10000); ! ?" a6 s9 P9 c; M- Q
nosound();
! i1 B! |3 q) G9 o. ireturn 0; 3 C3 b x0 e+ P
} 3 y) Q" D. D/ X9 Y Z! F5 a- J
* v% A6 j: Q: m1 `, C% n8 w1 t0 ?
' h0 d9 K, i$ m

5 m8 u8 M8 P0 \% a3 S' `函数名: spawnl 6 C$ O6 ]) }! V l
功能: 创建并运行子程序 6 N7 u! N7 i5 M
用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
3 [6 w, U& s3 O" h5 Marg1, ... argn, NULL);
) M, P, g. {, G程序例: 
! {; ?' u& U. K7 ?( l% D#include <PROCESS.H>' k* y3 w' [; ~
#include <STDIO.H>( ~2 p- L* q4 l. U5 O) a
#include <CONIO.H>6 N, _+ P) @) c! w) O3 q
int main(void)
) ~3 R8 @% \) O. x{ & R6 u1 f$ Z6 I
int result; & U; U+ q7 s% S1 Z4 N/ `2 l7 H/ Z
clrscr(); - K& Z% H* T- I4 ?+ W$ g$ T% x
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL);
5 M* a1 n- T# g! D6 F4 D9 fif (result == -1)
( U) ~! d' z8 o0 ]8 w{ " q* H/ D9 h& L/ z
perror("Error from spawnl"); 2 }# K# w% v" h+ I% y# s, g' \. b0 ]
exit(1);
& T3 f) k4 q2 H& w5 b% m7 U}
8 k" X% x5 X6 R. b+ ereturn 0; 4 M0 L+ G3 W, k$ e" N/ I
}
6 S$ F' ]; x% E0 }" G$ V7 }- G& q# S6 j% w

8 N8 G5 F* }# T6 A0 R8 P+ D' X; j# `函数名: spawnle 3 {$ H: X; d: @2 f. a z
功能: 创建并运行子程序
, M3 s, c! I2 e+ @% i* s% l用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
- p6 I7 R0 x) D% m( s$ Y* F! jarg1,..., argn, NULL);
 H e3 T7 j8 n9 B9 W* m程序例: & {/ \5 b0 t( ~, ~4 G( C' H M8 N
/* spawnle() example */ 9 m% Z) x7 h2 O! n, }
#include <PROCESS.H>
& A% l! h% H3 ^1 b#include <STDIO.H>
 n- E. c6 @$ |3 W, |8 {9 r#include <CONIO.H>8 C9 j7 f+ q3 y
int main(void)
9 {( m" t$ v- ~$ b Z0 p{
; Z2 u% r6 m J0 U$ v3 e( z3 dint result; + A: `: ^( p4 u |
clrscr(); 0 Y6 V \) x- ?* d. ]
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); ! F2 T/ p; t$ F% U- J
if (result == -1) $ |# E$ r) Z. u' \9 m9 `2 q+ O5 i
{
) V( o* L4 o$ m, r: v6 O) jperror("Error from spawnle"); * {: \$ f1 k( i5 |: m
exit(1);
. |, s* y3 e) q" d} ) L) ]$ h# _4 D: E% @
return 0; 5 i6 I" G0 j( b! {! J) M! \' m% A
}
2 K% D& N8 R1 z1 K- `$ y. q
0 a( c) \3 u+ I
1 p8 P3 e9 W7 i+ w
- d. r3 V. S9 [0 v5 T函数名: sprintf 
! g: j8 N, W" q+ v( L/ t9 K; x功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 0 \1 n% l2 ~8 f$ U# W* X$ X
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]);
6 \- S, X0 F& D/ v程序例: 
: l6 w3 C& @; V v- s! t/ g#include <STDIO.H>
( N4 E* N, ] s4 M) `; k#include <MATH.H>
, E) ^, _; b% T3 [int main(void)
2 y7 _5 ^7 l% n( |2 W{
/ \& C. @$ y* X/ c# L3 Tchar buffer[80]; 
( D5 ^3 ~ \" r0 Csprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
) L" O9 u' e) |puts(buffer);
, n( T" m; L( f. n1 M# P {3 qreturn 0;
# ?% O8 a* z) Z}
3 v' V$ t( {1 F+ f( v( }* @3 T( ^3 h& _3 e4 _
 f4 L6 ~: @& V" I
函数名: sqrt 
( p" W" L9 |) r" \% r/ E功能: 计算平方根
7 S9 o* b3 s9 g) J4 [ }用法: double sqrt(double x);
/ X! P8 l$ w! T程序例: 
0 Y$ n @5 j7 Q! @0 |7 O#include <MATH.H>8 v p) l6 A# x3 u
#include <STDIO.H>
2 R. |& }, L7 A$ K2 n5 Jint main(void)
- U5 D* `" z @! f{
) j8 m6 q- L5 F% x3 ?- F( Xdouble x = 4.0, result; 5 k0 B! ]$ \, j9 a) E; {
result = sqrt(x);
3 J% {1 N! H' J# U2 X. _printf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
1 H7 ?8 y& r. }" Wreturn 0; 2 {" o7 W: H% [
}
; n E: g6 f# n1 ]3 q5 n" q/ W) l9 E6 }. ~5 _5 F$ }
函数名: srand 
8 u0 M3 O; G4 N2 }功能: 初始化随机数发生器 . C A3 k* V2 \, Z0 N( ]) _
用法: void srand(unsigned seed); , @; B. ^9 P0 |5 i8 |
程序例: % ~9 y2 e% K* {' J
#include <STDLIB.H>
: C/ ~* y5 Y9 E6 }9 q#include <STDIO.H>
; K" a1 X1 t7 j) [4 A/ b% C- H2 f#include <TIME.H>
 m2 ]2 i" Q k @6 q$ Cint main(void) 2 X& u6 j* ^! d, `8 T2 P: z
{ ) v3 |2 T- l, u0 g2 j# n
int i; . c3 J6 g7 w# s6 H# I( \* R+ t
time_t t; . C6 M# f; `+ S! o: f0 ^
srand((unsigned) time(&t)); ) w0 U: @6 Q# L' ?8 ?
printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
9 k0 v. g! \+ w( p4 H( T( f# I. @for(i=0; i<10; i++) . g p7 ^8 S! Y
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100); % E) k K& J2 `' J
return 0; 4 g- R& O% ^: K. X
} 2 O- b- ~1 {3 j8 W
; h; Q8 q* k0 T: W3 e5 v5 A* M

7 G; c( k# R8 B6 g+ y% `, D函数名: sscanf 
0 ^/ D$ K0 G. T功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
0 @8 e% `" T9 E; E, G: u; \8 L! R5 a用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]); & J* i; [ o7 n! h7 W" T; P
程序例: 
9 M6 ]0 c; A( T& n: e8 ^" D#include <STDIO.H>
+ Y) w+ _4 t4 y' [! X#include <CONIO.H>
% J9 |% Q0 x' F$ Q& m0 k, ~7 @! eint main(void) - R6 e: ] b- b7 t. U* q7 v' v
{
* T% {# y- x: Z5 u1 Q9 u" X% W( d9 cchar label[20];
. O9 b+ e. q1 @' M6 `$ s+ Ychar name[20]; - Q V" \3 F( `2 d z" l
int entries = 0;
+ u0 O) `6 F" G2 U3 |0 S" Aint loop, age;
1 i, Q+ [/ A: ~/ A# @; t1 xdouble salary; 
! y* e( r4 K( X% sstruct Entry_struct * B# n8 Y2 G* c* ?. T! g/ ^# e9 ^
{
& z ^, A% |- nchar name[20]; ) ~! T: @& L7 C" L S; ~
int age;
2 u. m( s( S8 v: E1 T) K! Ofloat salary; + _* L1 F' F* Y
} entry[20]; & ?2 ~ O& j/ K0 ?0 Z
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */ 7 q" g. Q, u; \( y# ~0 N/ f% }8 f
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: "); . D+ V& |0 N6 E# s6 `4 y
scanf("%20s", label); 6 o7 H; b1 f4 M& ?. l' o+ b% K
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ " f8 |6 Z& M' C, Y$ Y" s& j
/* Input number of entries as an integer */
* b" |8 ~1 Q( H! D4 Uprintf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); $ s- \2 q1 G0 e
scanf("%d", &entries); / s. ^! u6 B9 i( q# \9 G P
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ , f9 s3 [% X6 c8 h8 \
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
2 }' V) x: z7 Y& v8 Q2 ~5 pfor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP) 6 H& g! h& Y3 C" |6 w, i
{ ( z) X8 L3 }% g0 E+ N
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
7 B' p9 e1 R5 Q* _$ H5 x0 hprintf(" Name : ");
, w! M+ B `, H; k9 ?scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name); 9 c/ t# `$ F: z: t
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 4 s: [2 \: m8 t3 w5 `9 a) R a
/* input an age as an integer */
' h2 A9 ~$ _- ^8 [printf(" Age : ");
9 h' T2 b; o' X- h: ]scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); - c! `- J$ }! c8 A7 e
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
8 \, y: T i6 S% W) a: q! h1 M! w/* input a salary as a float */
; v5 j$ r1 q1 _: b8 bprintf(" Salary : "); ) l( B% v7 D: _
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary); 4 F" F1 L- @9 v/ O
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
: k+ f! O, A7 v0 Y8 w} 
4 f$ m! `& ?8 \2 J: b/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ 5 G/ o9 s1 D1 u( Y8 o
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n"); 8 E( b; L( k. i, ~
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);
$ h& G9 j: O& k" D; {3 n' i+ j) v
7 V# s& h* s2 _# z" e3 j3 ^6 ^/* Print out the data that was input */
8 o; l1 [' p/ \( q$ K3 K4 Wprintf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
1 j8 y: i3 W; T% u% v6 t1 ]+ yprintf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
& D; G. J8 v3 G/ D% Q" a1 m# p0 H* jprintf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); : D# v ]5 {4 i) F0 Z
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
4 t4 J+ l) x s$ f7 h# r printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n", & Z9 Y* ?( o' N+ T4 G" @
loop + 1, 3 d! p( d+ l: k" w5 U
entry[loop].name,
/ P. v0 }3 n) M+ x" s5 w% O' hentry[loop].age, + ?8 o, L- u; v( N! j: w: Z( T
entry[loop].salary); 0 B8 v9 b* u% ^& w
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
; G, O# X7 d: _9 h, t* i: [. e0 yreturn 0;
8 R2 b# |, m3 f% B$ M' C5 C} / P/ [2 H' u; Z6 a) Q( T

6 ^8 N% [1 ^. m. Q9 R# Z3 V5 e4 G1 i! k$ h
函数名: stat 
9 C* {. K; d; d4 |$ b功能: 读取打开文件信息
" G- j) t( i, G* j' T用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
2 Y1 v, x- G, [% e+ S9 b程序例: 
8 K8 y: V9 C. j; g#include <SYS\STAT.H>
. Q" _9 D, g. R#include <STDIO.H>) p# D0 _, x, v$ A' a
#include <TIME.H>* L1 u; w( x6 a/ z
#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" 
* D' Z, O9 T4 c9 Z2 h" k- y) sint main(void)
; a; [1 A" u. Y8 C* ]! Z0 ~{
) `2 H6 \7 p. s9 f; Gstruct stat statbuf; 2 s- l" B. A K1 q" b
FILE *stream; 7 Y8 v& J$ g/ l- W% o
/* open a file for update */ % u( v( z/ J1 R8 R
if ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) & q: G8 X: d7 F6 {
{
6 C1 |) ?, o2 x6 e, I. p4 H) \fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); 7 ]+ B; I* @1 t; O
return(1); / p g- P8 T @4 B& k- p
} 
; j& K( M. E8 N9 f: f4 q3 w/* get information about the file */
1 L) h6 r! m2 Astat(FILENAME, &statbuf); & E, Q1 R ~) l
fclose(stream); 
7 o! P- z! R! w, ^( |6 d1 G/* display the information returned */
 I/ h& u2 @3 ]1 F& B9 bif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR) ) b! b7 x" @$ |. x1 q0 c# t
printf("Handle refers to a device.\n");
/ ~ l U- y% M J5 D; Rif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG) " q/ ?+ B7 u" }& i4 p( K) G% d
printf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); & J3 e0 Q$ b. z
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) * {: k/ t: d. T, y: e& |+ S
printf("User has read permission on file.\n");
/ B8 y1 y) C2 r4 B, d4 I3 j% m; oif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE)
& G+ G& e+ y* L9 ?1 _- p; Yprintf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 
9 ^% b+ R" Y0 e$ xprintf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev); 4 e. F; a3 J" d
printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size); ( _! [* w5 a) M$ G
printf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
0 Y' w A/ j4 D5 _" ireturn 0;
# G# Z% C. J8 ~+ |( I} - u1 Y9 X7 ]4 o- o6 I9 ~- z5 z- _

- `: Q2 x3 V u& I. N* H* A" P; G! J( \$ s
8 s' T! K# Z1 \6 \' M2 a/ P+ U
函数名: _status87 : \3 N7 L# s5 u8 z. p% n
功能: 取浮点状态
 ]6 d" h$ r) U& ^5 A) u" Y用法: unsigned int _status87(void); & I" M7 e' [2 C* i8 n; D3 z
程序例: ; v/ P4 V2 A8 Z; P
#include <STDIO.H>! l; p, I$ O, X) B9 n6 }9 d
#include <FLOAT.H>' r: ]3 o8 }) a1 Z5 V
int main(void) - S3 B( O4 [: I1 _9 @" E$ S( w# w
{
6 Z9 |' l0 M* o8 O* x+ J4 q8 l- a3 Pfloat x;
4 O4 y& q2 f6 M2 G5 f+ rdouble y = 1.5e-100; 
5 t/ K% Y B' L2 J- Uprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 5 ?' p! Q' u1 `$ A3 Q
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
) S- P( T8 L/ k; ?+ ^y = x; 
7 I& i! v. Y7 v; }9 ~8 l' U bprintf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87()); : c& p# j+ _5 J1 l' i! {* J
return 0;
* w( n5 q- I8 x+ g}
* C; [ U4 ^ i* S. L
! {- m5 b, z% J& w5 s9 c( p; B/ v. e* l0 u) ]9 Q+ o) V
函数名: stime 
; v' {. ]' b8 o3 k功能: 设置时间
. F: t. A9 U- n/ T用法: int stime(long *tp);
' H6 r' Y* [5 J3 O1 S1 m, c# z$ {程序例: 
0 m% s# U& C1 F; z% L# X2 [#include <STDIO.H>7 u* l6 y3 g% f! O/ [ b# F# ^
#include <TIME.H>; [' y2 J4 `; x7 x" e3 F; V. k! a
#include <DOS.H> s! R f _( E: l; F
int main(void)
- u5 e4 b: b+ e4 X+ u- L8 Z{
) r1 Z8 D# w( p. j* X; O( Gtime_t t;
" s; Z: J% Z# i& o6 lstruct tm *area; . l6 K+ u7 T" _
t = time(NULL); ; l5 F% [6 K$ Q
area = localtime(&t); : w: V" C+ p; k' L3 t" r# J, a
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); 8 D' c- A8 r1 _/ e$ [3 [
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
2 \. P' \$ b. [+ v( b1 it++; ! j+ q6 n+ ~4 F7 X0 p$ L# `
area = localtime(&t);
8 e$ ~ I- e1 W: _7 ^0 b( bprintf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 6 ^/ W+ G- N3 w, o8 [1 C
t += 60;
& {+ o9 a" M& @: P I8 Parea = localtime(&t); / U, @8 K, x6 w8 T
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 5 H: C* p$ A7 U) L, o, c4 R; Z6 P$ t
t += 3600;
$ x% F! u# z! y: y7 w6 Warea = localtime(&t);
5 n; ?6 u6 Q# ~$ K. r2 m' Iprintf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); 
$ y7 \. k; \# ^% Q9 ~2 f1 B2 _8 at += 86400L;
. D. }5 E7 y5 U( s% Xarea = localtime(&t); , v( B& O( F& ~* z3 Q
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 
2 i5 ?9 n/ d4 x9 l. at += 2592000L;
0 r7 |+ ?8 X" ^! @area = localtime(&t); - q+ @/ `. }$ g" a) m1 X5 h
printf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); 
: q; i* R+ C9 k+ D7 jt += 31536000L; & J6 J, J( \% c' y' l6 a
area = localtime(&t); 4 Z! Y v/ e2 l! U, {+ H# ]% ^
printf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area)); " N3 T; u5 o; W* B
return 0; - {1 Y- `5 g# Z# @0 x ^: F$ E
} 
+ D" c* o0 a% U1 J) e* j9 \: k) M* X# f5 }/ B \6 ]

8 Z$ a$ s( }, [& z# O" D% B
2 _. c9 Z" f* n: i$ X$ G函数名: stpcpy 
 m4 o& {$ |4 d功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 7 a8 l5 i; o! [& s6 Q; g9 @
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); Q2 m8 B$ ?. s4 }2 @1 U# w
程序例: 
3 X$ W9 m7 `$ h. d8 s/ S#include <STDIO.H>; d8 Y( Z! p3 Q: a
#include <STRING.H>
: u! L# r1 M4 H: x, `8 D% sint main(void)
. _! w. X" G" U" d9 }0 f{ 2 _1 ^2 q) y! ]
char string[10]; / ?3 l# D3 j+ z9 q8 r! Q, w
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
" q0 `# e! r1 I8 b5 s0 s, ?stpcpy(string, str1);
$ b. F. a" q$ b/ bprintf("%s\n", string);
; H h4 o2 p3 J: d3 rreturn 0;
* G. B: s/ \$ w x% a( T* }}
$ G- _0 k/ S7 n0 q, H5 v" |5 }& ?6 }. W" c. X3 a8 R& N
5 V# e% \- A* Z' e) C+ r
 T" _ T6 H. t; D5 z+ i( X
函数名: strcat - v% K! I# @0 n; `0 t% L
功能: 字符串拼接函数
" ?2 F l% D5 J( C+ R) Q8 W用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); % j0 |) g( b; J0 K3 ? ]; J/ D. A
程序例: 
8 ]( V$ l* S4 |0 ]" {5 |/ }5 A#include <STRING.H>
6 T% S5 v! n! y( m R#include <STDIO.H>
' _, V. S6 E* A0 ~6 J; rint main(void)
4 I( S' V, O- j4 q{ j4 O' C# P, \% ?& b# L" R
char destination[25];
: R0 n0 p# P2 Z. N+ G' rchar *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 3 C- j/ ~( ~0 ^9 m# L8 ?
strcpy(destination, Borland);
) @! h: F2 R% t$ e4 f9 Istrcat(destination, blank);
; U+ J5 a! m% K9 {* a2 zstrcat(destination, c); 6 F ]5 Q% t v3 z: u* |
printf("%s\n", destination); . v) }9 O7 _( d5 Q5 \$ v
return 0; " a4 q9 x5 A; b8 E% G7 `6 P
} 8 m1 [0 @) k& g5 B
# E6 P Y# I$ o+ r( g% O: o" G3 s

0 |$ x, {6 v: D* V; R
# N- a2 \9 p0 c+ L3 l函数名: strchr 
8 G8 j& Y+ L! {功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
/ N! W' n/ U1 D1 w用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
+ ~% y; N7 i$ V# ^9 @程序例: : M9 ~) t: @) A. B, w
#include <STRING.H>
+ i9 {% s' j0 J7 ^; B% \#include <STDIO.H>
) p' }6 X$ m4 \, D2 lint main(void) 4 J6 q. \& |4 B6 w( `0 J
{ 3 K- \ O$ @+ b/ O( \/ c
char string[15]; " q' Q2 \# o" x/ T+ p8 d
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
+ G$ t. M" d6 E0 e6 Tstrcpy(string, "This is a string");
/ } A* ~& C5 J, U6 Uptr = strchr(string, c); * [. y( D, |( Z+ q7 O" p! H$ v
if (ptr)
2 ^3 ^6 F& j: O3 k5 lprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);
4 \5 Y0 M0 w* ]0 ?else p- {4 }4 I5 q3 i
printf("The character was not found\n");
0 h, [! a# V5 t# D. v* kreturn 0; * r6 k2 {5 e3 Z5 u* h8 x4 j$ n
}
1 G6 u! _1 h6 P, r$ F" q+ \/ ~. x+ A: `9 g( |9 ?
! r) R$ E' E3 N' k* H4 Z

/ y5 I3 `! O1 t0 @+ n5 D) f函数名: strcmp ' @; Z" W" s2 G( I) z& L- C. W! l
功能: 串比较 : G7 M) q: t; ^9 i, E0 p
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
+ O. y6 ?' L+ Y' Y程序例: 
3 }& W7 _2 o; g) ?" ^#include <STRING.H>. M* p ~4 T! F
#include <STDIO.H>5 |; Z& i6 z. [0 g
int main(void) 0 E* P7 b9 v" m
{
6 j$ o2 K* p5 I, Dchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; 9 x# {/ ]# ?* h; Z! u$ p6 {/ h
int ptr; 
" R+ v0 l1 \" ~' h. Yptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
" N# b% q: H# _; s0 }if (ptr > 0)
7 C* j) Q4 U. Z; h3 {6 l$ a# ~7 lprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
& v: ^. S7 E% x: W r3 T- _else : R/ s3 p7 g' A, r
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 5 ~ p+ `: h% u" U) @1 i# {& Q' t
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); ; F- D( F ?7 a8 Y* ]5 `: a
if (ptr > 0)
$ V5 P* B* F: R" o/ P9 Dprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); 0 s' i5 h8 l$ b3 ]8 L
else ; U* i& S0 @; P) c7 z7 X# p, B
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
1 C, Q& r) ~6 F( s6 l3 z- [3 }. o' hreturn 0; % ?4 u: P8 i( w1 h- N" c
} 8 q T H6 D- M+ m( y" I9 W4 M* b
+ ~8 H5 U% U* r6 q H2 U$ N

+ I& u: t5 |7 Y6 B- ~! S
; k& h" O; `( @% |$ U9 y函数名: strncmpi # R0 W! B' [. D5 @: a X
功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写
* _4 _" w% X# z ?# `用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
9 }$ A4 T. S# \6 d k程序例: 3 [8 P$ ?7 M; `3 U
#include <STRING.H>. R9 a: a8 X C$ f- J
#include <STDIO.H>
# U/ D0 M: B9 w2 ^1 Qint main(void)
8 e; ~: ]; A8 Y+ W{ 2 A+ ]; k5 D- I# j: h
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
7 S; i- ]1 e7 M4 ?2 b4 Yint ptr; 7 v4 G& m d' H! B# D
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
% `" {; }* V7 D$ rif (ptr > 0)
+ R+ y% i3 U* d( bprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
7 ]4 L( K. m; V3 Yif (ptr < 0)
8 ], s: ]& J- q4 C( M; wprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
! T0 ^5 K2 c& r, p- i+ Jif (ptr == 0) ! w3 G; D" w Q I+ P( p) S1 ~# t
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
8 ?, I$ ~7 _! }. X6 K+ Zreturn 0; 9 O0 C& j5 V! N; u. f
} # m4 w$ Q- \ i% ]1 G f$ v6 W& x" r

 U& q6 {) f0 ~2 z
0 |- ?& Z4 }$ m& [$ a l8 _8 C# `$ @! `/ P8 g! _% w
函数名: strcpy 
" ~% ]* v& d9 I) y4 A ~5 A1 q7 E功能: 串拷贝
8 W+ v9 T. K2 Z0 `8 I用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); , z% B5 v, f0 s
程序例: 
# a3 @( w& ]* v# Z: y& z/ @% U#include <STDIO.H>
. {9 R" s1 Y( x8 l# I#include <STRING.H>
3 ?0 E2 `& B, o% R8 u3 D2 i sint main(void)
8 A; \/ L2 }; |( t/ G{
1 v0 u. t0 e; l/ z; N+ [2 c ?char string[10]; 6 T! w* z* z) U( u! Y( v
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
) V, ?6 }7 @6 N' T, Ustrcpy(string, str1);
& X: ^6 E5 y; Y, a' P2 Z, R9 D/ aprintf("%s\n", string);
% d8 d+ j1 J- T/ ^& {return 0; 8 y! ]; l; t- ]6 B
}
* A" L4 H, s% x" c- T; m5 q5 K0 {+ I; m4 R( F3 P* Z; y/ }5 ^; ?
! w, A8 F& H) [$ J
5 V3 m, y: `4 |. Z8 @
函数名: strcspn 9 B8 K# n) q2 i, ?8 t9 H
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段
4 R- ^9 ~3 O1 s& u; `用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
7 L* @2 B4 m. F( C+ a+ v+ }$ i4 v: n程序例: ! u+ T- |" m p4 a
#include <STDIO.H>
8 t) R; z( k0 a2 i ?' g7 d/ U% a! A#include <STRING.H>* p, X# H3 N5 K' z, S+ r
#include <ALLOC.H>
* m; a5 Z- Y9 r6 gint main(void) 3 l5 V6 i' X7 Q8 R, {
{
5 s3 }# l5 m- t1 s4 p7 fchar *string1 = "1234567890"; / I3 J/ f7 b9 w; Y
char *string2 = "747DC8"; 1 A, k! @- c6 u
int length; 
. _, ?% ^8 `, b9 h+ g4 P( Qlength = strcspn(string1, string2);
/ X8 s6 z5 C0 y6 c" c3 q) Xprintf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
" q5 h" j$ @# P$ ~9 r+ freturn 0; $ n) ~! V0 O8 R& {& T! a
} # }+ v9 w6 B5 F5 J# \+ p: h

$ C+ E7 W7 @* J2 O0 d" b/ t$ g* _0 ]1 i

) h5 N7 P# n; V% j& F函数名: strdup 
! k/ t! k5 h: }& H& G' g4 `8 J功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
2 z/ `+ Q; \3 ?7 s用法: char *strdup(char *str); . N6 n8 _; u) v
程序例: 6 e- r0 _) I; X) Q
#include <STDIO.H>% j! J y0 @$ ^9 [) E
#include <STRING.H>
2 @* A! O1 R+ D#include <ALLOC.H>
2 j0 Q" q2 T* o8 C. G' B" P. cint main(void)
. m* q( i6 c! b: k! O4 y9 d* M3 a{
+ Z% W! F7 j* C% [1 ]char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 9 Y: \3 F, P8 r) O
dup_str = strdup(string);
% k9 u. j" X3 Z- s' L: l$ gprintf("%s\n", dup_str); : v/ j: _+ ~! H9 ~4 i+ x3 r
free(dup_str); 
3 I& @$ ?3 i8 I. T8 xreturn 0; 6 l( A7 w0 _. X8 x" F
}
. |( ^- T% Z3 m2 w! N" q# \/ _" k) J8 I
6 f V* L, U4 l" S2 i+ J1 b* s2 h

. n( a' z) Z: ~% f! \函数名: stricmp + S$ {2 y: O" j: [
功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 % J6 P* D6 t7 E# F/ k; \; G
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
# b7 x1 @7 I+ O0 I Y+ j5 |程序例: . g8 F0 Q" l$ ^0 T9 X5 Z; {
#include <STRING.H>
' X- F. _1 \& u+ U2 g% a( }+ V% ]#include <STDIO.H>! [$ P r# M9 R8 d- p+ p2 G
int main(void) 8 c" M( o+ m0 g; `
{ ; _+ ?1 @5 `+ g3 J' T
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; - t' [8 \# W- L
int ptr; z' ^+ l8 R! M5 X" Z' A
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
1 | d' h# I- _if (ptr > 0) ) |: Y6 G- D& u: B! o r. V
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
/ P" v t8 u: g/ Dif (ptr < 0) 5 j6 u; e* ], |) a
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
! v2 W, b) g3 `+ B0 a2 I( j% Bif (ptr == 0)
( ]5 w6 t8 T% M! Rprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 9 ]( E% g/ W: |( k$ a* x9 L& h' E
return 0;
% C( M+ H9 `( ^# B! \! O4 v1 y9 M} $ J1 t$ V/ F D' C

$ R& K; I% u8 m# \6 Q& `3 n3 C! t2 S# N, s2 a/ ?
函数名: strerror 
. ~* K/ Z( M) A* E7 q0 V功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针 7 q& ~$ v) r X
用法: char *strerror(int errnum); 0 O1 k( D% W0 i' W9 {* w
程序例: 
1 Q& |1 l* U4 s% r" A4 s#include <STDIO.H>
5 a5 o2 _* X, H+ f7 \8 \* Z#include <ERRNO.H>& T6 b$ J2 f" Z7 R ~! M
int main(void) $ u7 L. v( j; @& p7 F+ s5 i
{ + Z0 c' b% Z/ k# m1 Z0 [- T
char *buffer;
2 A d0 k8 E% \# u4 \$ sbuffer = strerror(errno);
9 E5 K9 \0 \( @( {' [# |/ Jprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer); 7 F) ~; }5 [' x# b
return 0;
2 I/ i: q- T6 E3 H7 Y}
$ f7 j: c ~$ `: ]+ k
, l3 l. i8 i# z+ I/ R+ P+ E
; F+ @+ F! U$ v8 A
: R7 p" D: |( d1 K1 J }8 N4 u# X函数名: strcmpi ( Z; t) D3 t. g/ p$ Y6 F
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 : d- C c6 U* R
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
3 I0 M/ U6 j0 } l程序例: : S" q# A! ?( y5 F# t' X6 ?
#include <STRING.H>; R- r6 N3 q$ P! f, n, f2 x
#include <STDIO.H>+ J. s8 e6 \7 N; Y& C
int main(void) 7 x" F5 ~: O. l* ?3 ~- y
{
 x' ?1 G9 [+ x& M! i3 Wchar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
3 C$ Y( {. X5 Z' n+ ^& Lint ptr; 
1 o$ k% B6 c! D' |+ X. gptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
: v3 j2 ^8 |: g; @1 D% }4 |if (ptr > 0) 6 \8 U- R, A$ M; M$ m# S
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 5 P! X0 Q7 K* w. x; {; \: V+ H
if (ptr < 0)
+ ?3 x+ R; L- Y l9 V) z6 B: Zprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 5 ]6 p+ f6 F( w" } n& |0 d8 X
if (ptr == 0) 1 `: O/ x# Z ~3 `* [' S
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 1 ]% [9 q% x# I! A8 \
return 0; / a8 `3 j2 u9 k( z: c; C; M: p
} 0 x. u! t) D5 ?7 M5 _5 b( }6 W

, V' _( X& |* t7 [3 F1 E$ B$ g% [* n: @- T
2 f/ d! [# ?$ I7 {3 ^7 p
函数名: strncmp 
) }1 Q. [2 T, l! s2 [! _% J功能: 串比较
# W& Z7 R) c% s- T+ b' y8 h; u5 a* ], \用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen); % ]$ `$ U! @/ ?9 u
程序例: ) @ R7 G/ J2 F4 f/ `5 E$ X }
#include <STRING.H>- c2 v+ ^- O; o
#include <STDIO.H>
! P8 u) U! I+ c5 O$ y4 Vint main(void) $ D0 A @7 i' a
{
7 W. x/ e% Q7 bchar *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; 2 m$ p6 a: T' G6 x1 u8 W4 V' @
int ptr; 
: D0 n4 e- j! Nptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); % b; I! I! T5 T" _
if (ptr > 0) ( g8 ?$ ~' B P
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); # k9 d; K+ v" j/ ]0 v/ H# `
else * H* k! a5 H; O* ^
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
/ l' m- V3 `0 `' jptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
: k @. ~) F" {0 y! c9 Kif (ptr > 0)
% C' j. [: N) N' D4 ]printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
+ t3 j, F$ s# D3 \1 {' Helse
9 a9 [. h5 P, O0 C& K: } {printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
3 ?+ e9 W( N2 V$ F' | K$ F7 oreturn(0);
8 G3 r0 V, k7 m. Q} 0 C& U$ g; x7 r7 e9 ]

3 V. j% n3 x+ ?4 E! M$ ]* e8 E: P7 T5 d5 A# m" A
函数名: strncmpi # A f; F5 ]( `# d! M! i
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 ! f2 `' H3 t4 ?
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 6 j3 Q8 `" z9 K7 Y% o* `5 V) V
程序例: 
9 ~& z0 H7 \7 {3 Q, N) |! D#include <STRING.H>9 o6 T6 h! q& l1 s" K$ p( v
#include <STDIO.H>
# F6 l6 H* }0 ]( T8 _. \( Qint main(void) # t, t5 v2 m6 X
{ : T( X, W$ z+ `) C1 s8 W. |/ X5 G
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; ( n4 R0 ~7 T3 l1 \' n
int ptr; 
/ a' Z2 M6 L1 h* S$ kptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 
/ C4 E& N& ~, @if (ptr > 0)
2 H$ V$ n2 S8 f0 L, gprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
: V9 \! c, E/ ?8 j( `: ^if (ptr < 0)
$ h7 Y# x1 A, ^9 m& o9 l3 P- bprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
* i, B# |6 ~: g& c: P4 oif (ptr == 0)
$ B) @9 J* b+ ^* ]4 Bprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 8 x% l0 \1 ^+ H& T
return 0; 
' a% M5 w7 t4 R4 k0 ^1 M: ~} # @3 x$ m: n3 R/ |9 Y

' P5 _- d. j, I! h7 C9 p+ u8 |! H' k& L* }3 y C
函数名: strncpy 
$ g0 W7 }2 g3 U: q8 b' ^2 t- L功能: 串拷贝
# U! q5 ?) w7 S4 K( }" z用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
5 t/ i1 Y( I# S* ]; R8 v- P程序例: 
- w9 }% T ~! Z0 D. g6 t#include <STDIO.H> l0 H g4 l7 P. N! ^/ T0 a
#include <STRING.H>
; T9 Z9 T' ?& z7 {7 H' E7 V6 \int main(void) + Z j# @# z% P
{ 7 E6 ]6 [% o' o& _; U/ \7 }2 ^4 M
char string[10];
& v7 g- \ I/ xchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
% v: y' M! H# p4 ~ \! J/ estrncpy(string, str1, 3); & s( ?; T* F* T% X
string[3] = '\0';
- j6 }9 S$ s3 j; E0 X5 [printf("%s\n", string); . Y+ e0 W* T4 _+ h' h2 R
return 0;
# `' V! B% i0 ~4 z x}
3 W( u: q) W# z. q2 }0 R0 A" H5 @6 ]

! h- p7 u6 Y$ N3 `: @) B函数名: strnicmp / L; _8 k1 M. H8 Z3 F
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
" b/ |( ^1 ?/ P2 `2 {# X用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
: q/ M: x+ L! K程序例: 2 n2 H0 F2 M+ d' x4 `, p0 L/ `# H
#include <STRING.H>$ y3 e# J2 a0 p: w' q# H8 k& W
#include <STDIO.H>
) x0 m5 s$ L# N7 b$ [6 Y, ]6 wint main(void) ' o5 S/ D, y# A. v# Q% p
{ 8 b2 q8 p( p% P& |$ O: `0 S' F
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
/ J, y& \# n: ~. }6 n5 q, nint ptr; 9 [) u% ~ j- B0 r& ]4 Z
ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
; {4 E( A. X4 f8 n6 Q+ r8 `if (ptr > 0)
 q/ l) M0 ?6 t3 a- B! {printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
: Z1 V# M- f# C! @if (ptr < 0)
& q+ ]3 t8 w `" Eprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 1 W) \( }0 ]' r' F
if (ptr == 0) 7 y/ J. m: j' t* s/ t7 {
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
# o$ d# C Y- yreturn 0;
' V+ k- M0 ]) n, P* ]6 @} : ^: [$ e/ o& z' o& u
0 X( ^' e, W6 D. U7 t8 y0 u4 v7 L
: k7 ~0 }, v8 c/ B% ^: W- ?
. Z; G7 A h0 j8 i
函数名: strnset - ^2 \/ M5 }* b2 D. d4 s
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
" n; S9 ?' U# `; {9 L用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n); . x! t6 w! g- p N3 O# c" z; m
程序例: 3 c* j/ h8 W* a* J7 M
#include <STDIO.H>1 L' u3 X3 [1 ]5 H8 @
#include <STRING.H>
) }% [" Y) |- d' c7 Vint main(void)
& E& U8 Z" e$ u{ ( w0 D. A' r( ?9 u
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
! D8 i9 ? a: @char letter = 'x'; 
3 M. F% {# e% K& h& oprintf("string before strnset: %s\n", string); 5 ~3 n* g; r* Q) V& n% n
strnset(string, letter, 13);
0 P9 d9 k8 w0 |printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 
* G C* `# R& [return 0; 6 k! h' y, ~$ Z6 K4 X
} # j# B4 m; S$ j
 I1 L9 \. t8 g6 x; l; i, F

- f/ u) F+ d9 Z& c n0 R' I函数名: strpbrk _2 E; s3 C8 _7 `$ e% ~! ~; T8 Y
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
1 I- P. @7 A# ^7 M% h4 Y' g用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); , B! M% ^; q' D) y+ H. a. H& a
程序例: 
/ j- E; i' l5 K#include <STDIO.H>
, j4 Y+ R+ x, n5 H4 d#include <STRING.H>
) o! n4 z4 Y3 _; ]5 G, yint main(void)
/ i% d: k8 t+ ?& x/ t{
3 L( g9 a; w, d& k3 _) Schar *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 3 S* h- ^3 V8 d/ v
char *string2 = "onm";
) h5 {) x- j. u) G% h7 o* Nchar *ptr; & m. D+ R+ |: l+ [1 H) p/ K
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
3 \# o5 W }0 B+ fif (ptr)
7 ~- w; J' P8 Y8 |' V) [" f$ Iprintf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);
3 e9 |- z) N2 I- W: Kelse
' b. R+ z& \/ d3 _" r- \2 t; S5 }" \printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); 3 f5 }' `4 }- y f
return 0; 1 |; m4 n8 f5 o# {: ?
} 7 [* n/ l. p( @, [9 D% _
3 K" a4 R# i4 ?( E' M

 P& n* d5 C p; U `2 ^- [. ]* v* C- r2 D& T! f! Y7 a. Y
函数名: strrchr 
6 B6 [5 s6 E4 w功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 / X; M: o3 h: G- q1 h
用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
3 {4 [- @& i' f" Y1 v8 m* W$ \6 {; i程序例: ' g* D% }; }0 E3 ]
#include <STRING.H>1 R! p" Z$ O$ ?2 ] i- L4 p
#include <STDIO.H>
6 K5 L$ d. J# y0 fint main(void)
& Y4 B& M8 @/ w: ?( m$ v, C; ?{
 j& L! f% V0 Q9 echar string[15];
8 F: T9 e9 l/ `6 {( B" dchar *ptr, c = 'r'; 
- D! l q+ M i0 l' {1 ^% X1 bstrcpy(string, "This is a string"); 6 g' ?" c: l) S) g
ptr = strrchr(string, c); . j! Q( n% V1 K1 @: x' @
if (ptr) , n! S4 P1 f. B+ p! Z( h
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); ; f! O7 Y2 o9 T) e" r: m0 P
else
 ?( X0 k. N6 a6 C, wprintf("The character was not found\n"); ; x* Q3 u0 ]' K1 f- @7 l" n
return 0;
4 ?3 `& `9 }0 F4 m, i3 s} 
6 ?7 U G9 e$ a
# J! F5 e' y- `; e$ F8 }- r N; b5 g' d: b9 x
6 i% B1 I- q7 V l4 U! v) F! k
函数名: strrev 
2 H# A+ F ?% z3 h' r3 ]6 f- u功能: 串倒转
8 X) n; ]+ l% z! P8 e3 _6 U3 ~用法: char *strrev(char *str);
 |" V7 O6 ~# |$ ~( V9 a% B) w3 p程序例: 
; k1 `+ v2 x4 o3 }7 Z- L$ y( S6 ?#include <STRING.H>
" @, P) Y9 d- c8 k( M#include <STDIO.H>
, b! Z, P* f$ C" Eint main(void)
; h& P2 [" S' b/ {$ B) h' m" o1 v{ / p8 q. t; l; l+ W
char *forward = "string"; 6 F0 @6 |& k0 J$ |$ f1 @' Q
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
 q |$ N! `9 Z9 m' `0 f$ M% jstrrev(forward); 3 }4 ]* N. Q( a
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
; e9 g: \- {* y- d: d L3 h7 w0 jreturn 0; ) ^. U7 H1 m- P5 E
} 1 r8 {; E: e- q) K0 ]+ i" ]
; G+ X% W8 z3 N. H$ K
函数名: strset 
# J3 B) p- L! b# ?: Y4 x功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
% V) L2 n0 @! h3 ^用法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
4 ~9 ~% V5 k4 d# ]' ]1 {, m程序例: 
% v$ W$ k- Q4 ?/ L% k% _2 L#include <STDIO.H>! G* p: k- v9 _" k5 d5 P
#include <STRING.H>
' t+ ?3 N( s1 _' Eint main(void) , g' D5 N) ?- [! z
{
5 l* M+ _9 d ychar string[10] = "123456789";
. D# ~& @6 h5 O' z6 @' A. Uchar symbol = 'c'; 
: h' S: I+ T$ s) bprintf("Before strset(): %s\n", string); : T- G4 b1 h# Y# b2 W9 @) ]( R( ~
strset(string, symbol);
& G7 l% o9 v W: V; Q$ _printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);
% R' N0 }$ H% p) X4 H) j( N. ureturn 0;
) A. k* c6 {. c- X}
" l3 \( A( J8 m9 B1 V3 N6 c8 c0 q$ j9 ?8 Z7 i

2 S3 t% c }9 @$ b# s( A8 A* T
+ E" [5 I& ?# g函数名: strspn $ X7 Q. S: n( [' {
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
6 n* X% e9 _$ W: _& m4 }% Z用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); - o9 o# v- [- X
程序例: 
- K' E# @( L3 S" ]# \. S#include <STDIO.H>6 R, L# l+ f! y8 w/ z8 k' }
#include <STRING.H>2 ?6 j) _" Z) A8 M# h
#include <ALLOC.H>, K1 S0 w3 J1 c: P1 G2 I1 V4 e
int main(void)
& t7 X) e! z; i0 }; w: g2 _{
$ d9 I- g, K% V! m4 G: ` echar *string1 = "1234567890";
+ g1 k# }" A- Wchar *string2 = "123DC8"; 5 \+ ]7 O! x0 D5 A( q) v
int length; 
+ o0 D& d: B* w1 F+ n; k: `5 H" Klength = strspn(string1, string2);
# Q0 @% _( D7 A' r0 R/ P* Rprintf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
# D0 V% r" Z4 N' O7 Z- `( ureturn 0;
, x T( N' Z# r7 @4 Q} , X/ _# D1 U* s: N
7 I- Y7 {4 o0 @: {! U( Q
7 d4 {3 C r2 e6 E8 q/ `& |
函数名: strstr 
" Y% M$ M5 b/ @! k1 I" ?功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 . K: W3 r2 b9 S
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); 0 F% b( I8 L( x1 q8 J- P, ?
程序例: 2 v- K* }0 ?" A
#include <STDIO.H>" m, M: g- N2 n M
#include <STRING.H>
9 e% F& Q! [, q# |% wint main(void) " x! n; i" R0 }! d; F8 b/ L r# l
{ % Z% p9 ]) B+ H/ b
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
& D$ N' M* W( H u' yptr = strstr(str1, str2);
+ Z, P$ M9 F, yprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr); - d( ~* y. z0 ` |8 X7 q2 p6 n
return 0;
% L+ V9 L) h. e! V} 5 d8 E2 G* \* z b& y# f
" V' t# ]/ W! g
$ ~ {- R+ i2 r+ F: d9 d/ e# B
函数名: strtod 
1 K7 r. _! z2 z0 _+ N功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 9 Y+ j% n. g8 ?; A! T
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
. [8 ?9 N% _0 @8 Z' b程序例: 
( Q- ^: l9 D. p( s#include <STDIO.H>$ E6 }" W, b" a+ v* y$ Y$ y
#include <STDLIB.H>6 C( p8 `+ C/ \, D7 `5 L
int main(void) 9 c4 _3 ^( h+ T) \ d
{ & B& r/ D0 D$ Q9 i# B( W
char input[80], *endptr; 3 W) j# n7 @9 w
double value; " `3 e4 E( I3 B
printf("Enter a floating point number:"); ' j f+ M- e9 x, j. N% C
gets(input);
6 e7 P2 e3 r# B- A4 o1 avalue = strtod(input, &endptr);
3 [+ R; E+ Z; [6 ~ H9 kprintf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); 2 W: i, u3 ]) L2 B+ h& Q
return 0;
3 T' [, Z8 x$ T3 ~ v}
. L$ X8 B9 y" j/ {) Y3 ?# j2 X; z* B' S7 S) `2 Y! \
4 J. p+ U! ~6 H( U

, S0 y+ T% ?0 r& c# w$ ]函数名: strtok 
5 i) @& w- a5 d6 C6 Q! v$ _& q功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 7 q# Z1 | [- t* Y
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
) J8 X) J Q4 y1 E3 O程序例: 
1 ]$ S! ~' `9 h#include <STRING.H>
5 \- O$ r. I) q# y7 N' X. p#include <STDIO.H>
 K! s4 J9 n; Z: Yint main(void) F- s- H8 g+ ^' B- X2 l7 D
{
$ |$ s6 k. I/ Mchar input[16] = "abc,d"; 2 E# S- f1 g% G
char *p; 0 g" }1 R8 Y2 ^+ X5 T
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
& _2 \ g) V; ?0 g* yin front of the token, if found */
+ N8 C1 P- z1 Np = strtok(input, ","); 9 x9 |" q% \% `, d* h; g
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); 
. ~0 f. T% ^1 c0 Y. P5 c4 ?/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
; R6 V) x. a, V6 O* ?as the first parameter returns a pointer
! g1 M4 G( y$ z* b5 X w# Kto the character following the token */ 6 m# p7 W% v8 J8 V2 T7 k2 D
p = strtok(NULL, ","); 6 v2 H9 `: x; X. C/ H* v/ F" h
if (p) printf("%s\n", p);
, C( l& u" }0 X8 E) q1 l, vreturn 0; 7 A- _3 W7 @/ |4 E
}
8 x) l: V2 A6 _2 h: u; c. B- ~3 J+ I9 c+ b, o

* a5 @ v; ^ G) X* M* F" X
- {( l1 w3 y5 ~( v7 h* Q4 Y8 n函数名: strtol 
% t$ R# B& D8 `* p' [功能: 将串转换为长整数
! S0 p9 p. L$ U5 f& G用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base); ) _( m3 C% I: E F9 g
程序例: + C& K* d- l i4 ^
#include <STDLIB.H>9 I6 B3 ~' ]2 Q+ L
#include <STDIO.H>$ i y; l( K; ^1 V/ Z0 U/ P# o
int main(void)
9 F+ K5 J9 c* o9 b% _9 i+ q3 K{ 6 n6 `9 c. y% n9 Q8 {
char *string = "87654321", *endptr; 0 ?4 ` ]' x1 _8 s% j/ V; }- A2 G: B
long lnumber; 
- f, d8 B- Z) Z- a/* strtol converts string to long integer */
$ M% b% v: z+ }4 ^: u0 M/ G& q( plnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); : C8 r: n6 T( e( T) f+ X
printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); 
. x# I9 ?4 J% k$ @return 0;
; _# \/ d" o/ l( a/ _0 _) Q* G6 r( g} 
3 [9 ?% k8 S' A; W& t
7 d. a8 J3 ?. ?3 F; o3 a: Y& J函数名: strupr 
$ l% g3 ~9 ^6 L; @" @功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
2 U. ^' {( }; h( [5 v# b$ \用法: char *strupr(char *str); 1 {, Z) D- y/ N" e/ H, `0 f
程序例: ' o' ^7 g' e* G9 Q$ Q3 t+ ]
#include <STDIO.H>
+ U3 [ u; o+ M#include <STRING.H>
8 e4 |# u) E( v# `1 Vint main(void) : x/ U# z- P- L" l
{ 2 `9 w# z* g5 h r1 d8 ~
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; . U* S D" A) w2 [
/* converts string to upper case characters */ ) D9 K) y* c; q' R
ptr = strupr(string); . U* Q9 x9 l' ^' n) Y
printf("%s\n", ptr);
1 o* Y! \% B8 b J* J5 [9 B; lreturn 0; ' T+ h; J; B! H' V) M
} ! P) Q$ k) d( y
7 F# t& j8 f% |, e) I# K4 P( |# Z' d
( Q+ }; V' Y0 v$ `" l$ Y
0 l% R! G+ O$ m; m, x
函数名: swab 
- F0 `+ D8 x7 @功能: 交换字节
, S' Z+ {9 d9 @& E h4 b* u用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
! c: ^' ^+ G, U5 ?7 [9 d; ~程序例: 
 G7 A5 d4 n; x! P4 s#include <STDLIB.H>
9 X) e9 G3 ^" v3 i7 }#include <STDIO.H>8 K5 ~7 I0 L+ t3 v$ k
#include <STRING.H>" ]- g+ D$ }$ c8 q7 @9 E
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; 6 h/ S9 m& P! J. P4 V4 u$ Y6 u
char target[15]; ; Y5 `( m+ f: {
int main(void)
6 S, D8 z! ]1 D" W p3 z+ d{
2 F* X$ W' B6 o* ]/ ?4 U) f1 rswab(source, target, strlen(source)); & J @: h4 k0 q
printf("This is target: %s\n", target); : h. @4 {. X! x8 Q/ o' f
return 0; & D9 i% o3 g2 ?* |
} 8 j* N) S D O B8 W" D

6 i$ V8 w" z# V: R1 j5 k O; q, z* F! M
3 O, _. c/ N. e8 _& v; }( K, O5 ~
函数名: system ; e( G0 E9 z' [4 B: X; p( w
功能: 发出一个DOS命令
2 ~9 _4 L7 x9 p* }) c用法: int system(char *command);
( H( R* p( g, q5 E0 X. u! G程序例: . w% s! w ?+ x+ a% I: ` |; e
#include <STDLIB.H>
0 Q1 Q w" o9 r#include <STDIO.H>* f5 F: X6 p+ Z1 H* R E( s
int main(void)
/ X) F% z" \, K( K! H. t{ ) H7 s7 ~3 t& L3 R9 _
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n"); ) b( g. S1 z7 s2 ]& n
system("dir"); $ {* |, n V8 j. a0 L
return 0; + ~' T; |( f$ U/ e' y
}