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函数大全(g开头)

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<

align=center>函数大全(g开头)


<

>函数名: gcvt 
功能: 把浮点数转换成字符串
用法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);
程序例: 
<

>#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */ 
<

>/* a regular number */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* a negative number */
num = -123.4567;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>/* scientific notation */
num = 0.678e5;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str); 
<

>return(0);
}



<

>函数名: geninterrupt 
功能: 产生一个软中断
用法: void geninterrupt(int intr_num);
程序例: 
<

>#include <CONIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
<

>/* function prototype */
void writechar(char ch); 
<

>int main(void)
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(80,25);
writechar('*');
getch();
return 0;
} 
<

>/*
outputs a character at the current cursor
position using the video BIOS to avoid the
scrolling of the screen when writing to
location (80,25).
*/ 
<

>void writechar(char ch)
{
struct text_info ti;
/* grab current text settings */
gettextinfo(&ti);
/* interrupt 0x10 sub-function 9 */
_AH = 9;
/* character to be output */
_AL = ch;
_BH = 0; /* video page */
_BL = ti.attribute; /* video attribute */
_CX = 1; /* repetition factor */
geninterrupt(0x10); /* output the char */
}


<

>函数名: getarccoords 
功能: 取得最后一次调用arc的坐标
用法: void far getarccoords(struct arccoordstype far *arccoords);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct arccoordstype arcinfo;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 270;
char sstr[80], estr[80]; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("

ress any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
<

>midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
<

>/* draw arc and get coordinates */
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, 100);
getarccoords(&arcinfo); 
<

>/* convert arc information into strings */
sprintf(sstr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart);
sprintf(estr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend); 
<

>/* output the arc information */
outtextxy(arcinfo.xstart,
arcinfo.ystart, sstr);
outtextxy(arcinfo.xend,
arcinfo.yend, estr); 
<

>/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



<

>函数名: getaspectratio 
功能: 返回当前图形模式的纵横比
用法: void far getaspectratio(int far *xasp, int far *yasp);
程序例: 
<

>#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
<

>int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy; 
<

>/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
<

>/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* get current aspect ratio settings */
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp); 
/* draw normal circle */
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw wide circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch(); 
/* draw narrow circle */
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getbkcolor 
功能: 返回当前背景颜色
用法: int far getbkcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int bkcolor, midx, midy;
char bkname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current background color */
bkcolor = getbkcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(bkcolor, bkname, 10);
strcat(bkname,
" is the current background color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, bkname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}



函数名: getc 
功能: 从流中取字符
用法: int getc(FILE *stream);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
/* read a character from the
standard input stream */
ch = getc(stdin);
printf("The character input was: '%c'\n",
ch);
return 0;
}



函数名: getcbrk 
功能: 获取Control_break设置
用法: int getcbrk(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DOS.H>
int main(void)
{
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n"); 
return 0;
} 


函数名: getch 
功能: 从控制台无回显地取一个字符
用法: int getch(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getchar 
功能: 从stdin流中读字符
用法: int getchar(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
int c; 
/* Note that getchar reads from stdin and
is line buffered; this means it will
not return until you press ENTER. */ 
while ((c = getchar()) != '\n')
printf("%c", c); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getche 
功能: 从控制台取字符(带回显)
用法: int getche(void);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
char ch; 
printf("Input a character:");
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a '%c'\n", ch);
return 0;
}


函数名: getcolor 
功能: 返回当前画线颜色
用法: int far getcolor(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STRING.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, midx, midy;
char colname[35]; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* for centering text on the display */
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
/* get the current drawing color */
color = getcolor(); 
/* convert color value into a string */
itoa(color, colname, 10);
strcat(colname,
" is the current drawing color."); 
/* display a message */
outtextxy(midx, midy, colname); 
/* clean up */
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}


函数名: getcurdir 
功能: 取指定驱动器的当前目录
用法: int getcurdir(int drive, char *direc);
程序例: 
#include <DIR.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <STRING.H>
char *current_directory(char *path)
{
strcpy(path, "X:\\"); /* fill string with form of response: X:\ */
path[0] = 'A' + getdisk(); /* replace X with current drive letter */
getcurdir(0, path+3); /* fill rest of string with current directory */
return(path);
} 
int main(void)
{
char curdir[MAXPATH]; 
current_directory(curdir);
printf("The current directory is %s\n", curdir); 
return 0;
}


函数名: getcwd 
功能: 取当前工作目录
用法: char *getcwd(char *buf, int n);
程序例: 
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <DIR.H>
int main(void)
{
char buffer[MAXPATH]; 
getcwd(buffer, MAXPATH);
printf("The current directory is: %s\n", buffer);
return 0;
} 


函数名: getdate 
功能: 取DOS日期
用法: void getdate(struct *dateblk);
程序例: 
#include <DOS.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
int main(void)
{
struct date d; 
getdate(&d);
printf("The current year is: %d\n",
d.da_year);
printf("The current day is: %d\n",
d.da_day);
printf("The current month is: %d\n",
d.da_mon);
return 0;
}


函数名: getdefaultpalette 
功能: 返回调色板定义结构
用法: struct palettetype *far getdefaultpalette(void);
程序例: 
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
#include <STDLIB.H>
#include <STDIO.H>
#include <CONIO.H>
int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int i; 
/* structure for returning palette copy */
struct palettetype far *pal=(void *) 0; 
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
/* read result of initialization */
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
} 
setcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
/* return a pointer to the default palette */
pal = getdefaultpalette(); 
for (i=0; i<16; i++)
{
printf("colors[%d] = %d\n", i,
pal->colors); 2 A* R; y3 {% q
getch(); 3 G# U1 d- N/ N' X# F. U
} . E# H- P# S# C7 f0 K7 _
/* clean up */ 1 ^) _4 p* J7 [2 s. y4 K- F7 I; B
getch(); 8 R: I# Y& h5 o: y/ J6 c
closegraph();
3 _7 C# O- U- V2 b; l, T5 G: breturn 0; $ }- K/ k) `+ }. U1 C2 {
}
6 n; M+ |2 o1 V0 B; R n. M6 F
6 o5 S6 P1 y0 T9 v, e! @7 p7 `' A/ v: r! T6 a% q, q# o
函数名: getdisk * L: P- S1 |0 ~# V! L8 ?2 Y
功能: 取当前磁盘驱动器号 ' A9 V. q5 y7 N2 P" m8 u$ G9 n
用法: int getdisk(void);
: D C) c3 ]) ?8 Z5 ]6 z程序例: 
0 e0 {/ J3 R6 r1 P, w#include <STDIO.H>
3 u* F3 M( j+ g2 U/ L! u#include <DIR.H>
2 e; q; L1 d9 M) `9 `, r8 |int main(void)
% ^+ Q) ? I4 V" T{ + F9 N8 ]: T/ r/ o( b
int disk; : i0 }% e9 I1 w: k! m
disk = getdisk() + 'A';
: @6 {, {5 f% q; J+ Mprintf("The current drive is: %c\n", ( @% Z. c: r9 R4 [/ O/ _# ^
disk);
/ N0 \: J" L: Y. O4 Jreturn 0; 2 T. e$ r8 q* W6 Q' d. p6 B
} 1 D d5 d+ R% z* s

/ z7 B( ?6 S: A$ v: c' L/ f8 |: X, V% _; U, g

6 K2 Q4 W4 B1 c# [$ }' C0 d函数名: getdrivername 
4 `2 W4 Y# @- H5 i% \! f功能: 返回指向包含当前图形驱动程序名字的字符串指针 * e, [+ l; c S. _! {& ` E
用法: char *getdrivename(void);
" m7 r, Z! X, Y# n: [程序例: 
* E0 B7 Z/ G- D% o0 v* D: i#include <GRAPHICS.H>
6 a8 Q I8 }0 g. I+ K6 f! U# b#include <STDLIB.H>
0 y5 v: f" }+ M, ^#include <STDIO.H>
' r4 R6 _' P7 x: c#include <CONIO.H>
* `# s0 Q9 x+ E8 O' Eint main(void) , f9 p+ v: m9 ^
{ 0 Q7 r$ h! L; l6 w, E
/* request auto detection */ ) a) M' b- g% n
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; & Z: q* t# z3 r7 |: Y7 `3 P: B- ?
/* stores the device driver name */
, B- W4 R9 W+ Hchar *drivername; 
0 i8 S' {" u$ G/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ' g- ]. R; V& s) b; C/ Y
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # [2 ~( ` F- B3 I
/* read result of initialization */ ' P7 r7 }' w+ w" c2 c7 f/ m5 W* e
errorcode = graphresult(); ' X# J! b/ _5 L- Y4 S- ~. e. c$ X
/* an error occurred */ ' [. r Q. c3 d6 C4 A1 b
if (errorcode != grOk)
7 K m# g& Q( \/ V{ - B! u; G7 ~( A# G
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", * U' q z1 V" x, ^7 F" Q
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); + [7 o) p, j9 t9 ] K% V& _
printf("Press any key to halt:");
! a. a; \9 Y1 h& {6 Z7 Fgetch();
 J# g) `" A: F8 V# v/* terminate with an error code */ 4 K' O3 w3 b' R3 k' b
exit(1);
: b. v6 Y, ~" A* y( ` B, F} 
1 p# ^* @, }( n2 f! j5 ~9 rsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 
( O' a3 g \/ h/ G/* get name of the device driver in use */ , r+ ~0 Y- n" t1 H, p
drivername = getdrivername(); . P. ]4 l: G' f1 ?5 V, f8 ]
/* for centering text on the screen */
5 _9 v3 a- D/ h1 B; [! R; `$ Z0 lsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
! c: n% H: x4 _* q3 \& j/* output the name of the driver */
; p6 W" s7 H2 y& ^7 \$ j ]outtextxy(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2,
; h* S0 p5 J: z0 f7 T% ~/ ydrivername); 
! _# }# L+ H H0 R2 r0 w. A" ^, B4 [/* clean up */
' f* _6 A o/ }5 n/ n* ^0 K `getch(); + M; f2 q! T4 d
closegraph();
. z9 ?; B! R5 M) ~ Ereturn 0;
# R( d% M. L) w$ J. U; T) x} * K; @ o Q1 f9 z6 g! J
 s+ ]6 \/ w; z+ ^1 ~$ n) n

" W/ }+ Q0 Y7 T( q" S5 x2 k函数名: getdta 4 y2 u! L! m; d. x. [& H) Z& D
功能: 取磁盘传输地址 7 |& A& a' O; M, q
用法: char far *getdta(void); ! J3 P, Z% g- A& T
程序例: 
6 a+ g* i/ P6 P! @* N2 J6 Z! o#include <DOS.H>
, i8 ~, u& x8 D! m& b# f. C* L#include <STDIO.H>% S V, X* s6 Z. V2 X
int main(void) ) L) N1 x. R: D
{ # w+ Q! v! Q" z3 M8 N
char far *dta; 
8 I& J A) A( h$ l: Fdta = getdta();
0 p" @- [- T1 {; M/ pprintf("The current disk transfer \ ! A# Z1 s6 v1 ^3 e9 j- e* }& B' f. ]# \
address is: %Fp\n", dta);
0 J8 Z' s2 }: {+ e2 q& D+ ureturn 0;
; E2 A0 \& x& _4 U}
5 g5 b! N2 C/ ?$ ?; O( c1 Y2 _8 {! p
" w& l4 `0 v f2 x. e% l8 h- m ^; v- r3 U( o& U
函数名: getenv 
# | T n& @' N" r/ R2 Y; A功能: 从环境中取字符串
+ x: B, i/ K5 \- ~4 w5 h用法: char *getenv(char *envvar);
, X9 r* U6 B8 q5 K$ s程序例: 2 y: U9 s( g& E/ L8 Z2 r x
#include <STDLIB.H>
' B; d; [/ f2 i3 o#include <STDIO.H>/ e! e1 F) N& w! D" f
" C4 }2 |0 x3 B2 q
int main(void)
5 ?# l+ m Y% B' @% t2 s{ ! e b6 ~6 l+ V* P. Z# m. t( [
char *s; 
( O y' i$ `+ V# C7 \s=getenv("COMSPEC"); /* get the comspec environment parameter */ ! ]$ Y, u) {/ Y+ x
printf("Command processor: %s\n",s); /* display comspec parameter */ 
% a( T( \0 q3 w) ^: nreturn 0;
7 ?) ?" J" N+ o0 i. Z+ t} 
' H5 p( M) {* [
: I) o2 `, ^( A0 T9 a @: ^9 o/ }+ u4 a5 T
# {2 z% R$ s& E
函数名: getfat, getfatd 
( C0 f/ Q! j/ r [/ o功能: 取文件分配表信息 * X f1 j. ~4 J
用法: void getfat(int drive, struct fatinfo *fatblkp);
: A( u* b' [, D5 F& G6 r0 g程序例: * ^ Q2 H3 J8 h4 p
#include <STDIO.H>
8 \1 U% ~9 z. f: W% h) H#include <DOS.H>
% F1 `, l, x; m6 Eint main(void) " n" Z8 A6 R* c
{ 1 l+ k# j4 K v1 S6 \3 p3 E
struct fatinfo diskinfo; 1 ?8 V) n; i( } {" Q% K
int flag = 0; 
: b6 o7 x7 Y6 Z8 cprintf("Please insert disk in drive A\n"); / u$ @1 K, v% U6 w& n7 E7 z
getchar(); ! ?( v! |/ [5 E9 |, f
getfat(1, &diskinfo);
6 y4 [6 Z: U1 K. Q$ ^. I/* get drive information */ 4 M/ ]* T* ~7 M
printf("\nDrive A: is ");
 _. p. H1 H2 C: e' f* v m7 Hswitch((unsigned char) diskinfo.fi_fatid)
1 d: {7 r' [: y{ # V. J1 @8 B8 q$ j* P' {* D
case 0xFD: . i5 P# D4 @9 v; j
printf("360K low density\n");
, C$ e" [- p9 B! y( ?+ ^& kbreak; 5 s M' w7 f/ d" |; [- O
case 0xF9: % m+ L3 G$ Q+ X2 a3 _( v4 I
printf("1.2 Meg high density\n");
" E5 u4 O8 o" Pbreak; - g& E' I: w$ v: ]' A/ c
default:
/ M$ {0 R4 u B- rprintf("unformatted\n"); 8 }: L2 \$ }$ _; F- Q! O# q
flag = 1; 3 ~; o" @3 S5 ?' x: b) g$ c# o
} 
; e( U# O/ G* R9 a* j9 Cif (!flag)
# C3 X9 P) Q% x) \{
6 p$ B# ^% u4 K( \printf(" sectors per cluster %5d\n",
1 Z* ^0 b; s% ^ T! _diskinfo.fi_sclus);
/ L$ \' y* ]$ F& Fprintf(" number of clusters %5d\n", . V( @' $ n, j# S" D
diskinfo.fi_nclus);
( b6 G- `) R7 h$ J& s: V+ `printf(" bytes per sector %5d\n",
3 P) e: u; K7 c& ?/ Kdiskinfo.fi_bysec);
% l! T* T+ E1 d, H% } Z} ! U$ r0 F6 n) }- @( `( L$ Y
return 0;
3 q8 I, Q1 F1 j {* A' ?# u}
9 p* R9 P8 P$ a" a4 k# |
) z5 _0 }9 S+ j1 A, T$ C
! N& I+ S4 z1 b5 {7 g) @' }' {- D函数名: getfillpattern 
9 Q* Q6 x' {7 [* j9 d" Q: L% J5 p功能: 将用户定义的填充模式拷贝到内存中 7 ` j3 M4 z: y$ s b. z. v2 |
用法: void far getfillpattern(char far *upattern); # w: u/ m+ w& N( e3 G8 N1 Z
程序例: 
& _1 m; A, \- S* E+ ~#include <GRAPHICS.H># v5 @/ [; ^- S {
#include <STDLIB.H>
; a$ y: a4 i) a) |; C- a; A6 \#include <STDIO.H>" {6 n% i: d3 a9 t1 V
#include <CONIO.H>9 D0 ]/ O) k. m6 w: V# P2 E
int main(void) 9 N( Z, P+ t7 X- S8 k
{ 8 n8 $ w# W8 {) ]: U+ o
/* request auto detection */ + j' R! u U* K7 q0 g
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
* V7 {9 ^% n/ ^' V9 `int maxx, maxy;
* e+ S5 z; ?+ j# r& H, Ichar pattern[8] = {0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x25, 0x27, 0x04, 0x04}; 8 @5 V- l2 \2 q/ H
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
' f2 J9 V& c. F# ~initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
* x/ h' h. }- r) C# m5 M/ F/* read result of initialization */ & D3 y6 K- s, H& ~' i
errorcode = graphresult();
, S& J, s- P' c4 E3 ~7 [+ qif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
' z# b$ t' L& G{ " ]. u; G0 J- h. T
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 6 F# w/ ]# P6 b- G# S
printf("Press any key to halt:"); - ^3 C/ P* a: m9 i% m7 X
getch();
: Y9 g' x3 ?% B Pexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
& D* G- p) U" U7 s; @" X4 G0 }+ g} % T: d" F' z" Q" _) A
maxx = getmaxx(); - G9 v, W$ b) ?: y' W) U. |
maxy = getmaxy();
7 _0 i# |3 }9 q+ j, N1 Hsetcolor(getmaxcolor()); 2 r% E4 R0 v; T
/* select a user defined fill pattern */ & o0 R$ `: b9 ^* ^
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
; E3 G. a5 Y3 c4 U* w* J/* fill the screen with the pattern */ ) _2 v9 O7 l5 P$ w0 p
bar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); ' S$ A8 o$ m7 b! d8 F6 H
getch(); 3 F2 U! d" J3 V) r- m; i8 x' d7 F
/* get the current user defined fill pattern */
) |. p. E5 R' u7 G% qgetfillpattern(pattern); ; Z) O, Z: ] A% f# ]+ \6 s
/* alter the pattern we grabbed */
" j' z8 L) T8 v T- ypattern[4] -= 1; : v; G7 o$ ^+ k9 e- ]2 i1 ?. n. w
pattern[5] -= 3; . t3 T8 v3 v$ K" G
pattern[6] += 3;
2 k8 s+ y7 E' f" a2 H/ wpattern[7] -= 4; 
 u; O; V& f/ ?5 A/* select our new pattern */ & O6 R$ \" E" K2 j0 h/ ^3 U5 }
setfillpattern(pattern, getmaxcolor()); 
, @1 F& h) d8 a/* fill the screen with the new pattern */
1 {. z5 g3 N6 p* S7 `; xbar(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
4 `5 F) z/ g1 _/* clean up */ ! P% q3 w) w: t/ f0 M5 U! u, K
getch(); 8 v0 m) j# }* a' ^5 I8 D
closegraph(); + J3 Y- k4 i/ W% d2 S
return 0;
* T! X' W' W2 y }" R4 q} - z3 e& Z" f, i1 I
4 P$ ~ O* i. B" e2 Y
: j* o: Q. e6 A$ `% P R9 Q- G2 L
函数名: getfillsettings 
8 X- ]% V6 e- N7 e; t功能: 取得有关当前填充模式和填充颜色的信息
$ K, u O& e2 `9 z7 ^5 l用法: void far getfillsettings(struct fillsettingstype far *fillinfo); 4 ]# Z: ^- x- W- a' I
程序例: ( g$ J& y, h" [9 E% _0 D
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# l% o x* u7 ]$ a9 o+ T#include <STDLIB.H>
* l b, G4 D g! }; [5 T#include <STDIO.H>
4 |0 m4 M! L+ B& K3 O$ e' r1 S$ T#include <CONIO.H>+ k, y# r, S. u5 K
/ the names of the fill styles supported */ 7 E( ]' H! V/ a$ Z. ~2 C6 k0 Z
char *fname[] = { "EMPTY_FILL", 3 M O- a% z1 q1 w6 N4 ~8 l
"SOLID_FILL", - ^3 H4 I, L1 H$ M) f
"LINE_FILL", 2 i) U' s7 b! h
"LTSLASH_FILL",
: ~0 c4 {! |1 [2 F3 x$ r"SLASH_FILL",
 V0 U, N! w4 h! [( j8 n"BKSLASH_FILL", # l9 z, c" N) i6 k( ~$ v! E( J
"LTBKSLASH_FILL", & k# G+ Q" d$ Z- W5 U
"HATCH_FILL",
, h3 H* ?4 m4 D2 ?' @4 K8 P9 {"XHATCH_FILL", 6 l3 b- K' |: e$ |6 K( D
"INTERLEAVE_FILL",
4 Y" `& C; ?- p; l"WIDE_DOT_FILL",
3 I# _# V& }2 h7 j"CLOSE_DOT_FILL", 2 A; d( B2 B+ W9 ?2 ~% N
"USER_FILL" ) a( v0 n- r" i4 N2 P
}; 
( |5 Y6 \' c$ H4 P+ Lint main(void)
3 g+ b5 q$ J' h, W- x{
1 Z1 p# ~0 w+ C" E6 A/* request auto detection */ , O! w. ^7 v# u- o1 a) ^
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
: s' I' q. F8 u/ j/ p1 u/ Istruct fillsettingstype fillinfo; * q' c( O- M1 N' i
int midx, midy; 3 f8 Y* ?& V h7 ~
char patstr[40], colstr[40]; 
3 q1 t& u) [0 T. A: I/* initialize graphics and local variables */
8 P- v7 j M' {, c, Zinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); " k! }' [; d; Y4 Z- o+ U) J
/* read result of initialization */
/ v& \) a' E9 Lerrorcode = graphresult();
3 D1 ~3 b' i- o& r6 Jif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
! @. y, Z4 Y% g) W1 R+ H{ . Q0 ~# u& I1 A. a# t+ ]3 ]! ^
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 5 `0 B' g* H4 g: Z
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 6 C, I4 I' w4 z
getch(); : S4 M/ t6 h8 u4 J1 g A: o
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
" I8 L, k* p2 {+ j# i& _} 
$ p1 Y5 o5 ]8 S. jmidx = getmaxx() / 2; 9 t8 `* X% W2 `: V/ T E2 S- X1 S
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ! ^% H. H, @6 c
/* get information about current fill pattern and color */ 2 U6 n: w, L7 ~2 B9 b: K+ u& w
getfillsettings(&fillinfo); ) P7 P( r; @ w9 o& C- j9 l" @
/* convert fill information into strings */ + i3 p& r3 B+ Q* g- @3 l, g
sprintf(patstr, "%s is the fill style.", fname[fillinfo.pattern]);
' `5 T; d3 {3 n. n2 gsprintf(colstr, "%d is the fill color.", fillinfo.color); 
+ r# @2 |. k. ?1 T: T; @/* display the information */
- s* Z: h8 |5 _' s: }' n2 Rsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
- f0 \2 Q, g- D qouttextxy(midx, midy, patstr);
9 O! i. n0 D+ B. U/ K' Qouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), colstr); 
9 r- ]) ^3 i) Q) m$ w. Q/* clean up */
 \; N/ _, r3 A; Jgetch();
! l8 S% I/ E% R$ T* I- W" Zclosegraph(); / H5 s6 L, h5 \4 r4 U. _0 K& ~. r, H
return 0; & s( f7 m* f+ F/ F1 _' v
} & @8 h6 k. x; l, X; r7 J
* z$ C, o" s" W0 j
, Z6 o7 B$ @5 l" `2 r
/ c4 X' S: B- o# J2 O N9 r9 t
函数名: getftime 9 ^" z5 s" G2 E. G4 v: V
功能: 取文件日期和时间
* R* I, S$ h: f2 l7 ~( E用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep);
% n: B9 ]7 o* D5 K- J& Z6 U- V程序例: 6 O1 G% c4 i% Q) f9 b
#include <STDIO.H>
, j' `% z6 C0 p* q: D" ]! c#include <IO.H>, q5 }; M/ C( `0 Y) n# Z( p
int main(void)
% P# i* m. I8 u{
! j) E2 x; S. KFILE *stream;
2 H0 E# ?: P% E9 P. N2 U8 B- d( ustruct ftime ft; 
+ o! q+ s( t& P0 G% S) d. Gif ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$",
; @1 K7 _ V/ s! P8 D"wt")) == NULL) / n* J/ p+ c) g8 U
{
' v% I* N" e5 U# [" Y0 X, y2 Lfprintf(stderr, 2 n0 o) p8 ?% ~+ r. }
"Cannot open output file.\n"); / T% _5 d2 j- a9 o
return 1; , T) |. c) S/ o) H; X
}
3 Z3 `2 _* O# f5 qgetftime(fileno(stream), &ft); 0 d- a$ M9 G* ~8 e9 |. l, t
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n", [! u& S, Q7 h* T1 e4 e. d
ft.ft_hour, ft.ft_min, 6 J+ ]5 _" B) h8 P
ft.ft_tsec * 2); ! x! U! _: w0 e9 p2 y/ a+ p
printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
9 y3 V3 @( ?0 W3 R% R) z M4 Vft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, : e% ?8 }7 g8 b4 J( r
ft.ft_year+1980); 9 |8 f6 v4 d l! T5 |
fclose(stream);
5 ~2 _0 l8 f+ ~return 0; ! \* y' Q# B E- S9 Q
} * n: c ^' C. ?

6 f% u( \; g* B( k V! V
- _/ c( p5 ^* g+ I8 F. C4 u* B0 X0 b, d1 i$ @* G
函数名: getgraphmode ; Z4 {2 _, U0 m
功能: 返回当前图形模式
4 e: d0 N7 _/ z0 K8 i用法: int far getgraphmode(void); 3 I( _: N; Y; S- R$ M* E
程序例: 
1 ?4 x6 M) |: M. x2 v#include <GRAPHICS.H>
. z! J" g1 ^4 n8 Q- [' J) s#include <STDLIB.H>5 d J& J8 V3 f
#include <STDIO.H>3 D. s+ a1 T% V! i. |
#include <CONIO.H>
1 F1 g ]( x4 Y2 B/ Q# hint main(void)
! M& [! G) {7 U! ]0 k+ C{
* n% C9 ^* }+ t& h1 F( F" C/* request auto detection */ M4 c- R; F0 |0 O; d2 X
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
3 L$ p; z* Y; kint midx, midy, mode;
& i1 \* @+ E( w% A$ k+ m) E" |: b/ s2 Ychar numname[80], modename[80]; 5 E# m: `* e" k6 c
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 5 H. b4 c4 @2 L1 R
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); % }) S* E/ C4 F; P# j+ {
/* read result of initialization */ 6 d0 \! x5 Y8 V
errorcode = graphresult(); % ?3 F) c9 c" b1 S
/* an error occurred */
2 T- c8 p6 ]3 m9 X+ x7 Bif (errorcode != grOk) $ A! r! h4 a" V& S" [, O
{
3 C& H9 G8 T" c9 T( E' nprintf("Graphics error: %s\n",
* P. B; M3 {0 @3 T. Igrapherrormsg(errorcode));
! K+ N8 J2 M) r+ ]" o+ Y9 Wprintf("Press any key to halt:");
9 N+ S( w+ u& R8 u+ K* Y2 agetch(); . K4 x$ b+ c/ \# K& X
/* terminate with an error code */ 3 g8 P# S8 m! x) |) f
exit(1); 1 I! L1 q+ }/ r
} 
3 w" m9 N3 s) F* l5 h) _- ]1 u0 Q8 Mmidx = getmaxx() / 2; Y6 x- F1 t7 b0 w
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
8 n2 D* I$ k$ o% a+ N$ R/* get mode number and name strings */
 \9 i$ v& Q' h0 J* N9 Kmode = getgraphmode(); 0 {$ ?8 z9 F" `0 e- Q
sprintf(numname, 0 b5 m1 ^& t! d6 k* T0 v; Z9 O
"%d is the current mode number.", 1 @+ R+ h+ P- m: g* X' V q3 Z
mode);
6 d/ U5 s: v" R5 x9 [7 B. csprintf(modename,
! J A0 o$ p% H) _: `2 H"%s is the current graphics mode",
; G$ V1 e) S! c- _+ F8 kgetmodename(mode)); - o$ s! Y& Z3 u6 U% |
/* display the information */ ~0 O& [9 v1 p& w2 l
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); / N% p8 @7 |3 e0 s( i! v1 Y F
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname);
8 f; q& o) [4 u R) Uouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"),
! S8 Y0 U: K; Q% a5 Z3 rmodename); * N2 C2 e( M( s. n$ m# E. T- A4 p' ]
/* clean up */ " J. j7 z1 \2 k3 K+ B- `( d. O
getch();
$ I, O! m# p8 Z( ?, K3 Eclosegraph();
: ~1 t9 H/ a3 W6 W. c! rreturn 0;
2 M/ O9 J2 {. g( k! e} 
( S. Z# P1 J% G, F; t6 O/ g2 H+ `+ d7 n3 P' `# G( i7 M7 V

2 j1 ]# A: k8 I1 N% B函数名: getftime - r) k5 j& x/ o5 C. X
功能: 取文件日期和时间 . s0 h! v& A8 n
用法: int getftime(int handle, struct ftime *ftimep); , G7 |) e# }' b+ o6 L' ?0 @
程序例: 2 w+ `2 S/ X% T+ v4 `' y w
#include <STDIO.H>5 e; [, B& B) Y) Q/ ^8 c/ H4 G3 l
#include <IO.H>9 I( e4 W/ g" B0 o# J6 X
int main(void)
2 r. }8 L! I, Y, p( a{
' w0 p7 k! R* ?3 ^+ R7 |" JFILE *stream; # G# P( s: e* L0 V/ P( l) \' P
struct ftime ft; ! d% H) Z+ A- G& [9 b6 z% K) g
if ((stream = fopen("TEST.$$$", * ]. E3 Y, P+ G
"wt")) == NULL)
$ I ~% t( f9 x6 o" o{
; i6 B3 ~7 j( S. I1 }/ N2 Tfprintf(stderr, & G3 u* Y, Q h* Q y8 m
"Cannot open output file.\n"); Q1 d7 f* v: W2 O) \# u4 N3 K
return 1; $ r2 q6 b. T* D
} ' Q& K/ E0 ~0 t8 a- E
getftime(fileno(stream), &ft); 9 o3 F' z2 z) c
printf("File time: %u:%u:%u\n",
/ K' \; H$ A3 p' ift.ft_hour, ft.ft_min, / a4 \! H0 E R9 E4 D1 R, i3 ]) n
ft.ft_tsec * 2); 2 a0 w, Y6 R: v& t6 x" A, Y! ^# G
printf("File date: %u/%u/%u\n",
, |2 Y4 A, c0 d1 S5 m @5 {- Kft.ft_month, ft.ft_day, % j/ {9 O4 F0 u5 ^
ft.ft_year+1980); " [, y, c5 o& H( D9 F0 J
fclose(stream);
. L% b. ?" {& e2 Dreturn 0;
) ^/ v; c5 q7 R2 y% \) Z} 
% J b" l4 z$ M
( {4 _* F$ }8 v+ c J. I% R
8 Z! w, Q: e; d0 p T# N( p. o: m) d; H- j5 E% ?
函数名: getgraphmode 
% T( I5 d! {# |. u功能: 返回当前图形模式
" J& u7 y' U; k9 r9 t" ]用法: int far getgraphmode(void);
& G7 f6 I/ Y9 r0 \+ }' t9 g! w# |程序例: " j& L5 Q! T' d1 }& K
#include <GRAPHICS.H># S0 [5 H3 l& ^) K+ d
#include <STDLIB.H>9 c) E" N# y7 q @
#include <STDIO.H>: q* z( ]) S# S x" U
#include <CONIO.H>$ r7 a8 w& v( t9 o& H0 D
int main(void) 9 _+ G' _" O( e% q. B
{ # e& k& V2 O: n5 [' ^ v( W
/* request auto detection */
: g1 g1 M1 n! e; N" Pint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
& V1 _: q7 k! O7 rint midx, midy, mode; ' U! ]% ~/ A7 l1 `. R( y$ b
char numname[80], modename[80]; 
: C" B! C% v. \* L2 O! P7 K/* initialize graphics and local variables */ $ ], I6 F! I* Q4 i" r& p1 h2 V9 U9 w
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); - M( p) ~" Z' O+ Y2 X
/* read result of initialization */
+ T0 F( C$ f9 ~errorcode = graphresult();
6 G8 M9 c: x3 I- f/* an error occurred */ ' J; Q+ K+ b! w. B+ M! }4 {: m
if (errorcode != grOk)
. u8 b7 q0 `5 s$ Y$ b$ ]{
- r) [' m7 V! N, l. aprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", 4 f, A8 ~0 W' L) R% G
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
% }; R: ~. N: Iprintf("Press any key to halt:");
) [" F7 C9 t1 }) z# a5 w- ]getch(); ) ?$ s4 k" d3 a1 L
/* terminate with an error code */
- I9 e7 Q: n7 H$ ~- C# q9 V4 a0 I2 eexit(1);
5 }9 g- o. s5 Z} 
. u' a& V! u) g& {midx = getmaxx() / 2;
2 B$ m* l: t1 K) Tmidy = getmaxy() / 2; * K- y0 R* }4 o: ~7 b* [/ B
/* get mode number and name strings */
. m9 l& w; O* P+ Q4 ?mode = getgraphmode(); 7 U% w( ~' e4 C/ p; _
sprintf(numname, + [! U" j3 h9 n& h6 g* F4 d
"%d is the current mode number.",
* [# g/ z, V: x) Gmode);
8 p$ ^( A* i: j$ v5 a: Wsprintf(modename, ) J) R) j; X+ {
"%s is the current graphics mode",
( L) ?( @5 k3 q" d9 j" P' Qgetmodename(mode)); . p3 m. A N! B8 w% m" v0 g% |! e- O
/* display the information */
5 q4 i ]. @) isettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 8 ?$ W9 m8 n1 J6 m4 `) k
outtextxy(midx, midy, numname); ! r c' d1 U4 ]+ m
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"),
8 a+ h* r7 t) l E: Fmodename); 
* V+ \5 h* m( }( Y* T' w3 i; S/* clean up */
+ F. L; b! n4 ?getch(); # z6 l$ ~# U! _9 P$ B+ D4 l; d6 i
closegraph();
; c. |9 T2 A; c; h$ I# `# D' w5 ereturn 0; - I" _* ]- H7 c5 F( ?" ?" B
}
: e z0 X" ^3 `% \! ?$ \5 H# B8 z6 n! a3 M
& z6 U( d/ w2 T" n4 m# J
函数名: getimage $ F1 V6 ^9 `8 e4 t0 \4 N& r
功能: 将指定区域的一个位图存到主存中
0 \8 V7 o# {3 B f/ U3 L- f8 m用法: void far getimage(int left, int top, int right, int bottom,
) K+ p3 I0 L8 evoid far *bitmap);
+ ^5 j5 F* [ g' l/ H程序例: & _6 _3 k3 P$ r) J7 C U
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# i6 b$ Z% w& X3 ?8 G' r6 g, j#include <STDLIB.H>5 {$ l6 _ y! y2 @% ?0 {0 y4 }( N
#include <STDIO.H>
2 b* n) l4 j3 H! h! J0 c#include <CONIO.H>
: `, N& D5 M9 F& z- l1 t9 |#include <ALLOC.H>% U7 I3 A; _4 G- X
void save_screen(void far *buf[4]);
; N4 n& q$ M J. F8 @; N- avoid restore_screen(void far *buf[4]); 
: _8 R F; E% zint maxx, maxy; 3 R- b- L) S( v. w+ c
int main(void)
$ g5 d, V) r' ?2 K1 m6 i{ 8 r, l W. i2 X& m: q7 E
int gdriver=DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ) S, ?7 W- [- q; G
void far *ptr[4]; 
3 D* @5 C0 h5 S) [( c" y/* auto-detect the graphics driver and mode */
' $ U, h4 f: D# @; pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); ) c. @8 i# o6 w3 r, C7 k# ] _
errorcode = graphresult(); /* check for any errors */ 9 z. G0 O b2 }1 ?: @
if (errorcode != grOk) $ g6 I4 k4 P0 o0 C3 v' X* r
{
 V2 W- A& j) \/ F- N# ~. $ xprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); # B0 ]% W9 T, C# g. g% H" b+ V5 h. t" s
printf("Press any key to halt:"); % I0 ]9 t: V% z
getch(); + B; n+ O+ O1 J- n0 b
exit(1);
. T* `- Z1 ~5 O J}
# e6 s c, n7 `/ P2 E6 o9 n+ bmaxx = getmaxx();
& _5 f. J' h( Y5 a4 K K! \maxy = getmaxy(); ( |5 A J' d+ R; d0 ? N% r% J$ c
/* draw an image on the screen */
, I: J, ~% \5 T2 frectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 2 C& n: x8 G& V; f8 s) _: p' X
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); - m- S% {+ o8 m# r) e. ~
line(0, maxy, maxx, 0); 
( Y4 |# x9 o9 w8 nsave_screen(ptr); /* save the current screen */
- ~& T# b2 C. ^) d3 k; P" C3 Cgetch(); /* pause screen */ 6 ^: k/ C( Q* l
cleardevice(); /* clear screen */ , T4 i# D/ G4 c! q6 S) J
restore_screen(ptr); /* restore the screen */
5 v' ^0 V: J! L9 `8 dgetch(); /* pause screen */ # r8 z% x; G1 k/ M) B
closegraph();
! H6 m* a) r: u) P; \% i sreturn 0; 6 H% n, ~: I% g- b" w6 A
} , Y1 g3 A& q) [6 n! l8 T. M
void save_screen(void far *buf[4]) 4 A/ L8 g* l2 ], x7 m
{ ! K. U9 I2 x9 {& q: y
unsigned size;
7 C- Z/ X6 h$ L4 }$ U. ~+ B4 t6 Oint ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; . O- F. r! p& [. S$ m) u
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; : a* [$ l2 d/ U3 W3 i
yend = yincr; 1 _0 M8 A4 G6 i- s, h; S- B! ~
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ ; u; j8 N1 M6 Q3 h6 c; r% i t
for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
# q' e* r' Q: H{
# o) Z" m& G9 U& K' l: Tif ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL) & i d, p. E- @ d" B* B& I
{
( D/ u6 P" A: S6 @closegraph();
1 w) O: x: d$ ?; qprintf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n"); $ i: }1 L- v- M( `% _/ }- ?5 C
exit(1); 2 p1 q! [- l* M9 S! p
} 0 J1 m3 P6 G: f4 h. |7 f; T
getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]); * [: w/ r+ N9 z9 M1 N: K4 i. `* f
ystart = yend + 1;
% {: g( _ P0 L+ kyend += yincr + 1; b3 N4 n; S4 p9 j7 P
}
& _% D& F9 g0 G- L} 
* A- C3 z4 X+ ~' ]0 Cvoid save_screen(void far *buf[4]) 0 n' l0 w! [4 F1 R8 E
{
8 }+ o6 L( z A! Z1 v3 Sunsigned size; - }6 o5 W" _( o$ q) J7 Y$ G
int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; 5 J) u3 ~+ F1 Q' d4 I
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4; , N3 K) D8 c1 T, b: n N" d
yend = yincr; ? x8 Q; O. d3 O& J2 j
size = imagesize(0, ystart, maxx, yend); /* get byte size of image */ ) W0 s! ^* f+ h1 X3 H. K H7 S. T
for (block=0; block<=3; block++) & N+ }) ?6 e) p) p
{
4 k0 l( m+ O" \4 _* H& \if ((buf[block] = farmalloc(size)) == NULL)
& i6 K% w$ P8 K+ g4 G) i. e{ . Y. h& R& ]) b- C7 W
closegraph(); ! g3 V# S% [+ F# m# g: X; }
printf("Error: not enough heap space in save_screen().\n");
; I# v2 @% j2 k- bexit(1); ; O2 W' i1 y! }( s% L
} 9 N) e8 J- q' T: G
getimage(0, ystart, maxx, yend, buf[block]);
6 Q# P1 U+ t! |7 Q* P* q: Gystart = yend + 1;
; z. `8 N3 j1 q2 z8 A7 D6 |yend += yincr + 1;
+ G. S0 M& A# l) @2 k8 h}
7 F+ J7 [3 p# D$ B& i) h4 l/ B& ~} 
3 B- H, J8 `6 t* x$ z# {void restore_screen(void far *buf[4])
6 i# l( @: L7 o/ g: c5 [{
1 h6 j" X: X+ B. m9 Y: S- P. ?int ystart=0, yend, yincr, block; ! y7 X' E% M- f- V( g
yincr = (maxy+1) / 4;
1 b" w) w8 v- o$ Zyend = yincr; ( o' `: v' k. {
for (block=0; block<=3; block++)
5 c: [# b2 B- \, c& A* b4 V7 a6 a{
- b8 p1 i' c" V* Q4 e0 b0 bputimage(0, ystart, buf[block], COPY_PUT); ! ~; p6 v' ^: `1 j! b: J
farfree(buf[block]); . _3 p( z( E+ Y0 o$ b+ X
ystart = yend + 1;
# c5 g1 q2 o Q& tyend += yincr + 1;
9 }) d! {7 L% a! P6 ]" n}
8 J& c" V( d6 R; _. M2 X" I+ l9 c} 
 A7 D; V u( ^, Z7 f
0 [7 J. M# i" Z8 s; ], F& d6 M7 h% J) U+ z& m
函数名: getlinesettings ( e. [5 F9 i* P/ \, n
功能: 取当前线型、模式和宽度 , W$ _1 s, i: ?2 P' [
用法: void far getlinesettings(struct linesettingstype far *lininfo):
$ O& e+ s, s* o$ s$ J程序例: 
3 z! F7 M7 e0 I; v! l/ u1 i9 H, f#include <GRAPHICS.H>) A- t/ v% Q2 y
#include <STDLIB.H>
 j1 n, b) O7 T8 `#include <STDIO.H>
3 M- a/ A4 ?9 f Y& _2 _2 E' n#include <CONIO.H>- t6 l% S- v& p
/* the names of the line styles supported */
" h( w* w4 j, }5 S: a0 Bchar *lname[] = { "SOLID_LINE", , E' O% | ]7 | f
"DOTTED_LINE", 8 J1 ~4 O" r# Q
"CENTER_LINE", * f' F# M+ w2 d+ T( }# b! I
"DASHED_LINE", " n L2 h. C( e: a3 C, _; J7 u
"USERBIT_LINE" * [& k* b/ F/ T6 {- j2 \7 [) C# c
}; 1 Z4 z( ~# F" V8 D- b+ ]/ ^8 A# e y" r
int main(void) ' j5 l2 x( r/ f- H( F9 i
{ " k6 U1 M5 l3 n8 ]" I
/* request auto detection */
6 v5 e5 t3 w g% Oint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
" z; _" i& R3 I2 N9 Q) ]# Istruct linesettingstype lineinfo;
: [1 n d9 j- a4 F( ~int midx, midy; $ G3 J' w! c# X! \' R, F/ \; c
char lstyle[80], lpattern[80], lwidth[80]; % D/ |+ g" W2 ?& k, ?! n1 @& e2 ]0 w
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
' k! q, U* h) B7 [/ b; Z1 minitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
* M* q* j, i+ K) q+ v- q! b/* read result of initialization */
 E1 }9 N0 K G7 yerrorcode = graphresult(); " ^* C$ }, h& c
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
& f! r1 f% D9 K2 z{ % ~, W. L9 v" K- o0 n
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
. `# W, `: b- Rprintf("Press any key to halt:"); $ T. z+ F B0 K/ y* l
getch();
! d4 n; q& ]8 Eexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ! T' u: x0 d4 ~. y6 [. z
} 
' T( |5 q, A, G9 [midx = getmaxx() / 2;
+ E$ F+ T, Y7 \" k7 k2 M. |- _! omidy = getmaxy() / 2; / q( g& Z L; s: A5 e
/* get information about current line settings */ 4 o8 D. m! D# x% w7 V. n
getlinesettings(&lineinfo); 
' V4 G+ t2 R, t, M! L3 ?8 s- t6 r/* convert line information into strings */ ' W+ \) {# J! g
sprintf(lstyle, "%s is the line style.",
& C( ~) ^% {' j: Qlname[lineinfo.linestyle]);
9 U$ j$ @2 j7 \. @; ?sprintf(lpattern, "0x%X is the user-defined line pattern.", + e3 }/ q! V/ F5 @7 U7 `9 L
lineinfo.upattern);
5 l6 K" {' f' |4 i2 Ksprintf(lwidth, "%d is the line thickness.", 6 s/ k0 f0 e9 {5 v! u/ y( L
lineinfo.thickness); , L* i1 y0 ~$ j7 _, o& v4 Z* b
/* display the information */
5 \# C+ K6 J2 K1 m5 tsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 3 R* L6 z; q8 [+ [0 q f7 ?: F
outtextxy(midx, midy, lstyle); % |9 Y9 z# H4 Q% Y! K
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), lpattern); 7 l4 X0 |* M Q" z+ L
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*textheight("W"), lwidth); 
( [1 l$ l3 e2 k3 k& }/* clean up */
0 R( T8 c2 Z- j$ w$ N' ^getch(); 5 Z2 b. p5 J D* @6 S V
closegraph(); ; P7 V+ |0 n( {; F' x7 o
return 0;
9 L2 e6 s3 |, e) l} 
+ b) o1 }* Q* x9 o) V! _) C9 |8 l1 [/ h. c- u2 _1 U
- A( x' s9 c$ ^
函数名: getmaxcolor % B+ h9 D9 g5 ]' h- ~
功能: 返回可以传给函数setcolor的最大颜色值 ' U: V' T5 d5 a$ O1 z
用法: int far getmaxcolor(void);
# @9 H0 {& Z" w4 m9 _程序例: / U# e9 u$ `' _, V* J
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
7 H& E/ l1 o) a2 G#include <STDLIB.H>, ?7 r8 n7 p3 h4 u! s s& u
#include <STDIO.H>+ b8 j+ ^+ L9 X4 s9 m2 |
#include <CONIO.H>
# Z# b% P7 r2 ^, qint main(void)
 `1 _& x% ^3 A1 X{
, |7 s& y9 \( q9 A/ c/* request auto detection */ % d7 q; C- |0 U4 W( h: N$ N
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
" h2 q% A, P) v# \( fint midx, midy;
( ?; X, }* R8 schar colstr[80]; # E/ O- J3 Y0 s
/* initialize graphics and local variables - t7 L6 w2 p% `( m9 W! w U
*/ initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
! F" V6 H4 G9 x1 F+ Q5 ?/* read result of initialization */
8 V- z4 O5 K$ Perrorcode = graphresult(); 4 \3 P& n& U- s
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
3 |2 I& c8 |$ o' S* w% o* v{ . U! m" h4 u/ T; g6 ^
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 3 ]: O/ z9 |# o
printf("Press any key to halt:");
) s3 @: b2 a1 z: p- J- @getch(); 0 V8 b+ ?* b* u$ w0 n) @; w
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ % l8 H+ h: L& L
} ' k1 i! _3 R2 h/ A9 G
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 9 X: H$ E8 O8 M
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
6 s2 Q: q5 @4 ~: ?- a1 i5 |/* grab the color info. and convert it to a string */ * Y8 d P/ E6 ~- i- C
sprintf(colstr, "This mode supports colors 0..%d", getmaxcolor()); ' f+ m6 a( p4 S! A9 C
/* display the information */
; G2 o$ ?! b( |1 m$ tsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
5 w! k8 O$ ~& R) j1 Souttextxy(midx, midy, colstr); 
( u% b& G% e% ?2 b( D; i/* clean up */ * ]: v: \ G: a$ g0 T
getch();
# D4 i0 E3 [# S8 r' J* M7 m* [closegraph(); ! J" G9 B: K. c
return 0; / A0 k4 Z6 V( k8 v
} & @! f* I" B D$ m& o- [# O& N" n
# F6 @# s, ?5 I8 [/ e- {, \
. T8 K; h5 c# H$ l3 d+ t

/ M; \0 ^! @7 l; a- K- L函数名: getmaxx 8 z) h9 i3 H% J4 U7 {7 N; f7 |- b4 r
功能: 返回屏幕的最大x坐标
1 h/ r7 [4 a U' ` p3 O用法: int far getmaxx(void); ( d7 o$ i& o) k4 Y/ {! D
程序例: ; H% G+ C8 G/ _+ _* P# X
#include <GRAPHICS.H>8 ]; S0 L. G5 s. \" d4 d5 G1 i- g/ N
#include <STDLIB.H>
1 @; N. l3 e$ Q ?; x7 c) C#include <STDIO.H>0 ]2 k/ t5 Q" Y, Z! E& ]8 H
#include <CONIO.H>
, [0 S5 i. i' I7 oint main(void)
+ T, H3 V T" j{ $ @' c" V+ S% e1 O6 X7 U: A$ I
/* request auto detection */ : i! t( w8 v, ]' u
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ' O. {6 L; e7 |
int midx, midy;
0 c7 W% j- D" m) N& g. I8 dchar xrange[80], yrange[80]; 
. d* V0 G* R+ A% u) F J( n9 S4 s, v/* initialize graphics and local variables */
9 |: V- A5 n6 G: K) ^& S$ dinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
4 N4 P$ W! Q; Z6 o" a% h/* read result of initialization */
 N: n4 n+ e aerrorcode = graphresult();
' u$ ]8 }! @5 Q' |/ D; L- jif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
( U0 `; k2 B# n$ X* t{ $ D3 W6 k) w/ C% G* ], }
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
# `# m9 \) ^* U/ Mprintf("Press any key to halt:");
, o- s7 f0 y) B ?' o( ?3 @getch();
% V3 D% F: D% P3 K4 [) K0 K$ E' Qexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
0 v! j+ x: Y/ d) Y1 j. q, Y} ' R H2 N+ l/ i0 w( r8 G, }1 F
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
( _- ~( f5 a; i& Kmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 2 o6 n+ l" b: i; }( d6 S) u: w# M P1 O5 u
/* convert max resolution values into strings */
" N. J4 l: a$ Usprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx());
" a" r( n1 y/ K& y7 u7 K3 T9 z) Asprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); ! g" j. {( `+ H9 b5 I! `5 K
/* display the information */ " }# x2 y6 ~/ w' K$ T
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); ' e5 I* J3 `" ^" j
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange);
3 F% ~0 I t( F9 |+ ~) v8 douttextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); 
3 V: |8 | X! p9 Q* i. i/* clean up */
# B$ Q2 U! e7 ggetch(); 1 ?% Y3 T6 t' c) [2 @, d% G
closegraph();
& g5 G1 f" Y' f) greturn 0;
0 c' K* [/ O/ K} * M. L# J% T/ E! ^1 E
 _4 w0 U( j9 D( \% E/ p

 Y0 b$ R' ~0 ~: U- ^函数名: getmaxy 
5 Z4 C& N' r* M& f# x$ V( t1 N功能: 返回屏幕的最大y坐标 & A" r2 \# s, p: @9 s3 N
用法: int far getmaxy(void);
4 j6 x1 r( _- A( t9 l' F程序例: 
/ J5 Q' h( P7 r9 N7 J; U% _#include <GRAPHICS.H>2 f/ u4 h5 }1 s/ C# P- Q, g- I
#include <STDLIB.H>4 T3 ~8 a% d. K% v
#include <STDIO.H>
6 F; P' N( l9 T0 h, F. P#include <CONIO.H>
& o$ P! ~7 _: d2 b% n5 \% m1 wint main(void) ! @" ~# [ a5 U8 L( L9 m7 Q* C: J/ A, m
{
: z; Z0 Y2 p- _6 [' H0 @* s# ?/* request auto detection */
% R' j' h7 y7 A4 ^1 [& [int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
% b6 F& @# f) n" Z% R" ~% Fint midx, midy; ; P. G! a$ U6 }. h3 m
char xrange[80], yrange[80]; + A2 v; y, Q* D, e
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ # \ p- N: f$ x2 E0 s9 ]1 x" {* ^9 f
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
2 m/ u- d8 q. }( E7 Z: y/* read result of initialization */ % n1 B4 {; l. \6 }" C" }
errorcode = graphresult(); ; [; M5 F. a7 K
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 6 @$ `1 I# N# @- U& i
{
5 c- ~6 g4 s6 e; g) h+ s& q' Z$ E0 tprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
) L9 C: l( D8 @0 h9 x3 Sprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 0 J# ?" F2 b: n5 w t+ ?" B; f! S& H
getch();
! }8 b+ O3 K+ _- n7 L/ xexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ / `( ^ g( i3 R. G7 D- E8 J& H
} 
7 X) O( ~, ~, n8 d. Bmidx = getmaxx() / 2; , i1 a0 K, W3 d4 j" G7 t1 p* c
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 4 E9 {' A0 y- a9 j" m9 t
/* convert max resolution values into strings */ + P% u9 e; z( r- a. L3 J m; e* j
sprintf(xrange, "X values range from 0..%d", getmaxx());
& v, M. ^4 t1 {sprintf(yrange, "Y values range from 0..%d", getmaxy()); 
 G0 q% g- G2 P" @; v: ?' J/ N7 q$ L/* display the information */ 9 M& L/ U) s0 R" V
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); % y6 H- H0 b5 w Q, ]2 {2 n7 |
outtextxy(midx, midy, xrange); % [, ?7 A* w3 s: [8 D7 L; w. N
outtextxy(midx, midy+textheight("W"), yrange); 9 B: o8 [0 G, j3 ~# ^0 X
/* clean up */ 7 b/ K, Y# K7 C% v
getch(); 9 q( ?* K' b! s
closegraph();
/ b/ I2 i( H! ^) q0 l( mreturn 0;
( P* q/ F, {, \! q3 A! |1 ?} 6 j+ ^1 J8 u8 L! y: K
) z [9 K3 [5 R6 K) j/ s' F) V0 I8 S
函数名: getmodename 
- K+ `7 P3 K! x6 a; n功能: 返回含有指定图形模式名的字符串指针
! s# u+ w+ h \2 g用法: char *far getmodename(int mode_name);
4 ^" A1 P9 u5 V6 A8 D, B5 A" [程序例: / D- ^' t6 x6 V1 ^; j, P* V
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
2 H+ ]6 X! V& H: c7 }6 L#include <STDLIB.H>4 j4 f( \5 |0 w' a
#include <STDIO.H>
0 X9 a% s) ?/ B. A2 p#include <CONIO.H>6 n& V8 H$ w) f: P; _% T
int main(void)
3 J S1 M% b1 q{
& t% ]" n- q* K2 A$ G' e# x( @1 I/* request autodetection */
; Z/ t& ?$ ~. h! |7 `int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; , q& k# d$ `+ _. t
int midx, midy, mode;
: a( ?: H2 { g; hchar numname[80], modename[80]; 
2 U, D8 |& O! g, w( r/ ~/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 0 k; T* k/ j4 Y4 n: p9 h q
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); # x: `) Y, p, i% S8 a T5 x
/* read result of initialization */ 7 ^, Q) B3 x& Z+ F: L
errorcode = graphresult();
. u2 \' U3 S0 |$ O) Lif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * @; ], y4 |- E+ K
{ % r( M5 T D, ]' y5 ^. u
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
, D- R7 R9 @1 z2 \# cprintf("Press any key to halt:");
 Z, W- Z8 ^- b+ hgetch(); 3 ~/ B! h4 O8 d4 D
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ; u4 b# v# K7 j8 O2 K
} 
! o" c( }/ u) Z' D6 E7 Nmidx = getmaxx() / 2; 8 c/ K" ^- \5 r3 p. N' P y5 W: r
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 
' `- j" d8 N! { _1 F$ k3 |8 E* H/* get mode number and name strings */
8 G; ~8 b9 t. l& Z4 G/ h) Dmode = getgraphmode(); 9 o. s1 Z2 z1 J( `. t7 j3 i8 P
sprintf(numname, "%d is the current mode number.", mode);
. w# U2 H/ \& ~: g# {3 i! asprintf(modename, "%s is the current graphics mode.", getmodename(mode)); 
) \4 c/ O# i' F8 ^/* display the information */
: a W, O5 R$ x% Xsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
2 f# i4 p) W3 i) l6 Zouttextxy(midx, midy, numname);
: U& R" V, x* B# Pouttextxy(midx, midy+2*textheight("W"), modename); 
3 H3 U4 V& O0 K$ T; ^/ ~/* clean up */
! [$ t: K% l/ ]8 Mgetch();
' S5 W. z( }1 w1 d# Iclosegraph();
 W- W: G! f G1 ?return 0; 0 f4 H& N+ `# r. Y4 t9 r; P+ ^
} 
7 b0 W, V0 L6 d3 u0 P0 H E
6 X3 r0 w: [+ E7 `, C1 s, i
, r( m! o+ C5 R& d2 i函数名: getmoderange " q5 [& H5 d0 b* D
功能: 取给定图形驱动程序的模式范围
. ^) K f3 V7 v7 S; G用法: void far getmoderange(int graphdriver, int far *lomode,
, Z" o0 H2 S3 i9 kint far *himode); # a3 Q3 G4 i3 D) ?, N9 _% R
程序例: # {) t2 {) c9 o3 S
#include <GRAPHICS.H>+ [' B* q; \! W
#include <STDLIB.H>7 [: G. H6 m, ?8 r6 v2 q; s" f
#include <STDIO.H>- [' ~" O q' e* @
#include <CONIO.H>( j' R9 v' [# W( {5 j5 D# o& |
int main(void)
5 M- d. @" n5 z# P% \9 x5 F, ~{
) r, p9 t4 D6 l, h. N6 `& ?& Y/* request auto detection */
3 a+ X8 L! T; F/ W7 ~) W% k! tint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; # v" w O$ l, R! P+ _
int midx, midy; 6 M7 w3 G: D) n9 D0 \+ @
int low, high;
; B3 h0 g8 r1 C" l: |" _char mrange[80]; 
: s, ~/ p0 @, v2 [+ M$ C/* initialize graphics and local variables */ , d& p& ?) _: {" b: ~
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
+ w+ _( v% x* [9 I0 ~4 ]/* read result of initialization */ _- F j2 t$ X: ]+ F9 b- S
errorcode = graphresult();
2 _4 T% B2 `) X3 Zif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
$ r) s+ j9 ^- \) D$ U1 k{ 2 E a! |) W1 `
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
- u( i# ?/ U+ k; g) K; Aprintf("Press any key to halt:"); 3 O, g+ z2 f, I; m s4 q$ H
getch(); 8 ]4 p' V" I: f% r% d$ l
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ ( n7 z& ]5 C: s7 h( Q% y! f6 _- ^1 a- o
} ( R# m7 `. p% C% L/ R* e( U
midx = getmaxx() / 2;
 I8 v% ]1 W( ]6 O0 d5 omidy = getmaxy() / 2; + {6 g- V; d$ p8 P) b# M. n
/* get the mode range for this driver */ & N% _: D8 O2 j' F
getmoderange(gdriver, &low, &high); / L; \9 q7 n& R Y7 K$ o" P4 @
/* convert mode range info. into strings */ . l5 w8 B9 M- l; H( Z1 r N8 R9 ~- O
sprintf(mrange, "This driver supports modes %d..%d", low, high); 
3 E) q: e, b2 l/* display the information */
6 n+ Z, }+ h0 J! _, asettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 0 d$ m/ J( s3 [6 X% T5 g
outtextxy(midx, midy, mrange); 
% K% t, Q, Y! ?% D/* clean up */
+ }/ U8 t6 E% Z9 p0 Pgetch();
# g5 Y5 M% n. X7 w' Y" n! R) kclosegraph(); , x- P, f& C+ P6 m
return 0;
0 L8 n4 r1 m8 P# _7 y1 z' T}
! o5 J- s1 Q* ] p/ r, W1 ]. u! v: D8 [

: l$ p( ?; B( s) u# \' R函数名: getpalette # ?4 _4 I7 U5 F% b; Y
功能: 返回有关当前调色板的信息 6 B3 g8 N8 ~0 ?' D: ?$ \3 I% v
用法: void far getpalette(struct palettetype far *palette); ! ~& p& r" ]2 c* j
程序例: 
% y C: e6 I6 s+ Q: j#include <GRAPHICS.H> T3 ^/ z' k8 J! C
#include <STDLIB.H>, F" l9 G+ z% R) d
#include <STDIO.H>
. Q7 h3 |! m" Q# \4 G* }; Z#include <CONIO.H>
! ~! q, `( z, } `$ {7 b( |int main(void) * N- G- M- g4 R* Q8 y
{ 4 a% |. f3 C; Q( y" L9 C- \
/* request auto detection */ ( f4 S X6 H% _- V" ~
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; ) j. Z9 S1 e4 m# B
struct palettetype pal; 6 K& A" }, L7 g' t" {7 h
char psize[80], pval[20]; 8 Z+ `) f }7 P$ d* Q, N5 ~9 P z
int i, ht; 4 a H/ R% L. n' t% x$ L
int y = 10; 
% h6 E0 d+ p( G7 r$ R, f/ @. W/* initialize graphics and local variables */
. ^8 k2 j6 O% Jinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 7 Y( g L/ Y4 c6 G o
/* read result of initialization */ / U/ X) M' a! p+ f# W' Y5 s
errorcode = graphresult();
+ N& m- e; E/ x1 w( c; a4 P6 G/* an error occurred */ 1 o9 }+ ^6 z0 N9 o
if (errorcode != grOk) * ~* y$ h+ A. i& B4 A
{ 2 I+ x) N d2 y: Q' F$ T8 f
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
, {3 E+ I2 L" c; M6 Wgrapherrormsg(errorcode)); # L! O: ^. R8 ?
printf("Press any key to halt:");
* n1 ^9 y+ ^6 E* {getch();
5 K9 p9 b$ @ A" S! V( a9 Y/* terminate with an error code */ : {) o3 i, E: N
exit(1); 2 r+ f+ g5 x1 o3 e+ N. k
} 
2 \" z4 f% O! I; J' d/* grab a copy of the palette */ % E7 h# F \) P5 p
getpalette(&pal); 
( ?+ \ w' M8 n j( S8 y/* convert palette info. into strings */
9 _% w7 l) g6 v+ z6 ]sprintf(psize, "The palette has %d \
& o& O4 M- w0 T9 lmodifiable entries.", pal.size); 4 ~: `5 }& t$ Z! j2 e( u2 J% H
/* display the information */
% z0 Z2 v* |. R" R4 Youttextxy(0, y, psize);
4 ], M' p% e, k7 d( d# V# dif (pal.size != 0) ! }! Z1 I! U+ Y, O, L
{ 8 {- P5 D* h- i2 b' \- ^
ht = textheight("W"); * b$ W' _$ V8 w- P
y += 2*ht; - F; b3 M/ I! q2 K& {* O
outtextxy(0, y, "Here are the current \
* h; B- [6 \2 k2 H, ]! q( yvalues:");
* u5 ]& Y" `: qy += 2*ht; ; U% C. X' B! l9 z
for (i=0; i<PAL.SIZE; {
! J0 p9 T3 n& z; m1 Qsprintf(pval, & N Z' o' D& O9 f0 B$ Q) U4 L' J
"palette[%02d]: 0x%02X", i, 7 R' V/ ? Y* ~0 X
pal.colors); 6 R& a9 m. r- z: _: l" \
outtextxy(0, y, pval);
+ q: f& j5 G/ m' U}
: F7 F# B; M2 n, G0 O) M} 
# }3 Z. R) e1 z5 b* N/* clean up */ \& ^$ y, a9 L4 e: L k. z
getch();
( ^7 O& |6 l2 }7 l6 wclosegraph(); 
& i* X/ F2 t% t2 Vreturn 0;
% j- A$ F. f) X# q0 Y}
7 c2 O) o6 [4 ~$ X' d% z" M! b2 p; E% z& ^( ~! X" r
函数名: getpass , I E( C7 w2 I. V6 V& a
功能: 读一个口令 * E. q) P/ O- o$ |1 G+ S" o
用法: char *getpass(char *prompt);
' p4 p7 h1 ^0 s& t2 r# M' m* V程序例: 
& \4 {1 V% X+ }8 h7 ]& g#include <CONIO.H>
: D* e: \+ _/ `! |2 mint main(void) 3 a# Y. C/ W2 c
{
3 v1 p1 i. R+ R5 ?6 N& ychar *password; 
6 T5 L8 F! [- bpassword = getpass("Input a password:");
# z+ H+ M' D& z; e+ dcprintf("The password is: %s\r\n",
: |5 W* ~" ~4 a$ ]# t8 N, d6 mpassword);
0 D+ T% g) U6 @6 L% o4 }return 0;
: l. c$ o H; C5 f& }2 S+ `}
7 ]. v6 a+ y. j: k( i0 i: E, ]4 q5 r' @7 `. N/ K
' L! m0 e, S) _& t
$ D( q/ U# M4 U5 `5 E) P p: \, x
函数名: getpixel & y' q% G& `! n2 S3 A. G( z( y
功能: 取得指定像素的颜色 8 D) u2 p. H5 h' V
用法: int far getpixel(int x, int y); : j- Q+ i; ?: B$ @ E+ Y! I
程序例: ' x" A; {* Z1 Z( {& `( d2 n
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
# i1 m6 {7 F2 p- I5 X/ R. I#include <STDLIB.H>
0 b& ?6 p+ \4 g4 g. t#include <STDIO.H>2 I5 @$ Z9 v( d
#include <CONIO.H>
4 l( V/ A$ j" ]2 \1 C; I0 l6 P#include <DOS.H>: ? k2 Y; _' m5 l
#define PIXEL_COUNT 1000
" R# ?7 M) k) x3 E# A4 n: t* S#define DELAY_TIME 100 /* in milliseconds */ / I. k+ Q& ]8 I. W8 m
int main(void)
+ J$ f5 c8 K; [. ~{ : m. Q* s5 c5 ?- Y( \
/* request auto detection */ + q. D- y+ y6 q& |: Z
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
9 ]8 A( |( W( xint i, x, y, color, maxx, maxy,
: z4 F$ ` F$ p+ Y, Tmaxcolor, seed; ' @2 D+ d% C- c5 M- l" ?
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
# b+ x; e( ^- {: k6 m* Pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
% \& |7 C5 \. `5 p* a& S- `( D% `/* read result of initialization */ ) g0 I, i# W( k
errorcode = graphresult();
, c. Y7 }: o: C$ b. [7 D/* an error occurred */
8 c* T2 ^, {$ ~0 ~/ w9 Pif (errorcode != grOk)
, U2 l- y* c$ I6 N$ I{ % v' @& n4 z" l' ]$ O) l6 l
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", - U, V3 |# Y1 I. H) T7 T4 u5 u$ D
grapherrormsg(errorcode)); ) [* _+ [! U: N, f4 F- ~( x
printf("Press any key to halt:");
- J( c8 g$ w4 n Igetch();
& k, D6 U {9 s# H% @: A/* terminate with an error code */ . k1 N9 t, U+ y$ J
exit(1); a5 c( x' X5 E
} 
, w) b2 [8 S- Z2 ~# J; `5 Nmaxx = getmaxx() + 1;
& I6 r4 {( ? H, s f# Gmaxy = getmaxy() + 1;
6 n% ?# N# c# [9 Emaxcolor = getmaxcolor() + 1; 4 K" V8 o3 P" y. D+ X* n! {7 m
while (!kbhit())
$ B- L$ a$ B4 j. y- a{
2 x9 f2 b2 R* N# l& J& t/ b# U/* seed the random number generator */ ) \. p8 W" J$ p& x& x6 l# H% B
seed = random(32767); 9 V4 _, t5 V) I2 v5 G+ @* u& Y
srand(seed);
7 E7 N9 v* u5 L% w6 ^for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; {
7 X4 b g0 `7 v2 Mx = random(maxx);
, I. a& w% p0 f3 s/ Z1 {6 [( w* a9 Cy = random(maxy); 6 p4 f. [: t' @ j
color = random(maxcolor); 7 D( o* a1 `1 l8 s d
putpixel(x, y, color);
* g% {* v% |1 l6 @) T+ U6 L' d7 t} . G: Y, A9 C! o8 R: s k1 E
delay(DELAY_TIME);
" _" Y. Z$ a" c* g+ V/ ]srand(seed); % Y3 }5 ?- H3 {1 L, p% Y
for (i=0; i<PIXEL_COUNT; { 8 u' R& S+ K3 M- z6 Z
x = random(maxx);
! S( r$ U5 E* V9 ey = random(maxy);
& ~7 p+ G% O. ?+ K0 Y S5 jcolor = random(maxcolor); 1 l( U% C' A$ G! _) z- `6 d6 R
if (color == getpixel) 
7 H+ j" O* o3 `" M函数名: gets
; x6 [7 {/ f3 z5 \2 O功能: 从流中取一字符串 / ?8 G' N) e( A3 d' Z
用法: char *gets(char *string); - S5 L* }. S& ~& |
程序例: 9 S- u( b/ a0 ? y/ V: l
#include <STDIO.H>+ z# h& K- r0 O2 C$ z
int main(void)
2 R* ~' F( q4 ~2 p: E{
2 h3 a' c9 q2 P& w, |char string[80]; 
6 d5 S+ s: s: lprintf("Input a string:"); ( z" H$ {. _ R- \$ I% x1 I3 b c
gets(string);
0 Y J; q- a/ N S/ d2 gprintf("The string input was: %s\n",
. k) U9 P' v8 t4 Z8 M2 v; Estring);
- k' s( E+ G6 M# Freturn 0; : W, `' @% ]" o. m' f
} ( ?& c5 i" J5 e, x `, ]
7 x2 Y4 ?2 e3 U9 w M: t7 p
2 |4 o0 Q# [7 T8 C
函数名: gettext 6 [* i! E( H% V: g- O; O
功能: 将文本方式屏幕上的文本拷贝到存储区 3 K$ c- v$ k l
用法: int gettext(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, void *destin);
 V2 q K( C. n. M; O程序例: " f, N. Y/ e+ v! Y
#include <CONIO.H>
; Y4 ` q0 _9 B, F/ Hchar buffer[4096]; 
" r! c H" N1 ]) J2 ?" _ |; i! ~int main(void)
& G. M4 R) H: L. p6 ]6 A{
/ f, t* f; ] iint i; # E' m$ Q9 g, b1 d |% v: D: f3 r
clrscr(); , z+ O$ n, Z4 X+ v
for (i = 0; i <= 20; i++) , u) W1 K6 o2 H8 R$ d
cprintf("Line #%d\r\n", i);
) _' z! S: l3 \7 @: I$ g. C; H5 Egettext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer);
8 @) }! i, D7 {) T3 ^/ v) [% U( Qgotoxy(1, 25); ( y5 v1 r1 \& ^, Q
cprintf("Press any key to clear screen...");
% p- Q0 {$ I* e% O hgetch();
' C: _# k9 j- E q& u) }clrscr(); ' K1 c1 H- ~9 l7 |( N$ h* }
gotoxy(1, 25);
: `% B) ~) I: S# X: e4 r: J3 `cprintf("Press any key to restore screen..."); - J* f& Q. K! f; F7 `7 K4 {
getch();
! f7 B+ L" m5 j7 h8 Eputtext(1, 1, 80, 25, buffer); 1 V9 B( Q! |8 f, \8 W0 @
gotoxy(1, 25); * |( |3 Q, W) g$ L, e0 _
cprintf("Press any key to quit..."); : b) X2 Y, @7 c% i2 z& h9 N& D
getch();
( z6 b8 s% ] s% H2 e5 D3 j# Breturn 0; : I# E9 ? k) }0 C
} I: ^/ @4 u% p2 m

! l3 E7 A3 _ ^2 N {6 w2 i7 t/ W: ^/ F6 S i1 z$ |" P
函数名: gettextinfo , F8 a- S5 k$ m
功能: 取得文本模式的显示信息 $ J6 Q2 U6 y# v/ _1 ?$ K# S; k" y
用法: void gettextinfo(struct text_info *inforec);
1 g! N$ ~9 D5 \& o程序例: 
- m8 z: ~- e: L4 i#include <CONIO.H>5 B8 u; ~7 N5 E' o
int main(void) ) ?* H! c% Q! A* w* O: ?$ F
{
5 r- ~5 _% ? l) D. Gstruct text_info ti; 3 C: P8 ` N& \8 M6 _* I
gettextinfo(&ti);
2 e n3 A4 g3 J! h% l% P' B$ K4 Ocprintf("window left %2d\r\n",ti.winleft); * R1 g0 C$ d% c/ }5 @' {
cprintf("window top %2d\r\n",ti.wintop);
0 V2 g* G) R: d4 l% L3 K/ j. n bcprintf("window right %2d\r\n",ti.winright); * m7 P# S2 l( [" n1 j" c$ T- t
cprintf("window bottom %2d\r\n",ti.winbottom); 9 X) {1 q$ {) f( h& m- |- O
cprintf("attribute %2d\r\n",ti.attribute);
* U1 @& `( a, ?& s) z" Lcprintf("normal attribute %2d\r\n",ti.normattr);
( H4 J0 b; V% J0 m8 E: R' \cprintf("current mode %2d\r\n",ti.currmode);
% k" a7 A; \+ e( X5 ~+ ecprintf("screen height %2d\r\n",ti.screenheight); 4 G+ O. r- w# p& n2 W
cprintf("screen width %2d\r\n",ti.screenwidth);
1 n6 {8 G) u' K8 {& ]& v3 ~cprintf("current x %2d\r\n",ti.curx);
+ V0 [( {4 q3 D e* _cprintf("current y %2d\r\n",ti.cury); ! j$ K9 C4 m1 d6 [) T
return 0;
* D/ V7 Y( u& U' o, E} 8 x; E, ?; n- J: b; a
 u: r- W. D* M/ K# G5 F/ {

/ ]6 \! h9 B7 E2 x+ f, _. I4 [函数名: gettextsettings 1 N" O. m; ]7 }3 @9 j% C5 |
功能: 返回有关当前图形文本字体的信息
- o5 K4 b, [$ L$ x用法: void far gettextsettings(struct textsettingstype far *textinfo);
5 A z3 j. m5 h6 S! f6 e% z程序例: 
) y0 s9 A' A8 Y. N9 A) D#include <GRAPHICS.H>
$ n" A% O/ k8 V2 @1 m* `: w#include <STDLIB.H>
7 L0 D6 O! T( @1 J4 m#include <STDIO.H>
) X: i& }6 \6 G. X/ ~$ T7 `#include <CONIO.H>: s7 \( b' ~& \/ [ O( i
/* the names of the fonts supported */
' k3 |, t' f; U, C- achar *font[] = { "DEFAULT_FONT", $ \9 d/ H+ z! y/ }
"TRIPLEX_FONT", " Z! k( x, Y. ], ~5 G% P# Z
"SMALL_FONT", 6 N0 V: b1 Y' ]% V" G) }2 q
"SANS_SERIF_FONT", 3 I( Q# g1 K' ?. H
"GOTHIC_FONT" 2 F+ j9 U7 c2 |1 k: V* R+ L
}; 
1 |( F1 o! g2 |7 e1 F s4 z* @/* the names of the text directions supported */
8 @; N; A+ ^) B4 q6 dchar *dir[] = { "HORIZ_DIR", "VERT_DIR" }; 
$ I0 ]7 T# K4 X+ T2 [1 S: o/* horizontal text justifications supported */ # L( @7 E7 D- N$ y+ ~; m
char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "RIGHT_TEXT" }; 
( Y* u2 P6 y3 P* ^' w/* vertical text justifications supported */ 6 U8 d+ D: A+ G, y- _1 ~+ \
char *vjust[] = { "BOTTOM_TEXT", "CENTER_TEXT", "TOP_TEXT" }; 
% b5 e: @. }/ A, ~) {, Fint main(void) ; [# @7 |- L7 l- q! T
{
2 m' a, D' I6 v/ r4 }. y/* request auto detection */
+ u1 o$ E- a1 D( y8 J- gint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
# |. O+ r# {" w+ m1 Rstruct textsettingstype textinfo; ! w. a2 P. h- u0 ~( C; v& a
int midx, midy, ht;
' n4 Z8 e8 ` ?# {% e* o( I4 ichar fontstr[80], dirstr[80], sizestr[80];
/ \. _6 k M# d3 ?- p# A/ ?" C) Zchar hjuststr[80], vjuststr[80]; 0 M8 l( O' ^7 [0 }2 S- j. b+ c+ T( N, [
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
6 y! A- e8 Y8 m3 k2 j8 @initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
( F4 m# S; d, m: w1 b& ]8 Q/* read result of initialization */ ( U( R( X, g) o/ V# p) D
errorcode = graphresult();
! r$ h2 V0 }5 S! Kif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ + W x+ g3 Y7 E! W% A+ Z1 A
{
2 k+ { k( a6 C+ O8 Cprintf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); $ y# V4 d( z8 J
printf("Press any key to halt:");
) s- l. u; u: N2 C Z8 g6 Ogetch(); 1 J5 w/ ]# a( Y2 p" f+ l
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 9 G) T5 L' N: W; P
} 
% h5 D1 q/ x5 N1 bmidx = getmaxx() / 2; . G* Q7 V! `) m# B: L
midy = getmaxy() / 2; ) R! Q1 Z! ?" ?' J5 N( n! U
/* get information about current text settings */ 9 y3 n. {2 _8 k8 F
gettextsettings(&textinfo); # E; ^$ z4 |; o- {2 ]0 v S3 [! G
/* convert text information into strings */ # P. h9 S: t" ^4 w( ~) T ?2 T- H
sprintf(fontstr, "%s is the text style.", font[textinfo.font]);
% }* ^; s6 t; Z8 ?/ N2 G# Nsprintf(dirstr, "%s is the text direction.", dir[textinfo.direction]);
+ z6 m( Y# m; b/ psprintf(sizestr, "%d is the text size.", textinfo.charsize); + R, t4 z$ X3 ^, ~$ V
sprintf(hjuststr, "%s is the horizontal justification.",
0 d4 E6 `; m% I/ E& g: zhjust[textinfo.horiz]);
& X1 [ x8 H0 F# d+ @& W: l+ M5 W' Nsprintf(vjuststr, "%s is the vertical justification.", / N/ }- |$ u4 b9 L, \* S$ L! j( P
vjust[textinfo.vert]); 
0 q/ g# m0 h5 P+ p$ n1 W/* display the information */
2 |2 v4 U2 }) G4 D* J( [ht = textheight("W"); / K$ G1 H- q: \, T
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 8 ?/ ]/ g5 `. Z
outtextxy(midx, midy, fontstr); 0 [5 a* h% w/ r. T7 _! G
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, dirstr);
# }/ Y6 P6 g$ ?6 U" Xouttextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, sizestr); / v; H( K+ z) B3 M! f
outtextxy(midx, midy+6*ht, hjuststr);
+ j6 l: O3 `. ~1 h" r! c* K C$ Touttextxy(midx, midy+8*ht, vjuststr); . I0 Q& t. f) j* J ~+ R
/* clean up */ - D0 l q8 V' h& g
getch(); " \/ @0 G, p& t6 q8 w! @* j
closegraph();
7 g0 ^2 m2 t' F" B& G/ @! T3 dreturn 0;
4 U h0 X; n3 n- m# m7 Z3 K} / R) p* s; F9 C
* ^- ]" |; P: o2 m: x' l, }1 @
函数名: gettime 
" z* d" z- Y: c功能: 取得系统时间 7 E: Q% x3 g- y
用法: void gettime(struct time *timep); 7 H# D# B/ t/ s t. l2 q' o. f! L
程序例: + l4 |) q$ x! F$ b
#include <STDIO.H>
' O/ [6 |; p( m/ ^#include <DOS.H>8 Y$ t+ z4 d, K& z" [0 j
int main(void) 8 R6 F1 b: I0 C/ S6 v
{
6 i5 {% h E& e9 b0 d! V- f ]struct time t; 
* N5 I. d* S% P0 ?, s/ b- j0 w- ygettime(&t); + S9 c) @8 D K9 M# U
printf("The current time is: %2d:%02d:%02d.%02d\n", $ T( P3 m6 n c. k8 ^( s
t.ti_hour, t.ti_min, t.ti_sec, t.ti_hund);
9 k7 C& s6 t* O. \$ b6 ereturn 0;
0 w( B: w$ ]6 S% @3 u} 6 O0 c6 j- z( t! _1 E" e# H

 [* `: W/ q4 F( |" L( W5 B. j
- d& ?( A5 r. t, p: ^% | ]! b4 Z% `
函数名: getvect 
+ ^& ?) j, ?% C功能: 取得中断向量入口
1 G: w! ]1 z; n+ t0 C9 n, d用法: void interrupt(*getvect(int intr_num)); 3 Y1 g$ c, P9 X! T* Z- l
程序例: & C) C: C% Z: Y$ S
#include <STDIO.H>
9 O+ n1 h' K+ Q4 D#include <DOS.H>' p9 { q; z- Z* S4 ]/ R3 S
void interrupt get_out(); /* interrupt prototype */ ! K& W! w0 n0 w2 } a( y4 c# E
void interrupt (*oldfunc)(); /* interrupt function pointer */ % E6 _8 {/ o/ @+ x! x" C7 s
int looping = 1; 
- n! K% Z. F9 t( v2 ?" Vint main(void)
/ s. @" ?2 B, d{
' p/ q: |6 k T% d; xputs("Press <SHIFT><PRT Sc>to terminate"); + \; J5 z0 t& W0 d" Y, H5 F0 H( t
/* save the old interrupt */ ! E9 S2 K- J" ^$ B5 I9 R5 [
oldfunc = getvect(5); 
6 v: u* e8 v8 z- U* Y$ G" u/* install interrupt handler */ . t! K' ]9 e. N- t% q
setvect(5,get_out); 
1 s2 R$ d2 B2 E: _/* do nothing */
: n1 J6 b" S0 ?. F( N$ r7 ewhile (looping); D5 v* L1 B5 W1 l6 G
/* restore to original interrupt routine */
; _8 J' ?: p% E" x# D: e3 P7 o: Lsetvect(5,oldfunc); " E+ D6 B1 T* u, `6 x1 @( o
puts("Success");
2 u _) q- P& N' I: U" C# zreturn 0;
 s5 ^1 K0 ?5 o4 W- X% \} : M, T' U5 M# C+ K5 E7 ~
void interrupt get_out() 8 e& Y: p. B" s. ]9 ^* ~7 j
{ ; Z$ p, X6 `% x. f- X4 l
looping = 0; /* change global variable to get out of loop */ ' \. u/ b9 K# x# D, @2 E+ L
} ! j" L( |! R0 u* ], }
" k2 _2 N; @1 p
' t1 r7 a% |& T9 A+ k# G
函数名: getverify " `# {. s& _# B4 U0 N
功能: 返回DOS校验标志状态
7 C& |) G: G7 w d% p( c& j用法: int getverify(void);
$ ^6 p R7 U( g" Z- r% m程序例: 2 C$ D/ c; O( S+ }- [$ L9 `1 ?
#include <STDIO.H>
$ {8 o4 r9 v: g9 X, r#include <DOS.H>. x; |( c' d! f$ Q. k2 ~
int main(void) 8 k4 G! e5 K9 k" t8 b6 M, w
{ ! Y) `2 r! h' P9 S, A' Z7 b
if (getverify()) 5 q9 H3 T9 W+ N X+ u
printf("DOS verify flag is on\n");
3 m t0 Q* E# T. N: Gelse ( i, ? f% G% G: U7 ]2 B- V" {) \
printf("DOS verify flag is off\n"); 8 i G: J% ]! g7 l7 g
return 0; 2 n( R2 [+ p6 I# {
} ! Q+ u9 ]: H/ t: Q) P( a

5 B; B& [2 t- I2 T( A1 l函数名: getviewsetting 
1 m B+ r9 E7 U6 P9 |功能: 返回有关当前视区的信息 5 G6 I# w6 t! S* @ ^- ^8 y. e. P0 q
用法: void far getviewsettings(struct viewporttype far *viewport);
 c7 q$ x" y6 U! F: ~2 F3 w程序例: 
* F- |4 B) E( p% Q5 m: }2 V#include <GRAPHICS.H>
2 F- V2 x" U( g ?8 g$ U#include <STDLIB.H>% _* m3 o2 t: v+ g7 i+ F, k) f
#include <STDIO.H>
: N2 g- R' s5 r/ |2 T7 o#include <CONIO.H>% y, [9 S! M2 Z2 \
char *clip[] = { "OFF", "ON" }; + }! Q5 ` z/ ^7 F. e4 @
int main(void)
8 M; B, P: v9 P$ W7 ~. G3 g5 }{ . J- R( b* k9 _% ]. `
/* request auto detection */
1 ^0 v1 B h) F7 Sint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 8 L$ j0 J x1 g% G
struct viewporttype viewinfo; ( ]2 V& c l' O+ i
int midx, midy, ht;
' N7 ~) [, _. T/ Z0 G$ F) Q9 bchar topstr[80], botstr[80], clipstr[80]; 
! `1 R% w% n9 [ w* }7 l/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 3 D6 Y' ?4 f/ v6 Q- D$ n9 O K& c
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); * C* s. {: L( [0 Q0 S- S) f
/* read result of initialization */
+ q, c |* m/ Aerrorcode = graphresult();
9 N5 F- I! H5 q* nif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
3 ^* V2 B3 k1 o/ v1 E( |{
4 H+ M. B2 D6 v O% K; R5 @printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
1 z3 ?" _. J' e0 K) o' P5 c- Vprintf("Press any key to halt:"); # R2 r2 @4 I8 K% i) K1 i) e
getch();
# c; s: \% q6 P1 ?exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
( F) w8 t1 n4 E# p" G} 4 c1 J9 Y4 s& C6 R4 w* Y
midx = getmaxx() / 2; 9 S8 i1 ~2 o2 J7 k' I% t! R1 |2 @
midy = getmaxy() / 2; . j8 p2 J9 F: j) N& H- A0 K! J7 s
/* get information about current viewport */
% w+ d9 {7 p; F) W' Q! D6 Vgetviewsettings(&viewinfo); 7 W" p3 \$ Z! W) V1 D
/* convert text information into strings */
( g# w* W4 `' t& L+ }! T5 Qsprintf(topstr, "(%d, %d) is the upper left viewport corner.", - V% Y& h9 D- b% y
viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top);
, T5 d# T5 p+ ]% bsprintf(botstr, "(%d, %d) is the lower right viewport corner.", / {5 }2 p3 V4 |* x0 T8 M
viewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom); * h# {: [. q/ [" L- c
sprintf(clipstr, "Clipping is turned %s.", clip[viewinfo.clip]); 
* S+ X9 W) L+ s) H/* display the information */
& q& [, g9 A8 osettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
6 E h# e3 W/ Y6 q( mht = textheight("W");
, b( e9 l/ X3 k( m+ e2 D3 K. qouttextxy(midx, midy, topstr); : i0 ~( i0 f+ }" ^$ G% v: V; L7 r
outtextxy(midx, midy+2*ht, botstr); , |. @ u. ^5 C
outtextxy(midx, midy+4*ht, clipstr); 
( s' o/ p5 K2 u ], Q/* clean up */
+ m5 b4 R& S1 Q% P! c, k1 Jgetch(); " o- l% Y/ N; R1 s* P. S+ V
closegraph();
9 k j2 N2 @2 Y) g5 b! vreturn 0;
1 Z* }" ^* D4 {/ p# j} 
2 F- ^% A, U1 R6 o
9 T2 c! p7 I& i! S, l4 P
3 a& G0 p" K3 Z4 S$ T4 U9 ^函数名: getw 
# I- ~: h$ {1 L& ^% L9 K功能: 从流中取一整数 ! `( U* v9 K+ H* P/ x
用法: int getw(FILE *strem); 2 B: K9 X* z4 o! P/ [3 ?
程序例: 
6 R) |5 Q9 D0 _; X! J#include <STDIO.H>
# ^ U# J# z! e G3 d#include <STDLIB.H>! k" U, w9 B% [+ c$ R0 G; y
#define FNAME "test.$$$" ' l+ }# S6 `, Q2 S3 B7 n
int main(void) . u$ G. c* J% }- \0 A
{ 0 U& W1 m8 b! r( u& [
FILE *fp;
3 O% [+ ]7 k; D3 R4 O/ ~int word; 4 ^2 N4 D# s0 G1 u
/* place the word in a file */ 5 f$ S# r1 F- Y2 @# ]6 _: \
fp = fopen(FNAME, "wb");
8 ?3 ?2 R$ H- wif (fp == NULL) , t4 G7 Q% e3 c- g& N
{ 8 f/ t" ]" a! f
printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME); . U. Z' b Q$ {6 f
exit(1);
% o, S* M& W1 ?, d, K/ S2 s9 i. u} 4 n: O# G/ b3 K' t( D
word = 94;
$ Q3 m/ b ]' C9 Bputw(word,fp); * W- r: z1 U L I
if (ferror(fp)) - {' a1 H7 m/ p. C
printf("Error writing to file\n");
3 r7 w! q! [2 p- B0 |( X' ]" nelse 9 }$ e D2 }" F$ }0 I9 a
printf("Successful write\n");
6 t& K( m H1 T' ~1 I7 lfclose(fp); 
! E, ~: ^. O% W) c. G9 C# ]4 G/* reopen the file */
" s5 r9 B% k. w4 A5 p( |' R) dfp = fopen(FNAME, "rb");
% y5 D8 k( n E( V; wif (fp == NULL)
0 {' J# i" ]2 S+ F5 B- ]& G( G- v{ . U7 ?4 ?$ ~ \1 T/ v/ D# b5 J6 l
printf("Error opening file %s\n", FNAME);
8 Q7 y b) N# y9 O# M: N9 x& Iexit(1); 4 q- c, X& l- s$ [
} 
. N0 ^% D; Y" H/ e: t/* extract the word */
$ t W2 s! y, r7 b- M9 \word = getw(fp); 2 q$ W; h0 v, c+ o# C3 _# p% l" r& K
if (ferror(fp)) 8 B- C+ ?1 _$ W& C
printf("Error reading file\n"); 3 t. |% Z+ P* K, e' I+ P
else " c6 O2 {. r: E9 G! C( ]
printf("Successful read: word = %d\n", word); 2 m& x8 G* o% T
/* clean up */ ! R9 O2 h' ~5 t$ T3 n/ H8 u
fclose(fp); 9 w. D# k- m. _
unlink(FNAME); . P0 |0 S( ]' C. s* u) \
return 0; 6 I; K& H8 o. V
} 
2 M' n/ e9 n( h$ G, B7 W+ y+ N$ |* g+ V8 j! n
3 E7 G) U" x4 L- H' J
: Q- z, W' c. G) y5 b
函数名: getx 
& ] c' _; E y- d: ]! b功能: 返回当前图形位置的x坐标
$ R$ C2 {5 y5 g' P7 M$ \% Q! a用法: int far getx(void); , Y# n" Y) U8 h8 l' u
程序例: 2 v: I# b1 s% U
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
: ~0 m6 Y# a, T, G, q* N4 g3 H#include <STDLIB.H>. p" B4 E) {5 m6 B
#include <STDIO.H>
- j2 W2 a( { p, l. C. s, C#include <CONIO.H>$ x% g- q1 `7 e: H; c& h% o
int main(void) ! @3 P9 M: M' I, y. |+ H
{
. P! u' w( T! R) b0 L/* request auto detection */
/ K# A5 d0 n+ i- o1 x X/ h" X eint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
2 b) d" @7 z# }char msg[80]; 7 k: B1 o J4 N {: W
/* initialize graphics and local variables */
- ~8 u0 Q Q: a5 Iinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 0 Z; l; x/ R5 m- c# K f
/* read result of initialization */ & Z! i* u( k4 o Q" w
errorcode = graphresult(); 2 L; z- a3 c4 P' B
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ * v9 O) s$ b, b8 E
{ 8 K. t6 m) e5 V- Y: s
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 9 E; v2 g- K6 ]8 h# J5 K
printf("Press any key to halt:");
+ B" I0 I: c- V9 U3 egetch(); " F+ u; P- m0 ^( K( |
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
5 M; z5 c, }3 ^$ C} 
! a5 {% \$ v. ^/* move to the screen center point */ / h- }5 v7 A' o+ A' O/ T
moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); * _+ |9 ]2 s+ m7 } Q2 e, N
/* create a message string */ 9 Y8 m# E) s3 r% p
sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 9 u9 J/ Z0 `# Y
/* display the message */ T, |2 @0 s9 ]6 C a( s+ q9 U7 v8 `
outtext(msg); 
* G$ r- W% P; I* _/* clean up */ 1 i+ ^- a# D7 J; O2 Y
getch();
) N9 ~0 V/ y- D' p" @- dclosegraph();
. Z' D/ }- e/ }# a/ ^* `return 0;
; u+ } w# l* K; v' f! r6 A} 
! n8 ^+ b/ o6 Q# S3 I0 l* s4 z& O
% O4 C- a: N, j: D f3 s4 m* Y( E" R2 M+ N2 X1 w; @7 f
函数名: gety # ^4 U* |# p1 p6 u- g
功能: 返回当前图形位置的y坐标 % @# G% X9 h% W
用法: int far gety(void);
% v: R) p; k, U程序例: ) f+ |) R9 \; I _0 k
#include <GRAPHICS.H>2 B: \9 M6 g. E7 \. L
#include <STDLIB.H>
1 p# x& N2 D5 ?6 a, {6 }8 _9 C. R#include <STDIO.H>! D# M+ w" }2 ~* \1 G1 q
#include <CONIO.H>( V) t- ^% F9 i) n9 x& P
int main(void)
9 d% Z) X: N7 t4 {( @) Z+ k{ - k! r/ D c# S2 E2 K/ \/ q {
/* request auto detection */
( e' @( d$ \/ Y0 j! S6 ~1 Nint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 2 u" V Z. N0 P) o2 O) G7 H" G4 G0 p j
char msg[80]; 
- `# P. M3 o8 a Z/* initialize graphics and local variables */
; D3 j/ F) [7 k Pinitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
7 @6 J. a |) i- ]/* read result of initialization */
4 q. j# I- ~4 b( Ferrorcode = graphresult();
1 G0 L$ ?& l/ o6 o- s* Y$ Kif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
. S# e5 e$ c; s# Z3 A5 A% {{
$ u6 {4 ~3 w# K, z/ z: F9 ^! [printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
7 d5 C9 a' Z4 F# J: t% q8 tprintf("Press any key to halt:"); ) Z3 D* T$ y* U! J3 P3 g: \7 t7 m. Z
getch();
4 f4 q7 C" t6 t8 i' e; O/ {& wexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 5 n- j9 a. g2 S2 v( F& V* Y
} 
6 d. U& h- X5 g1 F( F! G/* move to the screen center point */ 9 V* G2 D5 h' t! y
moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); # j M( Y7 Y$ F3 f; T! y6 H
/* create a message string */ " b& K1 X3 q, W' O' e
sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 1 F1 `* m. _& S3 W4 y! j; I
/* display the message */
/ L8 [# d! D8 J' w+ Souttext(msg); 
# N5 X* z3 q/ h3 E0 ]/* clean up */ 8 b9 \8 A' ^7 J' V
getch(); + b( `. C1 g2 o) W
closegraph(); 7 G) d, j5 _6 v# B/ r! E
return 0; 0 o* D- e" M" L% J1 Q6 |- c
} 
! ?5 B J& m( K# G6 G
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函数名: gmtime 6 ^' E7 o5 b$ j/ k5 Y( r& ]/ O
功能: 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT)
1 Q! M# O6 l: g5 T8 K* u用法: struct tm *gmtime(long *clock); % W5 c) u/ K7 c7 i. _" Q
程序例: 
. S, c \: u: Z#include <STDIO.H>
, u' q* w* y# @+ Q5 c5 j#include <STDLIB.H> H8 @8 Y% t' `$ U
#include <TIME.H>% r% }: B' f6 p4 [5 s, e
#include <DOS.H>& [& a# O3 T+ v
/* Pacific Standard Time & Daylight Savings */ 6 o; N' ]% ^/ e
char *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT"; 
9 V6 R" V4 Z. M4 b5 _int main(void)
7 b" n% ] h- m o/ b- S, b4 R% z{
! W7 Y/ B( ~) E2 X* v. _' V6 Z. \time_t t; * y* \6 p8 K; g: {3 V
struct tm *gmt, *area; ' E% u3 m8 g( \0 ]9 H. e& Q6 \
putenv(tzstr); + T3 \; n; C5 E0 j: y0 a1 K
tzset(); : D% K( _" i, H* @5 @
t = time(NULL); 7 \' [- f! V/ ]' b" }5 n
area = localtime(&t);
: E. C- r# u, p- m) q! Aprintf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); & `* P: S+ c. F- F
gmt = gmtime(&t);
5 C2 X3 O$ |+ n. n9 s, i$ M. _* D4 {printf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt)); 2 ~4 } P+ S9 \/ I' V
return 0; * U5 s5 q$ i2 X2 \3 l$ I
} 
! T) |3 A3 q X8 `; Y5 y" ^4 l
9 y5 z( ~4 j+ O8 @" \; P2 x% c. p u$ r
函数名: gotoxy * i- R7 ?( Z" o# L1 k
功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
& A) i+ V* d3 j* R6 W用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y); ' E0 I5 f; z* c8 |; z7 r! q& x
程序例: 4 h) o4 S d* G
#include <CONIO.H>
$ _6 o2 i' T2 e, i* gint main(void) ! E2 F. ]! V4 b$ W
{ ) Q6 w$ {: ^: a; K! q! ?
clrscr();
0 U2 G; A3 h6 i7 g' q! r' O, @gotoxy(35, 12);
" g7 N% {* o& b$ E6 q2 Ecprintf("Hello world"); ' i' p! \; l5 x) [( ~; q) k- @
getch();
* I I/ k3 j2 {1 A" B4 J1 G0 _return 0;
, n& [) n5 j( i} " M/ c, e7 C; I2 Y* u$ q" g
' F0 b8 j7 Y3 \4 y. w

, B0 D/ {- @: y函数名: gotoxy / t2 g/ Y1 [9 J6 P
功能: 在文本窗口中设置光标
1 ]1 F' y, T3 _! N( z. c' O' m用法: void gotoxy(int x, int y); % [" H& k4 ]3 {. V5 {! L$ d
程序例: # H1 ]- w1 {* C, {/ Y, l( L
#include <CONIO.H>
( g: i4 `3 Y8 E8 Yint main(void) 4 n8 C0 D8 h5 o- p: {
{ D, m+ G4 B( ?' R( ]' n
clrscr();
$ V# W0 e# i! l3 U% wgotoxy(35, 12);
5 F! r [- \/ B, U5 t, Zcprintf("Hello world"); ( r; |* l* ~1 Z |. M. L5 H0 f* W
getch();
 @" k g) K, ]& e8 w% Preturn 0;
. N. K, M, d+ d% u! R}
5 G( [& q3 \8 U; V" I
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函数名: graphdefaults % k8 Z4 C! _. ~( V& B" m$ s
功能: 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值
4 ]: G% r6 [- V; _ _用法: void far graphdefaults(void);
. ~5 W9 ^3 G# F/ o- Q) O. _9 s程序例: ( A3 z8 _% r5 F4 F2 A, l, U. m
#include <GRAPHICS.H>, f7 D& ]" s2 S
#include <STDLIB.H>
' [% ?+ y& G# i1 q+ _ y#include <STDIO.H>% A# Z+ m4 H1 i& s) k
#include <CONIO.H>
* S: q% V j% B5 v7 O8 hint main(void) ' F4 h% L% N! b9 ~) A9 B) i
{ 1 s$ A- |# W) ]4 g
/* request auto detection */
& ?2 o' J0 Y4 q# dint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 1 n0 _1 q$ [* K$ R
int maxx, maxy; ( N+ S: t, I5 J1 d5 H
/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 1 L0 M8 Q. Q8 p8 E
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\bor\\Borland\\bgi"); 
3 b6 ~4 x7 D! [( I) ~' N/* read result of initialization */
' g' u# C6 G' X8 ^errorcode = graphresult(); 4 ]8 F2 F: e/ x/ Z
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ! Z; H) v+ Y& ^+ `7 B
{
2 I/ T9 B7 A% \8 v. `printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
, }( j) J( D! ?+ F! ]5 z6 @( t( Iprintf("Press any key to halt:");
! ~" Q4 |% \" m7 cgetch(); 7 T8 ^3 Y# u, S0 h6 U; A
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ B5 ~0 g' L0 Z
} 2 w ?) G* N! c! o6 q
maxx = getmaxx();
$ b+ P- _& L% x1 t! vmaxy = getmaxy(); 
' X3 s7 q5 Q% k* R9 Q! a/* output line with non-default settings */
$ G) Z% N1 W1 x* V- u7 Lsetlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3);
8 _: J9 R! U9 Q1 dline(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 2 G0 h) G M5 D
outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored.");
: D+ z( Q* g3 B0 vgetch(); 1 D6 P2 J i: b1 T2 n1 N
/* restore default values for everything */
, c, A! L0 V" P! c- Zgraphdefaults(); 
/ u7 l1 f7 N) S0 Y( H/* clear the screen */
! U" S) N; `$ l" l& zcleardevice(); 8 c5 w" i3 d( q# y. H8 t' E
/* output line with default settings */ * i- Y) T2 J3 x( y4 |
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); ( Y! c! H- @6 E1 M9 p+ J. c" B( x! Z& J
outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values."); ' Y" W& F/ {4 m$ h7 I
/* clean up */ , L! Y: ^+ y1 I+ w2 \
getch();
# J1 R- O; i) pclosegraph(); ; u2 E K7 U% m& x8 z* {
return 0; + }0 d6 L3 _% Q$ |/ `
}
+ i, V' N& {# U% _: H
. a+ O. B- A2 a& C+ o" I" ^$ Z8 v6 P% j! S j
函数名: grapherrormsg 
 O+ ]2 n& {( f4 M5 u7 y% Z# N功能: 返回一个错误信息串的指针 " r. ^6 o: e. _6 i
用法: char *far grapherrormsg(int errorcode); 4 P, [- \0 W( F7 |
程序例: 4 B6 A, a( L. |# O2 d
#include <GRAPHICS.H>
8 |* k- F2 d9 ~7 b) M( m* ]#include <STDLIB.H>
/ [, w, u8 S$ m- T8 v#include <STDIO.H>
% v; s5 z8 O8 a# j#include <CONIO.H>. \: c" {/ l" R7 X
#define NONSENSE -50 " \% `; u# a+ L: Y! Z" A( _
int main(void)
) L H) P8 J% O$ w7 K{ * c; T0 L R7 e G, U* {
/* FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCUR */ 5 s( i. x- x+ s! y; B4 n0 a
int gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode; / K7 K! m# Z& v# K. m* ^% g
/* initialize graphics mode */ + ?* Q& s7 Y& o& }. }6 I, t
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 0 O* s% A+ @, X+ ]( h# r2 D" T8 f
/* read result of initialization */
. a g, d: [% h: C7 berrorcode = graphresult(); 
( K1 A4 t% }( \. Y/* if an error occurred, then output a */
+ L+ w. R. Z7 a/* descriptive error message. */
; e+ @, f8 \5 x9 i0 E; R7 Bif (errorcode != grOk)
( z/ H+ r+ I" w# t{ + ?* s3 A0 r9 `( X- {4 R. h
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 1 r2 q7 {3 u& T2 v
printf("Press any key to halt:"); . U. a4 {* `) \
getch();
$ V) V! { V- J- ~" H: Kexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
" V$ |& I! d1 A7 S- I} 7 S& B- `% ]- j, g6 m6 k+ \
/* draw a line */
1 J$ ]' M' v; {& dline(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
2 T5 `- G8 D( a7 I( r2 d/* clean up */
8 _4 I8 s: L8 W% Q3 @8 A! n$ s! ?getch(); $ |( [9 ?5 ^* Q! H% f- `. e4 M
closegraph();
2 {4 U* ]) X$ k4 Y1 V8 Hreturn 0; 4 n6 J& @2 g8 q* t
} 4 s+ [) j- d" q$ A4 T6 d. r( b" ^


$ M1 Z d7 Q! e j0 b( }4 a+ [函数名: graphresult 
1 e7 p( _' i6 y* A M功能: 返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码 ! r$ F3 B4 A* Z7 f9 E
用法: int far graphresult(void);
* L- o5 C5 h; {$ L- `1 j z7 r程序例: 
, X; C/ i7 p4 y! U& Y1 O#include <GRAPHICS.H>9 l9 Q+ V. j' m
#include <STDLIB.H>
" q' s1 g. C3 B3 x#include <STDIO.H>
0 ]* r8 J/ W" Q) V#include <CONIO.H>
; ^. m$ T4 f$ g# F, cint main(void)
& J# l& v4 ]; Z5 F{ 7 M5 s$ Q# {$ q- i
/* request auto detection */
4 ~$ n' }; ]( l6 `) Gint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
0 e6 U+ M% e0 L6 O/* initialize graphics and local variables */
! k: q; N( e4 w5 C! o( y9 linitgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 
4 J6 Z% L! c. n; o; `9 Y# |/* read result of initialization */ ! u3 ?/ s& w; w/ C. E
errorcode = graphresult(); 
, W7 X S( m/ M0 s6 xif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ ! l. k ]$ A! K1 \
{ 7 j! W8 b/ v7 n6 I: B+ J" U2 Y @
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
& t: F2 r& u& `+ eprintf("Press any key to halt:");
, [6 w; v! j% w2 R0 w2 jgetch();
3 X; v {/ p7 a6 y4 t* R5 cexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
) }$ N7 W1 i4 S} 6 X1 K6 L n$ s# l6 t* K% j8 \
/* draw a line */ . N0 g; w+ o5 ~( }
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 
/ q4 H$ N, B6 E. c+ V. A/* clean up */
+ S/ k# \( Q- f% Y$ l8 ]$ ggetch();
( P8 ]) p, k8 j0 Pclosegraph(); 3 k: t- n7 i7 s5 V6 H0 b
return 0;
0 B; B% S* ]) R2 w0 G} 9 S z3 k: X4 n
3 {) ~" G' [; ~+ v; w* N& u6 c
函数名: _graphfreemem
" \7 f8 N- d- U) C# J功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区释放函数
4 L0 p+ u4 J! Y用法: void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size);
程序例: 
& i6 F# ~. t9 v#include <GRAPHICS.H>9 X2 S& _+ D# F, u
#include <STDLIB.H>
5 p( @" W( Q. N) y7 L; |#include <STDIO.H>
$ Z! ^2 c2 ]* Z$ d& _6 Q5 W) O7 E#include <CONIO.H>
( P9 l! c$ B) b/ R* s, @: p* N#include <ALLOC.H>% a7 [/ E3 [4 @! v& S8 }9 q
int main(void)
6 h( R0 ]4 h7 N j- c6 E{ , p$ r- v% D9 q ~; d
/* request auto detection */
7 J& y: @. X1 v& Q8 x% Pint gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
/ y9 X1 {5 y& k% B- B0 @, v3 Yint midx, midy; 5 q" ^- A U4 c: ^) q1 ~6 I
/* clear the text screen */ 5 L8 ?. X5 k5 R2 D0 J
clrscr(); $ \3 e* E1 q0 \) z
printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:");
/ _# G% p1 X/ P( b- X+ ?getch();
& x9 S, D& M: M7 g' ]+ r1 yclrscr(); 
+ y, B3 N) M) o; k7 ]/* initialize graphics and local variables */ ; J4 k9 r, y# S! |6 n6 ~
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 1 d* o: L5 ]; j) \ Y9 I8 d) @( X
/* read result of initialization */
1 @( l) n1 W6 i+ Z, _0 qerrorcode = graphresult();
$ ^+ \5 n; Y7 H) Yif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */
* r0 A" p1 n3 j3 p6 c{ # v3 ], A, `. x; r
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
0 L$ Q* r% V7 m _! r* uprintf("Press any key to halt:");
+ G. N! J* J# ]3 a6 t: V: Fgetch();
+ b9 t$ h& C Dexit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
( P9 N3 v. x T) p} 
* z! }* d5 H: Z3 ]2 Emidx = getmaxx() / 2;
) z) r' ?9 E3 ?0 Jmidy = getmaxy() / 2; 
- p R0 x# U8 I( m' n6 ?; n7 s; W/* display a message */ + b$ p' K6 o1 _9 ~. A! h
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 3 b5 l+ e2 X0 f, H* @. j/ O
outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); , a& _- {' ~: ?# D: J$ Y
/* clean up */
1 z3 A0 x8 h5 z' e" {1 u9 f2 Y Xgetch(); $ f8 H5 C/ [! A4 h; U
closegraph(); 9 M/ e, k3 x) A- j. l7 G( n! T4 m% ]
return 0;
 X+ J' Y! i2 q8 E9 {5 F0 u% S3 t} , {: [- v# j% ~8 G
/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */ # f# c- I% M0 G( g
void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size)
4 y: }$ W% S# p" d$ [- V5 N{
" p0 }6 [2 M/ }4 z; g" ?$ kprintf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
' A/ h l& q9 gprintf("hit any key:"); $ ~% I) l9 s# C0 ?/ k
getch();
# [+ X( H5 U( X+ r6 aprintf("\n"); ( ~ q" o# s1 _
/* allocate memory from far heap */ 6 D! x( [/ G/ J9 E6 }3 }' s
return farmalloc(size);
7 f- D- T) D" {. K, x* c5 B} + e, u0 ?! A4 O1 O% z: D# T
/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */
3 l( m3 D) M3 Zvoid far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size) $ Z s8 b! a8 d
{ 8 O! O. G, y0 f: X* Z& a
printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size);
2 i; s; i4 E3 T2 v6 E! M1 f' Cprintf("hit any key:"); ! U! f* z0 Q& K
getch(); ; J a1 d( s- f$ ]4 [" d
printf("\n"); : L; W0 w) p, z! B0 H
/* free ptr from far heap */
# z( ]1 Y. L0 ~5 r$ C( o/ }% C: tfarfree(ptr);
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8 O* e( D9 q# c+ h! `7 m" E- }# s函数名: _graphgetmem 
% g! P2 ~' V1 w1 }( i" }; f功能: 用户可修改的图形存储区分配函数 ) y! l4 H" o' R, t( q5 C7 \9 A
用法: void far *far _graphgetmem(unsigned size);
0 p2 s" }0 ~% ~' h程序例: 
, f$ R& x& K: Q5 T( K$ w#include <GRAPHICS.H>) y$ Y1 I# ?& c& {! v
#include <STDLIB.H>
# f; g8 \* n/ ^6 Z#include <STDIO.H>, E! _. W0 a- y' y$ g
#include <CONIO.H>
" J) w* O! f& i! ]* g#include <ALLOC.H>' t4 q5 t( H2 y" e4 E7 g
int main(void)
" G" `+ @7 u6 P& \6 x9 ?! r{
$ D/ R( j2 O/ @. z) P/* request autodetection */ 4 \' K& s- m8 k, g
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
0 [3 X' |8 v) _int midx, midy; ; R& d! R: b3 W7 v+ [+ v& B; D
/* clear the text screen */
6 y9 U" R( U' [ k' D, T2 gclrscr();
1 j" z5 k* ~4 @% @& Wprintf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); " ]! T# `) U/ J `, J; r3 p
getch();
) V* q" Z4 i$ h3 Y, eclrscr(); 
5 d4 w: ]6 b- z: ~/* initialize graphics and local variables */ , G' \; _* {+ t |: [ Q" V
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 3 W% d8 K' r; V( T% M ~; l
/* read result of initialization */ b+ B/ @* C5 e y0 q9 L9 Y
errorcode = graphresult();
2 ]- J5 b+ Y6 [: {! N2 O! u' Aif (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 1 C' u6 a0 z6 N; N7 s/ o
{ % b( X2 F9 j: V1 B/ S! n5 M
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); " C' ~+ s4 ^ R
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 7 p5 Z7 e+ w% u* L
getch(); 0 g |. h% V; A' ?7 Y
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */
3 Z1 n* I1 a3 @3 H; F} 
# h6 E# K7 X) E: g* R! o: }' s) l; pmidx = getmaxx() / 2;
& C x" t7 `- }+ K1 D! omidy = getmaxy() / 2; 9 r( r5 O! ?$ \
/* display a message */
4 b5 S( |% `" W" k2 Bsettextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
, p" P% _% v8 X: pouttextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); , R& j+ r: |# T- _. ^& b; x
/* clean up */
; k. W: X* }- a) {" e H, Ggetch();
' w1 [1 |3 k2 I! U p' G7 Z6 S. ]closegraph();
: E0 X, x! C$ @% C7 \( I( Ereturn 0;
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/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */
" W' O' ~$ |+ \5 I, Uvoid far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size)
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printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size);
$ w x7 @3 b5 b1 p/ `; O" l; `) pprintf("hit any key:");
- _; I% @& L2 M0 e# x! |( agetch();
! S: q- U( d: v) u$ f; ^printf("\n"); 
! l4 L f- d8 w9 H1 m/* allocate memory from far heap */ ( d! V( o4 U+ c5 R- ^0 o0 w
return farmalloc(size); 4 G% r, q3 T0 J, v2 U# U& k1 K; F
} : @; |. }' M' y* }
/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */
! h9 t( a- g# N) |+ o! b& i0 {void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size)
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printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size); 0 _* U! C; R2 Q+ M9 F' a
printf("hit any key:"); % ~4 I' a; q. F! q( Y" T) T
getch(); C1 L( @. t" C9 G& Q" t: |
printf("\n"); ' |- j+ Q3 f' L1 F( }- `! J
/* free ptr from far heap */
" a0 }% x, l. d, |( m0 v& K: M1 \farfree(ptr); 1 F, m0 H/ u/ ^& d4 {5 ?3 c- J5 @! y4 O
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