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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 8 A- D) B% h" K& I, l
/* display the gray scale */
9 {' e5 I- A7 o5 _& \- Uht = getmaxy() / 16; ; j7 G# G, ^$ H8 {
xmax = getmaxx(); 7 G% u' i9 ?% T/ T/ A; h
y = 0; 9 ?% ]) _- K' @; x: o2 S; P
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
" Y- E3 f) ~, C/ X* tsetfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i); 2 P1 k; C6 P- ], y& h. l
bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht);
" j8 M0 p; g. a, u! Z) ? By += ht;
) } t3 q k9 N1 c( u} 
, b O/ }( X/ P8 k! y% K* I- O/* clean up */ 7 a1 S; @+ \5 S4 u( V9 ^ x
getch();
4 v+ O; s6 c" gclosegraph();
 {5 }0 ?) U& a. K, F. Preturn 0; # N3 P, [: u& M+ j7 L0 L9 V/ N
}
8 ?( G1 c$ V8 w. n' v5 p) M) h+ u" o% x4 T7 _! I
" w6 K+ ^5 }$ p$ ~# A
3 H c) L% i, Q
函数名: settextjustify : D K: @$ n N4 Q
功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
4 i6 q# v% V" i1 d, s0 |用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert); + F$ S: `9 ]3 ~1 r5 `! k$ j7 x
程序例: 
5 c1 a" K0 g+ I/ B& ?1 c* ?#include <GRAPHICS.H>8 o4 {8 p4 y3 I
#include <STDLIB.H>
7 t) M( V, }8 @ E5 x#include <STDIO.H>5 s& a# U# c2 J0 u. a4 U
#include <CONIO.H>
) L% w* a/ n6 J) O3 p. n l& ?" a/* function prototype */
9 H' N' i, v, v! j2 _void xat(int x, int y); $ i: l$ o# l7 a7 | d
/* horizontal text justification settings */ 0 F- Q1 `; Z7 T( X+ d' U6 E v
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
"CENTER_TEXT", ( ` `# j+ \9 {
"RIGHT_TEXT" 1 \% r& s8 f$ m) `/ N3 p, [
}; 
3 X! f. \1 q& G) d, Z0 w/* vertical text justification settings */
, O2 ?# X9 j7 _% q) |char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", , t% d& z. I. z
"CENTER_TEXT", - S; P7 I E/ A; V# _2 C0 R
"RIGHT_TEXT" 4 E5 y7 h/ H, \% a! j- O
}; 
0 {) `8 j$ T9 F2 iint main(void)
 b4 @& z8 c0 `* z$ F+ C& U{ 0 V1 w6 [1 \1 z& w" e5 m, |; H4 Q
/* request auto detection */
5 E' L0 ]3 {% n, \2 @( d) ?int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
# x, b! B7 x* s! c! {int midx, midy, hj, vj;
 B6 v+ O, G# s' ]char msg[80]; 
0 |5 ^ S$ |$ ?3 B( @- p; }/* initialize graphics and local variables */
& `; l0 M; W+ x! ?4 D7 zinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # b3 E* X7 y0 K! H: q4 p, x7 r
/* read result of initialization */ , L9 L, L! H, p& G+ D" ~; X
errorcode = graphresult(); J! |- E. }+ b* k" H, Q
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
0 J6 p3 U' ^% r$ [$ ?+ K$ e6 n{
' I! C0 K u6 ?5 {" ^printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
" u7 N6 `! Y% u8 S0 ~printf("Press any key to halt:"); , i' @3 r, O4 c# _0 ~* W% Y1 ^
getch(); ; `+ U$ ]. P- W- h
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
: {/ b6 Y2 E$ d# i) I- P0 E$ u8 c} * E; y; U4 p/ [6 ]; T9 u2 ]1 @
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 5 t! t' G. x4 V
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 6 a, c( \; `3 S# c
/* loop through text justifications */
% P0 F# @( n" \9 ]4 Tfor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
1 l" f* Z5 r4 b/ Bfor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) $ ~5 Y! Z$ o0 n
{ : v( x: t" y8 E1 R9 }
cleardevice();
) _! z+ P/ n& z+ o/* set the text justification */
+ m) |0 g: ?& [settextjustify(hj, vj); 
# U- L" T5 C& N: L/* create a message string */
& G' B7 f, K, v# `. Psprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 
# E6 p9 `" B/ C0 O8 O9 s5 z/* create cross hairs on the screen */
. B/ Y5 w+ d3 z8 R. X5 I" u1 qxat(midx, midy); ( R6 {1 c* O/ b( N
/* output the message */ I8 E. A: b/ J+ [2 U
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg);
2 S2 Y! Y1 S2 G8 V: ~& k9 Kgetch(); " j9 b. V1 A. b
} # Q) ~) Z5 \4 Z; F% S$ u8 a
/* clean up */ G+ h m- y" L# k9 r6 x2 ~% w% s
closegraph(); 0 R) c5 m: Y( q: _
return 0;
} 9 [. r1 Q" x. x/ J% }. H+ |& a
/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
% |/ ^; K& ~0 Xvoid xat(int x, int y)
9 a9 Q+ G8 J. r+ a+ y{
) A! K6 u8 Z1 Q; p( }' J; o% d1 ~line(x-4, y, x+4, y);
( @# B8 J1 R8 \1 `line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
 F4 q5 t* u# }& n& f} ) Y0 y& }0 d P, L2 _: O, F
9 ~: S u3 X' E3 w. k
3 u: M/ M3 Z+ U. b( I0 d
函数名: settextstyle & V4 ?- b2 m" K# z _
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 . p& ]" E. r7 J+ G
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); ! ~! F7 }0 n0 O+ x
程序例: 
* l8 |" V3 E' K4 z" P2 I. K#include <GRAPHICS.H>
! q* n7 ~+ K T#include <STDLIB.H>
7 X3 k$ O7 E+ o' R, ~" }6 Z1 d- a#include <STDIO.H>
* H; e7 [! L: u' p: t# }#include <CONIO.H>2 U) Q6 R, M3 q, d; w" O
/* the names of the text styles supported */ * X$ d g+ d+ U9 ^2 e l
char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
( G) r- R% q' h% y% h" K- |' _"TRIPLEX font",
% X4 t2 {) {3 N8 y+ P"SMALL font", / k3 u% P/ h7 R9 o
"SANS SERIF font",
+ }( {) W, \! L+ |* _"GOTHIC font" 6 ^* [7 i$ t6 x I. o- j
}; 
+ o. W) n% P0 i) F' Xint main(void)
4 D/ m$ ]( L. X0 D{
* a& L/ b: b L% C3 f4 g6 j/* request auto detection */ / m- g8 f: E' O! ]
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
$ H( ]! @# D- g: P U2 qint style, midx, midy;
$ T* i+ Y) T+ h3 e i/ gint size = 1; - _/ g5 l r5 P2 {' z
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ Z5 l1 I( f& N, W+ u
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); / \/ _& H, }- F. H& A F3 Z
/* read result of initialization */
) ]3 P, O- a- ]/ A C+ z' lerrorcode = graphresult();
2 B- Z! O8 F' |5 f( Jif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 9 r$ r2 p. k7 s6 @
{ ' Z# o% t0 L8 e1 w- w
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); / n: o# h- W! ?% j
printf("Press any key to halt:");
& ~ U1 V' E* N) k; ogetch(); : E4 o3 `! @* \4 B6 r( B; o$ k
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
0 O, E. u7 ]8 Q7 }} 
9 p6 s: s. Y/ d2 l/ L/ k1 o% [midx = getmaxx() / 2;
6 ~9 d7 z$ N: Dmidy = getmaxy() / 2; , Q; Y- u; b( U v
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
1 j+ C: U5 A. `8 Z0 `: v' S- J, J/* loop through the available text styles */
' R6 H" a5 e0 q- [/ ~% Zfor (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) 5 W' @0 X) F& H& M
{
- o* X8 E8 I3 I- t9 g# z4 z% Ocleardevice(); # g1 M9 [) \! o
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
3 w; k/ L$ u1 r3 D0 G% vsize = 4; 7 z8 y/ o8 J; L3 D. K$ ]3 h T
/* select the text style */
9 c. y$ l. G" p) x7 V' V$ G, ysettextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
9 W; Q# Z: z2 a3 b- m9 Q b& _/* output a message */ " p( S/ `" O( Y, l9 @1 L
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
/ F( ~/ v" j1 r, q3 v% Sgetch(); ) i- t; a0 s! R% x/ C$ I
} q+ l( v0 h( j9 m
/* clean up */
4 o& f* w- {: L l: y) p% a4 j5 r/ ?closegraph(); - ]- l" N- Q) n+ K& N$ u5 G
return 0; 6 W, r/ t# u% v0 T! T. `+ \
} " ^. o" h) u$ X5 Z( O3 V

: s1 [8 e1 m# ~8 x* D4 F+ t6 k Y* U
函数名: settextstyle 
/ |* V8 L% }2 R! r功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性 4 x+ F3 |1 R6 i; h, A6 e
用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); 4 J5 q3 y+ K% [% o. _7 e# Y) [
程序例: / @" R7 s4 g3 t6 I0 p( P ]# L
#include <GRAPHICS.H>& x3 D0 v7 O7 @( E m2 v
#include <STDLIB.H>3 x! k+ p$ u) }& r' D% B* Q% ^. R
#include <STDIO.H>
0 z {( @/ [2 E p1 h2 f#include <CONIO.H>) l& A4 g5 j* S; c
/* the names of the text styles supported */
9 @, u3 W+ g6 _char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
0 d! \2 ~% A! y"TRIPLEX font",
3 ]( J2 S) r/ y"SMALL font", ) ^, B# P# I- O0 e' j
"SANS SERIF font", , T5 p& l8 f, q
"GOTHIC font"
. w7 _# R5 {8 E}; + f3 Q9 L, y7 d `8 U' U* D, Z- _' {
int main(void) + O* ^" R( V, M2 [5 ?3 p2 G
{
: s4 L1 V$ |$ X n) @% C& S/* request auto detection */ % H4 S6 f1 q, t9 L1 a
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
- N: u2 T8 m! e" ` Aint style, midx, midy; ' b ?& V; F8 M) M3 R7 C4 U
int size = 1; ' K. x' S7 A* g1 Y9 E; F! p
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ / T: j' o& `) @# ^4 o
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 3 Y6 a" U6 O3 @6 ^
/* read result of initialization */
- H! P! o5 B* q7 D6 Eerrorcode = graphresult(); ) i" L( Z1 d4 I* T0 w) ~! `
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 7 O% d: |( @: S
{ $ V2 d. x+ E1 y
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ; t4 Y }, M. z. [" E9 n% B& e
printf("Press any key to halt:");
/ X* N5 K# [0 N. x9 @. I! _6 lgetch(); 5 y F* f3 D+ C+ v/ _
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
8 ^& y% l8 u* k: o} 
; ~3 n+ r4 h& ~5 U* G5 Nmidx = getmaxx() / 2; , h7 U2 r' _2 `& Z6 W
midy = getmaxy() / 2; : D. M8 K9 }" v) }: P% n7 C
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
. e" h# v+ B" g; o/* loop through the available text styles */ . h; n- g& r! L- b3 @$ u$ [
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
1 f8 J* F6 w# _8 E; W{
" Y& y: L# K0 w6 n# V$ Ecleardevice(); $ R+ f' P! l& N( `' V0 C0 d5 r& ^( `
if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT) - [2 S' X1 P+ k6 Q% X
size = 4; / g3 O f: v# R% x. |, z. O F, g
/* select the text style */ # v7 t6 S) O- P" |1 x9 f
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); # v: Z0 _# U0 R8 {5 ~0 x# r! P1 O* E' r
/* output a message */
' |; f8 L2 {0 routtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 9 K+ y, C, ?& }) K8 y9 v5 G
getch(); . }' O6 u. ]7 e$ n% n
} 
! V% O; A. ?4 b1 u/* clean up */ * x) |* t7 J9 y/ W
closegraph(); 3 S, J$ b% G l8 }1 }4 ^1 n, U, I
return 0;
4 q; N+ E6 ^( A# L9 o: S} 
. g( p, k1 p" t9 D# `/ n* u0 l6 K' q( K" b; ]+ b

1 e0 z9 _+ }: \, X函数名: settime 
" Q& H+ i9 V; ^- v6 R" |功能: 设置系统时间 9 G! r& ?% S% R2 l1 j0 e2 G, J$ Y
用法: void settime(struct time *timep); & y% o0 Z) ~4 I2 B" \7 `* J
程序例: 3 }; s$ f$ U, r* \
#include <STDIO.H>
4 o, d5 x5 _6 m3 N#include <DOS.H>3 a o$ |( s3 O
int main(void) \6 x7 \- `7 H% d
{ 6 T. L) t* D( b* K' e" ^ I
struct time t; 5 Y2 g6 i% P/ _0 q* {$ F: _( v6 e
gettime(&t);
- Y; ?( r& f) Y/ Q+ a8 O, Nprintf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min); % z. v- f' r* V
printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour); / Z, T2 u3 J% v" R; \$ `+ @2 p3 O
printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund); ( K v2 S1 m0 H! _! m3 z, h
printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); & u& t2 b8 k; }8 ?& B7 }+ B7 l
/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */ 9 j0 s+ U! W3 `
t.ti_min++;
8 t) q0 \ }: f3 k, Y# W0 _5 \" Ysettime(&t); - P, J+ D5 V1 s; X- E/ u7 v
return 0;
% L+ H9 a9 H$ i# z} 
, o& @8 @9 A ?* x! \( z5 Y8 t7 g3 ^# c4 [ k# O# k

7 w. y. ~4 Z- R% D( b0 t/ G$ E函数名: setusercharsize " h4 H5 S% i- u6 }$ l
功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
* s1 E1 ?5 B$ Y7 L* b用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry); 5 [9 }& X; b, R# W9 q
程序例: 
4 S7 L7 i8 M% |. d4 Z( n#include <GRAPHICS.H>8 z! C" a o+ I; v
#include <STDLIB.H>2 ~" a2 r' D! |$ M) b
#include <STDIO.H>
8 A0 d+ a0 F; B8 B# G# Z#include <CONIO.H>- b3 a; @; c1 h' ?2 a+ \
int main(void)
0 |/ y* A, @1 h" A{ " Q! ~5 \1 ?$ J) y+ F1 [
/* request autodetection */ * ~; b1 r5 E# {" C
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
' |9 \+ H* a# l/ P) [, Q8 I/* initialize graphics and local variables */
7 `3 z& D2 i2 W" i# oinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
" p9 l. ?' A3 K" F/* read result of initialization */ 2 S5 z& N- @/ Q1 D/ Q: O
errorcode = graphresult();
( v3 Z% z2 h* `9 tif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
* Y( b8 c/ k1 e' a! n{ 1 E9 N& u( D2 n+ U8 q. D! i6 _$ x
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); . q% \2 C/ o4 c# a
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 6 [5 K- |3 V4 ~+ |6 N
getch();
; x" T x4 _* x \exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
6 K0 a; i- n% |, I, ^7 C} 
, V; r/ I9 M" i' m/* select a text style */ 0 w5 A3 K1 ]! W
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
" ~8 B9 M: B) j* G3 U/ q, ]8 E/* move to the text starting position */ / f* p" S; c8 m9 e( {6 E/ \
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 3 t+ G; _+ U& Y1 \$ G
/* output some normal text */
) _* B; x" w$ s: \outtext("Norm "); 
% D2 t0 C7 j2 Y' d4 S/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */ & k! n1 E, R, j8 K, j8 d
setusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1);
: _7 i6 v0 F9 j+ m( g" o5 Qouttext("Short "); 5 K( l4 h; N6 R" i! B0 E5 t/ y8 y8 s
/* make the text 3 times normal width */
. z& o6 R4 P/ X( d( [setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1);
, l; k2 [9 x" x; e1 L9 Routtext("Wide"); $ K& Z+ E4 d' g. I0 p: X }! v
/* clean up */ ! a# k1 O" m) a+ V0 O7 n
getch();
1 [2 v% e& L. A# l6 Q' ]% pclosegraph(); # n' Y1 a9 ^ n, ~9 z) e
return 0;
- m' ^/ q- x: _6 b} 
6 Q* g5 r* E4 f5 @8 Q# N" _( s/ N. Q2 Z6 @# X; a8 V. y8 N
函数名: setvbuf 9 s. g Z2 |& R1 U
功能: 把缓冲区与流相关
1 Q2 [- z$ m- j3 A. I l' c用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size);
( p( ^ X5 P: d, P! e程序例: 4 m1 H! i! Z m
#include <STDIO.H>8 {6 _0 O8 c4 j5 C4 b* q" P
int main(void)
" ^* b& s6 |6 z: O{
8 m6 }! A4 ^9 K S) W! oFILE *input, *output; 5 i$ z% Q; }- \+ D7 s( y$ H/ v6 j
char bufr[512]; 7 t% {! ^8 e6 z# J$ G; F1 A% h8 b
input = fopen("file.in", "r+b"); / W8 h' n( Y' ^0 O8 A
output = fopen("file.out", "w"); % Y0 r( M# x9 W
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
# k* {/ P! x; r" cusing our own character buffer */ P+ ^4 e' n1 j; |& y! r: ~
if (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0)
8 X# X& R: b9 D5 B! }, G# Gprintf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
 _( |$ `! n% V$ q Gelse % |* u y$ u M4 D, i
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
2 r4 V, ~0 i7 ^1 |/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that ( B0 ~) q1 s! {6 G; J5 w
will be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */ 8 k4 B, [' ^8 V9 U7 p; l. t1 L/ J5 N
if (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) " b1 F; U4 A2 ^
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n");
; w! f; | H( q& O# M: [else
! S: Q6 E' W/ ^- Nprintf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 
2 ]9 u: I, x' U. i1 Y+ G/* perform file I/O here */ 
) k/ S# P# H9 c2 h; i- t( N/* close files */
' F r# \% c( a% K' } S% {fclose(input); & N& M9 @/ `4 |
fclose(output);
7 U [: f/ E3 Y+ D$ K3 ireturn 0; # C# D" e! H3 x& j; M/ ]
}
9 H4 c1 A% n# J2 f# s# G9 J# M$ ?. Z+ O, s k
* F s+ L5 v- e1 ~( u! P6 `0 o
 m5 c# O- A7 \
函数名: setvect . j$ b$ Y, n6 E% j- V$ _! l2 A- ?
功能: 设置中断矢量入口 ! l5 L. ~% {* [
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)()); 2 N/ Q2 h% h; y( n
程序例: 
9 p. {0 C0 K& H) @/***NOTE:
1 J( T% B; Z/ x6 U7 pThis is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this " @4 y/ R$ Z0 S+ C' Q
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable
0 T+ |8 Q8 @# Zfile which will operate correctly. */ 
& k# H7 `# K: j; h1 K#include <STDIO.H>
' `& v8 Z) c* ~5 J5 [ q#include <DOS.H>
" [ E5 e2 D- K6 b5 B#include <CONIO.H>' ^/ T. \' q% U1 Z1 t; m* y
#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ & E, A3 a& o& m1 h+ Z
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); & U. g1 q, k- d5 Y6 S5 R7 P2 ?
int count=0; 6 x/ M2 C0 o0 [9 ~% x* t
void interrupt handler(void) & o$ ?) b D3 c/ H0 W# x6 v+ H; O
{ , q; m- ~3 f/ G
/* increase the global counter */ + N) v% k8 m- T: K) |0 ?6 [( a& P
count++; 
# o* f( k; m5 ~7 ^! ?2 {' p2 v5 M/* call the old routine */
 O$ |* o. |6 ~" |9 F# |% J6 C% P1 foldhandler(); # h/ E2 } m) H% o% @" V$ U
} 3 L/ X8 R# E4 T" m9 y6 W
int main(void)
4 K3 u1 s: ^: {. K2 D! @" [{
0 u1 W1 q/ O4 |4 m/* save the old interrupt vector */ : E+ L" R1 o7 Y) W, [% e% r. B
oldhandler = getvect(INTR); + J3 a) }' s& o: b/ {
/* install the new interrupt handler */ * @2 b* n& N" o/ Q+ c6 h
setvect(INTR, handler); 
. Z) h, t; [5 U1 {! ?5 a/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
! A: f! A6 K6 L- N) B# uwhile (count < 20)
- O: _) P+ t/ R) q% ]; Wprintf("count is %d\n",count); 
% T5 @, l! ~# o) N* j7 N, e/* reset the old interrupt handler */ 0 z2 K' z+ _' X! E+ b- j; g2 B
setvect(INTR, oldhandler); ' L N# \3 ^! x/ K( Y
return 0; & E2 @. b* K( o; L
}
6 P+ }6 S; p) d8 ~5 z A4 i! ~. G1 @. D( X* S: L
9 n' B+ ~0 n' N! u+ |; E& B
函数名: setverify 
' Q- c4 y Q$ f# Z7 d# K) W功能: 设置验证状态 4 x& M, N( [1 ]* h% H
用法: void setverify(int value);
5 q% L5 E' A+ t7 O& F程序例: 
4 e. [, s0 c' T) E k#include <STDIO.H>
8 _' R" a7 S" t" y' |5 M5 T6 |#include <CONIO.H>
, B4 i1 s4 B. L' [# `3 M6 L#include <DOS.H>
9 c2 w. J0 f( R1 E( Aint main(void) % ]* t `/ {% i' k, [+ `: D
{
: o* |" P" E' Aint verify_flag; - z9 y+ J: t1 M3 R0 }( C- P
printf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
# N) s! g; i/ {2 H4 Gprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); 
+ k3 W- [7 {8 }- ] \! l0 Z( m( K! wverify_flag = getch() - 0; 5 Z; m! J8 x$ A
setverify(verify_flag); 
& D7 e$ B( @, u, l9 B1 Rif (getverify()) . z2 l3 x7 _2 f
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); 1 T5 }9 P8 \# d: f/ O
else
$ s8 M n' m* e8 N/ uprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 8 i8 p! c! U m
return 0;
2 u) L$ {0 I1 b}
0 p: t2 b" Z7 N/ {$ _* W: v- z8 ?
 y) H, i" F& O8 u' _8 Q% z/ z4 d+ c0 h" a' _
函数名: setviewport ' p; T% _" Q" ?/ `
功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口 ) B* E) k- v. d& i
用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right,
" [0 z7 B" ^7 s. m# H# Tint bottom, int clipflag); * c% Y5 |6 [! i$ t2 z
程序例: $ _8 `" D. r- A8 d' f2 K& X0 c# Q
#include <GRAPHICS.H>" ?- x- t5 N0 U" d% Z i
#include <STDLIB.H>1 l) T' h! H, F! j8 t
#include <STDIO.H>5 {# @, g4 u1 u; ?! C. D2 i( p
#include <CONIO.H>
: g/ J; q% k- G6 x4 n3 l. `#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 0 a; t2 P1 c& \" Z7 S; B- y4 c
int main(void)
 M5 A* R0 a2 f$ Q4 c- F{ " Q. } Y% Y# }& t
/* request auto detection */ 2 w& }3 _: B6 S$ V, X. k
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
. T0 r( i( w- f7 Q Q3 S/* initialize graphics and local variables */
( T$ R' J5 v- A& w/ K: V7 A8 Ninitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
6 c, e: x$ W _( W. B8 N9 Y/* read result of initialization */
3 v+ @ r5 V6 v1 ?9 werrorcode = graphresult();
5 j5 P1 [/ w4 t5 e9 }( T+ yif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
# A* u- A& V" |# J# }% e* p% J# ~{ 2 Z" h& q0 C3 E @$ O
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
7 a7 J5 V( w9 sprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ( b# [1 q* H/ p) l, ~5 x
getch(); 8 t+ A8 ?: _, P: X2 w; F
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ( L+ e' U) [9 {! O, [; j: ]. M1 d+ ?
} 0 d. ^( g0 R' e0 ?
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
 u# h: J/ l! @/ T/* message in default full-screen viewport */
& S# M5 ? W+ @7 F9 s2 Wouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); 
$ F: Z7 y0 Z1 u- n: c/ R$ c- z/* create a smaller viewport */ : M6 `' C- Z- h! f- N
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
) A8 t* ~( v( L. t5 Q* d- \/* display some text */
& L# X$ m8 K& K3 A9 I$ J+ Routtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); 
8 N! k1 d5 [0 ^9 d1 }/* clean up */ % N; I' s/ Y% \; N& `# ]- n# P
getch();
8 r! j' c" a. S5 f1 d# xclosegraph();
8 e) v" S4 S9 v! E* l6 O4 qreturn 0;
2 A+ K3 Z! G9 X8 w# D K}
, G3 o# T8 A' U& ^
4 D2 b: F0 ~0 a; }; v, T
& g3 W# M$ U: A' o4 ]; M+ i! T, o函数名: setvisualpage 
 |/ T4 _( A1 A! H$ J功能: 设置可见图形页号 ! t) M$ _# [/ h$ c* C. f
用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum); 4 `4 t0 V. E( S' V0 ` X0 A
程序例: e2 @$ r; d( J
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
' w) A% ]; `* I6 \. y: c#include <STDLIB.H>
0 s2 e8 J# @- p. v+ W#include <STDIO.H>
9 y" f. e3 C. ~& T$ w6 W* c#include <CONIO.H>
 k( C" F3 W5 Zint main(void)
5 N/ H& p7 S, U$ O+ t{ ! G$ p% }% D: r5 d2 {/ u
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
4 q" l2 D/ s) t9 s5 L; x! l! f/* multiple pages. */
3 r, e& O# B: L' @+ C* kint gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
! c( o/ M, \8 E! i0 a Iint x, y, ht; 5 q! d- W$ F1 k! x& M( ?
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
$ R ~, `1 m; u0 a; k9 C, yinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
' j- k0 q1 t% q' K2 h' @. |' `$ {/* read result of initialization */
- u4 E }& Y: gerrorcode = graphresult(); # U" A0 m# B* |0 K. q% B6 |
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
) m( ]2 Z5 ^! M( X* I{ # g4 a1 ]# l2 b2 l! r# e5 i
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
% R0 @9 h5 K6 Q% @# |printf("Press any key to halt:");
4 m, [5 s% S2 Q0 L/ N7 w" Z$ kgetch();
: u' v* g. |" Y: f0 z7 s) Qexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 7 H; S0 ^' u# X8 p& S& f# K* u( }
} 
1 T2 M" ^; m. c6 ~- c. _x = getmaxx() / 2;
' E, n( t3 s1 j% r. o D" }y = getmaxy() / 2;
# {+ o( z1 w3 iht = textheight("W"); 2 V' @# {# I) p6 X/ l8 D4 j1 U2 g1 B
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
) [8 o3 q, A. g U+ [" B7 ?. l: |setactivepage(1); 
; z9 _8 N( a5 g& _3 `0 g: F/* draw a line on page #1 */ % B2 L8 W! g3 q/ @# C7 [+ V. r9 w9 C
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 5 y3 n: a F0 M
/* output a message on page #1 */
8 v+ |; M' b2 K _+ \settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ) {" Y+ y( G* @: \, ?: p5 P
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
1 a M3 h o. b9 I8 X9 Iouttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); . I$ {9 l# p4 }" n1 x0 e
/* select drawing to page #0 */ + J% m8 ]: W( j/ s
setactivepage(0); 
0 [& k5 j/ K: Q! F5 w( u: s0 P2 h/* output a message on page #0 */ 8 p: N. G# i$ A" K" E# `& p3 R
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0."); # G* m2 U& r& D
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); ( L! n! P8 r0 |7 [1 X8 V
getch(); 
( U1 f8 f% ?! i% Z% H' u/* select page #1 as the visible page */
: j1 i8 a8 n6 y' L7 z2 a! e5 Zsetvisualpage(1); ' B; [5 N6 z' A2 \! y$ R" F* V4 Y
/* clean up */
" @$ D: j: _' Q6 C1 Ugetch(); " j/ i8 I4 c( z |4 d2 N6 _
closegraph();
! P& ~, L% W6 z+ ]. y9 M) ^, r; Mreturn 0; 4 h9 a2 t E% F6 J- R* Z
} " |6 u* j% E d7 g* ^
) n0 a) n( H# W, j6 t

& Q4 s5 J9 l) i9 Q4 R函数名: setwritemode 9 u: V D5 N( |( F8 b
功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 6 K$ z* j$ H+ m4 D" v) `0 ?, l9 x
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode); 6 T1 ]/ e$ V- u
程序例: ! i* P; H" a6 A. T
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
" H* ] n& D( Z) L3 g$ m#include <STDLIB.H>
3 Z" C8 D4 ~( k W1 C#include <STDIO.H>
0 }/ u7 b; k( S- p2 i$ |#include <CONIO.H>( D8 a( a" ~ H4 ^2 q. x
int main()
# B2 H2 B1 i! l w" o. _{
3 G" r, ?7 g, k/* request auto detection */ 0 \ }: l, N$ T9 V
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 0 k# U1 M8 g! |
int xmax, ymax; 
7 k( S$ L: w9 @( Z/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 9 Z. k8 Y ^; q( a! D% M1 N
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); . ?! G* X7 P- ~
/* read result of initialization */ ) g5 Z: p" _' [- e# w0 j
errorcode = graphresult();
& h! {0 S4 M5 u4 s# e9 L+ ~ N% Aif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ : Q- F" g- s! h s2 V2 b0 m
{
6 `6 W5 C$ W( r- u$ T; b1 mprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); : S5 o# C5 N4 I6 T! u5 f. P( | L7 G: y# `
printf("Press any key to halt:");
# D' G1 X/ i! t9 ?" ugetch();
/ |" g+ \6 u% _6 P& qexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
, ]8 d3 g* ?7 M7 H! W; @" c} 
6 d6 A- }! I% @+ @xmax = getmaxx();
. [* z! P+ v8 Q* Rymax = getmaxy(); 
$ g. r8 I% h) C/ ?1 D; F/* select XOR drawing mode */
$ J8 T9 d( T& ksetwritemode(XOR_PUT); 
4 a! p2 V& x2 d; O/* draw a line */ : a) W ?8 W/ \8 g7 l0 C$ y
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); ! Z$ D3 [4 {; d# v9 p/ ?
getch(); 1 p3 Y! s8 {- }2 \$ M/ _5 Z2 I1 O
/* erase the line by drawing over it */ " }3 \' d! o% v
line(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 4 E3 z( g4 p& ?/ k4 }
getch(); 
( f& `$ }/ A$ d% t/* select overwrite drawing mode */
' P! P0 q# I; H3 p, n9 s+ \setwritemode(COPY_PUT); % N8 T: `* ^+ T+ ?5 H5 v
/* draw a line */
' Y' k+ k, f; H- c) iline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 
5 H0 }: A" O0 D6 P3 W- u$ _/* clean up */
: K( I' P( J* Q0 b9 Jgetch(); & a* E' l5 C8 l1 a: k5 y# Y: r
closegraph(); y H, c( }& m0 @/ B
return 0;
8 S( ?( {- h3 x" A' k} 7 C% D8 d, C4 U( r' X2 l+ C

 {, w, c( e) i6 R/ e2 F) }6 I5 h& ^' M# X7 w/ e
函数名: signal % X* H- Q- @5 j. P& L' ?6 w
功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作
7 v% s) u) c5 Q9 M* K5 d( `用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname); 3 ~' W1 p5 F8 g/ R0 B
程序例: : Y+ B" `; J8 ]) ~& |
/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE, ( J: ^- f4 P5 E3 v9 ?. Q5 O5 T7 P
catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
) n) w2 D1 b& v% tto AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause 9 t- p7 X; F1 \
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors / C3 m4 e% L( x; Y
depending on which memory model is used. , r' V! B% J7 y4 h, N* v
*/ ! C$ y ~- A+ ?* w' K! t
#pragma inline
* _% y6 \- J- \) ~7 W9 B#include <STDIO.H>
% N( K% ?: ^( G: E* S9 G#include <SIGNAL.H>0 Q, f: x- \; D3 b' J: c$ w* U: X
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
1 O$ h( m. P! a: b J{ - A8 z+ x, p1 Y. O9 s0 t' }% x. F1 c
printf("Caught it!\n"); / \7 F! m- ~3 C: }) s3 F
*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */
$ ^+ l3 H2 }. E4 S, f} 
& O/ ]9 |" a! Nint main(void)
5 Z) \2 [* E5 `7 n{ . K9 a- I. |: P8 {2 z: p+ {: M' j
signal(SIGFPE, Catcher); 1 N; }) ^# [" j# L9 i2 I- c$ T
asm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */ ) X5 _7 I* z- Y7 h! K1 q' X) J
asm inc ax /* cause overflow */
$ D* d' j3 |3 Q9 {. yasm into /* activate handler */ 
' i* D- P$ T( i1 k; x3 B/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened, 5 M- }5 V' o! Z7 J; I8 M
there would have been another exception when the next 'into' 6 `4 C6 s, A; ^6 C) [" }$ \$ f3 _/ S# F
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ 1 W- ?: e ^- Z# V* m2 @
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
* @+ }: M+ E! o& v2 Z5 d0 V7 Lasm into /* doesn't activate */
. ?) R5 c) Q$ }return 0;
) P, h' K h* d. |4 u} 9 b; n, ~% I7 c
( A7 r: S' ?7 @, V1 P, y+ n
 U7 I* x3 q4 u
7 M2 ]- j m- ^. j- I! T6 }
函数名: sin ( H3 @$ r# z3 h% ^1 {5 P9 A: S
功能: 正弦函数 ; ^6 `" L: K4 a/ S a
用法: double sin(double x);
2 u' V) _& \# @7 b9 K T程序例: $ b' v; [" j8 u# f: j. Q
#include <STDIO.H>( r0 ]8 l S$ a
#include <MATH.H>& x: o- y" G! U8 J' D6 k
int main(void) 3 d' [3 @8 ~9 ^! y" j3 \
{
' m0 {' A+ r! cdouble result, x = 0.5; 
, Q- _0 v# j- v$ A' C9 H" w: y% E- cresult = sin(x);
/ C& `" Q8 q1 ^8 E0 Q" dprintf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); # q/ P) f) I! U/ z# R. J9 c! Y" a
return 0;
# `( b' U& z+ l' F( j4 ~; i}
( {9 X2 j4 v2 _0 z& c; U, u7 g# `* Z$ u: B

( b/ }0 d2 f8 E: Q$ o函数名: sinh 6 _' v+ R5 X2 C
功能: 双曲正弦函数 7 z2 v b5 L( L" c2 [
用法: double sinh(double x);
, W, y+ i& I: J2 x; L U程序例: 
3 J( J6 c6 O* a8 w#include <STDIO.H>& }' S: n5 q8 k' l
#include <MATH.H>
$ H! ?6 i7 `% k5 P2 N, |int main(void) - z0 g2 s- ]' C% v9 l
{
, \6 T9 A5 S+ U2 c1 v2 Wdouble result, x = 0.5; 
( d- |9 p( G6 M* @8 V( q3 oresult = sinh(x); ; ~$ Z/ [* E+ p$ j( [9 @
printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
3 `1 \+ c. m% @! I7 mreturn 0;
8 x ?) L) m0 C5 ^5 w} 9 J8 e$ X8 u4 q( U1 P

* `! E, a E) e% y& J5 u% }3 F
- z0 j: h+ {$ y! m
( e K; Z5 m# n* M& a函数名: sleep 8 C# d7 X- h4 }# Q; p( i
功能: 执行挂起一段时间 9 f0 Z$ U* \( M' ^. G
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
; G: l6 C1 _6 E3 R. H% [/ L" M程序例: 
: d0 s( _' D9 R: F4 Z: A#include <DOS.H>( } D/ }; S2 N7 \. }& ?
#include <STDIO.H> o# R$ E& V; M6 S$ c0 W" S z
int main(void) / Q0 h1 O+ p+ E
{ ) H; C9 S& Z o" O0 B3 {- ~
int i; 5 k+ a( \; E6 Y% x& m; U
for (i=1; i<5; i++)
% R& T( H6 U$ z# Q{
* u9 A, Z, Z# @/ t3 m: Cprintf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i);
7 v2 p6 D0 k. U. o2 F& }# Nsleep(i); 7 f1 n E- T- T S l
}
$ K8 Y8 Z3 e+ A; O& xreturn 0;
! J: _# j2 y. _- j; l} & m4 [. D2 L. W# w& p# M, f

4 H. o) y' v$ i% M3 |: n# C
# @! ]/ @' D+ H) \1 w! K+ {1 @7 I1 e4 ~4 s! q( {
函数名: sopen ( k6 e3 I# K; v. a7 z& b5 ?
功能: 打开一共享文件
8 N' z W2 G' K: \2 l+ S+ ?0 U用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
. v4 W* K. A1 _: l程序例: |& P. j9 B- f; v N# q
#include <IO.H>% ?4 |5 @% C7 Y& @5 e7 L" m& b
#include <FCNTL.H>
 _& p) F/ }$ @8 f( R! A#include <SYS\STAT.H>& e g: b$ o) T/ E" V# Z M$ y
#include <PROCESS.H>
( \7 ?' u; q/ |, a Z9 g, O2 C#include <SHARE.H>
8 [" q$ L: a( a5 P3 W1 }# L#include <STDIO.H>1 j0 w# \9 J8 z. i {9 t; s& c
int main(void) ' z1 m; n" O: W: W2 J7 I. J! h
{ # n1 N5 \7 `) `# d8 X/ u" C
int handle; / d% |) K9 \( {2 ?" P7 K
int status; 
" J9 n) W- s2 n4 Chandle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); # \8 h5 n7 c. j" L
if (!handle)
, F5 C* j2 M7 b$ M9 t- [9 D/ K{ 3 W: G$ Z) ^3 V! s" v# R
printf("sopen failed\n"); 0 e6 A1 t2 P2 S# [1 h. \- @4 U; u% E
exit(1); , v$ B) r3 K0 x2 b0 h' Z& y
} . {3 Q" Z& N8 A/ i
status = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6); 2 M/ C- H4 a1 U1 c5 Z! j
if (status == 0)
$ \: G9 _! C& F: L4 e z; Gprintf("read/write access allowed\n"); 7 r! U+ s: ^& |. |" u5 D
else
8 W; m8 x* u4 R1 P' K) T; oprintf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 
, z3 o9 Q, c# q$ V& R8 K% l. Lclose(handle); ! A8 @# u) F8 }7 k4 A% }8 C/ _
return 0; . _/ F* \+ ~% @' J2 o
}
9 v. {) s/ G/ g: Z0 c6 n: ?5 L7 H0 r
* |. \9 y) d2 p: x
' ?) S5 v' Z8 k4 P
函数名: sound 
+ u* {# z7 ]8 c0 X7 C# @功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器
- g% x$ ]6 e3 ^% n D/ K& x用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
7 Y! I+ o( K1 U" M& ^; W程序例: 4 G- L* B) C7 g' [
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. : |, t7 C9 J1 V( Z* w1 K- o" l5 X
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */
/ N+ ]$ `, {: Z1 O# w$ ~8 ?#include <DOS.H>& m$ ^4 \0 `3 d
int main(void)
' l! T N& O0 S{
7 k! Y( k# ]! F. f# M8 A& _sound(7); 9 C; |4 s1 S) \, i) `
delay(10000);
0 B) I3 c% q1 o2 \! J: Onosound(); ! H3 h0 d4 s2 I: d2 S7 ?
return 0;
3 A# d6 E! C" H7 M: Z; g} 6 O8 R5 j6 a, W# B9 K7 U( ?1 f
% C, L* p" O( L: o+ r

1 H( d6 s0 Q( }7 m0 W* G' L
1 R2 L/ B% g' }6 M& |函数名: spawnl . l6 q7 h# `4 r/ a6 `% `
功能: 创建并运行子程序
$ a: ~& D5 a$ s8 o用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
( X: y+ ]7 b) A; ^7 r. q- Carg1, ... argn, NULL);
2 Z2 T5 S7 e2 A6 M, n# ]0 b程序例: 
, A- r- Q/ `- Q# Z) Z#include <PROCESS.H>3 T) A0 A, O, a( v+ S
#include <STDIO.H>; b+ h6 W D; R3 i0 D% x7 I
#include <CONIO.H>
4 b' |4 @ I( I$ A zint main(void)
# T; u; p- c ~. d% Z$ A{ # E; T1 N5 j% b3 R3 ^
int result; + [0 R% r# ~+ ?; v
clrscr();
/ O* S3 \6 K$ R# S5 z- o$ G/ Uresult = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL);
: I% A& B6 Q* }6 P+ Lif (result == -1)
' w. j4 ?4 S5 w{
/ |* o4 A% B" d2 [+ ]! c0 b' sperror("Error from spawnl"); 9 Z1 y } x1 F- v% ?' ~
exit(1); : V: F3 t) y! s1 i; S. Q+ M
}
/ T$ U: n# Z) L# _ N; Xreturn 0; % v$ R9 o6 J; O+ i
}
* G. O# [+ q5 u' c E, L
' S7 X9 }# F% s! @+ \# m
( y7 s. Y5 l+ Y9 z% G函数名: spawnle 
1 t' u4 B4 z+ N n1 a1 t功能: 创建并运行子程序
- V7 f, m& g! X- O- A2 k) }用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, 1 k& t& l0 p+ T9 I3 L* Y$ ^
arg1,..., argn, NULL);
& ]/ }* X' V; D- s' d程序例: ( t2 k7 K- R |$ t+ b3 p) y/ B7 U0 S; D
/* spawnle() example */ 
2 o* Q' `: B0 q; S9 @9 H7 k. y) [#include <PROCESS.H>2 \. P, V- c" S I
#include <STDIO.H>1 `9 d# i: N4 l9 ]1 g
#include <CONIO.H>
) y7 j2 K! X2 W+ j! E( Wint main(void) 6 ^6 w* Q# f. j- l) T; S1 Q
{
, X) i3 }) ~2 Wint result; 
 n A, ]% I1 O+ I J* `clrscr(); ) X3 n. y* o2 @& ]* Z
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); 0 R' [* b/ E5 ?0 R5 c% @+ W
if (result == -1) 6 J( _- q8 g0 V- x/ c
{
+ u1 M2 e& x" j- k' hperror("Error from spawnle"); , A' [0 f0 P4 I0 g* \% z8 y
exit(1);
, d6 h) B$ X0 S* k7 `$ a}
return 0;
( g0 S( s& m! l. N; \& {) D" ?$ x4 L+ q}
! o4 u) L- ^# A/ l: E" i9 F9 f
- ^2 w. W5 H; I# H6 P
4 j, g" b: Y+ }5 g
7 l7 Z8 m) L, ]5 T8 s8 C# C函数名: sprintf * `% b! q; _# z+ J# H. N6 N
功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 8 l& s) j7 j3 A3 U9 z7 g! I4 \8 F3 {* h
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); . U, Q- o3 |. z* n' g+ Q1 R
程序例: 
/ u5 I5 Y5 b- I! L#include <STDIO.H>3 }" S% f0 X3 x9 r
#include <MATH.H>; m: R6 E% o- ~+ m5 v
int main(void) ! l+ {0 j0 |+ R' p. E
{ ) I# I$ T. o- }4 A1 }' l
char buffer[80]; - z: x/ h) ]7 K& `# H
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI); ( S/ j8 J& L9 T: E# p A
puts(buffer);
: s* ^" R+ G$ q- ureturn 0;
6 t) @7 T1 {' {0 m} : Z8 P5 N% ^ P( v6 n

3 L% i8 ?1 x, _+ S! C. s A4 @) l: Q, ]% j8 ^( L8 q
函数名: sqrt 
9 {) y$ R$ o3 k! S7 K) k" C功能: 计算平方根
( I2 J( G q5 U& @* O/ w8 _# g5 L用法: double sqrt(double x);
4 ^. y+ @# o! R* s程序例: 
8 }- ]/ D3 K6 d( _& g#include <MATH.H>
; Z2 k, J3 [4 a& S" U0 T#include <STDIO.H>
* m1 v# H! e A' e1 mint main(void)
9 O8 m0 E" c& ?1 C' q7 t- A{
' E2 ?) v: |6 H/ Hdouble x = 4.0, result; % B3 Q( Z2 }$ L
result = sqrt(x);
6 @: J% U* m' C2 u, a! kprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
2 E; P1 l3 v8 V1 ^/ O+ \; `return 0; 9 h" b$ m3 M! J, B& J8 `$ D; B7 a
} + J+ x6 g5 \1 A' V

 `4 i7 V) G, H9 d函数名: srand 
6 {5 x1 ^) b; \ |5 m6 _; _7 |功能: 初始化随机数发生器
! o8 l2 Q4 a8 C. l用法: void srand(unsigned seed); 6 S+ [( n, O7 F N* b
程序例: 
0 y0 }4 T1 J! X5 e#include <STDLIB.H>2 L, q( Z* n; ?8 l
#include <STDIO.H>: S. x6 k7 `: d9 `% z& d$ W
#include <TIME.H>
( c, O' e/ Z: |" T: Kint main(void) ; X5 j7 q; R J2 t* @* p+ ]. q4 \
{
+ D6 B3 B& J9 v( T6 sint i; % z8 D! k! _8 W
time_t t; 
0 o$ A1 i) ~6 V( A* k- Jsrand((unsigned) time(&t));
5 J8 g( Z5 O) D. _printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n"); $ u! q: {) x1 x$ D% c N4 g
for(i=0; i<10; i++) * X6 t, g4 \6 l6 k$ Q! T. F
printf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
% {' a4 d( I4 k; e# ~* N) D; o! Zreturn 0;
* t% O$ v% x V' a) A}
/ D+ y, B1 a: ? F% R7 I6 V6 B; m& e& S% o3 v$ F c
9 Z X, `- c) M* o5 Z7 { f
函数名: sscanf " V0 w( M! O' A; Z7 n
功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
* X' p4 i5 t3 W' L$ n: s用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
9 F* t* h9 g4 l$ W( ~0 f程序例: 
4 c. {: s$ _$ C% V# K#include <STDIO.H>
: h. M, b8 N4 H- \3 E3 }#include <CONIO.H>
4 f: u h% W5 Z' A+ cint main(void) 0 @9 B' b' R2 ^
{
3 D. J0 y/ b& Ichar label[20];
* |# g/ c# W, W, s2 h, L- J8 fchar name[20]; 6 x& l/ Z% v' s B z
int entries = 0; 4 Z3 S6 l4 F; J. N! R+ k6 R
int loop, age;
2 A9 _1 E& v5 ndouble salary; 
1 ^$ C0 Q# `6 q6 | vstruct Entry_struct
1 ^' U, K4 z! _{
7 i3 F% W$ D: y- T$ s' B, Z4 h6 j8 Mchar name[20]; 8 E; p- Q+ }5 T. k( J$ F; Q E7 P7 A( `
int age;
5 K A) Q4 H+ qfloat salary;
" \) V* A( v2 w0 l# r" W2 y} entry[20]; 
' I5 {$ v7 f4 N$ e ^# d3 ]/ S/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
5 C- h/ G7 v9 c* W6 Qprintf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
5 M2 p) [" S- ?+ r+ a8 Iscanf("%20s", label);
( s) o/ _2 C9 V4 Z6 ufflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
2 z9 Y0 z" [. ^! ?: }; Q/* Input number of entries as an integer */
$ y* h u- a: G/ M5 bprintf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) "); % Y. c3 q3 M+ T( x3 Z4 ^0 R+ l
scanf("%d", &entries);
) g# _; v$ }+ q9 {9 ]fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 5 D+ p8 \# [: B' `3 X& N/ _
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
( H* W6 @7 _* U* v$ Bfor (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
: C/ b& Z& |. q* A- T { * }5 c; h0 { T4 X
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
; o& x7 l2 o, {printf(" Name : ");
" r" k4 C9 s# O0 F5 @scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
% W* F7 R! }. a: Nfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
7 ~; b7 V2 K9 W* a d5 r4 T6 N/* input an age as an integer */
8 S3 s: @: c; z* |7 N/ Gprintf(" Age : "); ; T' y, V+ i6 h! w4 K/ f
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age); % O! I. Z) z) ]$ |) k1 e6 _, t
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
; B6 m/ R/ B! O. ?& P" c! ^) n/* input a salary as a float */
( O2 d5 Q; ` D8 z' c( \printf(" Salary : ");
7 r, P( x! {. x$ k! V; rscanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
2 A) N7 H" E. X) b9 I! F+ bfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
1 V( t1 s- A/ E% m9 A6 b} 
1 _1 g4 h& M$ r$ X/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ 0 g5 d) p0 ?; v$ L7 |, S- V5 S$ V
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n"); % k7 l" ~: B6 c" a) I
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); 1 k! s' ^% S, R+ v1 t% B; R

% L, k' }; X& Q/* Print out the data that was input */
7 ?- O+ b$ p3 z7 x% ` vprintf("\n\nTable %s\n",label); 4 w& J. G& P+ L' a' `) b
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary); % x T# j$ ]' J6 }8 P3 Z2 _2 F6 S R8 _
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); - ^' D$ J8 S6 G2 F
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
7 s8 n+ c, B" j& l+ @0 Y+ k7 X8 q printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n", k- A8 `; u) |' M4 v1 e
loop + 1,
6 }4 I* z: R/ n* [: {% \entry[loop].name,
3 p6 w0 o6 I8 c0 aentry[loop].age, 4 L9 C6 M% @) @
entry[loop].salary); 1 E1 B% s: P. K5 P8 p
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); + t: E* w0 d; a0 b$ S
return 0; + y5 J7 J+ Z: n4 y: M" h
}
, O) f5 L! {. {4 v7 q3 N8 @; b" _. K3 h8 M" B- j
1 g) F8 I; Y1 Z& @/ }3 T* D
函数名: stat 1 d0 v% {: a3 C& A% X" G4 g" Y
功能: 读取打开文件信息 ) V1 t+ {$ }1 {4 m: |- }/ M# e' V
用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
8 f, u: s* q. |1 g! @8 ]' N程序例: # o) u: g! \3 d- v# [
#include <SYS\STAT.H>
$ I" t7 c9 b! a0 s9 |#include <STDIO.H>
7 G( O/ o( r, G: I#include <TIME.H>; ]* _1 w* d6 o1 k4 S1 K3 n
#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" 2 K) [& K1 P |3 Z0 F' o
int main(void) - ?. c7 l- V; d9 E+ |/ k+ w" L
{ 1 T; @/ ~/ c# C+ k6 ?
struct stat statbuf;
/ M: b8 j3 t& s/ |0 `FILE *stream; 
/ {( A& u. G* o Q5 }% H1 G7 R/* open a file for update */
3 m' D$ V U8 s7 E3 R) aif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL) ( D. S; I* i; S* i/ `
{
' X: L W5 B, afprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");
' U8 H% V5 I# O# w, Yreturn(1); _' U% S: g5 F8 t5 Q& C; u
} - I' u5 R" W; w; }! _2 M2 p% `
/* get information about the file */
. [2 h7 \: M% J8 z. `& Z+ ]% G8 zstat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 
 ]7 B# U; u. S5 R1 {# M* [' yfclose(stream); 
. w8 f* v. G+ W% W. {0 R/* display the information returned */
0 d( I9 W& s8 M3 g* Gif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)
5 S; t2 m& Y2 c+ d) Gprintf("Handle refers to a device.\n");
# S+ M9 b% I) S. |: C7 L! ^if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
- F9 ~2 G+ Y. H' g! ?* X. M2 Rprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n");
$ V2 f& L2 v0 ^0 c5 L$ k3 ?& mif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD)
0 w/ _% ^" y- F1 \* ^, \3 yprintf("User has read permission on file.\n");
& T) o/ w2 f5 i# `% nif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE) 7 d7 o" L6 c$ V4 o! T& P- Y% y
printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); ( G/ l! g1 M# O, G& O
printf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev); ' c* O* e |. N! N9 x s
printf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size);
2 X: h/ @5 n9 K3 l0 A3 I5 xprintf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime));
1 p f2 r7 w' p$ wreturn 0;
: I3 j5 C& s% N( p3 ^, U2 o P} * z# v. U! q+ S6 r; C% s# O

* H" f! p0 U7 U1 M. I8 w9 {. }* D
% |, `; z( {7 }$ s3 y/ V; r& p( O$ O: e. J7 J
函数名: _status87 
/ x X; k! ?# v {6 ?9 _4 V7 \功能: 取浮点状态
9 O z5 q, g( k& z H9 g/ X. C9 ^用法: unsigned int _status87(void);
& M! s) i- D, Z. n' r程序例: 8 j3 e9 ?( U/ e. ?
#include <STDIO.H>
: y4 |+ t$ N6 E* I#include <FLOAT.H>+ ]+ j3 @! f( x: ~0 u4 d
int main(void)
 o3 Q* U! A# K{ o D; r) E( O) w9 b
float x;
+ I0 [! O* Z6 i& k) n: J. Tdouble y = 1.5e-100; ) z. s9 ~) X: O3 H9 p2 o
printf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 5 t; o! _- o- e* V$ L
x = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */
6 x7 P" c# @% ~8 ]3 r0 J' K, {6 Hy = x; 
. o* ^6 H" Q, M" v% Sprintf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87());
+ z( w% K7 k- rreturn 0; ; _: K! p2 Z* c7 X: D
} 2 i! a! S2 q3 s1 e! w
3 N7 N1 _9 i! C

/ s5 j: n% X; Y7 n" A函数名: stime 
2 c# ?1 L/ A% K& Q5 B功能: 设置时间
) q5 |, h% B% ^; W用法: int stime(long *tp);
, ?) e* c" h1 g: N程序例: 
4 K' a/ G, M/ K7 \#include <STDIO.H>0 U* }- v9 x& u5 C) `
#include <TIME.H>, u% d# o% q) i x P8 ^$ d5 d
#include <DOS.H>, s. y& k. m: e* q
int main(void) $ h9 p( A) | H6 s) G# @" [! G
{
+ c% j; `6 H2 ]time_t t; ' d; r1 R$ M' N0 l6 ]8 ? x- {
struct tm *area; 2 S- h* n6 c9 F Z+ z
t = time(NULL);
% g4 q4 ?2 H; Yarea = localtime(&t);
- C- l9 w0 T* A* ^" R' l* yprintf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t); 1 |8 A6 ~8 K( t
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 2 m/ |2 v& X! |2 c0 E$ f$ X: [( [# q
t++;
2 c0 l9 J) g7 }& _% [area = localtime(&t); / ^, j1 I% U5 T5 m* ]4 F" g: s
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 1 y# `2 g2 Z. R# Y. l
t += 60;
% m, X9 B8 y q. Qarea = localtime(&t); ' E. `* e$ N" t& e2 \4 q1 D4 j' k
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); 9 ]4 K, T9 K2 Z
t += 3600;
7 F. r$ i" _1 G2 D. @area = localtime(&t); 2 ?: e: x) |& W* p/ E" w }- A
printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); - ^( L1 U8 R1 s) M! {9 G6 L
t += 86400L; ( r p2 z. H2 B' Q1 W3 n+ r
area = localtime(&t); ! t( l0 H7 z- X1 t# R N
printf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); ! w( S4 v9 l, ]) d( E8 y, o% P
t += 2592000L; $ z6 a( m3 I7 F2 f# R" ], x
area = localtime(&t); 1 q4 K5 D0 f. k- o; [
printf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); - |9 Z: [( _4 ]2 t) ~
t += 31536000L;
- z4 S8 ?' w) z( Garea = localtime(&t); 0 B3 f" U% z4 g7 f% m
printf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area));
3 z: o9 O$ s4 |$ G8 D% ureturn 0;
7 c; Y& ]9 H6 t} - d% y E% E; V7 ^

. \: ~) D% v1 Z3 M- _) `
) J. u5 a' ~& o/ k$ N# K
( K A# l& I' v+ n @' {* G8 ~函数名: stpcpy 
. g+ A7 Z j3 o6 s1 p! u! t) I功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个
+ r5 O' e* [$ O9 T: ?- m用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); 5 ?# U/ \9 R3 l2 E
程序例: 
. d( J5 ~5 @, z% ]' |) M1 V: J#include <STDIO.H>
1 J/ {6 v" D3 _! r+ M#include <STRING.H>) z( \! c6 z8 y9 H% ]& Y
int main(void)
5 X% x- k* F! b# H3 x{ 6 d6 G! o6 N Q# {% C" W
char string[10];
5 [$ J2 W H) M( q' H6 n/ _3 U& vchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
8 s& `) n9 t- }: n6 @$ C- g4 ~stpcpy(string, str1);
1 R( {0 N& g$ N0 ?printf("%s\n", string); + U, w- _/ t, }. e
return 0; / @4 m% y$ F1 g6 ~
}
% P# _% O8 g+ g1 }8 D' g* C& d) x* p

, }" u/ U: Z6 `* S* g; A- d# z- I3 j7 H7 I5 l% k( g H2 Y
函数名: strcat 8 }9 B. P. X3 o1 y; b
功能: 字符串拼接函数
8 o0 q* y5 @0 u& h+ e. K% @! _用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source); , c$ P/ _$ ~) v) g0 B& \
程序例: 
. X, z6 x P* t( @0 v#include <STRING.H>
. ]( o8 A$ h. y6 C9 o& B8 Y#include <STDIO.H>) ]8 V5 S# U# ?
int main(void)
. K9 W- P8 V4 x- n{ : Y1 u1 O! B4 u: c. `/ x! h
char destination[25]; - Z. l' x" Z8 W' s% b- t
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 1 T6 S. t, K; q6 N9 J3 e
strcpy(destination, Borland); % u5 Z, b: a; y/ f9 ~
strcat(destination, blank); # g: u* i8 [( ?2 L; m- z& a
strcat(destination, c); 
" n* E7 W8 [! o" T6 y; l: U* p0 o) Yprintf("%s\n", destination);
8 O$ J7 {' p$ }7 ]- | Preturn 0;
- p1 u3 a3 C$ k$ L}
4 E) d) U' e) _: z5 ]# \0 r0 H7 M( C( _7 U4 X6 v
! x: y6 r2 E; Y! ^5 ]% i

4 i: I4 s1 a) e% n* x7 N函数名: strchr $ R6 H, A9 g$ N
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
% I! k* S: Z% i) L8 V用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c); 1 D- j( S/ Z) i# C5 y# p# Q
程序例: % r) B* V y) V ^7 g6 ~, K
#include <STRING.H>
8 @) N8 N# w p9 ^0 [" l! j$ m#include <STDIO.H>- c# Z9 j Y3 F4 R& E; R7 c
int main(void) 9 ]" N. b, E$ x* F
{
char string[15]; 7 y% X+ [: C6 h) J! i
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 
. b: ]6 e+ I3 r' O- m- s' j3 @2 E# ostrcpy(string, "This is a string");
9 L! X8 _( ~% C8 Y& Y" y9 O! c1 pptr = strchr(string, c);
7 N- T& b" w7 x$ p/ Dif (ptr) & j, m) j: u' F0 D2 r0 B
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); - X; C; G6 u' Z+ M3 E' \
else
/ T! \) Q$ f; d) r: c, E7 B3 \" Eprintf("The character was not found\n"); ; [' b1 ?4 V, U, n
return 0;
! x" x% `" @( Y0 Z$ \}
# k: t7 @4 i2 }4 F7 d9 k3 ~9 \. A, E( _1 U$ d
% @3 J7 H4 C! E5 a" ~% e
* _6 y7 t: q! r. S
函数名: strcmp
/ Z& c: w( Q5 D) e. {功能: 串比较 2 f- q' c, d- z/ Y9 z$ g
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2); ! ?9 |# _7 |0 O
程序例: / `) x( T3 U( V8 r) W. F4 {
#include <STRING.H>
3 C! Y; @* q5 Q) f4 X#include <STDIO.H>' ]5 f/ m+ ^0 i4 L
int main(void) ( W) y2 a3 h6 m$ m3 @3 Z; Q% b
{
1 i1 b, l4 v. k. g) Uchar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
 i( A: | N7 c. L6 Yint ptr; 3 P1 J, h" r' k
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
! }) _1 ^( C" f$ E( Lif (ptr > 0)
$ A$ [. u* S6 d- B# Q1 wprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); / ~( S/ r1 P" `* g* h4 q
else 5 i! t. a( e9 _
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
) L$ W6 b$ ?( }! r- }4 J* fptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); + Q4 B2 n$ C1 Q0 ^* A& p
if (ptr > 0)
4 l6 {& }3 F9 u% T+ K3 Oprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
 y+ i" Z" F# }0 z1 D- I8 a& Ielse : Q4 c/ q* a. o/ R
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); & E8 l3 E8 C6 g% b
return 0; 1 K0 w, ?4 V" v! U- w
}
% J- k1 `, ~3 g1 E& e1 N2 [$ `/ V! r; c6 G/ y1 g6 M% {1 s

3 M1 Z5 C* P7 G# J# C6 N# K4 q; I) E
1 E0 z4 L% T. |- Y函数名: strncmpi " i1 U s' A3 x, N l+ L- M
功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 8 @4 d; Q) }( t/ V5 H4 L5 ~
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
" }7 Q& A0 c8 p y8 |程序例: 
$ R: G& I# j1 {#include <STRING.H>
! o3 H6 p7 m; e( b' r' _3 T; u#include <STDIO.H>
5 G: y6 s+ Z: J( y" Vint main(void)
$ u/ R- z S4 Z c{ 1 [) M& W" C% V$ x$ d8 S
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
( B5 R7 U0 Z4 @, Sint ptr; 
 M! n5 P- }$ j' Zptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); ! ?* ?5 f$ C; f6 P. d
if (ptr > 0)
4 T5 D. U& c, v. q" uprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
% D1 m& ]' N7 V* M4 yif (ptr < 0)
& ]* J3 P# a S& L: Aprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 4 S s$ F5 _. A1 Z6 j" G! e
if (ptr == 0)
% K1 R" u8 K0 C! r9 W1 O7 e0 [5 hprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
) h" r) |- i, H" _return 0; ' S$ q. B8 t4 _
} + H# r% K2 h/ ~5 V2 a" u
4 Y6 o; ^! t3 k4 x& ^8 k

* w( X/ f! c# F( V7 e* b1 i7 c4 }5 O' f& I
函数名: strcpy L" m7 b8 N1 t8 |# e0 S9 [2 P
功能: 串拷贝 ( j# [2 D! o' v. U
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
, k+ c. Q1 E/ k5 `' d) f程序例: 
# u1 N$ n1 n f d4 `9 F" y8 a#include <STDIO.H>8 G- q6 v' r+ e* I M: \8 Z
#include <STRING.H>. ]3 f) \9 L, a6 F: X0 Y/ W
int main(void) ; l( M1 V3 N0 Z9 C. y. F; w
{ 7 ~6 i/ @1 w/ X; Y! G
char string[10]; ( H9 M6 a' x' b" p+ |
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
( B0 Z) r$ Q, Z% s; W& Ustrcpy(string, str1); 7 G1 Z+ m' W" p+ k* I$ P
printf("%s\n", string);
6 x# Y# j& B9 t) w7 ^return 0;
! }9 L5 N5 ]: Y% D- @0 s} 8 \& z% m) B5 a6 l' t- ^, `7 Z. l

( \$ R* Y# y. D/ ~ b5 L3 q
5 f. w' `' ^# B7 J, H- {. A/ \( C9 b
4 ?: ?, f; s7 H. D函数名: strcspn 
, d( ]8 p* ^7 E& E5 j功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 7 u0 }, E3 V( _8 N4 U. G! b
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2); 7 g5 E) q. u {$ d2 a% }
程序例: % D" x& l/ D; \3 O3 J7 o
#include <STDIO.H>3 m- p7 M: r2 ~. N8 r( K" X2 N
#include <STRING.H>
' T6 B6 U- S; E2 H( U#include <ALLOC.H>
5 k1 N8 P/ e! T1 y) I# a- m. \int main(void) 2 J L5 i2 t: ~, ~% M
{ 4 g6 ?3 t2 C. Y$ @
char *string1 = "1234567890"; $ v0 K+ l+ p n% ?8 F4 u6 e
char *string2 = "747DC8";
, r$ ?2 k$ E7 d/ F2 V: Zint length; 
) k! g' m9 \7 U' A1 }, nlength = strcspn(string1, string2);
. o9 F8 g+ O" J/ j0 h$ _printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 
return 0;
}
' L: P: e. w" [6 t
0 w4 d- t* M1 [' M) l! [' m* n+ I# S4 V, N" c4 V+ m. h# J
, R* s9 \6 n; G$ s: E
函数名: strdup 
5 q0 W" J$ B5 |8 Z' T' K' y功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
6 P& t8 J+ E7 E8 [* C) @7 S8 y8 A用法: char *strdup(char *str); 2 E* O1 H6 }; r2 {! {0 _
程序例: 
8 Y( w" V. U$ n$ d#include <STDIO.H>
" y7 h2 e: ?) s8 L/ @9 U#include <STRING.H>
' n& z2 |% e3 \1 E5 d7 j3 m/ h#include <ALLOC.H>
( l, N( {0 S( C3 I! uint main(void)
1 f9 t( f/ `- C, }{
; |: u! p' F6 Uchar *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 6 q: M% v" }) o1 s& b( N
dup_str = strdup(string); 7 i, l3 u" k/ H7 c/ P* ?$ {$ J
printf("%s\n", dup_str);
! Y, T4 s, V; u Z9 Mfree(dup_str); 4 X) }- s0 F4 W% p
return 0;
 |, L7 G0 r2 u: v7 m8 k} # c3 b8 q3 f) b8 P K \3 H

- n7 M% m4 X/ X& M; {8 \) j4 [
8 H' t: e% V( y. K
9 R' ]( i# ]: I函数名: stricmp 
8 T0 F2 K7 B( N- B Q9 T5 b功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串 6 ]. c( D! H/ i4 K4 C9 u2 ]' B1 N# h
用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); $ g# b1 T: ~, G6 P( C0 s6 r" D8 o5 C) ]
程序例: 
 D& z7 N( j6 Q7 ~5 e1 Q; W- k#include <STRING.H>! L$ a' B9 G- X h9 B3 b! o3 I
#include <STDIO.H>
2 x' X% ]. J( G T+ ~' ?$ Lint main(void) + H: P1 Y+ M" l- Y) ~" P6 H
{ 8 U5 h: I, H7 @3 X
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; : x- K( [$ z% f3 E. Z# z3 h- K
int ptr; $ d$ k# S7 j7 f! |' U
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); " S& ^' A7 `# G% t3 ~6 U6 j% G
if (ptr > 0)
. _7 q( W8 F% b& _0 Q! ]; uprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
( J* o: t+ Y: tif (ptr < 0) ( n- P2 i* b) v7 @
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
5 J* `/ d2 |7 v& [% Fif (ptr == 0) 3 ^# N# l: o9 M4 u+ B6 l+ e
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 4 |" t8 D$ W1 Q' `, b' K
return 0; . N5 B% k$ ?% `% u* M5 H! i
}
: O4 C7 n0 |- u, u8 B5 T
1 M7 P6 p' H/ ^1 X9 C
. m. h# c0 E* h1 t, T函数名: strerror 
+ B7 r6 W0 b0 V% L) t* s功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
! K+ f5 p4 \ D$ T# s5 |用法: char *strerror(int errnum);
2 L1 K0 c# c: A程序例: 9 `* N, }& v+ ~# s V; q' l! W% F
#include <STDIO.H>" Z/ ?! f w3 g9 U/ B
#include <ERRNO.H>- P, x; U! ^4 S. c2 C) b0 Z
int main(void) + \9 @: _# w: C, x0 i
{ 3 J; z, `: A- B+ O
char *buffer;
' {& h, B7 ^( S2 A: ]buffer = strerror(errno);
5 M4 A: l4 O' r J* O# yprintf("Error: %s\n", buffer);
 l# j4 _# T+ R5 u7 Dreturn 0;
) `% H/ |2 h9 L8 C} & X2 p% U* Y' d9 Q+ g# G/ b, _ N) P

( z) \/ U- x2 G3 _$ v7 `# ]5 a1 ~( K, p8 f+ J' K( o9 U* K% W

6 q# i( X" a* e9 i3 Z! [* x/ o函数名: strcmpi 
1 q: ^6 H; Y: ~; ~# A$ @功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写
: c9 n0 K/ c. z6 L+ G用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 0 o4 k* }" a4 ]$ t+ P
程序例: + H. O7 v- o B p8 G
#include <STRING.H>
5 E7 z) j2 m& w. D c% t% F- b#include <STDIO.H>( J# S6 x" l% N( ~1 K1 i6 u# H
int main(void)
0 y. `/ P0 }* G. Q$ F2 W" C{ ' D3 y6 W, i0 R, e- J8 {
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; + c2 I r8 y, [
int ptr; 
& U3 Y7 z! n+ U7 u( _, S [ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
/ l$ G6 H' G7 t. e" _2 uif (ptr > 0) . O! |4 k3 M% b
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ' @) |! o5 R9 `
if (ptr < 0)
# q0 {) I" E3 U( `3 `printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); " n5 g D7 u: Q& t5 U/ Q: R% v/ v: N Z
if (ptr == 0) 2 x1 C! Q2 {% o( y# X
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); & F# a7 t5 R2 [; f$ F l. e
return 0;
5 O0 u/ F s' j, F9 c+ R' A- `! |# a}
4 V7 w W. w$ z4 o; I# L8 h+ M7 H; H9 A. ]% d3 f$ G, k/ v

6 S9 P1 p! s, s+ x+ T& \; y5 \8 Q7 S& _8 C& s% Y, D: r; n( j& @& c
函数名: strncmp ; \: c5 K7 T. z7 t9 c" a% o
功能: 串比较 . p2 n( n( A5 U
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen); 7 c, S- N) j) S" A. K4 [
程序例: 0 Z1 M8 J+ n" H X- n0 `* I
#include <STRING.H>, q: W+ E; \0 ]8 J7 C. N- J
#include <STDIO.H>, X9 W2 e" L0 e9 I5 l: \
int main(void) 
* W3 E/ j( U# q# E{ / |+ A- T& u! f: f: b6 k
char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; % Q/ W% Z, Q+ m! n
int ptr; 3 |' F- {' u6 A4 T
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); ! _: M2 M4 \8 Z# L( U8 }. O4 x+ |: |
if (ptr > 0)
9 {5 n* E( t9 y qprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
. x4 C f1 @6 w- s2 celse 4 g0 x: Z7 r6 p- H. I
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); # S! F' `( C4 |) \3 \" Y) Q
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3); 6 t2 I7 D. `& x
if (ptr > 0)
# U: N: I- y% g1 d; @printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n"); $ p' _: `9 n) }# ^2 m
else
& Q2 q5 M6 a. R# o, \3 Pprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
' R. c, }! r v4 T, X I9 t: M( Oreturn(0);
" t! S9 ~" v T5 n/ A! ~}
! V8 P' \. X7 k4 k1 S2 \
1 y" q* ]+ i* W+ C: M
+ B0 w& f% Z: j( N' h' F- H函数名: strncmpi 
6 T8 Z/ W* B6 y3 \# Q4 O7 c7 Q8 k' z功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写 ) l7 j2 _; W, p
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
% r5 f' k6 |2 s5 z |5 a4 K程序例: 
2 O: g+ H1 }6 d$ E& \9 _( g% {#include <STRING.H>; Z& G7 v9 k5 W( G( {3 u
#include <STDIO.H>
8 w f) N" h1 j; dint main(void)
2 I. I0 b4 W& c4 j& D" ~( M; P. z{
" Q) k' P' N( \: ~; W7 Uchar *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; 9 K6 q8 C2 m8 Z( D, A$ f1 G
int ptr; 
, d+ J6 Z/ o# `& ~- p+ { pptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); 
5 {' m1 K( A) G( a$ q8 cif (ptr > 0) & p- `/ B n6 W; {
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
2 u; [8 {5 W. p( r- j8 A% V3 ?, \if (ptr < 0)
# p! Q$ _( c& c: {printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); , W: ^1 N0 b- x; Y& Y
if (ptr == 0)
9 {% ]9 o4 j5 D: w: oprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 6 z# D O% \( I3 m3 o
return 0; - q5 e! Q) d3 I
} " E1 w' C4 W+ w& y% [: u

+ Y9 b; v3 p% Q" [( e# K! u/ p& \& L2 G6 N# G
函数名: strncpy 
 ]) ?/ P- [( c. [功能: 串拷贝 $ l, `' r: S; a
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
6 t" Y+ q1 j- G" Z- I程序例: 
7 ~: n1 R; Y- n0 p/ c: h# x0 d2 K* h#include <STDIO.H>0 H5 n( F% N; `7 M4 o2 b8 b9 B
#include <STRING.H>
4 `+ m* T% H+ g% F* C. X: k4 qint main(void) ' s" H+ R b& D& V# y+ p
{
( s2 S6 C, j8 q2 X+ Z& Ochar string[10]; 3 K% B" @/ V, {; ]# B
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
1 I4 {8 G) T' g0 ]strncpy(string, str1, 3);
1 b) q( s8 s X% }# Y# v6 bstring[3] = '\0'; ; ^% a1 D% X, V
printf("%s\n", string); & J# b1 }) w% m8 Z% z7 o0 Z& S
return 0; 3 U' j# e& u* }% N9 E
}
6 ~" z1 m p# `" }/ q# o
. [$ p0 ~6 u- B) q. f6 N
! l* s a) g y9 \1 p6 s) x函数名: strnicmp / l4 x) H/ w# |9 B
功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串
: M2 E% {" E. w" ^用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
 Z- k1 ^9 ?* J" I程序例: % [% n3 f* R2 x: J: H8 W0 V2 ?
#include <STRING.H>
. e7 ^ i$ @- j. f Q#include <STDIO.H>, R6 o4 W" v+ e' Y/ ]
int main(void) 9 c2 m' S# R* \
{
: n* O0 G. W0 [6 F# B5 t) ?char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; Z1 [6 Y% N% l# [6 G7 D! o3 K
int ptr; 
! B' |5 D p' Rptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); b; {4 ?' k9 {1 l/ x
if (ptr > 0)
$ p1 n: D+ E0 W4 S+ tprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
% o" P7 C$ f1 b- i1 d- E% Q* Hif (ptr < 0) , I- J" l+ U0 _6 e3 D! r
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); ' c% D# H& i `2 D
if (ptr == 0)
! {' D' z" L) M6 [. ~8 \" Cprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
! ~& M- j2 N: X% r! Qreturn 0; + |; k8 o0 b6 c! ]
} 0 J' X. K: S! E1 M( T5 c, V

" F+ H2 c6 K8 M- t) ]: S* G( _8 N9 V2 g$ Y% L9 w- E+ E

7 M8 M. H `! N! V函数名: strnset " a5 t; T/ k: H2 ]
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
* X: P2 C- }' r; b5 J% S用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n); 9 e+ j, U; \' X' ~6 S2 r
程序例: 
; U! h7 Z3 e. ]8 P#include <STDIO.H>
3 |0 g, w9 {# c" g% V( I#include <STRING.H>4 i; ~8 \# n: y$ j0 g( I- x9 }% a
int main(void)
6 M9 y2 r' [( N. f( v{
6 A5 d6 q: H U0 F, @: {char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
& K7 p9 P- R1 R$ d9 k; h7 wchar letter = 'x'; 
& b! D L4 G9 Z. `printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);
; Y; G: O( j' [# g8 s6 vstrnset(string, letter, 13);
5 E3 M0 i. ]1 y+ _/ _$ ~' N; F- vprintf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); 
7 Q" R+ `" t U% yreturn 0; 6 ^4 T/ S2 \0 T# Q ]
} # |# o8 r+ O7 u9 h: O2 n- I+ {2 U$ C/ q

9 r7 x9 m6 ~2 q) \9 T$ v( Z( v% J9 |" u* _+ y! i3 Y4 N
函数名: strpbrk b3 [: P+ ~# j; R! r* C5 l
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符 . D2 [8 [4 S" q/ I) z
用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
4 k, _! `* |- e6 G; o程序例: ) B( @4 t. M0 m: f4 R( m+ z
#include <STDIO.H>
& K) M0 F. I8 e% [$ ^+ H" A A#include <STRING.H>' G6 v: P: t+ V) }+ P$ k% `
int main(void)
$ J h5 F; I* K: A% Z{ " V- i8 @1 k$ o( h, K: O
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
: B5 L0 `* H) ]- s8 D7 H3 Pchar *string2 = "onm"; 9 a9 T1 W) A! ^ F; G
char *ptr; 
) V+ s$ X/ d& Fptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); 
1 O2 v* w" u3 P5 {5 zif (ptr) ( d8 j; G' ~) a4 h O
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); 2 A. U/ P5 @+ |" ]5 m
else
' Q& L0 P( X: Vprintf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); + N) [! W; C7 S
return 0;
! n; p; l' ` ^6 j. q4 q8 B} 2 \+ n4 u# g- @! z

; A# D+ {4 V5 {1 U7 ]) H
0 V# U! t& P5 u, F4 y, L
$ D# P0 [& B9 S9 C$ L& \函数名: strrchr 
" S7 a9 p; P- v" z$ @ S功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
3 N6 l, M. S% `9 q- b用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
6 z" M! E: d4 ^8 h+ x程序例: , G2 S% i' x5 {: W/ V
#include <STRING.H>
+ ?5 y2 a" W' a2 o#include <STDIO.H>
" b( ?- R- f( I" r1 rint main(void)
 z/ n8 H/ y2 U* ?" D" L{ % U. i" P! ^9 M! c' H" Q" [7 d
char string[15];
5 L% q- ^% v- s/ o6 U4 Pchar *ptr, c = 'r'; G J# J' D M& J
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); $ U! d- r" Y$ V, G' |& g0 i6 |
ptr = strrchr(string, c); 4 L/ W3 }5 @2 F. ^. Y( i j& u
if (ptr) , Z9 G+ @) c W9 K4 u3 F \( T
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); B0 M j4 [6 F
else
# d. z+ W' v' {1 x# u" `* |printf("The character was not found\n");
2 h# C# R& L* B# A2 treturn 0;
$ z' W- p5 Z% [) v7 }} , t% B( J1 G w* g
% d' L" C; i0 ^, _

 a$ \, x! _, H6 }' f$ c! u! S' H9 s0 K9 P% p- Z
函数名: strrev % z& w& ?. G/ t' l F
功能: 串倒转 ' ?! x/ U1 C. g y' }
用法: char *strrev(char *str);
" e" ?& p q# k2 I. v程序例: & y; ]8 k8 y5 }' d J+ F: n6 d
#include <STRING.H>
+ `+ r! g6 e! l#include <STDIO.H>0 R4 T' ]; C# w; e2 }
int main(void) , E) [& I( P. m; V+ s$ \
{
( l5 t7 X+ T' {$ S* ychar *forward = "string"; 1 b! H7 R L& D8 ~) N- _9 W3 P
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
! @: e/ H6 o& M# x6 X) ?9 dstrrev(forward);
+ H0 S& R% f! V9 D& A( v, ]6 e2 A$ Tprintf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);
4 M& N6 ~) M* a5 P. rreturn 0;
! a% _ `: }% J1 X5 k+ z+ B8 l2 l} 
% O0 e& N9 n6 [+ x0 |, y: Q, g* u a) q3 ]# A6 s
函数名: strset 
1 H' d3 g3 r% M6 r# X功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符 y, K$ I; o. M5 M
用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); ( @. J e/ E; D
程序例: 
' M7 ~. d$ |& F/ a' Q#include <STDIO.H>, |3 M# s+ b3 _: m, q* ? I
#include <STRING.H>
9 C* N `0 p2 M9 Mint main(void) 9 L+ _" |/ P6 F: P9 Q% E# T
{ ) b+ V j1 S0 U y* S
char string[10] = "123456789"; # ^. x- E: U. e6 B
char symbol = 'c'; 
0 L4 D+ u7 o, q( M. M5 `' U; Qprintf("Before strset(): %s\n", string); ' y9 z! T3 T; F2 g# C1 A1 ]
strset(string, symbol);
/ Z! p6 e+ p9 d5 r6 c0 ?printf("After strset(): %s\n", string); ( o: K8 F& `) D; R1 I/ m! Q
return 0; $ Q4 O! v( u; R3 V0 \
} 8 L; C& D: N X, `6 j3 k7 K; B

. Q! Z. I/ }# x& p$ W6 F7 q' R* G- B9 k
# ?. z g2 F! o4 m7 c& Z5 f) K0 X* F) D
函数名: strspn 9 _0 o5 C, X( G, m
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现 ' t% g3 Z) \# L6 u: |9 |
用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
+ L) i$ o1 f; Z. f程序例: Q0 \" ~% m2 ?) V! L
#include <STDIO.H>% i% c. ^1 S0 E z
#include <STRING.H>
! y4 E8 l5 l( E ]* r( f8 T: W) H#include <ALLOC.H>
8 k; c4 `3 x- M. |. g$ {+ sint main(void) * ^' R1 A X. R0 y1 M
{
 o0 Y4 K7 T+ e% `5 _char *string1 = "1234567890";
 ^! Y* t* N; Xchar *string2 = "123DC8"; / J- O9 [) r0 Y/ i2 N' G. L, m
int length; ( {; D" W! V! x6 n7 W
length = strspn(string1, string2);
- w; m( p$ f# {$ g; hprintf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length); ( G! a) }$ `: f3 [5 O& z* R
return 0; , u6 j/ g! A+ J
} ( i8 v! B9 C$ s9 ^

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函数名: strstr 
1 `( ?+ p1 X! Z- m }6 v功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现 & Q' V5 q' u. x3 M
用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); h! P& c9 T3 o% q M* B
程序例: ( w. `: A+ s: U: R1 G
#include <STDIO.H>3 P) h$ h$ j/ F/ U
#include <STRING.H>
% C/ S) u& Z' S% z% p: _/ aint main(void)
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char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 
( g( [! T8 m7 p) U/ L9 T) u! hptr = strstr(str1, str2);
7 O' H" _$ g/ m/ kprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
0 R1 X' I- q/ A( j9 E; o- qreturn 0;
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函数名: strtod ! a( L- ~% F& u6 P6 e. P8 \ ?. n1 i& Z
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 ' m/ z' @2 _- b# Z/ Y6 F6 Y, { k7 l
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
0 T& `9 ~" U" _. V( S8 }2 h程序例: 
- W! W7 x) s9 G( b: O/ ~#include <STDIO.H>
7 v) Q" t5 {. P; k1 E#include <STDLIB.H>
3 h$ _: A" k! r; M" Tint main(void)
) l5 t, q- {$ w2 o1 Z: Z, d4 S: V+ D{
 o- a/ J( K$ [* j" ochar input[80], *endptr;
. O: F: f, b( P+ ~double value; ( a e( v: ~8 @0 k) s4 Q5 a
printf("Enter a floating point number:");
) w6 Y1 M; c1 L/ k" U% [+ F4 ggets(input); ; k1 I9 \% S p8 B9 ^. u' C
value = strtod(input, &endptr);
 l+ R7 Z4 W3 ~6 B3 m9 P& }" J/ Q( Jprintf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value); # `4 b! Q4 ^) U N+ O) G
return 0; 3 L% v# d9 y/ Q
} ) ]+ X" U$ S3 q

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函数名: strtok ' h6 H* m: J9 D$ i
功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 4 f# ?9 I* m1 P( A$ w& C H
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
5 K- t8 j& n! H# ?3 E* A4 g程序例: " @6 @! O5 L" |4 p! t
#include <STRING.H>
# u/ o& r+ t3 Q#include <STDIO.H>2 h# B9 J3 d) D
int main(void)
$ g5 ]1 `7 ~. r# {9 ^{
5 f) g9 h2 ?9 j3 `) k9 Schar input[16] = "abc,d"; 5 R$ P2 J" v! M: B
char *p; o6 }: \& @ P, @
/* strtok places a NULL terminator & A* v7 G9 s/ r& I* \8 p
in front of the token, if found */ & ~3 W6 {- ]6 ]: Q, ]
p = strtok(input, ",");
- R) j4 M- }/ X' _- `if (p) printf("%s\n", p); 8 Z2 U% Y, E$ R, V# E3 [
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL " v6 q4 {. s+ Y
as the first parameter returns a pointer " z$ q% [" I- d, s
to the character following the token */
$ e( ~& @& G. Q$ `5 B( @p = strtok(NULL, ",");
0 p$ j2 P! P! u4 [8 N, {' A6 f0 V6 mif (p) printf("%s\n", p);
9 e& D' G, F3 I# Z# ^return 0;
& f+ K# O: R Z0 h; G" F) q} ! ]! r- e% H& X3 M
9 r2 M/ z% J% b& Q

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) o) ]+ m, N4 O7 H: e+ j: e6 Q函数名: strtol 
' s4 a5 h5 Y W4 S7 `9 ]! S功能: 将串转换为长整数
2 M$ \- W& v$ e, ^; v$ u( Q9 j用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
/ r: X; ^( s7 q7 _0 }2 T0 |$ e程序例: , A M0 i# M9 a" @- k
#include <STDLIB.H>; l6 R! L! t. f$ g$ \8 q$ Q
#include <STDIO.H>* H5 x6 @1 C; w/ E/ `- V% O
int main(void) 5 _8 O8 s" B0 ] q. q
{ : V5 n3 @1 `9 Y% U+ h& {; |$ P6 \- s
char *string = "87654321", *endptr; / `9 _# T& B9 D( V j
long lnumber; 1 ]2 k4 }* e5 c
/* strtol converts string to long integer */
# U$ K& i+ ~! g! d% hlnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
' O6 t# z1 P) u( W! Wprintf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); $ T2 T- c, p% b* q+ t
return 0;
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函数名: strupr ( K5 r) [; u* J& L" G
功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
# d5 H- G+ `" h# R( G& X, T) I用法: char *strupr(char *str);
) ^0 d0 d" Y/ {$ ?. D程序例: A) X6 Q/ f+ C/ C& o
#include <STDIO.H>
/ k- E. G: D. D5 d q' F! s#include <STRING.H>
- h* q! o" `: ^8 g" \int main(void) 2 Z! D1 H+ r. Q0 J4 Z8 w
{
4 [/ \* i) h0 c+ Tchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 7 _3 v) p7 Y9 J
/* converts string to upper case characters */
( S `2 E5 M3 r5 mptr = strupr(string);
! f# ?* P! v& _+ cprintf("%s\n", ptr);
) a2 t/ {6 l5 p0 H& F' x" preturn 0;
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函数名: swab 
2 d# k. D5 m( }0 @( A# {# S+ v功能: 交换字节
6 S! u0 g5 S2 s1 ]. {2 z; N/ i/ k用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
) j* P# A4 A0 R* @. l- A: u. t程序例: 
0 P& g7 M# m! w6 F. O1 _#include <STDLIB.H>
* y+ c8 n' ~2 } v( t#include <STDIO.H>4 v0 H5 a. U& I" K# _! _- z/ h7 W
#include <STRING.H>9 I. }& V j8 p$ O
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; ( B) x+ u8 I0 N) x
char target[15]; 0 E2 @+ x6 l6 c( D8 m% s
int main(void) 1 ~( n y* o( T
{ 0 @2 G6 d; l8 O8 Z* d
swab(source, target, strlen(source)); ( ]1 i `% d3 ^, i8 K' G( J1 F
printf("This is target: %s\n", target);
& ]/ M' V& f4 q4 ^; Freturn 0;
1 _ A7 P5 k$ |5 ]% D+ W- V}
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8 Y( k1 i6 s! H B. \1 @4 D函数名: system # X) H8 Z5 _0 n3 d# ?, E7 _, q
功能: 发出一个DOS命令
. ]2 K( g( j0 g& V, d. M& u8 o) O用法: int system(char *command); " t/ m6 t# [3 j. I
程序例: 
( ]) P) b% A7 o#include <STDLIB.H> S0 g J0 _+ s7 j8 {( s% G0 |( }
#include <STDIO.H>' J, z, S- H: a8 |2 u7 O
int main(void) ! [( {5 Z1 _1 Q% Q& s
{
2 U% g5 _- O0 C- o8 p. Eprintf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n"); 5 r2 L+ R& v. o! t1 K
system("dir");
" j$ v% q; q) F$ g/ E5 Zreturn 0; ) s1 w) M/ o' E6 c
}