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发表于 2004-10-4 02:55 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

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<

>函数名: sbrk 
功能: 改变数据段空间位置
用法: char *sbrk(int incr);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
printf("Changing allocation with sbrk()\n");
printf("Before sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
sbrk(1000);
printf(" After sbrk() call: %lu bytes free\n",
(unsigned long) coreleft());
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: scanf 
功能: 执行格式化输入
用法: int scanf(char *format[,argument,...]);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char label[20];
char name[20];
int entries = 0;
int loop, age;
double salary; 
<

>struct Entry_struct
{
char name[20];
int age;
float salary;
} entry[20]; 
<

>/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
scanf("%20s", label);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* Input number of entries as an integer */
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
scanf("%d", &entries);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
{
printf("Entry %d\n", loop);
printf(" Name : ");
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input an age as an integer */
printf(" Age : ");
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
<

>/* input a salary as a float */
printf(" Salary : ");
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */
} 
<

>/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary);

<

>/* Print out the data that was input */
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n",
loop + 1,
entry[loop].name,
entry[loop].age,
entry[loop].salary);
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n");
return 0;
}


<

>函数名: searchpath 
功能: 搜索DOS路径
用法: char *searchpath(char *filename);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char *p; 
<

>/* Looks for TLINK and returns a pointer
to the path */
p = searchpath("TLINK.EXE");
printf("Search for TLINK.EXE : %s\n", p); 
<

>/* Looks for non-existent file */
p = searchpath("NOTEXIST.FIL");
printf("Search for NOTEXIST.FIL : %s\n", p); 
<

>return 0;
}


<

>函数名: sector 
功能: 画并填充椭圆扇区
用法: void far sector(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int midx, midy, i;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;
int xrad = 100, yrad = 50; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* loop through the fill patterns */
for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i<USER_FILL; {
/* set the fill style */
setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor()); 
<

>/* draw the sector slice */
sector(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, xrad, yrad); 
<

>getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}

函数名: segread 
功能: 读段寄存器值
用法: void segread(struct SREGS *segtbl);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct SREGS segs; 
segread(&segs);
printf("Current segment register settings\n\n");
printf("CS: %X DS: %X\n", segs.cs, segs.ds);
printf("ES: %X SS: %X\n", segs.es, segs.ss); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setactivepage 
功能: 设置图形输出活动页
用法: void far setactivepage(int pagenum);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple pages. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int x, y, ht; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2;
ht = textheight("W"); 
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
setactivepage(1); 
/* draw a line on page #1 */
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message on page #1 */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* select drawing to page #0 */
setactivepage(0); 
/* output a message on page #0 */
outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:");
getch(); 
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
setvisualpage(1); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setallpallette 
功能: 按指定方式改变所有的调色板颜色
用法: void far setallpallette(struct palette, far *pallette);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* display the default palette colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* restore the palette colors */
setallpalette(&pal); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setaspectratio 
功能: 设置图形纵横比
用法: void far setaspectratio(int xasp, int yasp);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* claer the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a wide circle */
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* adjust the aspect for a narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setbkcolor 
功能: 用调色板设置当前背景颜色
用法: void far setbkcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple background colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int bkcol, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (bkcol=0; bkcol<=maxcolor; bkcol++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setbkcolor(bkcol); 
/* output a messsage */
if (bkcol == WHITE)
setcolor(EGA_BLUE);
sprintf(msg, "Background color: %d", bkcol);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setblock 
功能: 修改先前已分配的DOS存储段大小
用法: int setblock(int seg, int newsize);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
int main(void)
{
unsigned int size, segp;
int stat; 
size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */
stat = allocmem(size, &segp);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Allocated memory at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
{
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat);
exit(1);
} 
stat = setblock(segp, size * 2);
if (stat == -1)
printf("Expanded memory block at segment: %X\n", segp);
else
printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %d\n",
stat); 
freemem(segp); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setbuf 
功能: 把缓冲区与流相联
用法: void setbuf(FILE *steam, char *buf);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
/* BUFSIZ is defined in stdio.h */
char outbuf[BUFSIZ]; 
int main(void)
{
/* attach a buffer to the standard output stream */
setbuf(stdout, outbuf); 
/* put some characters into the buffer */
puts("This is a test of buffered output.\n\n");
puts("This output will go into outbuf\n");
puts("and won't appear until the buffer\n");
puts("fills up or we flush the stream.\n"); 
/* flush the output buffer */
fflush(stdout); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setcbrk
功能: 设置Control-break
用法: int setcbrk(int value);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int break_flag; 
printf("Enter 0 to turn control break off\n");
printf("Enter 1 to turn control break on\n"); 
break_flag = getch() - 0; 
setcbrk(break_flag); 
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setcolor
功能: 设置当前画线颜色
用法: void far setcolor(int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports */
/* multiple drawing colors. */
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, x, y;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* maximum color index supported */
maxcolor = getmaxcolor(); 
/* for centering text messages */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* loop through the available colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
/* clear the screen */
cleardevice(); 
/* select a new background color */
setcolor(color); 
/* output a messsage */
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setdate 
功能: 设置DOS日期
用法: void setdate(struct date *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date reset;
struct date save_date; 
getdate(&save_date);
printf("Original date:\n");
system("date"); 
reset.da_year = 2001;
reset.da_day = 1;
reset.da_mon = 1;
setdate(&reset); 
printf("Date after setting:\n");
system("date"); 
setdate(&save_date);
printf("Back to original date:\n");
system("date"); 
return 0;
}


函数名: setdisk 
功能: 设置当前磁盘驱动器
用法: int setdisk(int drive);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
int save, disk, disks; 
/* save original drive */
save = getdisk(); 
/* print number of logic drives */
disks = setdisk(save);
printf("%d logical drives on the system\n\n", disks); 
/* print the drive letters available */
printf("Available drives:\n");
for (disk = 0;disk < 26;++disk)
{
setdisk(disk);
if (disk == getdisk())
printf("%c: drive is available\n", disk + 'a');
}
setdisk(save); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setdta 
功能: 设置磁盘传输区地址
用法: void setdta(char far *dta);
程序例: 
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
char line[80], far *save_dta;
char buffer[256] = "SETDTA test!";
struct fcb blk;
int result; 
/* get new file name from user */
printf("Enter a file name to create:");
gets(line); 
/* parse the new file name to the dta */
parsfnm(line, &blk, 1);
printf("%d %s\n", blk.fcb_drive, blk.fcb_name); 
/* request DOS services to create file */
if (bdosptr(0x16, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error creating file");
exit(1);
} 
/* save old dta and set new dta */
save_dta = getdta();
setdta(buffer); 
/* write new records */
blk.fcb_recsize = 256;
blk.fcb_random = 0L;
result = randbwr(&blk, 1);
printf("result = %d\n", result); 
if (!result)
printf("Write OK\n");
else
{
perror("Disk error");
exit(1);
} 
/* request DOS services to close the file */
if (bdosptr(0x10, &blk, 0) == -1)
{
perror("Error closing file");
exit(1);
} 
/* reset the old dta */
setdta(save_dta);
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillpattern 
功能: 选择用户定义的填充模式
用法: void far setfillpattern(char far *upattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int maxx, maxy; 
/* a user defined fill pattern */
char pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00}; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxx = getmaxx();
maxy = getmaxy();
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* select a user defined fill pattern */
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
/* fill the screen with the pattern */
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setfillstyle 
功能: 设置填充模式和颜色
用法: void far setfillstyle(int pattern, int color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the fill styles supported */
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL",
"SOLID_FILL",
"LINE_FILL",
"LTSLASH_FILL",
"SLASH_FILL",
"BKSLASH_FILL",
"LTBKSLASH_FILL",
"HATCH_FILL",
"XHATCH_FILL",
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
"CLOSE_DOT_FILL",
"USER_FILL"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int style, midx, midy;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
for (style = EMPTY_FILL; style < USER_FILL; style++)
{
/* select the fill style */
setfillstyle(style, getmaxcolor()); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, fname[style]); 
/* fill a bar */
bar3d(0, 0, midx-10, midy, 0, 0); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setftime 
功能: 设置文件日期和时间
用法: int setftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct ftime filet;
FILE *fp; 
if ((fp = fopen("TEST.$$$", "w")) == NULL)
{
perror("Error:");
exit(1);
} 
fprintf(fp, "testing...\n"); 
/* load ftime structure with new time and date */
filet.ft_tsec = 1;
filet.ft_min = 1;
filet.ft_hour = 1;
filet.ft_day = 1;
filet.ft_month = 1;
filet.ft_year = 21; 
/* show current directory for time and date */
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
/* change the time and date stamp*/
setftime(fileno(fp), &filet); 
/* close and remove the temporary file */
fclose(fp); 
system("dir TEST.$$$"); 
unlink("TEST.$$$");
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphbufsize 
功能: 改变内部图形缓冲区的大小
用法: unsigned far setgraphbufsize(unsigned bufsize);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
#define BUFSIZE 1000 /* internal graphics buffer size */ 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y, oldsize;
char msg[80]; 
/* set the size of the internal graphics buffer */
/* before making a call to initgraph. */
oldsize = setgraphbufsize(BUFSIZE); 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output some messages */
sprintf(msg, "Graphics buffer size: %d", BUFSIZE);
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, msg);
sprintf(msg, "Old graphics buffer size: %d", oldsize);
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), msg); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setgraphmode 
功能: 将系统设置成图形模式且清屏
用法: void far setgraphmode(int mode);
程序例:

#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <GRAPHICS.H>#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int x, y; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
x = getmaxx() / 2;
y = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "Press any key to exit graphics:");
getch(); 
/* restore system to text mode */
restorecrtmode();
printf("We're now in text mode.\n");
printf("Press any key to return to graphics mode:");
getch(); 
/* return to graphics mode */
setgraphmode(getgraphmode()); 
/* output a message */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
outtextxy(x, y, "We're back in graphics mode.");
outtextxy(x, y+textheight("W"), "Press any key to halt:"); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setjmp 
功能: 非局部转移
用法: int setjmp(jmp_buf env);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <PROCESS.H>
#include <SETJMP.H>
void subroutine(void); 
jmp_buf jumper; 
int main(void)
{
int value; 
value = setjmp(jumper);
if (value != 0)
{
printf("Longjmp with value %d\n", value);
exit(value);
}
printf("About to call subroutine ... \n");
subroutine();
return 0;
} 
void subroutine(void)
{
longjmp(jumper,1);
}


函数名: setlinestyle 
功能: 设置当前画线宽度和类型
用法: void far setlinestyle(int linestype, unsigned upattern);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
/* the names of the line styles supported */
char *lname[] = {
"SOLID_LINE",
"DOTTED_LINE",
"CENTER_LINE",
"DASHED_LINE",
"USERBIT_LINE"
}; 
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int style, midx, midy, userpat;
char stylestr[40]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
/* a user defined line pattern */
/* binary: "0000000000000001" */
userpat = 1; 
for (style=SOLID_LINE; style<=USERBIT_LINE; style++)
{
/* select the line style */
setlinestyle(style, userpat, 1); 
/* convert style into a string */
strcpy(stylestr, lname[style]); 
/* draw a line */
line(0, 0, midx-10, midy); 
/* draw a rectangle */
rectangle(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/* output a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, stylestr); 
/* wait for a key */
getch();
cleardevice();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmem 
功能: 存值到存储区
用法: void setmem(void *addr, int len, char value);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <ALLOC.H>
#include <MEM.H>
int main(void)
{
char *dest; 
dest = calloc(21, sizeof(char));
setmem(dest, 20, 'c');
printf("%s\n", dest); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: setmode 
功能: 设置打开文件方式
用法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <FCNTL.H>
#include <IO.H>
int main(void)
{
int result; 
result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
if (result == -1)
perror("Mode not available\n");
else
printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
return 0;
}



函数名: setpalette 
功能: 改变调色板的颜色
用法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, maxcolor, ht;
int y = 10;
char msg[80]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
ht = 2 * textheight("W"); 
/* display the default colors */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setcolor(color);
sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
outtextxy(1, y, msg);
y += ht;
} 
/* wait for a key */
getch(); 
/* black out the colors one by one */
for (color=1; color<=maxcolor; color++)
{
setpalette(color, BLACK);
getch();
} 
/* clean up */
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: setrgbpalette 
功能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
用法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green, int blue);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
/* of the setrgbpalette function. */
int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
struct palettetype pal;
int i, ht, y, xmax; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
} 
/* grab a copy of the palette */
getpalette(&pal); 
/* create gray scale */
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; setrgbpalette(pal.colors, i*4, i*4, i*4); 6 A+ ^1 ?( U7 ^+ i& h
/* display the gray scale */
8 d+ g9 G4 v- b/ @* uht = getmaxy() / 16;
1 ^! J1 L; g0 G, I. k+ n$ Rxmax = getmaxx();
- N# ] E+ ~+ l s0 A: q fy = 0; . C: j2 e! F) O; q; ^ C0 p$ R
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; { 7 d) W. M' s7 h4 f7 C
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
# _" s1 Y. p8 K rbar(0, y, xmax, y+ht); + I4 v- @1 f, _5 y( y4 X( L+ H
y += ht;
/ X7 ^. G+ k, M. J5 }1 ^5 _} 
% @$ C0 A2 f+ H, D+ N/* clean up */
' N" y* A! ] Kgetch();
/ b& A4 u b- C9 b# vclosegraph(); 5 t1 g; _& T9 w# S* T9 ^
return 0;
& W P) l" s2 {! q} 6 A4 l- G0 z$ \$ h3 o! \

% s5 A* B/ C* C. Z. t+ k; {( W B1 ^) a8 T: ^+ [
 N- J5 s& v7 w8 c% b+ q" B
函数名: settextjustify 
( B) {. h! ~, J2 i% }" ` Q功能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式 3 Z- ~$ `1 i0 z3 s: g& F
用法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
( }& k! w2 [9 }程序例: z8 }2 Y- U" f; X, N
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
: V: _+ i+ C3 \2 e: X4 q$ }#include <STDLIB.H>
5 k7 P5 M5 j; X4 Z1 f#include <STDIO.H>7 o' S- V9 B }' j
#include <CONIO.H>, t- S+ w8 [; j. j6 w
/* function prototype */ ! u: ]- J; \ a7 F- M# F5 R3 V
void xat(int x, int y); 
. {. A/ q* O+ \) P5 t; k/* horizontal text justification settings */ ) F# ^/ G+ Q, U
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
' {3 V E# V1 Z8 P"CENTER_TEXT",
% u# ]/ u) `/ s4 g# i1 P"RIGHT_TEXT" 7 e3 F& U# H7 b
}; " v4 K3 t: i5 }* x
/* vertical text justification settings */ 4 @# ]! Q9 x8 K, D
char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", : Z" U W5 W7 p! L8 ?8 f
"CENTER_TEXT",
2 r! w3 M# p% y; e" u4 b"RIGHT_TEXT" & r7 R9 p, i+ E& @& k$ o
}; 
7 M7 [! n# q- Bint main(void) ( z: x5 O4 h4 d! h0 r- c" L- |
{ 0 j; K2 I, E8 ]0 N1 R+ V
/* request auto detection */
" f, T8 J3 _* z- E- |int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; . q" `+ O) q+ S' g
int midx, midy, hj, vj;
$ E2 @1 g0 C0 v! nchar msg[80]; 
/ _/ \ G) R# B& f5 x/* initialize graphics and local variables */
) | X! J5 o/ zinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
- M1 g* I2 l3 t/* read result of initialization */
( s6 ^, H) I, T5 j d* ierrorcode = graphresult(); . v, W. X2 z! A
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 9 _8 n( t9 [" J) X) G( j& H8 W
{ 5 U2 T/ N1 _* l- D- @( C
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ' c' W9 A5 B- g9 E
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ' [$ E4 y4 j7 e* e, ]$ C0 i( W
getch(); . v2 A! s# n5 ^8 ], T' N
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
* A5 T! A+ ]% {+ e4 Z' s" ]} 7 q6 E, a& O! e* u
midx = getmaxx() / 2; . m! g# c8 N, i" ?7 ^# z
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
( L# ^& K! x. ^: g" U/* loop through text justifications */
' ]; ~! m) x/ K. x4 K% Ffor (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj<=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
( @2 P: M5 e& M' O8 Efor (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj<=RIGHT_TEXT; vj++) ' i8 J* T c8 L
{
, }9 H) H) \( j% p; Z" K$ h H5 Ncleardevice();
' F$ ^! f3 v- F5 s! x8 f- O/* set the text justification */ 4 h' Y& e7 n4 k, I% [
settextjustify(hj, vj); N/ r' w- m4 N& l2 x
/* create a message string */
6 Q4 c8 j4 q; y; F2 u5 Rsprintf(msg, "%s %s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]); 9 T5 D- Q% x( x; B3 f" M
/* create cross hairs on the screen */ 9 y# F7 Y( c. h# ?" o- k- R
xat(midx, midy); 0 k) g# J2 n# C) A
/* output the message */ ! ~$ [6 Y$ z3 ]& q, u
outtextxy(midx, midy, msg); / G' x* y. d, W( r0 u6 I3 Z
getch(); " E1 D8 p* s. G! |
} 
2 A V6 _: h, S0 w# y2 z3 M; k0 d( R/* clean up */ % l+ P, F _# o& i
closegraph(); 2 r. q. `. W1 B0 ]: }
return 0;
% U; I5 q5 f' D2 j6 R0 |# a} 
" d$ `1 i! z+ q" {2 O+ k2 {- u/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
4 d6 g+ `2 ?. `: ]void xat(int x, int y) 2 I1 y9 C0 ^# w( A
{ * N4 d6 O- G! j# D
line(x-4, y, x+4, y); / t, k z% E+ b* I1 X+ i
line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
3 j3 {2 S+ u2 m# i2 V} 
: m! _1 x3 j2 Z+ A* u) ~# q9 T y1 j' r5 y$ N$ d: u- a

, O0 M+ M$ @6 W2 V% E* f函数名: settextstyle J+ u: p# K% Z0 [ a
功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
% e; g+ s& N% C$ s/ N用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); # q1 u2 o- ^1 I6 @$ P, b* t
程序例: " A; z1 s5 t3 N
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
( F2 Z" V5 E- ^ l2 P u#include <STDLIB.H>
# Q' ^6 Z7 X6 `& l3 p#include <STDIO.H>% Q* N, u1 H( y# h) ^
#include <CONIO.H>
& ^1 q w8 w/ k1 r) ?5 q/* the names of the text styles supported */
; W. e/ f0 E2 O1 kchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
9 L, ]$ r% T3 r"TRIPLEX font", : k( n& S; \: t! i9 e+ v+ o
"SMALL font",
6 L' e0 d+ y- K) t" b"SANS SERIF font", 5 R# y: \/ |7 F
"GOTHIC font" # J y) f$ l( ]8 S
}; 
; |# I7 z4 T, ]" zint main(void)
( K% P+ u( b6 _) M, Q- G# Z{
' r0 o0 s7 Y* N# O. [- n' @/* request auto detection */
$ n9 i: K1 i, e* W- ?( [* U$ n/ w5 K; kint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ; A, ?$ x9 S, x( H; o, c$ W, ^
int style, midx, midy;
, F0 T% K: ~, L* x1 n6 T% cint size = 1; 
5 w. b4 s% F, I( f) X0 ?" B, w; X1 x/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 3 B" G+ B- W* b4 t! U3 m0 t9 J
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 2 P) I, _% y$ @2 i! a7 \' p( S
/* read result of initialization */
1 d4 c) h5 {6 l6 t, O) C: jerrorcode = graphresult();
/ C1 Y, R* | D) }# m: P: D: _if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
& g! `& b, l1 ]6 P( b$ P{
- l* V0 y9 ?, N! B* Z! _printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
. Q- B6 }3 c6 Z* x2 m, ?; vprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 9 l% k% b1 T) _" W' D1 @
getch();
* d7 Y b, V B/ |5 L+ q% v5 Vexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ $ C1 ` [4 s* ]4 D
} " r6 a. D2 G+ P/ x5 w+ H, g3 g; L
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
- a% B \8 H/ c, mmidy = getmaxy() / 2; - J( P! E& B9 s8 F1 k) h
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
, n" W, E. ?. X+ |$ I/* loop through the available text styles */ ; {% g3 _8 O6 K. q6 |5 K
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
0 K1 K' k" F5 ^3 \& b# D{
4 |% l+ ?) ~3 x* w3 p: i: @cleardevice();
9 x2 x4 }4 D4 `, f1 e% bif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
( x' z, I3 `' p9 o0 gsize = 4; 
5 h- |- [% f/ t8 p/* select the text style */ $ p; n% h p- o% j B
settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
 j/ c8 U, p% x' N) ]8 k; M( }/* output a message */ 0 B g7 G$ ]6 W# T4 M
outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
. [8 U; t; H6 N8 [, ogetch();
: e2 d/ [# m' R s5 Z. S5 j+ \} 
$ E$ }* |! E) L* d9 n" e3 H/* clean up */
! z/ c0 Z/ `4 |# c0 bclosegraph(); 2 b3 l k4 i* ^$ j9 U3 i: R
return 0;
$ T' C4 q4 C6 T' V} + Q7 o+ Z# b7 z. ~- x

+ H8 [( z8 b8 L
9 f; R$ P$ C; v4 O. O函数名: settextstyle 
 C# m( l% C$ {+ [* H# Z0 y* r9 `功能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
2 m* f7 r9 f/ z1 T( I! O* n用法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size); f2 V& z1 P! p0 q' m- v- r
程序例: 
) |8 M4 [1 Y `7 Z0 @' Y#include <GRAPHICS.H>/ `7 D" C+ l6 N% ?$ z
#include <STDLIB.H>
/ r0 ?6 L0 y( c5 }/ u& T# O#include <STDIO.H>' ]2 E4 e8 ?6 |9 O( ^1 Q3 q1 M
#include <CONIO.H>
+ |' R# B3 Q" q% ]8 O/* the names of the text styles supported */
) d; q w9 P& H& E8 U- f4 ?6 Kchar *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font", 3 W2 Q+ s8 F& d9 I+ T
"TRIPLEX font",
9 A( z ?1 N/ x/ \. _"SMALL font", , Z8 g; |. h, M: S3 W
"SANS SERIF font",
- t; Y' w% a" g+ `9 r+ V, h"GOTHIC font"
* h8 C3 i! F9 x, k$ }}; 
' ~9 B" y" F' S1 f* z4 qint main(void) 5 k5 v; }) F9 t8 Q3 \# D$ D9 q
{ ! M: i; L( y+ B- E
/* request auto detection */ 2 w8 A8 C% u) J. K8 R
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; % k' {9 x' T5 | j8 B
int style, midx, midy;
0 P* [5 F1 a" L8 n' L. ]int size = 1; 6 | G" {& {6 t/ J
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ - b" Y7 T5 T5 T4 s
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
* v7 `% d* Y6 U/* read result of initialization */ 1 e2 ? Q5 Z' `6 z4 Z& Y6 m, ^* \ Q
errorcode = graphresult(); - D) a' Q, c% J% k/ `7 Y
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
! g F2 Y/ V' h; ^/ z- L6 n{ - i. n" |8 g( j- B& T
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 4 \: ]4 K5 n( u( q+ R0 l( r7 n4 _
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ( E' M5 R6 O* A# _
getch(); ( s2 `# y2 n4 \& k' f
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
; S# w6 X1 g c! ~5 r} 6 L7 C1 M$ z4 i2 [, Y
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
9 v) t; ]; }1 v2 T$ x& _. U9 Umidy = getmaxy() / 2; " K* o! Y* }& I$ l- Q, W, B
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ) R9 k! P- s8 a& Z
/* loop through the available text styles */ & |# a6 p& F! D0 {9 C, h
for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style<=GOTHIC_FONT; style++) ) d" w! K/ w- \2 \+ C
{
7 p' M( y2 u: b) ecleardevice();
& l/ g- H: e5 \. Gif (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
0 v3 f3 I$ k8 [! ]" U- bsize = 4; 
2 Y/ p3 C( A+ r X/* select the text style */
5 o: G) s" G1 z$ |settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size); 
3 i1 t- L9 P$ ?. ^/* output a message */
# ?) m+ ?2 {9 \! L wouttextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]); 1 ]+ A! z' V3 k3 w* q H$ Z! q6 d( D
getch();
' h0 B$ y0 n, m5 R( }" D} 
' V. v! i& \) U4 X: }; M/* clean up */
$ L! u) O% X+ g# @( qclosegraph();
6 k+ W$ O, y0 d, V2 R, |+ ^( oreturn 0; ' @0 X6 }7 k& ?1 |
} & g4 P$ S) d& e

& q( I! z/ {* g. N0 S, \% u, J* k5 j# @
函数名: settime 
6 `" ?( u2 n+ }: y3 c& G0 V功能: 设置系统时间
% S6 }" N2 D$ V# H: \用法: void settime(struct time *timep); / h; u I# ^. R: a% h( r
程序例: 
; t% G9 L; Q( j9 |* q# `) U#include <STDIO.H>$ h1 d% x! K8 ?& _
#include <DOS.H>
7 d$ s2 i+ U+ h! Y0 P! y' Fint main(void) 9 e. Z) z! Z4 L2 A% d2 }
{
! e- _7 `$ p/ ~! K- M' U7 Pstruct time t; 2 J! f" R1 ]3 B* f# Q( A
gettime(&t);
0 @& x2 ~7 o+ xprintf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
5 i+ E% l7 N, A) m$ H7 K8 `6 Hprintf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour); - o" _1 }9 J0 F1 ?$ |* O( H% ^' S! V
printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund);
 f& s+ _8 X3 w4 S/ lprintf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec); 
 T' r8 U; R+ V" G- P2 p& ]6 r/* Add one to the minutes struct element and then call settime */
( J! \5 B8 Q6 y5 l+ C0 }, g' ut.ti_min++;
1 T) J/ p, m% z; Z6 T- C L: H8 esettime(&t); 
% p8 v8 V% a$ V9 \$ J: y. x/ ?return 0; . ?# d* S' S$ ?6 @6 M( E
} 
7 W: ^4 o+ L: F/ l9 W5 K& p% r- t# Q" V. G

6 K( e" b4 ?* p/ h函数名: setusercharsize 
* U1 v" D. q: Y3 n0 o功能: 为矢量字体改变字符宽度和高度
6 Q/ N, }5 t- j& ~( a8 U用法: void far setusercharsize(int multx, int dirx, int multy, int diry);
' `7 l6 C1 V" [& h8 k, S4 X程序例: 
- J, ]: k8 M. n0 [( K#include <GRAPHICS.H>; {) l7 G) k( Q
#include <STDLIB.H>
0 y# _% P1 J+ @- ~) b#include <STDIO.H>6 I7 E0 `+ }( H/ F2 K4 |, m r
#include <CONIO.H>" ]6 J' ]" T$ u+ \. d& v" h1 U
int main(void)
; I9 v5 ~: t5 {( ? o: ~3 f{
! a' @* x; m$ ?/* request autodetection */ ; w# z" l, w v4 E
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
; _2 ?) U. J9 ^# f4 E5 O/* initialize graphics and local variables */
! k+ y8 q8 t7 |# f7 Y3 Y& }) B5 t0 iinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 5 Q2 W5 K1 f9 Z+ L4 S
/* read result of initialization */ 5 S& i, I5 R. R- D2 a# i
errorcode = graphresult();
# r+ `" x$ B/ Q5 ^if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
- }8 m' A9 i7 O/ I. R{ 0 `4 R7 Y/ F) c( [9 e
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
$ X r; ]" M2 c% [# t4 q$ [printf("Press any key to halt:");
$ U# g% e2 w3 p1 K" T4 Lgetch(); 8 O/ J3 g- x- [. c1 b! B
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ / I8 h U4 }4 r6 x
} 
1 @2 e$ b! p5 r/* select a text style */ $ p9 q' |: a# ?+ c; q0 O& _ `
settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4); 
1 N. @" P% Y% i, _' M m6 L/* move to the text starting position */ % Z8 H9 G4 m7 P) i0 y
moveto(0, getmaxy() / 2); 2 }" J, h3 E) f& j+ C
/* output some normal text */
* v: D2 s* V) Y9 douttext("Norm "); 6 y3 {, H: F6 x/ |" `# O
/* make the text 1/3 the normal width */
3 o2 \# F4 R5 o! ^2 esetusercharsize(1, 3, 1, 1); / M* M. a/ B, l3 x$ ?; s2 ]& I
outtext("Short "); - `$ W3 x; g1 s5 s4 w
/* make the text 3 times normal width */ , A% w" e: r4 x/ ^" q9 N# Z
setusercharsize(3, 1, 1, 1); / n" Z1 Z7 ?3 e, j3 ~& Q
outtext("Wide"); 
) J$ n. J! p# |; T2 ]- c4 e0 B! n/* clean up */ ' b: L6 E& U2 \6 x) W9 @. [- ~* t
getch(); + P5 f( E3 f1 I' G5 D
closegraph(); 5 D4 s" W' N) \8 _" z! d
return 0; 9 M; \ A$ x5 m& m7 q
} 
3 j7 i: J$ s' R' Y7 Y" O4 X3 f* K2 g; T7 b, U) g& {
函数名: setvbuf 
 C/ A+ u0 q4 v6 |0 Y& v ]功能: 把缓冲区与流相关 5 r4 g1 h: ?. x! I$ D3 a
用法: int setvbuf(FILE *stream, char *buf, int type, unsigned size);
! P. W4 V# C* y$ P程序例: 
3 G3 I h0 A+ D2 T7 [$ O#include <STDIO.H># e8 h/ ]7 b$ A6 m7 B0 C! l
int main(void) 6 P) b/ P! v6 r! }: ?$ N
{
' A0 Z& ~4 L1 n2 uFILE *input, *output; * M- T9 v* C: D9 ]
char bufr[512]; 
2 v+ r4 \. s6 y* {4 s/ Q" a5 c1 X1 e' vinput = fopen("file.in", "r+b"); & }1 V4 w ], E* G) R+ s0 K
output = fopen("file.out", "w"); * \' V% f9 f1 o2 V* E6 T
/* set up input stream for minimal disk access,
' Q" S S& q1 qusing our own character buffer */
5 }5 G/ F) q3 _9 ?2 k6 v% Zif (setvbuf(input, bufr, _IOFBF, 512) != 0) * G3 ?/ q9 ~& \1 ~/ v$ F
printf("failed to set up buffer for input file\n");
; R! [# ^3 `+ i. Lelse }# G$ [6 J( r" n' p
printf("buffer set up for input file\n"); 
% v) I7 o% \) j, N/* set up output stream for line buffering using space that
/ h ^; X$ |9 P7 E/ q) dwill be obtained through an indirect call to malloc */
* _$ b% N& @+ y9 P( D! jif (setvbuf(output, NULL, _IOLBF, 132) != 0) 1 u& W/ |; ?( e- }
printf("failed to set up buffer for output file\n");
. ]2 s, W+ v0 v6 {: ^else + s* c+ F. o* O. [# K
printf("buffer set up for output file\n"); 
4 x5 L7 u. S: r. f/* perform file I/O here */ 
- q) i3 ^6 U! j, t6 Y3 B/* close files */
4 Z+ P4 \0 I9 `2 J$ yfclose(input);
 f, b6 q4 b3 _% f0 D6 ?6 R" e% vfclose(output); , B8 M- H0 Z. E5 |
return 0;
6 U3 ^* s. }' t* i3 w9 M) S} 5 j# J' g8 C! }/ F5 R

9 V" Z, V6 x1 o2 X! t% t
9 Z+ z/ a# [2 s: j' }1 k& O
3 O0 `& b! W" C# U2 w# V$ i. T函数名: setvect % L& {( b/ X+ E" y- c. l D$ q4 S
功能: 设置中断矢量入口 " L: C0 ^' {7 j" C# T
用法: void setvect(int intr_num, void interrupt(*isr)());
4 `3 m2 {, ~6 j8 @+ E程序例: 9 t: i3 h9 E: A
/***NOTE:
% C2 x6 D j. n& {& f/ XThis is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this Y4 }5 Z6 r5 K1 H& k! W
program with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable
, u; Y- @' `7 e M7 s% ]* tfile which will operate correctly. */ 
! J( I) z7 r: s#include <STDIO.H>
) W# P, p- x, n7 q N# P. R#include <DOS.H>
1 C& ]1 R. |' e2 d+ i% y#include <CONIO.H>
; z/ V4 c2 J, o" G; j#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick interrupt */ ' }, l# m% o6 @ V# Z
void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void); $ ^( A$ t6 g) ?2 N- q) n
int count=0; / O4 e9 z0 u, y3 F8 C$ i
void interrupt handler(void) 3 [5 j+ [ C: g4 H
{
4 l8 H; ?' ?* I5 E/* increase the global counter */ 0 A# [+ u- W. ~' ^% Z! M3 N
count++; 
$ ^# K+ ?- ^/ u% j: A& L/* call the old routine */
- X0 b( T1 o. ]7 v2 b7 Yoldhandler(); . I# L1 o( w. J7 q1 ^% x5 V* E
} 9 e8 u% W3 t. ]5 P8 G' L) v% F4 B
int main(void)
/ i: T8 B' f( P' ?; Q! E; p+ T" J8 r{ + E5 z( K( w6 @# {+ r- s: C2 ~
/* save the old interrupt vector */
- H9 k7 o1 l/ y- ~oldhandler = getvect(INTR); / W h$ T1 F0 W T& [( h* [
/* install the new interrupt handler */
8 O4 J4 T) z( \: s5 _' K9 J) Rsetvect(INTR, handler); 
: K# z# q) `) n! j/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */
' F( D/ `5 b/ Q* Ewhile (count < 20) ( `9 E2 ~7 Y! o4 }4 w
printf("count is %d\n",count); * g. n1 w1 `$ V% P9 ~! E, A
/* reset the old interrupt handler */ , P. Y# g: Q8 U& M+ ?
setvect(INTR, oldhandler); 
/ s) w! N" H, A; Hreturn 0;
( i. V! _5 p+ X: b$ f- P# k}
% o9 C/ |' Y: i; l" n: z
; o d) H1 b/ @, H9 N2 ~4 {4 Q- a l" a, I( t
函数名: setverify 8 a' T' ] h5 w- [
功能: 设置验证状态
0 V) V' k- X) J7 l3 t; s: L) Q用法: void setverify(int value); ( r6 @1 y8 I: F5 [. O$ n
程序例: & l( M; d$ Y% b
#include <STDIO.H>
. G* \$ V9 p" `#include <CONIO.H># H! A* B6 ^$ u# P
#include <DOS.H>) v* P& l3 a4 U* z
int main(void) $ d+ w; C T+ W o# H
{
; D1 W8 F! k* g" wint verify_flag; 
* Z" l" L0 R* I; pprintf("Enter 0 to set verify flag off\n");
* z' o/ r( q) Z+ Sprintf("Enter 1 to set verify flag on\n"); " p% ]5 }$ L0 A3 b, x# g
verify_flag = getch() - 0; " Y9 R1 Z: f3 E1 N
setverify(verify_flag); 
: m& x3 n* D6 V6 R E3 [if (getverify()) 3 T* l3 e9 g0 B) z: T4 u
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n"); # R" x- v1 Z4 P* _: B1 j( T9 U
else
! B, P& f1 P/ B: X# y- Dprintf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 
9 j( s8 B1 N3 r5 q: l$ Qreturn 0;
: M8 ^8 d8 ?6 d' C$ z0 Z} % G6 w2 w+ F) X' N4 F2 C8 Q0 I

. O" j: }+ K* a0 q% z, h' \( T! O7 E/ V$ H/ @( _1 |/ V4 v
函数名: setviewport 
) H4 Q" J& l- v功能: 为图形输出设置当前视口
5 R1 e( D9 N& l. E& v8 C. G用法: void far setviewport(int left, int top, int right, $ W, Q3 s7 ?8 h6 h; Q; I! n
int bottom, int clipflag); 4 N. r7 P+ u8 V( M2 M" H
程序例: % n& j% O j2 [: T
#include <GRAPHICS.H>8 G. {! m! L- r7 d; S5 h
#include <STDLIB.H>
# t# d0 x: I. D& q5 ~6 z' Q% R0 V#include <STDIO.H>5 y9 j) }+ h& P
#include <CONIO.H>3 D& u) }8 T1 ?/ H! s
#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */ 
" ~) r- l7 L. bint main(void)
1 E7 _ \5 ~! }{
7 g" s% b+ R$ D# Q& h2 w0 n/* request auto detection */
# W x9 ?( [6 B3 p7 i% b6 uint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; , l7 [4 {0 B8 D6 w! ~
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
) _1 ?7 k9 D! L" I+ T: I) j+ cinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ( P/ @+ Y. j: s1 k- ?! b
/* read result of initialization */ 2 A& O3 I1 ^* o J/ w
errorcode = graphresult();
; b1 _4 y5 k7 i& m y; y3 w* }; H9 qif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
% l' i7 x N7 s% T! I{ 6 w. ~/ s, {& ~ s' `
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ) C5 Z% T% v( r
printf("Press any key to halt:"); ! f5 z$ {* p0 `4 `
getch();
" S( z8 w& w+ o# u; w# \- z+ aexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ * K7 b# m$ f4 h" \$ U# W0 A
} 
( X5 e: w& o3 f' Usetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
6 `+ W9 M4 ^6 m/* message in default full-screen viewport */ 6 L; ^/ @% z& t$ k
outtextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in default viewport"); / T; [4 D6 I. C* O: _- m
/* create a smaller viewport */ / R- \( V, {* Z8 ?3 |
setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON); 
5 J) H0 v$ J$ n3 a1 J ^/* display some text */
% A, p- u, {5 d1 ~: J7 n3 L( r% Iouttextxy(0, 0, "* <-- (0, 0) in smaller viewport"); % ?' P/ x% {) u- A! X$ J
/* clean up */ # i" I7 G* ~% u! h! @$ e! J! _9 U3 c
getch(); . f- ^' {4 x" ?; e/ @
closegraph();
3 y# r) q* x. a$ t4 Q+ i ereturn 0; 3 R. `) c8 m" i" Y, w
}
4 I. l% [% o0 y& Z8 y
$ k' ]7 m& E }
/ V4 z& ^6 x6 s$ [0 L6 h" [2 k9 }函数名: setvisualpage ! U5 z/ }8 ] Q/ w
功能: 设置可见图形页号
4 d+ s! A. w( c; G. d Q% y用法: void far setvisualpage(int pagenum);
3 X* X' o% e0 K0 }4 A程序例: 
 n) g: x, O% K# U#include <GRAPHICS.H>* e9 @: t9 g4 z. O; y) c( e
#include <STDLIB.H>
2 y6 c$ Z/ P L+ ~#include <STDIO.H>
' k4 R: p- ^& Y% K+ m#include <CONIO.H>
8 P: x$ U. E! @# B7 @int main(void)
( i( A( Q: R0 _9 N) T- b3 ]{
' W5 ^- {) y' |/* select a driver and mode that supports */ 5 u' P8 R$ y. p, w9 ` z
/* multiple pages. */ - J! J/ Q9 @$ @- J0 ?3 n. R S
int gdriver = EGA, gmode = EGAHI, errorcode;
' t( p* { Y9 ~" ?int x, y, ht; " j2 N) {: K% M+ l+ ?7 H
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
: p5 g- T0 m# R, \initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ! d, }8 D- m; O; ^! [" i( I! O
/* read result of initialization */
& i0 m. y/ W% i0 }# [2 kerrorcode = graphresult(); 5 T' T, j9 C5 G3 ?
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * o7 e& I& x4 R. I2 C! `1 V
{ & t4 K. y% M: T. P* Z$ A! l6 D8 s3 |: P
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); . S/ w5 \2 I7 p
printf("Press any key to halt:");
* V2 v! t- C' k) Fgetch();
: F, w6 ~4 {3 d/ h4 c9 \( R6 sexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
3 x* x4 M3 i5 G% S0 G} 
; O' d" G8 R; R& c$ ^x = getmaxx() / 2; 4 k% z4 D$ L! q& j0 R+ y' |9 G$ R
y = getmaxy() / 2; 3 D" Z. U# M$ y9 Z4 i" `! Q, M$ a
ht = textheight("W"); , H0 X; z3 T, c, M \' P9 G
/* select the off screen page for drawing */
) \* m) |7 X, D+ b( M7 Y" ysetactivepage(1); 
! i, k4 T. }8 s: D# e/ ^, W! J/* draw a line on page #1 */
/ t6 C7 W1 a$ yline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
- O0 M. \7 k ], K L) n1 G/* output a message on page #1 */ 0 y4 D) g. k6 P: M& L
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
/ W: R+ M! C% @ a- E, }outtextxy(x, y, "This is page #1:");
 K8 a8 O: z. X" p. iouttextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to halt:"); 
' i0 K6 p( T# ]4 j7 R. o6 U/* select drawing to page #0 */ / L; `- U* }5 t5 ]6 C6 Y' O( C
setactivepage(0); 
, K. [; T6 T# u/* output a message on page #0 */
+ G9 r3 V- r! t! t0 A- v; oouttextxy(x, y, "This is page #0.");
4 R9 z4 u$ ^9 A2 R( }outtextxy(x, y+ht, "Press any key to view page #1:"); + z/ q7 }, u% n
getch(); 2 C( I4 U2 h% m) q" I- `' i" _
/* select page #1 as the visible page */
( a; \& O7 X! F; \setvisualpage(1); * `/ v# b, q! S! U$ I6 j: J8 `
/* clean up */
0 h8 G. Q" _7 M1 v1 n6 n8 y* _7 ^ Ogetch(); / i2 C8 n, o* `( H
closegraph();
' g1 g8 ?; H" y* T- N' E9 p9 m- dreturn 0; . e. H+ R$ `7 `, I
} - t4 {7 _/ d, i2 p: T8 \

. K4 m& Q/ q3 l; s
- N# p0 t- a! a( j7 t7 Z函数名: setwritemode 
* F9 J4 w7 F+ p$ E. d功能: 设置图形方式下画线的输出模式 9 I k2 C. e' E" [& i( A% f1 r+ X
用法: void far setwritemode(int mode);
3 G0 D8 i2 h6 o. R- a程序例: 
( F h$ p0 S' q' l* W6 [#include <GRAPHICS.H>
. c" w" R) ^& g! c#include <STDLIB.H>7 A3 z6 t0 E8 H' \/ e8 W' y& O7 d
#include <STDIO.H>
" h% Z% n, d: z% O: z. F3 |% Z9 c#include <CONIO.H>
) w0 D$ C( F$ S+ n, q Nint main() 6 U6 d$ v3 W( p: _$ d/ U6 X3 s
{ # v$ w" g. S/ [ Q$ }# Y& _
/* request auto detection */ : P. V5 N$ G) v' c' T# V! X
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ; ]7 ^0 C2 e6 W. u* N6 _" G
int xmax, ymax; 1 C8 I0 ?7 w) R, E7 [" V
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ( ~0 C( O' d- H% Y
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
2 C3 `( f8 Y6 K/* read result of initialization */ & c. Q/ z7 w" p) ^9 J
errorcode = graphresult(); " F1 }" `% k# T% J) N2 I
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
+ X" ?8 n5 ~' E' j! y{
3 _, w- a/ w+ g- b' \& t; Z0 \printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
8 D7 J3 m$ l) q+ E0 F$ Fprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 4 R1 x7 i1 v$ `$ k+ K7 N
getch();
- s6 A+ A7 m1 Y7 L) Q' U- m- X2 Q, ?exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ) W, H! n. W& l# m. j
} : V9 _. L7 Y7 p: |, S
xmax = getmaxx();
2 t! V: g! Y: ~1 t+ n$ B: Wymax = getmaxy(); , T! o+ o5 Q0 S
/* select XOR drawing mode */ " Y; T( Z: D/ Z9 d
setwritemode(XOR_PUT); 
9 r9 C, a/ s8 L$ K/* draw a line */
 `4 F0 U- m2 h# lline(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
: H, O' Y0 a1 ~% } |; B7 _* i$ J$ Wgetch(); 
& l3 D: @$ B" ]% t2 z/* erase the line by drawing over it */
; _2 {, ?% o8 ]& ?+ M$ q9 n- Gline(0, 0, xmax, ymax);
; M+ y( i0 @( H! t6 @; d. H8 I9 dgetch(); 
2 B! O6 E: f: g+ R% a8 C( a, H/* select overwrite drawing mode */
 o' Z5 z2 Q! E: E& I+ fsetwritemode(COPY_PUT); 
8 \* K. T. i$ Y7 N i/* draw a line */
+ P' D6 b: [9 w6 u7 J" U, Q9 h; R9 jline(0, 0, xmax, ymax); 
8 h, M1 N8 V( W: F/ e, [4 ^. Q& o/* clean up */
( f1 \5 _ y I1 i" A8 Dgetch(); 6 y+ F- g% O8 b$ n+ r
closegraph();
% y& z4 s, ]* ^0 Areturn 0; . S. u* ^# b$ n' u
} 5 ^6 y2 w, d) X
" \; | w) l+ Y) j( G

! X* c: e7 I4 T4 H% N函数名: signal
; U" e9 g* e9 s, H功能: 设置某一信号的对应动作 z/ H: {1 R# @
用法: int signal(int sig, sigfun fname);
: k- |" I9 r$ E) A2 @3 h, ?程序例: ; R0 X- e9 T& G: h9 S4 [* e
/* This example installs a signal handler routine for SIGFPE, : @, ~6 e( Y/ |9 g/ m
catches an integer overflow condition, makes an adjustment
+ a, s' m& [, g2 r3 B" \to AX register, and returns. This example program MAY cause ) |0 E' T) c8 V$ q# R
your computer to crash, and will produce runtime errors
" j+ D" P/ J2 Sdepending on which memory model is used. ( X5 _ f [' t
*/ 
6 H7 p3 a; U& S5 B#pragma inline
 Y% N' D& N* Q+ ]#include <STDIO.H>3 v7 g: L I* a8 A& ]8 l- L
#include <SIGNAL.H>, a2 [+ J' u% T/ }
void Catcher(int sig, int type, int *reglist)
/ y m- s( G3 A: ]{
) Q1 [" g( B. x5 pprintf("Caught it!\n");
) `3 R7 e* h' s6 @0 v% m*(reglist + 8) = 3; /* make return AX = 3 */
1 E0 ?2 I! {* P( ]/ ~0 ~/ ^} & t q v# O8 F5 V9 v
int main(void)
' c, `1 Q+ p4 Q& b6 n( k: ~7 w{
' h$ g B/ v; o: @6 X( u) Jsignal(SIGFPE, Catcher);
3 {" \% W3 W; l8 u) Hasm mov ax,07FFFH /* AX = 32767 */
! m9 j- F" W# lasm inc ax /* cause overflow */
asm into /* activate handler */ % T- Q5 a' p; v, t* K$ w
/* The handler set AX to 3 on return. If that hadn't happened,
6 g& x% E: i/ Q0 Q! N othere would have been another exception when the next 'into' " V& @* k; p. B; Y0 q, _
was executed after the 'dec' instruction. */ + k; Q/ M \! w: w5 _3 I5 |
asm dec ax /* no overflow now */
) f& D8 w( A3 ]! M9 R" Z# Fasm into /* doesn't activate */ ' d7 _* F: N4 T+ c+ K
return 0; 6 ~/ M& m, T1 C
}
: [0 ~0 ~. \5 E7 v
( O" f* {& d) A6 `, N; y t% H& \5 X
2 i% c8 \- M7 ?/ r& P. t+ ^
函数名: sin 
5 e8 o2 i! n! k$ I4 n! b; {功能: 正弦函数 . d; A/ Q9 @, U2 q" _; O6 b
用法: double sin(double x);
1 E0 @, r) R0 P8 E2 n程序例: 
" u4 R) G1 u4 Y% [#include <STDIO.H>* x* O& Z# `; l+ r' N
#include <MATH.H>
: e+ L7 c: u6 X/ {8 }int main(void)
, z! U3 G4 v1 i" y2 y- w. T{
4 a4 w' V- |" _# E' w4 H( _double result, x = 0.5; 1 C; S/ O8 s+ l4 ~1 R
result = sin(x);
3 H: v0 x+ S( ~% |/ [+ r6 K2 @printf("The sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result);
4 q( @, ]: x% B0 [2 A* k- hreturn 0; ' l1 g2 |! e9 y' ?3 `
} + l7 M: u3 L% k h9 X9 k

7 G" N U- d; C: F# x0 G) s2 J% y0 y' X4 [
函数名: sinh 6 Q5 Z9 |8 q. k# r& M
功能: 双曲正弦函数 , U) u: r1 ^$ d9 {# ]
用法: double sinh(double x);
! N. N4 t7 p: x4 X4 x程序例: 
; }0 x9 j" ~ k. `! J#include <STDIO.H>6 H0 {6 t& o2 l) `' y; `/ O
#include <MATH.H>
% z! X8 F) x5 |int main(void)
& L' A5 F. E* h& M0 D; N{
+ [ h: v; a$ @( d& Sdouble result, x = 0.5; 6 u9 z# n8 K! _3 d' m, \; S& f
result = sinh(x);
" U- n4 z: d$ N. G! _printf("The hyperbolic sin() of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); 0 ?) O/ @# i& p" J. w# @( S
return 0; T; q' @- G: t- G7 j
}
. p" p' z6 c# D2 a- ~4 p+ f0 L7 k: t# S8 [: `( J/ ^2 k

# R; d' b' Q) k8 Y/ K) k7 ~; C# Z3 s5 P P1 i9 l+ _8 k
函数名: sleep 
" Q# ~8 g6 M5 Y; p [, C* a; y功能: 执行挂起一段时间 " v: K: R. `* g; f
用法: unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
; w* p2 T4 c0 G. J1 N9 M( z程序例: 
1 y( ~+ C7 j }#include <DOS.H>
7 y' n, j# `' c) S#include <STDIO.H>
9 b7 F" d3 }3 l0 T" M% S* _: Y& |int main(void)
' F r& c" W! O! a9 N! k{ * e! r% ~* L }: t' u
int i; 
: V# D% j8 B [) Ufor (i=1; i<5; i++) $ e/ z3 Y1 f6 q! k* n4 H
{ & c% _7 G3 z4 n8 [! C
printf("Sleeping for %d seconds\n", i); ! E1 Y6 y$ h8 x, k" |9 y2 A0 Q" _' v2 |
sleep(i);
8 p! s7 B: j) `- j7 Q, S} 5 n. n: U2 Z. Y N3 E
return 0; + t+ R2 i% k) @8 r3 i4 T
} 2 c0 t1 p2 q8 m& a1 M5 l8 u

- {) b5 `8 m( R* ~# A8 R6 h6 Y6 ^ n0 `0 p E3 d

$ U" }0 H; R/ e4 B函数名: sopen 
8 ~2 M- j3 X! B5 ]. a% A功能: 打开一共享文件
% P" q& k5 K! R+ Q& l用法: int sopen(char *pathname, int access, int shflag, int permiss);
. I- J! N1 A: w' [7 |0 B) }0 w程序例: 
) f- m. X3 r: ]2 d: n. x: R#include <IO.H>- o2 b( n6 [7 s0 ?2 Z; p; z
#include <FCNTL.H> M) G" K# f; J* ?; k( V! C
#include <SYS\STAT.H>9 Q1 V7 i* d9 Y; G& C
#include <PROCESS.H>
1 M2 F* s$ j$ |' e#include <SHARE.H>7 O$ K; U G% C$ \2 S5 z
#include <STDIO.H>
0 T- a6 }6 a8 n3 Qint main(void)
! ~6 J4 T0 ?" Y7 h8 s* w{
/ [8 L& c n- X% [8 E2 U# ]int handle;
& O" [ o1 I9 s; R/ Iint status; # [* C- b8 Z) c* H. W
handle = sopen("c:\\autoexec.bat", O_RDONLY, SH_DENYNO, S_IREAD); ) @+ E) Y9 q, u" X H8 V
if (!handle)
, M* s- h4 c: u{
7 c% L) y! \8 }) Z8 k5 I, _7 A; T9 cprintf("sopen failed\n");
1 N2 N9 J7 [, g2 p: dexit(1);
$ e- v+ Q/ J2 p% E+ \ e) n} . g8 E r. L- Y) G
status = access("c:\\autoexec.bat", 6);
' @9 y. L6 M* M; \if (status == 0)
, b7 W2 Q, a- z) Lprintf("read/write access allowed\n");
" |2 t1 ~( j# |6 f9 yelse
, k9 ^. Y( h8 p8 `printf("read/write access not allowed\n"); 8 i1 ?+ B1 U, m: F
close(handle);
: n0 k7 C$ E* [, _4 _return 0; ( n/ F7 Z3 Y( i& _7 o- l7 C+ e% ^
} / v9 N5 a( h1 [$ m7 A Y

# p5 S4 ?: O, A" G9 f0 }
2 ]2 G/ z3 G- Z8 U8 C% ~, F/ T- [" w% K5 Z, A. L& d, x0 T
函数名: sound % X* f* v; d( `" K
功能: 以指定频率打开PC扬声器 % _5 F E& i$ s! ]+ m W# I, o
用法: void sound(unsigned frequency);
* Y, O2 K7 @( S4 j$ d程序例: $ [4 j) v% E* ~4 |# U
/* Emits a 7-Hz tone for 10 seconds. $ ~& \/ O- N: C' c& D6 i1 ^
Your PC may not be able to emit a 7-Hz tone. */ + t H' B9 F# N4 |& z
#include <DOS.H>0 @: I, c4 V2 l6 B# f1 f
int main(void)
# w6 A( E, g& X1 Q! B1 G. Z{ , ?$ m8 N6 B9 u% Z0 A$ G3 p5 d
sound(7); & v. w8 D; j7 g, a$ K j
delay(10000); 9 f8 b& H' x4 G) E9 l7 e
nosound(); $ b3 L7 n2 p* e) m8 x& r
return 0; . U* N5 o; L( J* z4 H/ w9 I
} 
$ {% [8 Z, j% a" j( H& |
$ d7 E E: Q" c, z1 ?4 \- r3 d# j4 m9 Q; n8 V% ^

3 i2 J) q- w$ {% }) U函数名: spawnl - R* s6 u6 g* e) g3 Y) q
功能: 创建并运行子程序
* O; e4 r9 ~/ J: N- M. L& V, z用法: int spawnl(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0, ?" m, ]" K$ M( Y+ q3 K) M* l7 R2 l T
arg1, ... argn, NULL);
 p$ m* @: C" p6 Q6 y8 I程序例: 6 Q8 r. b6 P" [" m
#include <PROCESS.H>0 v; S* U u5 i7 @
#include <STDIO.H>
" e" [, ]) Q, g j#include <CONIO.H>
* o# h3 V+ U1 E- |; i! a6 G# j( Sint main(void)
. i B: G$ }8 F2 F: T& B# c( g{
2 F, D9 B5 g4 [7 l+ n- z/ bint result; / N5 p ~ v7 F/ [0 c0 c
clrscr(); 6 Y" {2 T/ F6 p4 u4 \' B* j
result = spawnl(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL); , G# m# e0 m% [/ I. Q, e2 X
if (result == -1) * H( q, ?1 s! g0 w. z% Z1 Q
{
* Y$ T5 s& Y+ d% g& Q$ a* }perror("Error from spawnl");
9 t0 N. }3 A- _ |6 `% Texit(1); + S# g6 }% a# _( J( H8 Q
} 0 M. [& d1 F* X/ F9 w. U
return 0; 3 h# u( J( u0 Q A
}
0 n: o2 V( F" Q$ q" B2 J' i \4 ^% D2 d& f

4 {( v0 J y$ B& _6 T6 h$ S }函数名: spawnle 
/ D* [" D7 n. i3 E! w# o功能: 创建并运行子程序
/ P% N3 x g; @4 Q* |用法: int spawnle(int mode, char *pathname, char *arg0,
/ c. _: t J- O* p$ Larg1,..., argn, NULL);
2 o$ ?3 E3 f7 b0 L( h! A程序例: 5 `4 R7 h$ G" `" o
/* spawnle() example */ 
9 V- t( h7 b5 t. S#include <PROCESS.H>
1 }1 p2 @: M3 Y% {! W) ` K#include <STDIO.H>8 R5 v" ~4 p7 f' i7 n- h
#include <CONIO.H>$ j; Y- Z7 L, h" l
int main(void) 3 e5 {! T& H1 ]! \. L, z7 }
{
' }; ^% E/ h4 l+ \int result; - h/ D; p% X7 K
clrscr(); $ N- J& T9 L! _' G$ O
result = spawnle(P_WAIT, "tcc.exe", NULL, NULL); 6 G( X9 O& e, h' b
if (result == -1)
" `/ H, J4 C+ v( M+ O7 f8 u{
; K# N/ h0 X _4 Z0 j6 m0 Cperror("Error from spawnle");
# w! v# v2 n6 Z' t9 V! O& hexit(1); ' j3 K5 ^: E; O( J" w, x
} ) P3 N! q T2 l
return 0; " P- }5 o8 ~, t
} 8 k9 p: P/ G- Z! A$ P
- P# h. t" t$ M: [# c' s

+ D/ K/ ^8 W0 c0 E; h- W+ Z
5 R8 ?) {; I; j" |函数名: sprintf 
, ]7 E" B" b+ K; Z; {4 s+ r功能: 送格式化输出到字符串中 ' |) g' { ]& l( B: o0 L3 U, \
用法: int sprintf(char *string, char *farmat [,argument,...]); " n+ h" s# \/ m" d( P! ?$ `
程序例: 7 b1 E0 n8 N# Q0 E3 w: ^0 V+ U2 j
#include <STDIO.H>. j6 x/ F, @8 V0 Z5 v
#include <MATH.H>$ q% V. P6 k! S, A% |
int main(void) 8 w5 e) r7 F3 w# N* \9 h
{ - J: d- J/ i5 O. G
char buffer[80]; . |. |; u# b# u8 |+ B& W
sprintf(buffer, "An approximation of Pi is %f\n", M_PI);
; G! N5 R3 L P. w, \0 F6 uputs(buffer);
. V: \2 C0 I. v: X+ N0 N, u- s5 _return 0; ! J* E+ }& y" _1 K: L( A& I+ @! o
}
7 F+ _# o$ Y8 H) `7 b( t# h
; G3 e' u q; ^5 ~/ T: _; J4 p/ i) V/ o
函数名: sqrt 
9 \. r7 a2 U2 u# M功能: 计算平方根
: x0 u1 I5 n5 T( p用法: double sqrt(double x); 3 S% {$ r: U1 E! v5 u4 t3 i. p% W
程序例: 
; ]7 N/ Q r! e- k# X# J/ ?#include <MATH.H>* U- J5 u+ L9 z! h/ u5 k
#include <STDIO.H>
5 j8 r$ Y. z/ I1 X ^int main(void)
' Z# k3 m& S! S Q$ ~3 @{
3 T# V, \" o0 _1 j) ?3 M% Zdouble x = 4.0, result; # V/ P1 j/ A9 t; K" r: n: ~
result = sqrt(x);
* L9 r; i) e6 e# T/ M6 Yprintf("The square root of %lf is %lf\n", x, result); $ `: W' k& {4 w, d
return 0;
4 Z: n3 H" Q [# J, j}
/ d: _0 H, m; }. a7 Y- B1 S
3 _6 k) ~; @0 q. i" j% D函数名: srand : P1 C% [' w9 x" J6 }* y
功能: 初始化随机数发生器 6 ?3 J' C3 Q, H0 R6 h. g/ e2 `
用法: void srand(unsigned seed); ' f# }( t/ s/ F9 ]6 G
程序例: {" f) A' T0 K( j/ ?" L
#include <STDLIB.H>' G- C3 C: `# F
#include <STDIO.H>6 g7 o9 M9 h+ B; |" ?
#include <TIME.H>( Z4 C: l& u( P
int main(void)
: X! }- b( R' B4 k{
8 k3 C) q* W" Oint i; ' M6 N' N# ~9 I9 r
time_t t; ' A' l! ]1 w8 x% k# B$ q
srand((unsigned) time(&t)); + U4 G% N( q' Q6 E1 c& B
printf("Ten random numbers from 0 to 99\n\n");
; V+ I- ]+ E' pfor(i=0; i<10; i++)
. n0 W! ?: B2 P& n4 \: `0 k% ~' Vprintf("%d\n", rand() % 100);
& G. P. [. e- V8 }# Xreturn 0;
3 d% t! A- x8 O+ B7 z}
- |( v4 [9 f$ V3 j
' k: Z; y @$ |) t7 @! s' R
+ J( p8 R A# D8 Q6 U0 b' o函数名: sscanf 
0 M: }' B: o& ]) Y( q' a; `: y7 s2 j功能: 执行从字符串中的格式化输入
. \# y7 d% {( [6 c用法: int sscanf(char *string, char *format[,argument,...]);
1 ~& Q3 S5 D, g, f程序例: , O7 `" H- H- |( h% E
#include <STDIO.H>
1 c. o' G3 K2 j, C% W#include <CONIO.H>4 y6 R, S6 X1 e0 r1 F
int main(void)
5 a- \3 T0 x2 ^2 S{ + y* J7 v) }# K8 A' M
char label[20]; . f+ Q: g! _% M0 e& G. X9 I
char name[20]; ' X+ _) H. n: c1 Y4 E
int entries = 0; / n% r; Q) V9 W5 Y8 C0 x2 D E
int loop, age; / Q) s% Z( p9 W
double salary; 
7 U! ~9 {2 J( b6 q$ c% \! xstruct Entry_struct 3 r5 C$ T) x7 b2 [+ e; t" o
{
/ @2 m# ?) V" T% echar name[20]; ! b2 L; y- m q; w1 Y9 V; C
int age; ; R1 N. c1 N8 E. y: |( R
float salary;
: y" t# k: J" b+ n} entry[20]; 5 f8 n0 {" R. U5 A
/* Input a label as a string of characters restricting to 20 characters */ % Y6 m4 D+ F" j/ q- y
printf("\n\nPlease enter a label for the chart: ");
0 Q+ \: Z' f9 L2 B% V- Jscanf("%20s", label);
( @8 @9 X6 `2 e qfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
. ^& |, s2 R# m1 u% d4 A/* Input number of entries as an integer */ ; Z" O- U* |: L
printf("How many entries will there be? (less than 20) ");
) d ?" g* g$ O2 G( Tscanf("%d", &entries); * O& a+ N+ u) }7 [- K
fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ . k- y4 r, z8 l/ E/ B
/* input a name restricting input to only letters upper or lower case */ p8 k2 `6 v* b) s: c6 `: j+ l
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
! u. ^% R9 X$ u5 [/ R+ o- r { - v% U5 u* ^0 f X" `+ z H
printf("Entry %d\n", loop); , B$ O( m v! F3 O, J3 p
printf(" Name : "); . _ |+ [7 x+ a7 [8 f& N( }
scanf("%[A-Za-z]", entry[loop].name);
9 A- ], G, I: I, I0 Wfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 
; n, h2 ?% d9 S3 Q( B" s2 w; K0 ]/* input an age as an integer */ & t, g+ O' C/ N+ w; {. d0 b( F0 _
printf(" Age : "); ; d. X7 ^7 H8 c9 S0 d8 v& j
scanf("%d", &entry[loop].age);
' T: u2 W: s" Xfflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ 8 F" g% }4 }, @8 C& h! x) Q; x- F
/* input a salary as a float */ . }1 o# W% L8 H$ @
printf(" Salary : "); ) S4 R8 ?# H9 K1 B# ^ q
scanf("%f", &entry[loop].salary);
4 c+ C% u9 @& ~5 C" M/ ~fflush(stdin); /* flush the input stream in case of bad input */ ^5 ]+ ]! [) b: }( u2 o) f; V
} / E& s! _- S! A. Y3 l1 ]8 b
/* Input a name, age and salary as a string, integer, and double */ 2 P1 g* J+ q8 H4 e% q
printf("\nPlease enter your name, age and salary\n");
; S5 W3 Y6 _3 r' p. W4 `! ]scanf("%20s %d %lf", name, &age, &salary); & U0 n3 I# _+ |2 D& Y0 f) R3 o

6 o( I- y5 w& _/ Q9 A4 b* a# n/* Print out the data that was input */ 8 }. J* y9 b k8 B
printf("\n\nTable %s\n",label);
$ @* A" m) i2 o2 e# j: \! {printf("Compiled by %s age %d $%15.2lf\n", name, age, salary); o* m% I4 v7 H' O/ H
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); $ ]. ~+ {1 w" L8 ` h
for (loop=0;loop<ENTRIES;++LOOP)
; L1 B# i7 _1 v6 g* } printf("%4d | %-20s | %5d | %15.2lf\n", 9 z* X1 q- a1 u6 M: m: u
loop + 1,
* ?1 Z8 Y9 K$ N! F( u% ^entry[loop].name, ; `/ |9 e C3 B
entry[loop].age, $ l V* G' @( t3 n
entry[loop].salary); . U3 w0 q, p" y6 ^9 c! i& R" ~ t
printf("-----------------------------------------------------\n"); 3 V9 T$ d) I( h, ]$ |% X
return 0; 9 M- e( k! Z8 @3 k" P
}
 i% ]3 e. R1 c1 p
+ x& j0 F" n8 [3 Z! j8 E9 \1 G1 E: O" d: L! g+ Y- v4 ]
函数名: stat 
0 V- i8 O; J0 d8 i1 [& b1 d功能: 读取打开文件信息
# P+ m3 k% C' ^! \) W" l5 K- {; S' C4 `用法: int stat(char *pathname, struct stat *buff);
) @. e4 A) M- @: }程序例: 1 n& A5 a8 C2 z) Q5 S2 Z
#include <SYS\STAT.H>/ c3 y! w# j. S$ p3 H0 t: E7 }" u
#include <STDIO.H>0 n0 R( b- }" P
#include <TIME.H>
( N9 p( [6 c' D( f#define FILENAME "TEST.$$$" 3 T! K0 C a' k
int main(void)
* g$ m% v6 S( \5 {" Z{ V1 B/ E7 R7 F! b; o9 Y
struct stat statbuf; . B3 U" N) Q! @0 Z5 Z
FILE *stream; 
6 T' ~3 d" I' ]1 [' ]/* open a file for update */
, N8 \. O- g% @& U% k% Pif ((stream = fopen(FILENAME, "w+")) == NULL)
' Y" B. U/ S, c{
$ B& Q( M, Q3 f* n* Tfprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n"); 7 \3 [* `$ Y6 H2 \" @1 o
return(1); ! }' l s, l& k
} 
7 G- T! H8 z/ P, D1 z o" I2 i/* get information about the file */
0 G. j4 ]0 P% z9 H7 Bstat(FILENAME, &statbuf); 3 T8 l( s! p; }# Q
fclose(stream); 
+ E$ a r) s# E/* display the information returned */ 5 d5 Z/ |5 v' v3 s* F- N) I2 {" L
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFCHR)
* ]" ~2 \: D5 U7 d! e: r" |printf("Handle refers to a device.\n");
) \8 J F5 j4 d5 X" C* ?# V4 w- Nif (statbuf.st_mode & S_IFREG)
6 n3 \1 `; ?, J( r5 Bprintf("Handle refers to an ordinary file.\n"); + N- C* i# w: \, h& E" l' f5 N k
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IREAD) 2 K) n& I1 d+ h; h
printf("User has read permission on file.\n"); 5 g5 L) f* W4 [: [
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_IWRITE) * m$ q. @/ X6 T* b) p2 r; F/ f
printf("User has write permission on file.\n"); 
2 M. e6 Q! T. J5 T" d: P! H Hprintf("Drive letter of file: %c\n", 'A'+statbuf.st_dev);
9 x$ z9 a9 y' x( Mprintf("Size of file in bytes: %ld\n", statbuf.st_size);
4 t) o( b2 s X9 K8 a( Vprintf("Time file last opened: %s\n", ctime(&statbuf.st_ctime)); 3 d" ], d2 {2 I# t* f
return 0; 9 b0 m2 Z( U. S7 ]
}
3 ~9 S( j# |6 H1 f; I/ `8 ~; b
& ?3 V# K7 y4 v/ c$ N& R

* [7 u; T' Z3 V+ u: {) H函数名: _status87 
0 h7 w/ Y" q C3 Z! r功能: 取浮点状态
& W7 x0 H/ S" K+ P$ l t/ ~' u1 A4 L用法: unsigned int _status87(void); $ w- |4 m8 K4 n' {7 I! B) g, [
程序例: 1 B- X4 x- b$ _; X% Y& n
#include <STDIO.H>
( L4 ^" | g6 ?8 ^7 t: ~#include <FLOAT.H>$ H! ~0 S3 [% Y0 m( ?, \7 ?6 j
int main(void)
( i8 @5 ^. v( l& A2 Y6 j" `6 [/ Q{ $ o* [2 ]$ j( e, d
float x; 3 r5 T: F/ ~; X. M1 w" x
double y = 1.5e-100; 
- ^+ M! {+ S2 q6 V9 zprintf("Status 87 before error: %x\n", _status87()); 
 z8 b3 L( A6 t" Fx = y; /* <-- force an error to occur */ ! a. `5 g, X% n1 h7 Z0 _5 E* T4 O! F; c
y = x; $ v2 d: \7 t) X; p/ ~
printf("Status 87 after error : %x\n", _status87());
: g9 {* v) b6 o+ Mreturn 0; : t5 S' s* q- ?
}
, t" @& H5 `6 Q# l4 Z, C8 m
! \. B- E) D# ^5 F- _8 a! `8 K4 }# g4 U" }3 P
函数名: stime : o6 t, a$ r0 Z$ ?
功能: 设置时间
0 X. Y) n; C. X# K用法: int stime(long *tp);
7 W8 Y, u. P2 `, h+ i. W程序例: * m! k1 ]2 o' H
#include <STDIO.H>
& m( R/ {( J4 L+ C0 [#include <TIME.H>
1 A% y. `1 T8 _# J# {#include <DOS.H>
" i1 b; e( U. H% E- Hint main(void)
" g- v: `2 T8 h8 P{
 N! P: V: {2 t+ Jtime_t t; $ {( e6 a2 d3 O7 I9 ]
struct tm *area; " Z" L& c& C8 q6 E C
t = time(NULL);
6 y2 I/ m! ^) M* C% j6 O% Y5 harea = localtime(&t); ! s4 E5 z, k1 E ^) k
printf("Number of seconds since 1/1/1970 is: %ld\n", t);
0 K5 ~ K! M0 Bprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 9 l) ]. j# ~2 J# X5 J' E
t++;
( T" @" ^! E& ]$ z: W1 j, O3 tarea = localtime(&t); 8 o" M" s! \% D/ B" M$ |" _
printf("Add a second: %s", asctime(area)); 
. ?; B" H9 K2 T2 |# Qt += 60;
3 U; D" D7 {1 X) S* ]area = localtime(&t); . I% S% @; k* l7 ^
printf("Add a minute: %s", asctime(area)); " U: Y' x$ ?: Q3 d
t += 3600; * Q0 k# w# h6 [# E9 U: L
area = localtime(&t); 1 B' m' H: N: Y" y. q. \
printf("Add an hour: %s", asctime(area)); - Z' L* T+ j. P
t += 86400L; ' H" C: j7 O' y; H, y. U
area = localtime(&t);
0 i, X, ?: O6 ]& i, X+ Zprintf("Add a day: %s", asctime(area)); 6 `$ f% Q/ w: J# n: X) r$ o
t += 2592000L;
& b5 o. U" D7 P. m$ I% tarea = localtime(&t);
# e* d4 I: V7 K; y. Y7 vprintf("Add a month: %s", asctime(area)); ; t. Y9 y8 } @; Y- Q
t += 31536000L; % ]8 A3 n! o3 `% t3 m# z" i1 a
area = localtime(&t);
- f! L3 e. Q; w. @0 pprintf("Add a year: %s", asctime(area));
" M- N6 B" k( p* vreturn 0; ) h! x6 w7 U: _& {' @+ v
} 
* s' q% `! q- g# w
" |, [4 s. d7 V- V6 o. d2 e9 T# }5 V4 P# ]+ c8 {

4 [9 |" r! c, T* r5 b9 }( e函数名: stpcpy - m& a% G O8 ?4 ~
功能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个 ; ]: g) E0 p' ?7 A
用法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source); $ I ^) h% T# W- V( R3 i
程序例: 
0 M s! D5 c( W8 Y/ Q" ^! F; O#include <STDIO.H>
3 M; o: U/ e: e1 g' D+ @#include <STRING.H>
9 B, g) {7 F* g9 T% Dint main(void) ' j1 d# ~4 ]7 ^5 d+ A
{ 3 v9 F$ f/ Q/ R m% l
char string[10]; ( R+ f$ Y" f2 }0 @( `/ a
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 4 s$ o& U8 X' K8 l( M
stpcpy(string, str1);
2 _! c+ a# x! x* J, }printf("%s\n", string); K$ \' |( u. Q3 c7 d
return 0;
7 O0 G4 J z4 C1 S' A: z}
& e7 c4 p0 ~0 {) ?- V9 g
* k& J- e6 P% I+ L2 r+ f1 X4 _, v P6 @" I! |2 y9 c* P

+ S0 p! t, n$ |& B' X/ T函数名: strcat 
& H6 y& D- _- ^8 z7 \# L2 G& F: N功能: 字符串拼接函数
( k k3 ~* X; u0 R& \' y用法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
/ o% S" l/ o$ j! O5 z程序例: 
" _+ @" `5 P- ?#include <STRING.H>
- c: f9 Q4 u: ^& J: E4 O$ M#include <STDIO.H>
3 |( s( i7 v8 j' e, \ Y) Xint main(void)
' f! } H {9 x H{ 1 u3 p$ r/ u- B7 T0 Q: j1 h- i
char destination[25]; % y. j& [ r2 _% a
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; 
+ V2 Q- x9 r; P: ustrcpy(destination, Borland); # G) K5 F6 j. ~4 s7 k: B) G
strcat(destination, blank);
- r& \- H/ z7 t1 t" y5 Z; pstrcat(destination, c); 
( x( ]6 M6 }% j4 v2 Oprintf("%s\n", destination);
$ [: F4 d0 P$ l5 Mreturn 0;
7 `6 c# N1 d$ u, i9 u7 R% |4 D3 c} . v }! h2 R, N5 M. O' z

2 b- [/ U5 y+ @
 w5 ]' J; c: O+ H9 S" ]+ M& c0 b% y# P7 d# H; R, @9 C4 f" @
函数名: strchr * O2 h/ A$ \. P' E4 y9 g
功能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\
, G; ?# U, T; ~: H用法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
- t. {" ~# ?2 k5 g/ X( o程序例: 
- N2 M4 z/ f' o2 t' |#include <STRING.H>
" N/ s5 W4 j# w/ D2 `* h% D#include <STDIO.H>9 y, R: M/ J' n! w
int main(void) ! \7 a* Q0 I* x$ O% t8 ^
{ " C& u5 ]$ c2 Q9 ^
char string[15]; ; R3 J# W+ H. V# t0 e5 b+ |" C
char *ptr, c = 'r'; 2 K, Y! i+ W8 b6 s" G3 Y
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
# i1 R! J# a* \3 w+ d- y M9 [ptr = strchr(string, c); ) O( s- z- P. Y: A$ s
if (ptr)
" w7 v% u* N& t' O& L* Aprintf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); ; Q6 |( }/ {* k d) y9 ]
else z: R4 L4 ]/ u: \/ k
printf("The character was not found\n");
/ c. ]) P* d" H' Ereturn 0;
- O$ c( N& b! k. a} 7 N5 l/ c8 w7 W* Q
; z! O: E3 x! V8 t8 D8 R
( Z* T8 ^+ `, s

3 G% ~6 p0 Z* z函数名: strcmp 0 f/ X) w* Y) [# W
功能: 串比较 1 N8 S6 r; q$ J4 w! ]+ n9 E
用法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
4 L9 K; v5 k% o) d% j程序例: : w3 g6 ^+ {8 C$ n" d
#include <STRING.H>3 J2 ~0 P2 g1 d
#include <STDIO.H> f3 \" A: l5 y" d1 y
int main(void)
) `1 Q4 g6 j1 ?; X1 k9 N9 B0 D& j7 w2 t{
6 ]: T* G$ [7 {5 }( ]4 |6 i( Echar *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
8 V( G) l9 c8 \ d6 [% Rint ptr; ( h! x1 R; ~' ~% Z
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
9 g$ }! G+ u: Kif (ptr > 0)
# |+ E. H2 N* \2 F7 aprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
4 }! r; v9 k4 G. J9 M U# r$ uelse / Y* [# h( M, l- u' `1 c& v
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
( T# j; p7 T1 ?7 K* z: u$ dptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
0 X1 P+ d; @3 _ a% k2 i7 oif (ptr > 0)
7 H* l# _2 P/ I; f4 i8 A4 r7 Hprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
* x, \; [% `) D8 Gelse ; P% k1 b4 s4 P
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 7 p4 f( b8 j; W/ }0 u8 [
return 0;
% c" V. Y# M7 t, i- U2 n8 n} " k- _" A4 G# O$ e

& X4 \2 ?5 A: P2 ?( W6 P6 D5 P( q4 M f1 J, b- o3 E) q

4 ^; ?9 x) ~. P" a函数名: strncmpi , M; Q9 D7 C* q% S, M6 N
功能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写 # @3 w7 k5 v o) N' H8 M3 A
用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); . Z6 l0 Q: ~8 {, |4 r9 O9 x, ?
程序例: 
' a/ C, N/ C" u; r) h' n& g#include <STRING.H>$ z" @5 ^% ]+ K; l4 k& {! E; a1 V
#include <STDIO.H>; S% c2 ]3 I7 O. T
int main(void)
. L- G+ Q1 H( u% n6 t{
$ t0 T4 j# k) z* X% P8 A; e7 Ochar *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; ( t9 a p1 u8 M2 S) P; L3 V) f
int ptr; 0 P& X5 u g) S+ B. ^ O
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); . ]8 a5 K: _. l$ s8 m" d, j
if (ptr > 0)
7 Z! M3 n9 h& g( O7 Wprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ! x, ~$ D v$ E# j8 X
if (ptr < 0)
; t' V3 ~3 Q: Y/ Z0 P3 d- t5 fprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 4 T! Q1 ^' L, B ?- x" e6 U+ {
if (ptr == 0) % F7 _3 H3 S. O" K8 V
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); # z" D9 o0 y' ]" m0 i
return 0;
1 n( B: w' h8 f% @$ h}
 O" c0 q9 h) s3 |6 N
) Z0 H4 _9 G, P* O1 U0 V B8 P: p; c( F6 s$ R. g8 G8 u$ |

. N9 K% {, O, a8 N0 i) l4 E函数名: strcpy ) a6 F2 q3 O/ q2 p
功能: 串拷贝 . P( ^- r4 [3 J+ X7 _6 a4 }
用法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2); ; h) a. u9 K# A' S3 n2 M
程序例: ' n( ` \6 Y1 \& S) j" P
#include <STDIO.H>
2 x- @. ^/ k+ E/ c6 r& y#include <STRING.H>
3 p" {" E5 C6 p+ P3 i Sint main(void) 0 R- P0 ^% t! f0 X$ i
{
2 ]) `; x2 X" f+ _6 _& ?char string[10];
5 ?0 m+ P4 g0 lchar *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
4 v' {2 `- q& n' N+ ]9 E5 Ustrcpy(string, str1); ( C" L$ d& g* E2 k; Z7 s' J
printf("%s\n", string);
+ l( E$ f, ]" [1 ?6 B( v" @return 0; , |! m# u( T1 T, o5 Y
} 9 I& K( W! {+ O
+ g( v- M. }6 w

/ V& b) C8 V& @) L3 @: p& g* H' P8 Z
函数名: strcspn 1 F2 w% V; p7 E6 {2 {: G( A
功能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段 : t8 w! q" N. C0 }, X5 h; I
用法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2); 8 ^- i# [* I3 Q$ u) t
程序例: 
0 a: i8 }/ v# V3 y1 N8 c$ c#include <STDIO.H>9 b: \5 Y0 x+ X& O! J
#include <STRING.H># E! L! V+ z) M( l7 g+ E$ Q
#include <ALLOC.H>! z8 O% X. h. s/ i" d7 b c5 Z
int main(void)
7 j' A) N: D# ~; _) J) Y{ 9 k+ J) C+ `/ P' R& @
char *string1 = "1234567890";
, p `8 `& N2 |- _char *string2 = "747DC8"; * |6 f4 U) ?, ^8 J w1 Y
int length; 
5 Q9 ^/ {7 e) n) Slength = strcspn(string1, string2); % a; `: j S2 P7 w7 J
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length); 3 O+ j! b* E6 T( X; T; d; D
return 0;
3 l9 G+ {6 i0 Z& F6 \* U4 M} ' E4 i! F6 c3 d3 L' [$ h
) W: ^3 s' h# B% D. J1 c; @; \

8 E2 c/ Z; ]$ d4 z3 k4 R! V6 _7 ~1 y: k& n& E
函数名: strdup 
* W# \* y( R0 }# J" L8 p: e* M功能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处 % r- z; V# |- l
用法: char *strdup(char *str);
! R! h# J, L/ S# j* U程序例: 2 Q$ n# J* k" M6 D, v6 J! s
#include <STDIO.H>
 m! e# ?4 R' W3 l+ s0 C |$ _#include <STRING.H>
( r+ L7 G7 r" o: c. m; H#include <ALLOC.H>* Y. [8 Y& h0 R9 |- c/ H, R9 K+ F1 a
int main(void) % L2 H4 t4 j) c9 D
{ & ^7 U# y8 f# ~( _" O, {: R8 d
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; 
4 p, D) W* `# B1 T2 y" y1 E" jdup_str = strdup(string);
' B3 M) c7 L/ hprintf("%s\n", dup_str);
# L% B" X: e8 |+ }- gfree(dup_str); 
( ~0 o" \: B- ]& d4 Q1 b; kreturn 0; 9 G, W$ O8 ]% v* v/ \# |6 C+ t# d
} ; I/ {% K; f+ s
8 }! n* S' a, {5 V. [' ?( s

 K* u$ b" l ^) F8 M6 Y) `# k
函数名: stricmp 
! b7 A* k1 r1 Q1 G' j u {7 V功能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
+ z0 U3 P/ _" t6 |4 n/ `/ o用法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2); % w: [6 @2 k- t: m
程序例: O, k9 s! |1 L0 O- O; z
#include <STRING.H>9 o6 ^9 W K+ v. Y2 L9 w
#include <STDIO.H>3 j/ |3 F; {2 u, h Z
int main(void) 0 y. u, [. k- D! I# Q! m- ^ w' k: o
{ : z j9 {& ^8 I G: L
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; : E z' j) W, d% P% S
int ptr; 
8 u) n* k& b5 [5 S* Uptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); 
" h$ y+ k% v4 c# S3 F1 K8 l1 mif (ptr > 0)
7 J( M3 A. O3 _printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
: t0 `" J$ W: ?" Pif (ptr < 0)
7 r6 c) D" q, b; r$ B2 M# b. _printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
* `5 o& r' W4 O" n. ^if (ptr == 0)
6 F n7 N( I" F" d( D7 Tprintf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
- x( c% c; b7 Kreturn 0; ; U) A) h% b( y) j* F
} . Z. M+ q4 |* i

( e) |: N( q5 j# G z; b7 r
5 T! w' S0 \; V( l% f. U函数名: strerror * e) f; d4 u! C/ ?5 S* [% w3 G3 @" v
功能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
5 b7 A! W( A% T* a f用法: char *strerror(int errnum); 4 D3 b2 x; z, Q c
程序例: 
# ` \+ ?6 {! U( B$ _2 Q) w#include <STDIO.H>7 z1 H' }4 x3 s6 g
#include <ERRNO.H>2 H7 f4 A, A! G- J0 C! r
int main(void)
! z8 f" W0 J" ? j. A{
& m" m0 I" J) _! ~char *buffer;
5 n! W' r7 r1 S8 hbuffer = strerror(errno); 5 f: P9 l, {6 ?5 J. m( A3 F9 [" O
printf("Error: %s\n", buffer); / x7 X2 b8 I, r! Y: t$ F
return 0;
! y& _2 l C) b: P1 Y}
% @4 L- U! y4 t
# e3 ~: W2 M( Z+ O# t9 j) B& g
* I) ? Q5 B0 X) K- ~* T
* Q A% z D$ r& _8 |: p2 }0 B函数名: strcmpi ' q4 `( _; F- t/ a; O4 z, r, ?
功能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写 ) E+ c0 E' e8 M
用法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 4 q4 o/ y; R7 d6 Y- M' \1 T
程序例: 
, Z; W2 p: f1 c" P. e( K#include <STRING.H>
, |" R6 K2 }5 O* i) ^#include <STDIO.H>( h# I0 U6 f/ z3 w$ R- B
int main(void) 1 {. F2 \) j) @' B
{ 0 J. l2 t! M% @6 p+ @
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; + L& F* ~1 o. y
int ptr; 9 L4 [. p4 ]7 x; G# K
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); 
8 T/ K8 j0 U7 h. m* ^2 o$ }if (ptr > 0)
: K' X) }' O) a6 Dprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); 
" }8 ^) M2 H! ^" J1 dif (ptr < 0)
* b4 |# g4 v1 L% [0 Nprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); - l" I( p6 a! Z. Y, m! M
if (ptr == 0) b8 J. }2 k# P/ T8 N ^3 L
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 3 a( j& W2 W3 m" S: l( s
return 0;
" `, O# a4 ?0 ^2 c}
+ v* F1 m3 ~# |
& ]- t$ |' F N! }; T0 f+ T
- N1 Q. c9 R) C3 A+ A2 z* b" H' l0 r! F) b2 I4 t0 g
函数名: strncmp * A5 e4 t- K* U& {
功能: 串比较 ( j7 |9 {4 T5 H* v* B
用法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
( o8 i$ H6 N3 Z4 [- g6 Q2 \程序例: 
/ F5 c6 P* \7 X4 A#include <STRING.H>
 g' f/ b. {8 B* M) l( }+ u2 ^$ f#include <STDIO.H># o- F% ~% Y& |9 I
int main(void) + C: w8 {/ q! k" s
{ 9 X5 C3 q3 i a# L- S/ L
char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; * B$ i$ e) U" U5 [$ ~$ Z$ u
int ptr; 
: K6 w/ c& h5 D6 B% U2 Xptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);
/ _% g2 ]/ b+ M8 j& s( n% x" B7 Kif (ptr > 0)
& I+ B$ T8 R0 ~7 S6 f5 ~printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");
+ h. S( a( l0 Z1 h% {+ Telse $ }2 s" h; b% c, J. ?
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 2 G) m# Y$ d. {: P, N4 E: A" ?1 { }
ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);
) ?& D0 R: _, B/ b/ U4 yif (ptr > 0)
3 ^% z' r2 J, ~: F* @# Nprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");
* S* D6 v0 j* m% @0 xelse
: p- M' T/ K0 @" s# b8 H# _printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n"); 
, ]4 t5 Q/ L8 m6 V7 ?% sreturn(0); v+ L" r" b% ^1 g' Y; ^
} 2 |, I# F& g1 S1 U9 z
+ O0 w" z4 ]& K
% _" o9 P+ B/ ^+ t% ]! R* ^$ m
函数名: strncmpi 8 I2 j( q, }; C/ I
功能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
 ]/ J- U& A" \用法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2); 6 V5 U" d" t6 [& n$ w% X+ ?, E. k
程序例: 
2 y# N$ x; \% ]. b% w+ }$ h/ n#include <STRING.H>* O$ |8 L- I6 }+ G7 O) ^
#include <STDIO.H>
, E$ i( u( H4 o1 }int main(void)
( g/ R4 H. X/ A, V# p D+ |{ ) t0 U" e7 A" n5 H! ]' C
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
6 V( k. S! ?9 @! U: X& o5 iint ptr; 
4 M9 F/ h& F8 h, P/ r# Lptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); . ]* V: K- I; F8 Q
if (ptr > 0)
* }. }: G! l9 K* wprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); : v& M& _* R! Q- u
if (ptr < 0) / e7 g) ^: [& b+ W
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
( I7 [. ]2 p( ?1 O: s& Aif (ptr == 0) . o& _( G8 g+ ]
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
$ ~! N" }+ Q( I3 j+ l4 n8 hreturn 0; 
' S: v" K6 s8 N: m}
* }: h; j" N8 ~: \& I; n0 [8 E- i
" _! Y# }; c( {7 [
) w5 E( h, t: h9 [* P- r' U5 i函数名: strncpy 
, @6 ?: |% ^6 Y3 r" U/ d功能: 串拷贝 ( ~+ D5 @" h8 C$ |
用法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen); 9 V6 f% {0 W& A7 e% ?
程序例: & z# P' y, L0 R8 w# D
#include <STDIO.H>8 Q: f% e4 V# M/ J5 C2 R, t" t
#include <STRING.H>
- U9 z" E5 ~ r+ |0 K4 {int main(void) - z z; m5 O9 r/ D$ L0 Y
{ ) F; U6 \. c- s4 V; h+ _- P# \; R
char string[10]; + d- L! E) I; x+ Z; K
char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; 
, P8 o$ ?9 v. ?; ~1 ostrncpy(string, str1, 3); . O% F( q6 w$ P5 c: m# c! ^
string[3] = '\0';
& q Y8 m* s& c, |8 ?& L, Aprintf("%s\n", string); # o j" p3 Z$ U8 b% s8 J! @
return 0; 5 R* z$ j, A0 V8 d; ^
}
+ Y; I, x, S& C4 c2 {
# H) C" v& Z* w6 A9 I( e, ^! z4 q7 T
函数名: strnicmp 
2 T/ T1 }& C: @4 L功能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串 0 V1 D1 ], c% p; v3 h
用法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen); ; r, Q' U7 V% S6 M6 H. c5 |
程序例: 
" @5 J7 a4 ^: B) [1 g% t4 N#include <STRING.H>
) k$ k5 \9 B% S! ]5 ~#include <STDIO.H>. [8 J1 \: c% |' d$ w
int main(void)
+ B" D- A$ }1 ^" n' ~{ , [2 I7 O$ x# o. M6 p) l8 y
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
# S- Z3 h- S2 B7 u7 ?int ptr; 
/ x0 J0 G, c' W& _$ T: Mptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); 
; u3 H0 A4 T$ {if (ptr > 0)
; T2 o' G- V) l% v, P9 Lprintf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n"); ( {9 y* L( K& k' U c5 C
if (ptr < 0)
) g5 @0 h8 Z0 T" T/ A* ?printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n"); 
( |, q; F* k: F. Q1 R" ]7 Vif (ptr == 0) ' }0 T" O3 ]5 \; v) g" H, _
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n"); 
5 U& C/ r D$ u% Preturn 0; + T+ x1 Z( d6 l( W) B' h
} # F& A/ [1 v0 D0 {. T
( K1 r5 ^0 X# w% p6 y$ w
$ v" X% B" U$ l

' }+ J8 e6 b7 I) T9 {函数名: strnset 
' {' d! V! J: j2 u功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
6 G7 o9 \0 j% e用法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n); 2 @) @! E. L/ L0 F8 s% V. N
程序例: 
; ^' M0 H& @: Y6 K#include <STDIO.H>
/ q6 h( z% N$ ]2 H5 l$ O/ Y' Z/ I#include <STRING.H>* }: w1 B" {0 T# y
int main(void) 4 F- b( T4 _0 C p7 b
{
1 O3 ]% o' A! ^4 Mchar *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
7 o. f9 _$ P0 z6 ^ }3 `char letter = 'x'; / B% u* v* u3 K5 Y, p
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string); 9 _' P% `+ [7 L* N
strnset(string, letter, 13); ; b3 X9 l. v6 |. [, Z! p) U
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string); , B+ `' R+ _& ~0 \9 u
return 0; 8 R4 V3 J$ \$ r
}
7 k6 F: D8 m' a+ q+ J
) n0 X( `) \; N* L$ ]6 D
0 @9 `3 y% E' ^1 ?% A: F函数名: strpbrk ! H8 t2 [) c: } Q2 j- q
功能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
7 q: i2 M5 }# E用法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2); 4 T) p* g5 m4 L$ ^9 R& e( K
程序例: ; D3 a) ?* M% ^) A* K
#include <STDIO.H>5 _$ j% E+ @ O0 y3 N7 ^) a, Y' Z
#include <STRING.H>3 i8 H- a6 ?3 B* R( z1 N
int main(void)
6 w! @3 D$ |, _; l! [{
! s- E. \) w$ y+ ]# g3 wchar *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; ) D4 M' [! [' n0 [4 }
char *string2 = "onm";
. @4 `0 p2 A; x0 i' v* o+ }char *ptr; 7 Z4 j `- V1 r% [. l# ]' e$ {
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); ' i4 a! S7 j. D$ J! r" \
if (ptr)
. m. M( I; e3 Q1 u" I/ x# I4 Cprintf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr); 4 }4 l: ^$ p# h3 }% j# G
else 1 C \8 S/ Z! \* @" z7 P# a( ^! O
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n"); * o' N, R) c5 y. |
return 0; ( D# @& C$ K; U+ `$ I8 E& y
}
. l) N x3 p$ z: o( O1 |3 S- d- s+ v: H( G

% K! u6 H1 A* b4 U, d2 H5 _6 S" K& |+ A& s1 O( p3 `0 P! N
函数名: strrchr & a3 r T' A" Q, G( O4 h
功能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现 # b3 `" l9 P9 G
用法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c); $ d5 k2 p0 s+ }5 B
程序例: 8 |7 Y, c$ s- Q0 x$ p3 w# u9 `1 A
#include <STRING.H>
( V3 W# v! F# ~3 Q( r6 ~' }#include <STDIO.H>6 z/ T+ U# `$ B5 O
int main(void) 8 @5 @( h. ?: g$ d0 B, p
{
4 A% a' S) @% Zchar string[15]; 5 I- p7 `( `! C) p8 w9 Q2 c
char *ptr, c = 'r'; e" W. x; ?3 a& R% V
strcpy(string, "This is a string"); : Z6 ^3 F/ k! ]
ptr = strrchr(string, c);
2 m+ A7 O% w9 Pif (ptr) * r1 `& Z. ^; T
printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string); 8 U- k0 l) F' W8 j; \
else
2 r a! e1 n# b rprintf("The character was not found\n");
1 E, Z9 n2 v7 h5 ~7 L5 Mreturn 0; ; L* s1 L1 y. o( i Y3 r
} 
9 c x: Y6 v& g: z: b1 R# b. K7 A% A$ w# {1 t9 a3 ?0 j% Z2 g0 a

% d5 o. i: a8 ^; R# o" `; H. g) K: ^- y- G
函数名: strrev 
+ ]6 J ]# A: E, O& A1 z0 H功能: 串倒转 6 w+ c5 y _% G. H1 l7 r
用法: char *strrev(char *str);
% {' l& t! w1 z: u6 Z7 }! l程序例: 
; J* e% e1 \5 w8 [+ ^#include <STRING.H>
# J: }9 s. q% X, P#include <STDIO.H>; ?$ S' A" q, i9 p4 q
int main(void)
! q6 b$ T K9 H/ _" j/ P. q) D{
; U+ C+ W7 Q, C* ?' q3 e9 |4 }3 Echar *forward = "string"; % }- w G$ n0 ^/ v1 ] k
printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);
1 e& n6 h7 R2 ~& K0 [' }/ pstrrev(forward); - w3 |1 m5 \" f. z) h, Q" P
printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward); W! h6 L N% g: d1 o& s6 ^6 F% v
return 0;
3 m [$ f( X3 r/ }" L} 
# w0 V; @* ]5 l. P% i5 ?% N
5 B0 X; X4 k+ @4 a8 O函数名: strset , |* R* O0 [- v; I3 b0 i
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
: Z6 P l* C! f; P8 C: P5 P* r8 }用法: char *strset(char *str, char c); ; H4 v n4 x9 G& f' H8 j* ~$ f" t: {
程序例: , X7 R5 e/ M, v4 z, L
#include <STDIO.H>
& Y' r$ H' w1 h- E4 t# `+ w' z#include <STRING.H>
) k( n3 u) Q8 |& c+ a8 tint main(void) 4 o; S' {) l3 C8 }9 u# `' o4 Z
{ & B4 T% }! T+ u/ s' N0 D
char string[10] = "123456789";
2 R3 o3 o& n$ u" z6 {) h$ e: v( {char symbol = 'c'; 
8 R( N+ L! {2 k+ v! ]printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string); 5 @+ y* t0 b* [
strset(string, symbol); $ B- Q" k3 @& n* m$ s4 f
printf("After strset(): %s\n", string); ; @2 [0 S) h" D
return 0;
2 c: E( i& F6 ^}
8 Q1 n# x7 n4 p3 O1 d& j9 Q1 f& q
* ?1 q( q& b' q3 N5 M8 O9 w' _( B: }0 m9 K5 @

8 R& P# Q4 ?% w5 F5 k函数名: strspn " w# P5 u/ C3 F% I7 Q T
功能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现
+ U! B$ R& a4 p' R$ x8 n5 D: b用法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2); 0 m! A: X+ N& B5 B" ?
程序例: # w- `8 y; I6 X: J
#include <STDIO.H>( b; ^+ {! F5 a% P) E- }" f
#include <STRING.H>
/ J: D: V! X: T9 H/ V; [#include <ALLOC.H>
+ Z( x4 Y0 A: V8 W+ S2 Pint main(void)
- Q; K& r1 J/ J9 I! t$ S: x{ ! T& o; L: W" E) x6 w V2 ]
char *string1 = "1234567890"; 6 H: m8 d7 h* H
char *string2 = "123DC8"; % L# x8 N6 @) I5 q! `2 V
int length; 
: k, b1 j9 C& T, n& h8 b3 P: y7 _; |! flength = strspn(string1, string2); - b6 |8 f5 o8 U* S$ r3 @/ e
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d\n", length);
8 w2 e* C' j6 W' @3 V6 J0 Z1 ^: I; Mreturn 0;
4 f/ E' m; x: G- T/ b% ^$ Y" ^, n}
* `' E1 W) V0 I g- m1 K. T9 n8 P1 `% Q0 s" P e8 L- i

 L4 a0 s' V* n( i5 T函数名: strstr ' G/ l$ s3 \& m' y, Z
功能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现
" `# B2 m9 O+ Q. ^6 J- P用法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2); . R0 K, T) `2 a3 c+ u) x6 q7 f
程序例: 
) Q6 W; x; F; H# a0 s- H8 f' _#include <STDIO.H>; @1 {' v# w& }
#include <STRING.H>
" N" I, X1 ~, F5 jint main(void)
- p8 g0 U5 `5 p7 n; d9 q{ * u0 s- A- s: q' v
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; 5 w& ^7 K7 V; H' D P- Q
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);
5 e, C+ o c8 l, k/ Uprintf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
' g9 x- ~8 r2 }8 u9 L3 q" R) ~return 0; 8 Z9 [. F. ~& N' U" _
} ) r. U- W/ A: c# h$ }) Y
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' ^& I5 g [( F. B+ v
函数名: strtod * b9 L. M+ `8 @( a
功能: 将字符串转换为double型值 % a- I* A, N3 q9 q( N* e/ O
用法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr); ; @; x7 R! h+ S2 ^/ n7 c
程序例: 6 O' D) J* ~ h- m, u
#include <STDIO.H>! U2 ?# F, \: i( u
#include <STDLIB.H>7 X2 R# U+ L( c2 h- F3 O" D7 ?
int main(void)
9 n0 ]# L5 j; W. b5 I5 ~" m$ S' U! m{ / \; d! |$ e6 ?0 d% z/ Z% N
char input[80], *endptr;
; {# P1 B4 f, d6 s5 W. o: b; tdouble value; 9 p5 A6 N8 [) H/ Z
printf("Enter a floating point number:"); ' h$ G/ `: x$ K: ]% I4 [- z2 N
gets(input); 0 t; g$ X" ^0 u) u. N0 s
value = strtod(input, &endptr);
. A; e: x* \; S& g6 o- L) q9 G$ Gprintf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);
6 j8 \9 V4 G% Vreturn 0;
7 r5 V* W- _* V2 H" Q v}
- m$ L- O, R. R, D" s. f5 e- A+ I
8 H4 v0 Z) O f9 I. V5 V% R2 B
( [9 \8 @* p. t% l' ^" f8 ?% j
函数名: strtok 
' |# m7 Y% H9 U功能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词 / w, I) y& e2 h+ [- I% o. I
用法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
3 g4 _ X6 ^3 W程序例: 5 P. i$ A# s' h. j
#include <STRING.H>( |* @2 Z( k3 c
#include <STDIO.H>
2 o+ A& K% J. Z# @: g: B, ~) }int main(void) ; |% J6 ]0 C- D0 M8 n
{ & M' j+ i+ @, r+ ~- `3 |8 C) N
char input[16] = "abc,d"; % \. O! j! l$ d; {4 B! P2 u
char *p; 8 e; \! J% t0 O: l9 v
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
" K" n$ B" J1 J$ fin front of the token, if found */ 2 v; k1 P" g6 g+ h
p = strtok(input, ",");
$ d# O. z- u; ~# S4 Sif (p) printf("%s\n", p); / ^8 ?% B5 V% d4 l9 t! I! w# @
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL 6 L/ C! J6 F1 i0 `7 b3 g% Y
as the first parameter returns a pointer 9 f+ `# @* {9 [, l- P& B
to the character following the token */ 8 c" M/ s$ I5 t) \
p = strtok(NULL, ","); ( Q( J5 H! Z1 V8 Z
if (p) printf("%s\n", p); * {, S4 D5 i( I- Z
return 0; , N- F" x7 t* X5 s1 I& Y' p7 w
} " E* f. W) g- ?: [1 u2 L! p

' h& f) ]: w6 J4 u' V
8 F2 U/ Y4 k, }
, l) }' ]" m4 X3 v( x函数名: strtol 
9 |. Q W: E% Z1 R5 I功能: 将串转换为长整数
* }" {$ w: R% |9 n( I2 m( J用法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
; C, v7 n" M8 I; q0 A. C7 A程序例: 
5 P. f- B7 R' y$ R#include <STDLIB.H>* U1 x* k3 E) [, b/ g3 d
#include <STDIO.H>7 T$ H/ }1 E+ w' T- c+ {
int main(void) # k; @* O. S5 V2 a1 n( P
{
* q0 u! \7 }. a: Q/ R" dchar *string = "87654321", *endptr; ( z8 X/ H. r5 z
long lnumber; 
3 u, ^3 k- |" [/* strtol converts string to long integer */
3 I1 r, U' Z: a; f; j! c7 B" flnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
& X% @7 d# Z- S: Sprintf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber); 
( _8 W2 h! E6 ?# jreturn 0; % O' \; N" Q$ r& W) M" k
} 8 M% `- v/ c. p; d! R* I
3 K9 }9 G) g; Q+ O2 Q
函数名: strupr 
& l c' J* p0 V4 T4 X功能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母 ' c: {, i) L7 f- b
用法: char *strupr(char *str); + G% M, N; O, q# R6 j( j
程序例: 
9 ?% e6 p% @2 X5 h2 H, |#include <STDIO.H>9 P% Y- d( y" {; Y7 k9 h/ c: N. C
#include <STRING.H>
" t! i0 U: g9 B6 {' j" ~int main(void) 7 V) p% |1 g0 Q1 v. }& w
{ , M9 F6 V3 |" K
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; 
 g. Y% P( ?* E9 ^/* converts string to upper case characters */
 q9 `$ ?7 ^$ Y; ]' [! Hptr = strupr(string); " B% o- m8 Y, t; w# b- r
printf("%s\n", ptr); " ]+ O7 u& B4 e: t
return 0; # h: J) J7 W) A( T6 ?$ }
} & P! M+ j9 _1 l- Q" q9 Q
! ]1 C1 d a; q
7 F. H0 ?0 q, `0 I- [! l
( I. ?- X' L; f/ h1 G# b0 K' O
函数名: swab ) X% a- j" R; O
功能: 交换字节
8 B" y5 |4 e" D用法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes); $ j6 I5 `1 C; X8 R$ ~7 o8 M0 @
程序例: 4 f" @ }6 R3 H# V
#include <STDLIB.H>
, n& E4 P- v8 l# h8 D9 }3 n1 e#include <STDIO.H>$ w8 l$ g0 ? K8 l
#include <STRING.H>- n- a" g8 U7 z# \- N! \
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; - a! v! s: M9 k0 D8 K* l7 O
char target[15]; 
6 _% k1 I5 b+ |$ |int main(void) 6 {8 b$ M8 i( Y' C; `
{ ; Z6 C4 V7 R q5 ~$ t
swab(source, target, strlen(source)); ; H& @' {% V" ?' k
printf("This is target: %s\n", target); & J) e* r9 `2 h3 x: o
return 0; F$ w0 }' t: K
} ' z1 p% e0 V& K" b

, r1 p# a% @* e% i' E- {, n. O
! R( O! B% J9 E7 L+ ^. Z5 \
' | ~& j6 [2 B$ N9 e函数名: system 
1 t1 t7 B8 C5 z' W& l6 P4 @4 p功能: 发出一个DOS命令 7 Z( q0 {& \! f8 b3 T
用法: int system(char *command); ; F1 X- S: J! j* n
程序例: 
4 G3 b9 J6 ~* f# ?3 _( l#include <STDLIB.H>
9 W# a" [* r+ m+ t, g#include <STDIO.H>( l9 J& D' [/ j1 j. Q* x
int main(void)
( j! L l! Q+ ^{ ) b, d8 n6 g4 K; }* a
printf("About to spawn command.com and run a DOS command\n");
9 \2 V$ O6 ^" U. \- K) x3 zsystem("dir"); & s3 x# L" o! m4 p. L4 @
return 0;
7 v% X2 G4 p( v. ?! c}