1 M; Y% N w2 ~# p0 t& B0 Ka = 'python' + f8 V2 ]- E" x5 L. B7 Q+ L, wb = "python" & o+ b" O) G' i& S0 E0 Kc = '''python''' $ k2 ~/ g# h& ?% j2 Vprint(a, id(a))3 t# A% h, |7 J# f' Z+ [2 N
print(b, id(b))( Y; r" z2 _% P, I3 k& r) h6 \
print(c, id(c)) : u) y; s" h( @7 ?' q" b/ N1 * V( S* b& M* a, c, q( m, N P2 ' x7 j5 c- S9 z6 v% ?3 9 q3 D! N5 d9 l/ e3 o1 r7 S/ q43 M y3 i W. f3 o
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6+ r) J) z/ R' c/ y0 a
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9 9 j9 p0 L( H7 Z @% v' Q. K4 Y: A105 h3 J& C5 }% l- ~4 t4 i) C4 H
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* z* U: A g6 t0 C1 [
( a [) r3 v) ^( ^ N2 v3.字符串驻留机制的几种情况(交互式) : p- b: `% ?$ A) v" ?字符串的长度为1 ! X, m: ^5 Q9 A# Q8 i- I4 E% G7 V符合标识符的字符串(只包含字母,数字,下划线) 5 z( q" @$ I/ H- J2 B字符串只在编译是进行驻留,而非运行时% m7 W& o+ F% I9 r, R
[-5,256]之间的整数数字 5 b7 @" Q d( S! S1 D>>> s1 = '' * d8 F( E: a- f( o) t" ~>>> s2 = '' 0 M# s: F7 K. E6 `>>> s1 is s29 x6 ^6 ]+ g: t/ Z' p
True: v- ^2 f, W6 }# N* n4 E
>>>+ ~0 A7 f- n1 s5 A0 n' ~
>>> s1 = 'a'* @* y0 u- B6 _. Q4 V! _2 {
>>> s2 = 'a') Y) l3 U4 {8 s/ {
>>> s1 is s2 8 n7 ` y1 n5 {- J. }. @3 H( z( iTrue 6 U6 T r; W! g1 m>>> * U$ R: L% X9 R>>> s1 = 'abc_def' e2 z7 h" e$ W$ b
>>> s2 = 'abc_def'- I g2 K4 K& ~7 ^% O3 f$ O
>>> s1 is s24 P& b/ E8 }$ ?: G% V r
True: W1 f, ^( q2 V+ \
>>> s1 = 'abc%def' ' X/ U% D" |; `/ Z. O>>> s2 = 'abc%def'7 n8 w% Y+ C- W) @
>>> s1 == s2! G" \+ _3 o! ]7 v
True : M- }$ C2 J- ^: h2 _& q>>> s1 is s2 0 \( A; d, A9 g# n3 EFalse- p3 F9 O. r7 o1 |; M- N
>>> : V$ i- W' e& h( c: R/ @6 N>>> a = 256/ E( E2 V- X% V z0 \
>>> b = 2563 x7 o/ G. ~6 E
>>> a is b- m) {; G* R2 ?. {* Z( O( D! M
True ; s9 `1 v" O$ S/ B: q) a>>> a = 257 ! q9 {" `9 h" }7 _3 Y: m>>> b = 257 2 U: B' w# C6 `! [: W* I>>> a is b( n0 q( N0 m. L. Y
False' P9 t4 o# r0 H
>>> a == b ( Y! P# R; H. O+ u! PTrue( ?8 u* s4 l8 x4 y, p/ E+ u
>>> ; I7 B$ L |/ p% P. Y' V& Y% s! A- Q
1 0 W" q( l& ]( E5 \* A! \( y2 1 I( @( `) V, x( \) s- P3 : M& B8 r$ H* q+ E1 ~4 * q k. H5 J$ m) }, F% D5 ( \. A( m# o, T; T$ r6 $ e4 C! Z; a9 J2 l, k+ z7 , c; S8 |7 q q9 @1 w8 $ u& h [6 ?" h! P- p9 # E# f3 E8 ~: G10 3 l; `2 V: y) b- v! b2 M11 ; j2 r2 f6 B& W& k: h' J124 h/ U8 @0 w+ P F: I
132 `( a; p$ `7 K1 ^' E
14+ y5 S/ |! p2 d0 A0 J4 p: e$ h
15* \4 F+ ]0 |- n: T) h( \
16 + ]7 F" k3 Q T, V# y- B, x17% `+ A6 n+ ~. N" d9 w0 A5 M
18; _4 i) q8 H' m2 m" g3 L, {. @, g
19! [8 O: n0 \/ n
205 {+ w8 q, c. y9 S' @
21 $ h: m0 f) y9 F7 e5 u9 V22 # b+ J2 u4 Z- i) f: F& E: G' Q) Z23 & r) z3 y2 ^2 [% D24/ a% o. n, w% N7 |7 }9 r. k5 X5 @5 Y
25 A1 k3 @; U* ]) c% `26 ' F: d( e, P5 }9 ?275 G: @1 I7 C" k
28 - }' M9 s1 Y' q0 x! v( \% G295 @/ U; T' U+ S' f# F
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318 r, U+ b# Q/ |6 l
32 ! l' S- Y- {" P0 z: X# H$ \) P* A4.强制2个字符串指向同一个对象2 u8 `& A& ^, Q1 [
sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象, ~4 l: }* B8 b
; k$ c4 R( u- }'''sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象''' 3 v9 N. w# i6 v* M9 y( Vimport sys 4 l9 a0 F$ ?- wa = 'abc%' 3 P2 s" ~$ q/ i6 D( Qb = 'abc%' * }5 ]/ Z u9 O! o0 L/ \4 {! vprint(a is b) # True( r: l- P2 J4 l1 N! ~- `6 x
a = sys.intern(b) . E3 S$ [( ?( W( k% d' U! qprint(id(a), id(b)) # 2989905230512 2989905230512 7 A9 q9 W, P9 S# Q Y9 D" c& }* @: T
1 " i: D! S# X. c( i+ i) j2 2 q; l# `( @. g3 / B& G% ~+ S# K' @' Q1 m8 T4 4 e6 n" n( @( q5( A( p. i! g- ] M6 D" g9 O
6* V- `( h! [5 Z" d' Z) q
7 4 x( f6 u3 T- s. ~4 s& Y87 V' [$ R6 l6 u: p, F1 N
5. PyCharm对字符串进行了优化处理 ? G& P+ i4 V1 O6.字符串驻留机制的优缺点7 {. W6 f0 h) {- c5 o
当需要值相同的字符串时,可以直接从字符串池里拿来使用,避免频繁的创建和销毁,提升效率和节约内存,因此拼接字符串和修改字符串是会比较影响性能的。 8 n. [* F) Q1 ~+ } K8 ? * e) [2 o% i9 ` 在需要进行字符串拼接时建议使用 str类型的join方法,而非+ ,因为join()方法是先计算出所有字符中的长度,然后再拷贝,只new一次对象,效率要比"+"效率高 。* v6 a, J ^: G4 i- G
5 n% c0 G [& Q# ^5 y二、字符串类型的操作$ i! c" Q C7 P
Python类str内置源码:( _- c6 Z; q* Q0 x
" {4 V2 U% A0 w- y
class str(object): # l: T3 Y$ j8 R9 a """ 7 s2 p/ z+ V: }8 w, x& ]1 l str = "(对象)——> str5 f. o6 J. O2 P
8 y/ j) G Y o, _0 Z
Str (bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> Str5 h1 [# N2 K$ G
/ r M) W; A; N
从给定的对象创建一个新的字符串对象。如果编码或,则对象必须公开数据缓冲区, e! z6 _) Q2 u2 z9 p* w; R
将使用给定的编码和错误处理程序进行解码。 6 [# J- M |& X% {# N+ M# d 2 I! X* j4 ^. t6 c2 H& z 否则,返回object.__str__()的结果(如果已定义)或repr(对象)。 ' K% P3 y$ _/ C# \! m4 s/ l 4 I7 @# o: I8 }" A4 t9 o
编码默认为sys.getdefaultencoding()。' K% m8 A) ~5 s' N8 v( a) O
) p; O+ Q- p$ q" j* l$ A Errors默认为'strict'。 & F; Z4 K: X$ i1 A& _2 m) a" X0 R. m """ ( s* X$ D4 f) A" ~, a; M4 M def capitalize(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . d( _. W/ L1 o- T' k """$ w4 E( Z( y# u6 c1 Z7 W! g
Return a capitalized version of the string.; V5 P, i" `3 _8 r
. n, X4 u+ M% S8 B& r More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower / K% q. s% M+ j; p; @ case. % J( Q4 R( \! b """) Q; v* R% B& P) f, ~2 E% n
pass 8 [/ D; i V& X2 M% i( w1 l5 { |
def casefold(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown # A# @- J* }' O o """ Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons. """) x Y W, ]5 z4 s# W- D
pass 2 N6 n6 ]) f t W, c# i) x# G * H* x* Q, q' C+ ~" w) I6 Z def center(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 W' E; }, E, f( ?9 v9 A2 K
""" 2 K- S% G2 Q0 d% ~' z h 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。4 s1 x; T, A* |7 v- @, E) `5 t
8 J* o/ V( {- l6 F 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。/ A! }- }- y5 V9 u* s/ Y
"""2 S9 L3 N ? F0 }
pass$ m( _# f) z) [. ?/ i9 {9 \
R- h; s @4 j% ~, j
def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__; R: R- f3 a) t$ n- ?& h# T% P# |" }
""" 0 ]( n5 y# Y6 R5 a; i S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> 4 @7 x4 P) n, e+ M
$ L# d* l5 f- x5 w) S4 u6 `
int .count(sub[, start[, end]]返回子字符串sub in不重叠出现的次数* O0 l5 [( m3 A
) W8 m, H6 ^9 E2 x 字符串(开始:结束)。可选参数start和end是用切片表示法解释。 b# Y) J: M7 b" t
"""% |4 Y% l# D* g7 I; o: A: H' d
return 0; J: r- {* W3 ^5 u* l
! y6 h& c4 X' k2 p% f def encode(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ c( O) H6 A" ` """/ Z& r9 ` N4 |
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding. : y B6 d5 Q d- _; z: @ + v4 d. Y. m. M% L3 J3 d/ } encoding 0 x9 N) J3 u( ]; ^# M' f* F The encoding in which to encode the string. 5 _0 \ r$ P4 e/ a( X errors# a9 u: x# @" M/ d$ e
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. ! o L, B$ J' w: L The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a |5 g8 ?7 M; C. v r
UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and1 w, X% q* B( O3 G
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with , w c/ x7 O& h& N codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. . m) c2 o0 Z% Q2 y: ` \ , B8 Q! h% W0 M" |* ^9 e 使用注册用于编码的编解码器对字符串进行编码。# R4 y) {! W1 q5 p, V7 c. h
. n- O3 }1 |0 m6 E" [ 编码 1 ^; `+ z" D& o) E# [# s 用于编码字符串的编码方式。- S& K5 E) R+ E9 Q" n' l' f0 ?
错误 : F% f0 \; i( E; q7 |$ @ 用于编码错误的错误处理方案。. A6 @" X! H* G" V' n6 L. a7 X; b; L
默认值是'strict',意味着编码错误会引发UnicodeEncodeError。/ C4 {! c' m* p$ f
其他可能的值有'ignore', 'replace'和'xmlcharrefreplace'以及注册的任何其他名称编解码器。" Z1 l7 Y% q* I6 ]
可以处理UnicodeEncodeErrors的register_error。 1 ~4 d7 b; o" U" l6 c) `: S """ 3 Y2 W: P# s, R pass# n% O; K# C; s" ]
2 N: d5 U2 z% m; B& t, c% N0 s def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ ' N% @2 C8 `# j8 C; g; I( [+ N3 \ """ , L/ o* u4 c& V4 `" K8 z S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool% v' I$ H7 `* z
* j& V. h, g" y! x; I9 F
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. . \' k9 m E/ S With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 5 z: q$ d$ R6 l3 E; X1 o8 a( [ With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. ) ~, `7 r5 _& A5 J& E suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. V/ `9 b+ t* v+ k% s9 H
"""- |: U) `" f" N3 `& t2 F
return False9 _4 D! a( m; t
& |" g, ~# }" t9 t2 i6 ^- ]
def expandtabs(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown # L: C, N8 \ ~4 X """0 s6 {% g0 _+ Y6 G
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. . Y" i7 p. Q6 f0 o8 k8 n# \3 t& e9 z: H3 k v
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.. b" m. K) ?9 {7 w. ?# F
"""7 H k5 g6 Q+ J: Q+ f
pass4 f8 |% m3 q7 @
5 ?! ?5 e* j j6 G: t0 Z- M def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ # W. U) n7 m' b( f """, E7 T X$ ^2 C
S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int1 s2 k; F$ g( Q; ?3 z" H% }
9 {; Z4 ?% m2 G1 O1 F
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, 3 l1 k& n x' s such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional' f0 V. K3 C2 b
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 3 r7 |. J4 l6 e% a 3 B- E7 z$ U! @ l5 C Return -1 on failure.' E- t3 C" m0 ]- ~0 |
# C9 E( ~4 q/ ? T! A. s+ Q 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。1 A M* D4 w* K B4 n
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。 : G8 X3 k% o( c3 [! z 8 H# b/ y" r: `- N( _( m7 l) D
失败时返回-1。 ' f+ v4 q5 s% p8 }6 { ( F7 m8 V* a7 A1 [8 u+ w0 Y """ 7 e, I1 d( U$ ?5 l2 t8 c return 0 5 r E. F! l# g, k0 N # O7 Q+ u6 G2 `9 b [$ z4 t def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format ; j3 h# T# n" G$ H7 { """+ V: x; {7 [5 Y5 _6 j
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str % A+ o4 @, T( P' t) X 2 O9 \4 b2 e% E0 _& V1 ^2 m( }6 z Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. 8 a7 I( C7 r/ x2 J" w1 e The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). 3 {. g) b* G# d( G# ]0 t% F: T6 z4 v7 H! v; C/ z, }, P3 Q
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str - p, q9 r" Q; t/ `- A" x - e' K7 T1 |/ b5 c! _( x8 c 使用args和kwargs的替换,返回S的格式化版本。# u) I; Z# y& F
替换由大括号('{'和'}')标识。# W% e0 b O O% v2 i
""" ' f6 W/ j0 N/ p2 j2 S. D/ U2 T pass - K H% J6 {0 `$ e) i7 }' l7 o* j$ G+ ]9 ] ?
def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ : V- f4 r( ?( w0 U """ 7 D7 ~* U; ]1 I( F3 ^) ^ S.format_map(mapping) -> str! Q; p7 p5 b$ G- e8 y+ \
1 k" Z- J! ~# \. l. i3 a Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.) {+ F( {: `- {9 [0 ]' w; m
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). ; Z! b- o: k, T) R5 R/ R4 b """3 j& v j0 ?& L& H
return ""7 v& m! a& l9 Q
: b2 w8 I: k# [+ @/ y
def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ b2 e3 O% F" i; h
"""4 J1 j' I j0 t+ X% O2 j
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int' U- f) G# Z; f4 D
$ A/ c& }7 V4 K/ v' \# U
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,/ w3 n) c3 z) r4 {! a* _
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional ) w" {. A; l: H" l. n# J1 ~ o4 R arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. 9 V# h4 d) J i& u9 M! V8 T& A3 C
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.* S9 ^5 O# j( }0 _$ ~. ?
" p! j# m! ?7 K9 K
S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int . Q- I5 s0 s- T" C. F% K; k i .index(sub[, start[, end]]! A D6 w6 J: ^: @) f
H# ?2 E" d8 ?2 P; [1 I. i/ R 返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。$ U* H- y$ ?) C7 `* e( q2 S
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。 % ~/ x# o8 O& f $ u. B6 }! H! w5 N6 P
当没有找到子字符串时引发ValueError。, T2 Z. U% r! k: ~7 K
""" 1 a) R- l2 H6 B/ F return 0 + g: J/ }' v: r) k. R' b* ?9 e2 W0 J
def isalnum(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . ~: z; D5 W4 d5 a0 v! ] """. M% T: T4 C+ m M% c5 n
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.- E; \" i6 k( s( R% V
; ]9 @$ N# u/ p5 h
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and$ f; O; R: k( I( \8 d
there is at least one character in the string. 0 p' {7 N' d" L, b9 q """1 Q) e. ?8 V4 ]- p: Q) p% i4 R2 Q
pass" @2 {3 W) ~/ W5 s% ^
0 y( w! B n% N# q# {! D; r9 l
def isalpha(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown " g5 p; h' y& ?. b) L """ ' V' f$ s3 f7 G: ~7 W& s Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise. * ~: E$ C: [3 @' j j % h; I8 c/ [) ` A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there" H4 E% ~4 r- A1 Z
is at least one character in the string., S# P7 m X, J0 }4 A3 ^
""" 8 K* H) T; r! h$ Y; H0 A pass 9 v1 F! a$ X s) g 5 r. H* r; A- o+ B9 T" U, N& l def isascii(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown& G/ ~2 ?" Q) o# M3 W v2 r
"""6 c! R3 z7 s0 F, n
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise. 5 v: M, x& M# d) ~ @5 B6 E, H 8 ^3 I) Z! u" a8 u. H ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. u$ g" O" l" K9 \9 \
Empty string is ASCII too.6 L3 J) h m8 S0 ~% k% _* J
""" 0 X9 h( B$ W/ `7 G pass / ]: ]" s5 R+ X# @5 C 2 D( C! D7 [( i def isdecimal(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % t% y1 X8 f$ v7 A* i0 c2 [ """ 5 A3 w; V) ?# J7 w7 `) A* R Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise. 2 j! a' D) r. F: d, l' ] $ F! M! {, v4 C- P A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and: a4 |3 A, e; I5 I1 ~
there is at least one character in the string. / s R* @ t7 G, X- S2 F7 \. c. [ """& Z. Q' b+ A4 b/ B
pass6 x" x, R, }% `+ [6 W; {
* \) Z, B- M/ H' H+ _0 Q( f* u def isdigit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 r! N9 _4 L3 T6 ~+ Q """ 6 \2 @4 d, M. `/ } p Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.' n7 V- t9 N) c/ k* l# E2 M
8 E" k3 n0 ? ~. \1 F
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there/ j( w6 f+ J- H1 K. l
is at least one character in the string. / b5 w) @& `$ w """7 a. h2 O; z8 {
pass 6 q% d; Z$ X7 r; v: V8 J5 z% f! ^: T5 v0 X5 m' @1 f
def isidentifier(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown' B' `" l; v7 O- U4 i: ]2 t
""" X. I6 w S; w! w Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.! ]' B. `: d' _& e
# Z! j8 N3 b0 o! V4 S; b5 t Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, # ~4 a. [7 O% F such as "def" or "class".4 @/ L& e" e+ R% M
"""- x/ e" m: L/ M; u
pass6 [/ o1 s& Y6 }5 \, O& |2 p
# y3 c; H) H; V% O0 E; A8 W
def islower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; G; O+ u A6 f, P """. h: Y5 ]# ^& @2 v4 Z8 D+ h6 ^/ M
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.& t) e7 W+ X u
" x6 E: V. M0 ]3 ?+ i; e A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and% z1 w: V5 _9 d5 [' V
there is at least one cased character in the string. - y# K9 L" I4 D1 ?; S+ I9 P" m """ ) k% ~/ s4 e0 O5 @ pass2 w& H" Q% a- A. s- r' i
* Z' U, h6 T: U- _
def isnumeric(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 7 m$ K- X G' ?0 u) T" [' _6 V: U! w+ F """ 2 Z3 T4 }# ^; Y/ F* w; X& U Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise. 5 a$ L8 C, y0 [5 e: s4 l1 r1 M) y0 h 3 s" x- o, h/ B A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at3 O' z+ E+ A5 j2 |8 c" W" w
least one character in the string. # O; x) C) o: R6 D* ]( C """ % L; I- J9 {4 _2 t% U; B4 O pass ; \7 U/ f2 z& R& c! }# m+ F- ^$ X% A2 c' u! O" l
def isprintable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, `- D2 C/ R2 A& P3 E1 L
""" ' Y; Y' B: M; J4 k7 f Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.2 x" a) J* h# V
. F! {6 s3 }9 v/ ?7 Z A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in( N r6 M, L1 \ |
repr() or if it is empty.* R8 \* \: J: B4 x v6 {& j
"""& R. Y+ u/ s6 T& {! J3 q
pass 8 d9 C+ y8 x8 i: ]/ x. a" p8 [" D( W+ D: X
def isspace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, K' t: N9 [3 z5 ^4 S
""" 3 @4 q/ d* F2 i1 h Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise. 0 @6 j7 b# l" n9 z7 U1 B ( b; v' x. _$ V( Q6 A A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there ) E6 Z) ~, {. D( P% _ is at least one character in the string.0 g8 D5 R) `+ I0 N0 Q8 F# f
""": G. P; }8 U/ _9 z; v4 k
pass ' v: n7 W% B* C2 W; f- ^$ A% }7 H3 g9 h) v
def istitle(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; q; H0 Z: L: q """% |+ v2 t( k& k8 v/ i; h4 U
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise. * g5 b1 i; t2 y. K& o% w- {; } " ~% f* ~) M' q% ~; I In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only, W$ m+ x# ?2 @ R
follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. 8 @ l' {3 ^) t6 G6 L; ` """ 1 q* o( @! i1 z8 C8 e pass# d2 w7 d# w: X! M0 W! x! r3 @
- w2 o0 C1 y( H ~ K- m
def isupper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, i5 U t4 F2 E4 K+ S7 Y% t N
""" ; }/ v. _9 s) h/ x Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.9 j/ V' y6 }2 f; K0 f* k- q
1 h2 ~+ V. F% D' f& \
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and ( v! Z) X( t' Y* W7 S+ }/ } there is at least one cased character in the string., b! a; V8 A/ M) ?$ n& I
""" 8 F9 P9 V; h2 q: h, o9 S9 c pass 5 U5 [" p3 g8 W7 u+ ] V! `% p ; e# u4 `8 {" x( [% g J4 U4 x def join(self, ab=None, pq=None, rs=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 5 z& w0 \% y* s, u2 B" v* T """ 6 K8 b! \. L1 r4 q Concatenate any number of strings. 9 z' Z4 d! ?* G7 h' e3 c ) z4 F, N4 x J' F1 E2 A The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string.# S, F' n$ k& C) v1 j$ R
The result is returned as a new string. : G6 r# Q0 T. C* \. J) H( d" o: F/ m {9 p8 E7 b
Example: '.'.join(['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'/ j, }4 a- |) Y1 S5 U
0 _. j2 c) P2 ?/ G' ~
连接任意数量的字符串。7 f5 }( p' S: x \/ g1 a
9 c. u0 J8 W5 |" O, [1 d% I6 n
调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。 2 f3 _" E0 Y# x4 E T X# S 结果以新字符串的形式返回。 1 H8 r H) N5 h. @' k1 |/ z 7 h! J6 }5 m1 Z+ k1 _ 例如:“。”。Join (['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'7 y: r9 E/ y. z1 `' h
""" 2 c7 A* l$ M7 c a) g' ~( w. W+ \ pass' R3 H0 B. ^$ o7 ]+ e% y
8 J. R6 _+ h6 W1 s/ S1 }
def ljust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; H* J! d% P- u X3 n """4 ^- F G7 F/ x2 ]+ Z' G3 J
Return a left-justified string of length width. & R5 j$ [5 L/ f) c# m2 ^* _; P V3 v1 V8 ]* l q- v
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). # N# ~$ c1 N3 ? $ D& @' L% j" ~5 ]7 v, [ 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。 ! @" N7 p" R0 z+ K# n ! A9 n2 p# S# i; ?9 W6 t$ E9 x! W 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 5 r, [ J# z; R& e """ 1 v9 b' B' X& o0 t: }- ?& {% B/ s pass : [" ~9 L. H! m- s / [" ]7 m6 T3 S1 q def lower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown e' m0 I' H6 Z% I7 {! p5 d" D """ Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase. + T' {2 g4 l4 J. g% Y. ?- I# `: h
返回转换为小写的字符串副本。""". R) P6 _& z* A' S9 g
pass - h7 c3 v5 y1 Y9 l+ r/ u , k7 ^& e1 X+ h0 n( k! x def lstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown5 L; Q, ^/ b' E, u
"""/ E! {! `+ ?: D5 e3 ]- o0 f' I
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.! Z+ P" b7 a/ G' H
# W; n3 l8 C1 w If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. & E4 x2 q: `2 ]: a" G6 w7 o0 j; a) l5 a3 ^$ d- u+ \
返回删除前导空格的字符串副本。 : O- G: d4 |7 B( F ; I/ d: w% u$ f) g; v4 ~2 g4 j 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。% F2 x. g3 [2 y5 C
"""( `* Y, Q) d" @% x+ p. K
pass / H+ z; l9 F; D; o$ f+ S7 b: y6 Q. X# b" {" W3 u2 Y
def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , Q" x1 O/ ^4 U" O. L5 Y0 F: ~8 z% c """- [$ j S0 j8 p
Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). 2 C9 L0 C1 k3 z9 L8 B l6 G6 @ d3 ]4 { If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode! I( K1 _" ]1 e/ p* ^
ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. $ D2 X% m5 z3 t: E. C Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. ; L* c2 F r+ C5 T/ g% o8 V! \ If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and , g ` C" W: z in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the - ]; d% Y' J# q. S Q, I character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it+ _4 o/ x o: s; T/ E
must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.' f% |- `9 v4 @. ]( `& t
""" & J7 j0 r4 w+ k pass $ L# u8 ?9 s! r' F+ z8 k$ ]5 Z5 O! w m$ N! K
def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown) s# |) _4 y; B' F6 ]% [( o2 Q
"""' J# R0 [/ U, a. m2 l
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator." ?0 T2 y' y; k" ^" |* P
" \4 T, _7 v9 K9 x, {6 e This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found,, q) n0 a6 Y3 r2 g1 v' H
returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator % ], S7 E, s* B% U* {! b itself, and the part after it.- |' v/ C. e7 Z: U
1 I3 T; q, Q4 k/ e If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string ) ]* P, |9 b, F3 t and two empty strings. + A& K3 R: z6 f" E/ m """ 0 f, x5 c+ [# z& `" x pass+ m' y( y4 ^5 O6 g( M" O
: Q+ ^$ F9 |5 p/ {$ Q def replace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown3 w7 e4 t+ V3 @' s3 _4 ?
""", m2 v: z& {4 C( {$ z( a$ I
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.: M7 h1 w0 R" N, ^. A
! t+ p! R/ y5 e a count! v; N! R5 [) X. d/ j5 a
Maximum number of occurrences to replace.7 z; N# S) C; M
-1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences. " Y- c) J [6 M9 {* [! y$ u, I' K# H) l& ?
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are ' b: n/ S x) M& o replaced. & x4 f, _7 E* ^1 ~# T4 ` ! m5 g; k$ o; J% C 返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。 ! a6 O# F# L) t$ l f* m# w9 l + Q9 u3 r" `' \) C/ Y& [/ W 数3 M% w+ O0 ?% \* p2 j' _7 T; T1 W
替换的最大次数。 + t" H9 Y" m$ }, h, c -1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。/ |% I& K$ S! w) r1 e
8 [. }; J! M _, e
如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。8 P; A0 t! v6 R: I, C7 D3 n
"""# y6 o/ |! J& q: Y. c
pass/ g8 B: u5 y% P
! I5 c4 [& L. o b
def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 4 [ x( t3 j) H) i1 ^$ [) V """ 2 K0 z3 O/ R" Y2 x% ]7 I S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int+ D* R+ C6 V# i) l0 b* r& j
5 i+ Y3 C8 \; ^: o* @' l* j; J- Z& s/ U Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, & @+ v) Q# G4 H; w& k( o, w3 l, d such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional + F+ A. S) d2 T2 o) y+ f4 ^6 ` arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.6 l8 Z' s/ b+ j/ w
- ]) k" C4 m t: \
Return -1 on failure. i- g2 t9 x8 z7 s
""" # g0 R' w5 F7 H# j+ U1 e return 0 # D9 b( x! `2 |- a- k: b( J. ?; j: h3 G2 g8 [2 [
def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ ! R; [/ M3 |- @" C" Z """9 q/ X) y9 _. H3 \! {! l
S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int2 A x+ P7 `+ C9 a6 ?
; \* d' x$ X5 l2 V9 g. v9 ] Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,5 Q9 Z m$ E, v
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional1 `: C& I1 q+ V" |" G: C
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation., m% q6 _, h5 z, ~1 j. D
" L( a0 `: }9 U- T, t, F! A& J
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found., Z$ A& F2 s4 Z5 Y7 ^' v2 \
""" ; \6 [. K/ f" p return 0% C9 h0 Y8 }6 ]) R% \
4 R# o% c, e5 s( b2 c( w; E) I! q
def rjust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown+ t t+ ]' O7 B) O
""" * e. w9 {, T# f" N% _ Return a right-justified string of length width.$ t0 I* s) c7 ]& x
1 N9 A8 `7 b* v* f$ j Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).8 _( i& y" H) {0 G2 o
/ Q& s# r, x+ O$ L; x 返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。% ]4 s, F# h* i! W: w
/ s) ~4 _- O% }5 q+ I9 e 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 , h$ n: q! N" ^+ C E7 o """ 6 v, x7 [& _; Q) S+ w0 v pass* [7 F+ q# [6 C& E5 {$ n3 @( O: ]
$ P* U+ B- M1 v/ G
def rpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 I2 ]0 O4 {1 c3 L' h4 }& j1 w """. M) R0 w8 C! ^0 t' g5 w5 w) R3 _
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. ( |' i4 z. ]! _- ]9 l; P# k, x! y) b
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If! V1 m0 h \7 @, q# m4 ?
the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the; ^* l: N% u$ Y# U
separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. / h; H. H2 ~% f6 Q' ^ ) k p4 U% b( T3 M( n6 c: ^! H If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings / W- ?: ^: P* a C( I4 H3 X2 u2 ~ and the original string.& r' g) h& j4 I8 Y3 P2 p
""", J; f# i( F" p
pass ! Y8 n3 v4 C0 y v; {. V+ {4 c8 |. X4 z9 L) w( r5 h" O
def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 2 M2 I# x& y, q; ^, f """ % D4 P' ?& F7 o5 D" G Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. + \8 s# ?' e5 C/ _! D# s, n# e1 Y L7 k
sep2 w; z4 O+ Y+ P9 O8 l5 } g
The delimiter according which to split the string. " n! P$ G9 x) A& X5 c" q) W None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, $ F' h+ B' V, T: ?! ?9 |9 W2 a and discard empty strings from the result. + m! _% |9 h `0 R7 W! D maxsplit 4 O% C( J8 ?) z0 r$ H Maximum number of splits to do.( K0 `4 S. `- K# p3 L
-1 (the default value) means no limit.6 t3 |% ]+ G& d5 p3 W* h+ I+ r
( N# j1 j- L$ g! m7 e
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front. ( g2 k2 |# b. M/ s* t & B @- \! |" W: ~% n2 N3 | 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。. H7 o+ C8 X8 l2 M; t
sep% y6 F/ V2 z* b/ l; _7 M3 J G5 \
用来分割字符串的分隔符。 Z2 |; |( W. m; i" Q* ~/ R5 p n: @
None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。 ' V3 z$ @" o3 f( n 9 z, W& P( C' x& s! c( q maxsplit 8 s) m% I* f* W" |) g8 J+ W 最大分割次数。5 u0 @, ~# X$ W9 Y# j2 e$ G1 h5 m
-1(默认值)表示无限制。 7 B* G: y* l: x! v 6 A0 u6 l. o( H& E' @2 |( k
劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。0 ?3 N* m# u5 r5 Z
""" + @1 R& K/ e+ |9 { U9 Y/ m pass: J" J' A7 ~7 H' f
4 V: _! d. z* D& u4 m- {! v p def rstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 2 D5 c# v% m: a' G/ ]6 g u """5 j, J- l! x# V: ?0 ^
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.7 H( D4 T W8 |. x4 [4 s
! t" V- z0 Q; B. C [3 h
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead., F+ ?& Z( C, R2 y& F; g. f
6 O6 c; C: W! b$ z& F! ? def split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" R# ~/ D) a) o6 O: a" u% O$ N* m/ `
""" " }; y& F8 U. Y7 M: C# \. | Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. / n: C3 r7 T p A' H! ? 1 c% w- c" a6 C sep - ?. Z- M' O9 [! _! ~ The delimiter according which to split the string. ! o" V! K( q6 t3 Z B# e None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, 9 Z, i* K: U% x0 X and discard empty strings from the result. " b4 I: g# _. X: u; P5 p maxsplit" K( D8 b1 ` ]+ q; m
Maximum number of splits to do.# ~8 b/ [; R9 F$ j% p
-1 (the default value) means no limit.' f: z. w; Y; Q9 l+ f# A1 N
"""6 D- n, `, @( `" W' b
pass" z. A+ I$ B5 R4 s2 R* b
# s; [( W1 b) {8 d) \8 M y( N
def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; x- @# l) e# B+ s# D1 O3 a( g """" U& Z( j8 z4 l/ Y' y
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries., V3 a- a* E. ]$ |( o
; S4 E5 C" _! p. Y; B. M4 |
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and+ t- N% e# Y+ z8 L9 |8 I7 \
true. 8 P8 }$ Q; f9 k0 _6 X* {/ ~, ] """ t" @* R' t" m6 S" q* m pass x5 o( M/ i4 d q- O* X( E 0 F4 e% R5 i; e def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__5 l6 ]3 D% V: ?& I* q
""" 0 G1 m2 u+ z, f5 [% `$ e" P S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool/ [7 V9 n7 B$ v: K8 v% d/ B8 _* i ?
! R$ n0 N8 t+ c( A0 {/ v3 o Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.' D4 W# d) U5 P3 O' E3 g
With optional start, test S beginning at that position. 8 r3 t, k' T* X) `/ E: X6 v* [1 w' ^3 u With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.9 b# m9 R9 G, E) I {" R$ q8 {3 j
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. W# Q4 M! p5 R1 `7 M """ / c' Z8 J- m7 Z& H: { return False: O$ e( @8 d+ v3 q5 `7 d# o
' L* u% ]- z% @6 I7 ? def strip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 N, R* P; A- b% t/ `2 J
""") L9 P/ [0 b& r
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.5 B. \% b7 p% f; F# w" F
8 g9 h ]$ w3 R+ D
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.3 Y& V5 B5 B3 ]# N3 w3 W" O
+ n6 J7 l! Q2 A! X( N 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。 1 I m; l3 v; W& B5 ~ """ " x1 x# _$ B9 y2 b3 A1 K pass1 z: K* s \4 u- N4 B
9 ]+ W' Y$ D, Q( d5 h
def swapcase(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 b, V# k7 b: Y7 `8 H """ Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase. """7 M: _0 U% ?! f' x/ g8 ^- Y
pass & w* p2 x' ?. K% U* s! u" F9 {, g
def title(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, a' N: L% k! [/ V! ^: {
"""( S9 `' h3 e+ _, { Y4 \
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased. : x9 Q, p7 P" W* X3 a$ B- Z , n+ ^! D! e) Y5 a2 B( S% y: S# E More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining : ?+ b; L/ Q' b3 H cased characters have lower case.' X R" w: K9 o5 x) u# W/ x- B$ g
""" 0 {! S( j F3 V5 {- d& H pass6 y, H5 U' U/ W _
/ A$ Y1 r) Y7 ^) U, p7 x def translate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown z9 Q$ @2 ]- |" ] """! H: f8 a) x; ^% X- b$ R* Z" Z0 c
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table. ; g8 |* [9 I4 m x4 q/ D0 Q F" S" q6 R1 N+ I
table * F w( S5 ^3 M& w% v1 n* _% f Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to * D! L# a7 }: r% m6 K) U Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. * |0 {$ u, E c' C( w ' w, B {7 k* G8 `3 |9 J( p$ R0 T The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a : Y, ], \) K! m4 ?3 ~; w dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is8 ]: l3 c6 a4 x5 `
left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.0 @' V& P; }0 _
""" 5 }' N8 @ @, c, ~" W# w: Q; W1 i6 w pass - U+ O+ C0 U) W: C# @9 R & l$ ~: I: z( A def upper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown2 A6 `2 @1 F* w" U5 b* z1 r' J
""" Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase. """ / Z5 R ~* Z. O& {/ w' g pass) [ R) f9 {! [7 }# t/ Z
" g% X, E1 T5 Q' r$ j
def zfill(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown , r7 M8 S# @) ~$ B5 }# C# |3 a """ ( @: t1 O" _$ }0 B2 | Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.$ U) D# q+ D% Z- a: w4 i/ D
5 q3 ] U7 j0 l* l
The string is never truncated.9 F, C1 ?1 E5 M0 M% p: J1 U0 S
""" 5 j$ A6 P, \3 |% | pass $ e5 J! o& ~* E; i3 z# C . K# D }7 h1 X% K/ }/ Q def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown . N1 Q; b* ~7 z1 [6 W, A5 K """ Return self+value. """ 8 h/ ~4 }' x. D! P2 P+ g pass& K9 U& C/ g; b7 A
) Y- e* ~2 ~2 Y
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * ~" o7 g, m9 S$ C$ @& P """ Return key in self. """ 8 a1 H0 J7 t3 {% h4 k: O P5 Y pass 0 j7 f8 D# w& @ 0 `8 i5 }2 w- N" c- a0 F/ f def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; d: f1 K# ~$ N9 h
""" Return self==value. """2 f2 m n Z$ J0 z" `
pass- \- ^9 h& Q3 P5 l$ o" l
1 Z2 i/ U8 h7 U* [# }& h def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 6 v* O6 q0 d" Z) x& Q- A """ Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec. """( n: G; X8 Z5 W
pass / R! Y) o% t. l. @2 Z- _( }1 y" f+ u9 b, r5 z' x
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! \+ v" w0 ?, ?. X$ S* t' } """ Return getattr(self, name). """ " i9 [6 J. ^- A& c" E" f% W pass( |# p9 W c4 L8 L
" l# f" w! @. g def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown6 J4 N( R2 k7 x1 c
""" Return self[key]. """ ( w& [& X* Q T$ x! u pass- V( V$ Y c( B9 X
( |1 I/ S5 a0 D. ` w* T
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, c* ]! h" m) P' Z+ W( Q9 r# v7 ~
pass [! w% ^7 X, w7 t. N' S0 i' U3 m
) c$ Z- f% V, l1 F7 w0 l
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown K) v" t. E. ~/ J7 F' ^2 E """ Return self>=value. """2 r9 y1 z# E6 e" d* E$ _+ z: F
pass 6 {9 \ A, T, L+ x6 f, m- t: N3 Z& i8 d/ @0 |) R! ?! Y2 G
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown " Y1 `4 L' L: R- ] """ Return self>value. """1 G/ q5 I0 y% I' |& ]( X8 A* e5 z
pass1 j) F0 w7 `/ a# b# U; z+ D
/ s; l' h: v, J def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" T! F0 w- T( G4 f3 C/ y( y0 y7 W4 o
""" Return hash(self). """( h$ m$ [8 [1 y% ]: c' s
pass1 L3 o7 `3 [' j' a
: Y; I0 @1 B+ U5 }# p* b
def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__3 N6 n6 m# U, d
""" 2 a9 A9 q$ P6 x \ X str(object='') -> str! F- ?5 k# y4 s; N$ F' q
str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str5 G8 W* j% t! C! R/ t8 C
3 g' l" S0 l: \
Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or 2 M$ q: \; j3 E, l. ? errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer , r7 A* j0 q9 Q- N! A9 j that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler. % s/ W- W, b" X Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)1 _. T/ I8 r6 x! D- u
or repr(object).& j" J* |, `, i4 t1 k0 y& M) e
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). ( X2 u; {) u$ Q( {1 ~ errors defaults to 'strict'. ! d' O7 L& v/ y* Y" ~( G # (copied from class doc) . O- t9 A! f) K$ K, b """ 8 M U3 ?8 t, [ pass ! }- C4 a( k& h# n% Y8 Z+ i7 r m( E2 `; e
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown7 r3 d3 Q8 p) a
""" Implement iter(self). """" B: p V: j* g, c% s; j" v5 R
pass8 h$ x3 s2 l$ z) |
7 p2 J' V9 J7 ]: M* r def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown- N+ d& H) n0 v
""" Return len(self). """ 7 \# s) {. N. b- I pass+ @2 g3 M$ T0 Z, D x5 a- j
2 X+ `8 o! ~" T6 R9 d
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown9 [+ ^; U6 q6 W- a- M5 M
""" Return self<=value. """ + A; D( R0 G$ w; P pass: J8 U' G4 u- G5 L" x
" Z& Q% B( m% p* Q5 x, g def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown* p6 \2 Q3 u" ?& M* ~: E- f
""" Return self<value. """: g, |5 J! {# a) z
pass: h q/ ^% G3 b7 V8 j* z6 w
H% r, q, ~, s8 L1 P
def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; r1 r8 T% V6 X9 g2 }+ R3 W
""" Return self%value. """6 @1 v7 E* ?' F, W+ A
pass0 Q8 u; o+ n( h, E f9 ?
1 G W( c3 Y; w5 J
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 v7 o8 a- B& s) o """ Return self*value. """3 A; I- [- Y8 f* \% V i
pass$ U6 X+ V g& A, T8 o" Z
$ D" Q2 o2 B k! p& s0 G( ?5 l
@staticmethod # known case of __new__ 4 L l; u! z$ F def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 e) f5 N: U6 d L/ l' L """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """7 K3 G' @7 T" O3 n
pass , o4 c6 S8 m# S9 y' g; W. k! p! f, w; B! N% O( ^2 Z8 s1 m
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ! t2 W7 g. V: Q% m5 Q* T' k """ Return self!=value. """- O9 ^$ z. s/ l" l' l( z
pass # z0 Q2 \9 L* L# b ! N! O, Q$ @3 Q def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ A5 `& [6 Y8 @ a """ Return repr(self). """1 C8 z0 D6 H2 C0 A9 q6 v
pass + V" ~8 p: J6 J. I: L- m$ V0 N/ m# V
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 7 U: t8 j! K9 N6 ~. S6 ? """ Return value%self. """( B- O+ V/ q# L; F/ }) \ H
pass% o, \/ m c* g$ j, M/ O6 a: C
& c% t8 P' ~5 @
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown `: I5 m5 \# a- _7 ` """ Return value*self. """ + q }8 f" ?1 e' U( f& c pass - C/ ]* k7 P% q+ r - m4 x' u' u) h7 n1 \/ _ def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 L+ d& Z1 {6 J% B+ T% i. w* h """ Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes. """ 6 N- L/ j/ J3 \% K' M) s pass8 @! k7 U! [5 }% K2 W N
% i5 o4 u3 q6 }" x: m$ l
def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % D* Z: o* a0 r+ v0 [ """ Return str(self). """* A6 e$ ?$ o5 S' z5 [6 W
pass " w# {+ g# X6 _9 V7 ` 9 L. l; p2 G8 k6 E- @. R, ~1 . ` e7 S/ e0 `; z* ^4 w& P2 + E }4 f1 P2 d9 } @3 ! I, C: \8 w% G' q4: J) g3 @. a: \6 D9 R
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15 5 b# u5 s9 Q5 Y8 s, M5 Z16% O% o. Z) A5 G- t0 ^" V
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32 1 V3 j. K8 q% u+ `/ {" u$ Q333 m+ L% n6 ?, }! r
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368 f8 {9 d) u+ z) y+ ?9 |8 |. R
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39 : c1 I" `4 v+ q8 B5 ~! p. E3 d$ K400 \& {5 |: w& o7 D
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43 " P- A) L) t2 u8 `% q44 j9 R; x" s( A9 _45. h4 M4 }9 T3 b* M) H6 p+ T) V
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52 L% \" |. H+ X% l! n) {* i53; L* I4 _1 I J. i! [
54 ! e4 H# g* F2 Z7 v% X55; d# B1 r7 M, B5 J$ k: J
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576 W' i! J4 R7 i+ L3 w9 v4 l
58 ! q+ z; e. d$ o59 ' f% u1 L n2 O4 o( w6 D! y$ ?60# M5 [5 a6 y/ U$ g
61 " F- q4 V& o) _% U/ v62 - U5 e& @+ K. b63" b% N) b. o, U* A8 M o
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67 6 I, [+ r' u# t( v; W+ K68 4 }1 w+ [$ w: M+ v0 P& I699 b) C# u( l* X7 @" }
702 C: i2 U9 b, s) [/ G: q9 w5 A
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72 " d2 T) r1 J. M* F73 5 `2 @+ o: V& C3 p2 n746 \4 G. |1 u& G- P* w/ c& u" k
75 ) q3 O0 Z; r/ Z, m763 A1 Y: S! w4 b
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89, v8 i1 h8 n3 O+ j |4 @/ e( ?8 G: P% B# Q
904 f; i& c( q- N' t
913 x* K# U# _+ y4 u) t
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93 0 g* T( g* ] k1 X7 V6 _. ] S1 E! P& x! c94 # v5 S7 m% Q) x' v1 h950 S( M3 @6 S: s% C" o9 f& u
96 0 f% I" @ @' K( h. h97+ x6 w* D$ h6 s1 f; N
98 2 Q) t' W0 X, {$ ~! i99 % s& `0 y1 e/ R1005 d* j3 s) `, p. W2 [+ H" I
101+ q. f" b/ n- d" B" M6 Z. v" L
1024 {2 R* S+ J# y( K
103+ M3 E' } @. u, G4 g0 \
104 ; p, X# t! @# |; |! o) |2 n2 h105; m y [0 ^8 q& P2 V. }
106 1 {! M( n. \1 T; K* Q* u$ C1077 w* H1 t) a, ]. V
108( W) O- }* G. o4 O
109 ' \+ l# [5 N1 ~5 x* P' A110% D; D% v( P, O e+ a" x
111 1 b" D6 w5 M% f G4 Y112 * u/ F7 f" L, s4 n) f113 a+ w3 r4 q5 v
114. x/ Z9 e8 W4 j3 N8 Q ~( g5 C
115 3 Z. O; @) l' w& ~116 w% p- J9 Y9 |- u+ b/ N
1178 P1 o% c6 I; N
118 3 g' A' E' U: \0 h119 8 G; V0 X: W7 d5 W) Z. D8 n120 # V1 T- R" ~7 S. U( w121. V8 n; z5 s7 T2 [) G0 P9 Z2 Y
122 7 _2 `/ ]: o3 Q- P+ E) ?123 * D2 G% U, d; i- N( z' F124 ; ~/ G+ N( P2 f. F$ Y: B# U125/ n. H/ y# L o5 v) I
126 - b& W# h8 \) S5 n( d) `! }8 f127 5 M5 j: j+ Q6 o2 L# J' T, c1 L128 # Q, I* E6 f% \% I6 K; q2 \129 ) W7 K/ f8 T# B6 r# P9 |130 # z1 ~2 s/ R1 Q, p6 N9 ?131 ) |2 ^, r% ?. w5 Z' f& E- s132 5 ^% u$ @0 ]1 y2 J0 b1339 d% [" J6 G& _3 J1 Q
134 4 G) @& L3 A" {# e! {) |135+ b' g+ a \" K% q* X) ^! d( [9 x
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139 # p; }; ]0 |5 f# e9 \' v0 @140 - }8 ^1 H' H9 T5 E4 ~9 y141 5 o. I9 S# k4 o) f- {142* J, i8 R, Q: P$ S; `
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153 ; O% Q) g# U3 n* F; O# m" h154 / _3 B6 U. B# Z4 t9 s7 ~1553 N6 ?0 I8 J Q
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164 0 C/ Q2 d7 X5 f* Y1 N' X165 6 A7 u) ?, A$ d; s. @166; C( b l$ N! d/ |* T
167 " P2 }% N9 S; V0 ]8 a1 g168 6 v' Q/ T( J9 V5 D6 O; y7 \2 A169 ( ^1 Q5 v' x9 m. c r" K4 ?- Y) |170 , [- o( s/ O$ U, n" l# f8 D171 . w/ v- |7 Q @, W) d) F3 w1729 [. ^1 J; r- `% r+ g
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176 # `3 B3 e; v8 I' Q1 z8 Y177 * G7 k" Y% C$ w2 K178* A0 j* u. t: R$ A8 p- \! O
179 ) O/ N. {" h# L180 6 n1 Y- \3 \+ O5 X! H/ n; j5 P4 g, p181 H- g$ C4 r& X5 z2 p1829 B- z/ g2 S9 V. `7 s. R
183( i# Y2 V" `8 M8 g+ x3 N6 } a& ?
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185 5 Q$ i( t9 T$ @( _. F3 y9 m% S1861 Z5 |4 R: V* o6 n p8 T
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194 / ~, k% @+ l* p! s* X195& @6 p0 b* j6 m7 ?
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202 ! e2 s$ \+ b8 o. Z) j: [203 % ^% Z7 D) e% F5 W! V204 & x# T% U6 Q( l$ n205 - x6 v% [9 k' B' x206 \$ v7 W5 `# D3 U/ C- U
2074 ?' q) ? d# e _6 R( J6 s6 W2 J
208. b. d1 ?- V. I& e
209 $ B) |4 K. j$ z' H3 N) ~210 ) i4 @. A; e' Y# B' ^211' r1 v& F4 A$ w0 {5 Y
212 / E( B( O6 j& Q213+ Z' w, n$ O- D v. ], Y3 Q% k- ~
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215 $ Y* \7 Z8 |1 P2 F2168 t7 w1 J k; W9 s, o
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229 - }8 r- P$ B# G3 Y2307 u7 V5 }; ~# [8 ^
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232$ W# }9 Z8 Q$ {! N
233 z3 U4 `& G! z% N0 x* E234- D: l7 v* ?6 _
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237 2 n7 }) k6 Z8 ?2 x/ o6 q: S238 J+ H: p6 e4 W X; [8 C2394 ~, y3 I& o6 O+ E
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241 : A/ ?8 T. K/ n/ C242" q+ l- \7 j3 D0 v7 }
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495! U# A1 E3 x+ t
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500 " w& T" ]- k8 O$ R7 F0 | S# l# l501+ V) s. B+ _- P7 y1 G$ D
502 5 d3 g( }7 l" ^+ w$ t# O503 % R/ Q" O: a- A/ Z F9 n504' y2 G# `/ V' y" A& Y
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5106 r3 l3 N& @& c" H5 r
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515 9 Z% [1 x/ _. G: [516 , X7 m0 J* v$ V% {5171 E7 d4 X) q8 m; `, I5 h* B
5182 k0 V% [, F# a- ?
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585 3 @- m8 B1 T( i! Q% m9 ~! G586 * ?+ e& P5 [. }, \8 K! L587( [" {2 S S/ Y7 H
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612 / R& b& Q& g- J3 ^2 e613 Q( q* s# S8 v2 P+ ~
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617 9 D# |. y4 {2 h0 i8 \- O) V' R6 P1 B6180 w V/ b7 F4 r
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634- Q! p" N" o1 m# B; X1 N
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636( c8 s0 G3 \: N9 H' G$ c! A
1.字符串操作符+ W: o+ D" Z" d3 S% g+ k2 X' W
操作符 描述8 q D% Q6 b9 u4 G L
+ x+y,连接两个字符串x和y* }! P& _5 k& ]+ R! D5 Z5 P
* x*n或n*x,复制n次字符串x. i) j5 K4 {0 P S
in x in s,如果x是s的字串,返回True,否则返回False5 Y; U" }5 o5 x' h4 `% t" I$ ^
2.字符串处理函数 , T: u; p5 C2 T' S+ L3 G& E' e函数 描述 ; b% ~6 ~: D( F" g# N* O" g$ Dlen(x) 返回字符串x的长度,也可返回其它组合数据类型元素的个数 ! e( p( p. \9 n. |" z6 E2 x. ^str(x) 返回任意类型x所对应的字符串形式2 s; O- T) M' x' ]3 s
char(x) 返回Unicode编码x对应的单字符 / h$ h* C1 v( O% O j+ i3 ^" {* [ord(x) 返回x表示的Unicode编码 4 w+ ]$ g8 q1 Q; \, h) } {hex(x) 返回整数x对应十六进制的小写形式字符串 3 e, m# K9 j; [oct(x) 返回整数x对应八进制的小写形式字符串 4 V* u r! p2 F$ h, q+ N+ C4 B3.字符串处理方法 ( E4 x5 O% Z: Z方法 描述# Y& } ?; j4 c3 O9 X: D
s.lower() 字符串s全部转为小写 2 y1 J5 p. H7 q! E5 a& W. S1 ?2 Ms.upper() 字符串s全部转为大写 ' z" V. ~( f$ xs.split(sep=None) 返回一个列表,由s根据sep被分割的部分构成,省略sep默认以空格分割 " k- a" m3 @' r! hs.count(sub) 返回字串sub出现的次数9 _9 O; T" {: i. _
s.replace(old, new) 返回字符串s的副本,所有old字串被替换为new4 T- r' ]- w; f* G
s.center(width, fillchar) 字符串居中函数,fillchar参数可选 * w9 m, W5 F9 L6 Ys.strip(chars) 从字符串s中去掉咋其左侧和右侧chars中出现的字符6 o0 |* l# O$ R r4 ~
s.join(iter) 将iter变量的每一个元素增加一个s字符串 ! { N& d8 S2 d, |4.字符串的查询操作 6 r: P. y5 T7 p( a" ?# r方法名称 作用 ) @2 T1 o+ v# [index() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常1 ~7 \1 ?7 q8 t8 h( \
rindex() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常9 e2 k Z. j' Q x* ~: g' ~
find() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1 I! d) c8 H1 x0 h- d- i1 v
rfind() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-18 u5 k$ R; D( D/ M0 d' C4 D6 ?+ v3 E
''' 1 W" I( N3 H0 ]1 T% e; {. r% v/ yindex()查找第一次出现的位置 抛异常1 H0 v) w+ d; _9 L+ a% ~8 U
rindex()查找最后一次次出现的位置 抛异常 7 S) f+ p; _: \1 p 7 c" N* i: K1 v9 J: g, Gfind()查找第一次出现的位置 不抛异常,返回值为-13 Z% w2 e9 u9 \. }. n: T
rfind()查找最后一次出现的位置 抛异常 . c- w2 U, G/ G+ J# B! a) [( `( G''' 4 d* S0 y, ]" F( J& Vs = 'hello,hello' ! A1 B( `+ }7 h- b. Vprint(s.index('o')); y! l' X$ F d% q3 K- S
print(s.rindex('o')) 3 r4 g/ @9 M9 Z2 B/ f7 {; Dprint(s.find('lo')) % |2 e! D W+ R& I5 g" Jprint(s.find('ui')) # -1 9 o0 ]0 u2 l! f3 X. n1 # z* h0 p: ~# v# X- j2 ' w2 P$ X+ S) M3 $ g6 X& Q4 H2 G4 {. R4 & E7 W/ W% X, M y8 A# Y0 Z/ B5 ! X5 b5 P4 A2 R/ n' y% {- \6' }. Y4 N3 L2 n% E$ O' Z' @
78 x& q& H t7 \+ @
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11 " y3 r4 l4 Y! }( g) D: ]125 X1 R) ~+ @% f0 V3 P: n; q2 L
$ ^" u6 g/ B* t0 l& H 0 h' {# K, b2 q9 ?0 v& Q5.字符串大小写转换操作1 m' j' s K. y/ a# G8 }; [1 X
方法 作用: l& g! ?9 J, p# S* H V4 F
upper() 把所有的字符串转换为大写字母6 j( ^- M# S" s: Q/ E+ O% f
lower() 把所有的字符串转换为小写字母 + c- f/ W& m1 e& b& jswapcase() 将大写字符转换为小写字符,将小写字符转换为大写字符。6 R5 ?4 h6 E, {
capitalize() 使第一个字符为大写字母,其余字符为小写字母8 W1 L2 `7 R5 A" R7 T7 Y* g; a
title() 返回字符串的一个版本,其中每个单词都有标题。更具体地说,单词以大写字母开头,其余都以大写字母开头区分大小写的字符小写。 5 H# }/ I! [ P& f# 字符串的大小写转换7 n* y! V6 M1 q/ P# x! l
# 1.upper()把字符串中的所有字符转为大写4 q: z+ P; h ~2 i
# 2.lower()把字符串中的所有字符都转换为小写 O! ^0 X% J* a
# 3.swap case() 大转小,小转大 2 o5 o- B( b; u4 ]7 {% L% n5 T# 4.capitalize()把第一个字符转为大写,其余字符转为小写+ e7 C' o6 r: P7 |! ?- }
# 5.title()把字符串首字母转换为大写,把剩余的转换为小写 q% _1 o4 |' Q | f% g. |3 d6 R e: w: w0 E5 T
s = 'hellopython'2 Y- _( L! _$ c( y1 M
print(s.upper()) # 转大写 + b" F- f4 J2 E( Uprint(s.lower()) # 转换后id改变,会产生一个新的空间 " j1 v* Q$ g% a! o/ Y- r$ G! ^print(s.swapcase())9 T# q) u' n6 j( I% f! j( n# W
print(s.capitalize()) 2 u$ B! R! y0 F. Y; r$ s: j m' cprint(s.title()); l" H, p: I& N% N% { e \! c
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7 @6 O& x! w$ q) d8 ]6.字符串内容对齐操作方法 ' o3 z+ Z$ P; W5 {/ Y方法 作用( P- Q& c8 D' V% n
center(width,'') 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。2 `8 M% M3 \$ G3 C' B9 _% m
ljust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。$ T' S Z7 i* P+ k
rjust(width,' ') 返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。9 Z1 j1 u4 z3 K u( A
zfill('int') 在左侧填充数字字符串,以填充给定宽度的字段。字符串永远不会被截断。 * n' I8 Y+ e: ^8 t: n$ s'''字符串的对其操作''' - N. p) l$ T0 S( d# 1.center 居中对齐 S3 e( c: T3 R1 K& is = 'hello,python' 4 L; _5 u- r2 jprint(s.center(100, '*')) 0 ^% h4 s3 O& G; C( S + W( R4 X# n- w* }* g8 l# 2.ljust 左对齐. S# e# w) _1 L A H' O
print(s.ljust(100, '*'))/ ?) j/ Z# l) M8 p# k
% h. v! w% M- w, f3 g! C
# 3.rjust 右对齐 - h' W* j% K0 H" C& ^& \- Kprint(s.rjust(100, '*'))" m7 y% X& w5 e8 S9 E
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# 3.zfill 右对齐,左侧为0填充5 ^# C; J6 o: c8 @) E* P P% B, R
print(s.zfill(100))2 ]5 a3 i! h7 O8 E9 ^" Y# o
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7.字符串的劈分操作 " D# w9 H/ G9 u7 ?. ]. {: Z# x方法 作用 ! L |! j4 A- a- fsplit() 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。sep用来分割字符串的分隔符。None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。maxsplit最大分割次数。-1(默认值)表示无限制。 J: ?. X6 B' a
rsplit() 返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。sep用来分割字符串的分隔符。None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。maxsplit最大分割次数。-1(默认值)表示无限制。劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。 " v% d/ t' i; D6 |$ e$ e# 字符串的劈分操作 split" T; ~' ]1 [( @
# 1. split从字符串左侧开始分割,默认值为空格字符串,返回值是一个列表4 L9 c5 g9 M, d$ N2 i) A' F5 j! s
# 以通过参数sep指定劈分字符串是劈分符3 l8 |: Z5 q. a {
# 通过maxsplit指定劈分字符串的最大劈分次数 % h' N; {: @7 P, t& A5 j6 S" t* G: m4 k7 k
s = 'hello#world#python' + n4 Q! Z0 v+ G3 Olst = s.split('#')# \$ p* n' e: T
print(lst) 8 V; d: w! y2 ~- as1 = 'hello|world|python'$ [/ j! @* B' h# v2 @$ ]
print(s1.split()) + k9 N, K3 Y& I8 E5 ], tprint(s1.split(sep='|'))5 C* f% I- w# {# g' V* i3 L
print(s1.split())4 [; Z' A- t/ K" i% R; Q
s1 = 'hello|world|python'; M- n* X, n8 P
print(s1.split()) 2 C0 a9 O& Y; L1 aprint(s1.split(sep='|', maxsplit=1)) 5 h6 V& ]4 Z9 R* ~# 以参数sep 指定劈分字符串是劈分符 : @! s! ^" n: B) _: W* ^8 ]: R. n, uprint('-----------------------')- K- A7 `) h: r& A, Q8 i4 a/ K3 E0 x
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# 2.rsplit 从右侧开始劈分 - S4 v b: j6 [1 |7 e" aprint(s1.rsplit(sep='|', maxsplit=1))0 q. j6 j, o" X- ^. S! h