matlab下面的kalman滤波程序3 \6 R0 u' Y. O& n
clear N=200; w(1)=0;
8 t, h8 N, s4 ?' Aw=randn(1,N)
, a7 b `. S6 o! o3 K8 d, r5 }# Mx(1)=0; : I5 ?( J) T! U" o& P$ j) {
a=1; : O+ n8 s. r+ _1 l- c
for k=2:N;
3 ^& o" C6 Q. ~( `: Z. ]7 n, sx(k)=a*x(k-1)+w(k-1);
( _* m a6 j% q" \" Send / r! i' O# C, [" x3 Z
V=randn(1,N);
& R. T9 Z+ A7 \$ s. ]' ?8 Zq1=std(V);
, ]* }& ~5 z7 z$ C" V/ l, |5 cRvv=q1.^2; 8 T; T" b/ e5 P; c" Z. C
q2=std(x);
2 s/ {6 z3 e8 q. a- S9 NRxx=q2.^2;
0 u' p R# l6 {. [q3=std(w);
' d+ h) u4 D6 ]Rww=q3.^2; . ?: {3 j* n$ ?6 u
c=0.2; % H. J4 \- c8 E
Y=c*x+V;
c3 b4 S, {$ b2 E1 Tp(1)=0;
]$ t6 j" Z3 t9 W) zs(1)=0;: ^$ g% e/ t; b% i: f; c
for t=2:N; " `* j4 X: F) A9 m% K" y
p1(t)=a.^2*p(t-1)+Rww; 7 m1 b+ g- o0 G/ W
b(t)=c*p1(t)/(c.^2*p1(t)+Rvv);
; @' C# h1 m. Z! @) ns(t)=a*s(t-1)+b(t)*(Y(t)-a*c*s(t-1));
% e" E% `/ [8 J6 J/ n+ ?# dp(t)=p1(t)-c*b(t)*p1(t);
, T1 y) ~, n: Oend / q! G1 C7 D% S. B: L" `; y
t=1:N; 1 C2 K) s: @: Y! O0 G
plot(t,s,'r',t,Y,'g',t,x,'b');
% G6 I6 z+ x/ `8 I2 I2 Xfunction [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, varargin)
* c- I6 [% c4 r. R( d% Kalman filter. 2 j, e/ y. K0 H5 o, m v! o G, A8 I
% [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, ...) , P1 u) U5 H" D5 u; B
%
. T3 W4 c+ R% X, O1 w5 Z% INPUTS:
: x6 g1 B. I7 ?1 \0 p% y(:,t) - the observation at time t
3 {6 {0 t; U& J1 D- k% A - the system matrix
5 U, }( m% A/ V% h) n- P J9 q% C - the observation matrix 2 {7 Q6 D5 E, D5 s" @0 l
% Q - the system covariance 8 ^. c+ x% _" {- K! G; c# y, \1 Q ^
% R - the observation covariance
9 ` g6 u- o" J& {% M3 }$ I% init_x - the initial state (column) vector . g* Y/ ]% [& v: @8 r
% init_V - the initial state covariance
% Z& G+ {- k4 F z% v5 N%
v, {9 W* G( v+ X% OPTIONAL INPUTS (string/value pairs [default in brackets]) , B1 i# _ E$ [$ ~
% 'model' - model(t)=m means use params from model m at time t [ones(1,T) ] * j1 @$ ?) C% G8 [( k/ _# L
% In this case, all the above matrices take an additional final dimension,
% |, m% W# [8 q( ]7 q% i.e., A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m).
& G4 w2 x$ Y3 g1 L5 n) y v4 f% However, init_x and init_V are independent of model(1). ) Z# l3 u( ^4 m) X. O4 M
% 'u' - u(:,t) the control signal at time t [ [] ] $ w. n- F- U% z2 h; R* G
% 'B' - B(:,:,m) the input regression matrix for model m
: F7 @1 { g( y3 O% ], n% $ a& B, z+ _4 q) j) M3 n
% OUTPUTS (where X is the hidden state being estimated)
( w$ J- M$ B1 V6 Q3 p6 ]% x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)]
( L$ h7 E0 G( T% V(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)] 3 V% p; s& L: A& Q9 ]. \+ C! @5 O, P
% VV(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t), X(:,t-1) | y(:,1:t)] t >= 2 * V7 w# k ~# `6 L3 j4 x
% loglik = sum{t=1}^T log P(y(:,t))
6 o4 p" D" K& f4 \' u% + f: M% D& _; e* H
% If an input signal is specified, we also condition on it:
J* s6 i ~0 R7 f% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t)]
, j4 K x6 V. z7 f% If a model sequence is specified, we also condition on it:
% g% J5 C) X5 c0 x% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t), m(1:t)] # S1 k( ~9 |3 X1 z0 }5 o
[os T] = size(y); 0 [: C& e9 p& ^. \' R
ss = size(A,1); % size of state space 6 L4 R) J2 l7 A
% set default params
3 v3 @" P# B' V4 A2 [model = ones(1,T);
4 J2 d- U! x9 x: I# ~u = [];
E2 ~. B f: U, VB = [];
# E" x, W/ Y1 |! K" u/ Vndx = []; 6 [- A+ O* Z/ ]; ~2 B
args = varargin; " O1 A$ c1 d" ~7 W- @4 G
nargs = length(args);
3 Z) H# C# c+ A* X8 Wfor i=1:2:nargs
9 k/ a' z/ H" X. e% ^switch args
! x+ y W) }% u# _2 |case 'model', model = args{i+1}; 6 S$ @" V6 p4 x* g5 _
case 'u', u = args{i+1}; . s( u7 b4 j+ w& }7 g/ M
case 'B', B = args{i+1}; * n8 B% _7 ]2 j' y! e( j. h7 l
case 'ndx', ndx = args{i+1};
5 i6 l1 @! ~( e5 ~otherwise, error(['unrecognized argument ' args]) 9 ~/ i2 q$ I; b) X" a' r9 y* q
end
# }- R( [5 r! v a8 ^5 b# hend . Z5 [1 ^8 _9 i1 l5 a
x = zeros(ss, T);
, v7 } A P/ X9 KV = zeros(ss, ss, T);
# R4 f& u- ?4 T: m: ^VV = zeros(ss, ss, T);
% v* k( L0 `/ zloglik = 0;
0 n: q/ N, D- ]5 c' }for t=1:T m = model(t);
" i* ~/ ` `. y% ]if t==1 %prevx = init_x(:,m); # V9 u4 ]- l) C$ p$ K; z' J
%prevV = init_V(:,:,m); / I, b& h2 d* _( ~0 m8 L% ?9 l
prevx = init_x;
4 O, d2 D* m0 _+ B( @' XprevV = init_V;
# H* M" k" F4 N+ b) y9 |. t5 Iinitial = 1;
1 F* G$ ?9 ^3 @. Zelse prevx = x(:,t-1); 9 V" E& \/ w* e, J9 }7 a
prevV = V(:,:,t-1); 3 I& r+ i% f1 D+ T# }
initial = 0;
' ]! L' c3 _" [) `. S9 Aend 5 q; r" W5 n& j. O9 z% U
if isempty(u)
r* H' F) t* t, p" ^+ b[x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ...
/ T+ H. o# z, i6 }& I1 kkalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, 'initial', initial); else
, E, O+ n5 v0 \6 E7 x4 g if isempty(ndx) [x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ...
. g7 l% e* `; y/ b8 t8 h" c' l2 I kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(:,:,m)); ; q& W& |2 m% U% o5 x6 C- Q
else 8 h3 x) J* f/ F! N$ R: {6 B; s* p
i = ndx; @8 S2 Z, J( u! w$ P* d
% copy over all elements; only some will get updated x(:,t) = prevx; / b1 v4 T% |% D+ q7 Q. G
prevP = inv(prevV);
8 ~0 w' k9 k, k9 Q/ Q) `- l; lprevPsmall = prevP(i,i);
: L- u( Z! j+ T6 F- B% T9 k( j& dprevVsmall = inv(prevPsmall); ) b* O- U' M% O$ m) T+ Z( h% x
[x(i,t), smallV, LL, VV(i,i,t)] = ... kalman_update(A(i,i,m), C(:,i,m), Q(i,i,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx(i), prevVsmall, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(i,:,m)); $ T: S' [3 A/ m7 {) S( \
smallP = inv(smallV); , R, b& [) w' o# y. S1 {
prevP(i,i) = smallP; 7 B( e( L8 H2 J. L# w: J& o8 w( Q
V(:,:,t) = inv(prevP); 1 f! ^& @/ ~/ V% F6 S$ @2 c
end 7 e, h) T( x5 ` ?
end - N# p, U& {! M2 M
loglik = loglik + LL;
% [+ F* H; z: \# Eend |