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TA的每日心情 | 慵懒 2020-7-12 09:52 |
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签到天数: 116 天 [LV.6]常住居民II 管理员
 群组: 2018教师培训(呼和浩 群组: 2017-05-04 量化投资实 群组: 2017“草原杯”夏令营 群组: 2018美赛冲刺培训 群组: 2017 田老师国赛冲刺课 |
MATLAB 并不需要任何类型的声明或维度报表。 MATLAB 每当遇到一个新的变量名称,创建变量,并分配适当的内存空间。
% [! t. m0 i% ^$ L
* S( w2 y# J: V" G如果变量已经存在,则MATLAB替换以新的内容的原始内容,并分配新的存储空间,在必要的情况下。! }! \# Q7 c7 k# l- t
" B4 Y. ?& @+ m
例如,$ f: R8 R2 |: [+ t( [
( [6 f( {. b' y3 @! Y8 J' W
Total = 425 J; h o9 H) y( |5 k* z5 Q& |' ^
上述语句创建了一个名为“Total” 的 1-1 矩阵存储值42。
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MATLAB中可用的数据类型
% S, G7 w( w% z; V5 @ M% g. Z5 d9 I3 u+ N
MATLAB 提供15个基本数据类型。每种数据类型的数据存储在矩阵或阵列的形式。这个矩阵的大小或阵列是一个最低 0-0,这可以长大为任何规模大小的矩阵或数组。
7 \8 L" i/ a1 V( E u5 V
# }8 Y; V$ ^+ y1 H! i! M9 V; ~4 ^下表显示了在 MATLAB 中最常用的数据类型:4 T4 ^! K2 N. @' R- K
1 Y8 U+ [- A( @6 d
数据类型 描述
6 h0 u8 x# z0 j! Kint8 8-bit signed integer
0 G9 d2 F, l/ J& [/ l) uuint8 8-bit unsigned integer! @ J0 D( f) {5 o9 e- ~4 K8 c h
int16 16-bit signed integer; A) y5 g9 {6 `) t6 \1 c% E
uint16 16-bit unsigned integer
( @1 w# T/ {' M# Z; dint32 32-bit signed integer
5 ~- f* w2 q: Y0 Yuint32 32-bit unsigned integer
5 ~% Y4 f/ i; N4 M) p6 j, R' r+ oint64 64-bit signed integer7 m( H2 L9 h) e' i
uint64 64-bit unsigned integer
" F+ N) z$ s' Z1 p& K* |% {single single precision numerical data
! }/ D9 \& Q2 a2 K1 |3 F- tdouble double precision numerical data' V9 R# C8 C9 l- ^! _7 o
logical logical values of 1 or 0, represent true and false respectively. u- M) I" o; s- a1 O4 \+ Q" Q
char character data (strings are stored as vector of characters)" A5 _3 g& S/ V. o4 t
cell array array of indexed cells, each capable of storing an array of a different dimension and data type# G0 l, |1 d& ]6 v& A+ i; C' n% M' L
structure C-like structures, each structure having named fields capable of storing an array of a different dimension and data type: E8 q) w! b1 @7 q, G! L
function handle yiibaier to a function
0 A2 @) ?& Z+ U8 _' \user classes objects constructed from a user-defined class6 d$ d p5 j# o6 Y
java classes objects constructed from a Java class
9 Z3 G$ `8 e& F3 w" v例子
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创建一个脚本文件,用下面的代码:) w- v. i( v* v3 U" Z
7 N5 r8 }' O5 l: }5 W
str = 'Hello World!'- s+ M* i) p4 `
n = 2345
/ z. h' M7 l, H: Xd = double(n)6 n/ U9 J f. l4 ]+ ]
un = uint32(789.50)
2 [# F% I/ v0 b( i- q' C/ Lrn = 5678.92347) a; p6 _% y% j; P( o6 }
c = int32(rn)( F( h5 r* I r$ G; j
上面的代码编译和执行时,它会产生以下结果:
. T v: i" m& p" M, X7 f+ S9 p
$ c O# Z" N) @, G& sstr = P7 r9 x8 u, ]! i+ A7 K6 w) v
Hello World!% S4 e7 t& Z3 d6 i, {
n =
1 G L5 q1 l" W' @ 23453 s. f" }+ @% w
d =' d$ f8 k6 T! ~. {/ @
23455 t# B. H0 v. a& l: {0 V& m
un =" f! C4 F9 w- v9 O, D+ t0 V3 m& I
790 h9 n6 D, ]0 }/ ]% a }* |2 ^
rn =
( V8 h2 I( f; i+ P1 m 5.6789e+03
# {! J+ N9 H8 [) j3 `c =
+ R8 v# f3 T. t! p N R% D' }8 s 5679
, E! r7 F& | z% z; M3 @) D' ]数据类型转换
\4 D. f8 @0 ~$ s* }5 H* b' J1 J5 \. p& k, ]' @. S
MATLAB 提供各种函数,用于从一种数据类型转换到另一种。下表显示的数据类型转换函数:- z5 V& a+ y; C! C7 W
% ^: a1 \3 {$ k4 g7 A8 u7 `
函数 目的/作用9 E+ g6 @$ ^! m; J
char Convert to character array (string)
+ U7 |( p) a, J# J! y: rint2str Convert integer data to string
4 ~# s1 M! C i, y0 qmat2str Convert matrix to string; R# `: s/ r* G8 O5 U* Z% l0 o
num2str Convert number to string I% g0 e9 S3 O' z" s6 g
str2double Convert string to double-precision value1 F) p5 t) I/ B% w3 V
str2num Convert string to number) }: N& Y, R* l* i# [" A
native2unicode Convert numeric bytes to Unicode characters
6 V) P6 r: x9 A; k+ Zunicode2native Convert Unicode characters to numeric bytes
: z6 g n1 g! D8 f2 h2 Fbase2dec Convert base N number string to decimal number
3 {7 S+ C6 a9 j! r) Z+ gbin2dec Convert binary number string to decimal number' ~/ {. G3 ?$ U5 c: y; ~* X
dec2base Convert decimal to base N number in string
4 T6 Y( v8 p. y/ E1 G4 V! p4 d Ddec2bin Convert decimal to binary number in string( F, ]+ V1 \# k' C
dec2hex Convert decimal to hexadecimal number in string7 g' j) r/ R' F9 `; U
hex2dec Convert hexadecimal number string to decimal number
. }* V- R' @2 [+ A" q( z1 Qhex2num Convert hexadecimal number string to double-precision number
, Q) Z' A* Q% Z# P4 Vnum2hex Convert singles and doubles to IEEE hexadecimal strings# W8 B" ~9 H9 i9 H, c# t1 W; Y
cell2mat Convert cell array to numeric array1 {- P! X$ c J9 ~- k8 N9 v% J, S
cell2struct Convert cell array to structure array
1 t; I& w r% ~4 I8 c2 B) lcellstr Create cell array of strings from character array( k6 Z. \* q. V2 o" z
mat2cell Convert array to cell array with potentially different sized cells
' m: w" L% B' c {- {5 B1 m X. n) Hnum2cell Convert array to cell array with consistently sized cells; X+ o/ h2 A# R
struct2cell Convert structure to cell array
: h! L3 |0 e! q& }4 ~; _ ]9 Q- U测定的数据类型2 w ?* R9 | X, F% T- D0 i
3 k7 Y$ g' t: K8 D& NMATLAB 提供各种函数标识数据类型的变量。2 ~3 L! U; s5 k) g1 q
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下表提供了确定一个变量的数据类型的函数:$ V# a) Q% k! X# S
- d( t; u m* C函数 目的/作用
+ y8 D9 E, K. cis Detect state
: O7 ? e. c; }) {isa Determine if input is object of specified class
% t; A% i" A9 z2 w. a. Tiscell Determine whether input is cell array9 b+ m1 W, ]) E/ |# I
iscellstr Determine whether input is cell array of strings2 H' P, f/ i: I- k" G4 [7 U
ischar Determine whether item is character array. o2 ~' V5 w2 e; l1 ~$ j
isfield Determine whether input is structure array field
( h2 _1 B, r& c c3 s" [; Hisfloat Determine if input is floating-yiibai array
) R$ K9 i: d, J3 _9 i$ t3 \; Qishghandle True for Handle Graphics object handles
Y) f) ?( {/ O) L- s# a( k misinteger Determine if input is integer array
( _3 A' p& S0 S. B1 O! j/ ]( ^isjava Determine if input is Java object
% v2 U5 f( ?" N! t9 `islogical Determine if input is logical array$ M3 j: |- ~% ^5 }3 T; T U- p5 m
isnumeric Determine if input is numeric array
2 n3 `. p* f7 O5 Jisobject Determine if input is MATLAB object U& q9 v% H' {- {5 }+ r* h2 Z
isreal Check if input is real array
5 z# j) }, G8 f+ w6 {0 [isscalar Determine whether input is scalar
, I6 j, f. O/ P7 X3 ~! eisstr Determine whether input is character array
^8 a4 N! I Z; G& f# fisstruct Determine whether input is structure array
: N, j. j$ ]! b Z$ H2 x' R/ Misvector Determine whether input is vector
0 I- M. Y6 \) m2 n/ iclass Determine class of object
5 E5 m) B; v5 b! g9 z2 Gvalidateattributes Check validity of array! G! p$ y% a: W3 J3 B6 K" M
whos List variables in workspace, with sizes and types: e" I: I6 h2 B( h7 A
例子: C5 `6 B' ^ C& ^5 p% o
7 C- k( S' ?- w/ h7 r: ?
创建一个脚本文件,用下面的代码:. H. U s4 `6 A
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x = 32 W8 E* b+ s7 q: d. d
isinteger(x)5 M# K8 b1 K% t3 J
isfloat(x)
/ ?2 R- N5 c: H' H' _: |isvector(x). _ {9 c1 }# `
isscalar(x), [. d; Z0 h8 `) e! D
isnumeric(x)" F2 R: w4 h8 n' S$ P
9 R9 d' k3 f7 ]: d- E" ?; l/ F
x = 23.54
4 _+ E/ n* s7 L! [+ t" Y1 f, Pisinteger(x)* N3 F- {' m$ m& o
isfloat(x)! h: P4 {2 o/ }6 a/ U2 \
isvector(x)6 ~9 C4 v- `6 t! a6 U
isscalar(x)
/ d; ]1 I& J+ _( c0 Bisnumeric(x): `2 j1 w1 X$ A- N9 T' E- y" Y# _
7 r- x# S K$ d \) t; J/ v8 |2 F
x = [1 2 3]
9 E; b& F! O' ]% m. c' n0 n( Oisinteger(x)
# @2 _9 V/ V0 j" |" C& `isfloat(x)& ]( Y8 F1 w+ N/ {- D! I
isvector(x)
9 G8 B1 d$ V5 J4 {' N( @isscalar(x); K3 x; r: \& j: _
6 f0 O/ R' @' a/ ~x = 'Hello'+ d" G1 O/ r3 w" o: h
isinteger(x)5 i9 `( y- Q2 ^
isfloat(x)
# ]" |8 x- q# k6 s" Fisvector(x)
) \& B9 k' R( q8 L- f* f6 F) qisscalar(x)
- q2 I/ A7 K$ E8 P' h7 yisnumeric(x)8 X0 V u' r/ y: N5 b/ [8 |( W
当运行该文件,它会产生以下结果:9 C2 g$ N2 S% ?1 t
1 O% A9 ~* S s# A2 vx =) s! p- J; H. G+ b% ]" t
30 G% C+ s$ H' n) I- | O
ans =
8 w/ W" T+ ]5 e5 b7 _. q3 L8 _7 b2 H 0
9 r9 q2 h; B2 g: L8 \* n" kans =
8 z; ~; l* ?# o E 1. k3 R8 L& g9 O$ E4 a
ans =' v0 U% W) j' w
1/ y9 V2 X4 v% x% ^7 M0 H
ans =
' @& M7 Z V, Z7 v 1
, d! A) v3 _3 @ans =' F1 w: y; ^7 r( `0 `: B* d
13 Q2 n& F) a5 S7 t+ j/ H. o- A
x =
( E5 S3 V+ d+ Z, N1 M9 t# e, ~7 R 23.5400
: V) L$ y) R' z( H3 lans =8 x! }; s8 [. Z0 l
0
2 I! f0 R4 f9 g+ Y) jans =
x3 |: J* f9 @7 Y- n9 e 1$ F( W8 ^# F& Y1 q7 e- U) a
ans =, Q1 B4 U7 T3 K* O+ K
1
: V# r* S5 `; f T! Tans =
: g+ i" P' ^1 M9 _) F 1: r& P, o7 [. _8 R( w
ans =
2 n5 ], P) k- c/ @, x/ @( O 1$ a2 d8 q1 G' x& y+ `3 |2 \1 a. ^1 T0 `
x =+ ? m9 K/ o; h! f1 h( g$ t! v9 S. K
1 2 3. N, x" ~" _7 T9 |" D- u1 q2 B& G
ans =
% k3 X3 u- t9 Y, t: C7 [ 0. o7 R! I) F- L! b3 T
ans =
6 o- `: \/ q Z0 c) I( ]& Q 1; l+ V0 e- r- I. k6 P. p
ans =; N% \+ f3 W+ L6 G) Q, s3 l2 ~
1" D0 E n& u' m5 X' X3 O7 n
ans =8 s) S: f# P( J" `% D+ p
0
; |. d8 H$ [$ S3 b: s! Zx =* I/ Y6 j( Y# B
Hello* c2 t1 `8 @. {) w+ Y
ans =
9 T4 @$ c# A$ D6 C- n+ K4 B 0! r) | {- C2 @. n$ {
ans = v0 l; g0 l# L9 c4 n
0
4 R5 c% z3 A* b3 a, O3 k+ gans =
' b( U/ o5 R1 `! z y7 f 1
1 A; D5 `9 L. Hans =; d5 n; I* w6 A; o! g! Q6 }0 g
0, y8 @1 s" p) c! i7 j+ h
ans =
! Q! R' N- h( p, |1 |3 g1 s* O 0
; b4 A% N+ Y) B8 \
$ \4 K8 p2 A8 `) ^————————————————3 w* B k' Y2 M; s! M" i
版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「Phil__ming」的原创文章。
" d0 F7 V$ U7 L/ o$ u0 l3 S. r! T原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/Poseidon__ming/article/details/75092575' V# ]- v+ t2 g' @2 b* d7 \
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