" q1 R- z: G9 \& H+ ^2.什么叫字符串的驻留机制+ ?/ U. g! q* S! P
仅保存一份相同且不可变字符串的方法,不同的值会被保存在字符串的驻留池中。* P* V9 i; F3 ?- z. M4 Y
3 l: u9 D* J, v0 p4 P; C9 r8 g; iPython的驻留机制会对相同的字符串只保留一份拷贝,后续创建相同的字符串时,不会开辟新的空间,而是把字符串的地址付给新创建的变量。9 H/ f. \5 o @$ m5 l0 f
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-& O; E( O' V5 P! v5 ~3 Z. F
# @FILE : demo24.py& ~5 Q j( _( F9 ~' k8 d0 u
# @author: Flyme awei 0 H9 U0 P& I! e/ F, o3 X/ o# @Email : 1071505897@qq.com 5 s0 m0 f9 ]' d: I; y# u' z# {% c# @time : 2022/8/11 16:07; ]( w/ O u2 ]( f1 c& e
5 h2 @! J: V) p4 B- _" t! y2 B) w + A. G- F8 t# v; l# [a = 'python') ?3 d+ ^8 K- W/ P9 [
b = "python" . f2 N9 \( v1 C A! [2 mc = '''python'''% u0 U! u* e8 s8 y: D4 ?
print(a, id(a)) $ z, B2 C3 Q+ Y) v: \- B' Zprint(b, id(b)) & R+ h! q' R2 xprint(c, id(c)) ! p/ o: f- u0 n+ l1: N4 S' T3 a5 t0 |# v' \5 P6 r* Y
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13 ( q/ G3 B& J2 K N7 s2 v* Z# e" A + q7 s9 I/ Y+ u. r, o3.字符串驻留机制的几种情况(交互式): h' q( G( s( F& O1 B9 C
字符串的长度为13 M5 j4 n4 m) B$ t4 \: p
符合标识符的字符串(只包含字母,数字,下划线)2 L. K+ G! @6 b! o! [& {$ L
字符串只在编译是进行驻留,而非运行时 5 f' F" f% k, L ~4 n" r5 R8 ^& i k- C[-5,256]之间的整数数字: \5 c* n( l4 s' A7 J4 p
>>> s1 = ''0 l7 y3 x& O: j( j6 o# j
>>> s2 = ''1 u4 D+ e9 [1 r5 {* W+ W
>>> s1 is s2 7 {( G% p+ O' i5 c9 W% }True * U4 r1 S3 Z* o# X) G8 l4 F8 Y9 {# }>>>1 W! _7 {" x2 h
>>> s1 = 'a' ! Y; A% l1 ~ ?! K# Q. Q# j>>> s2 = 'a' : }+ T/ `6 R! y" l>>> s1 is s2 $ t( u P* r/ e$ ?True+ Y% m9 {' r8 L3 h4 ] R7 e# q
>>> " ]3 q: e9 l9 [& K9 d9 U>>> s1 = 'abc_def' ; `( c" J5 h5 c- t6 ]- |>>> s2 = 'abc_def'! q- V& |. D# u7 y
>>> s1 is s2 u8 |4 {9 U2 @! X) G! uTrue, ]8 i( W4 I" m! _% o/ b' R
>>> s1 = 'abc%def' ) w9 d, d2 p' Z>>> s2 = 'abc%def' / v+ Q A8 X: i+ ?1 N. X>>> s1 == s2/ a' H! X& ?0 w) P- g6 f
True( h7 E' N9 w6 m* {/ g- S( r
>>> s1 is s24 ?5 A A* l8 x! Q7 e7 Q/ f8 }1 ?; b
False 4 f, _) c0 H& |; y* i0 [>>>+ |( U5 ?- z7 ~. H, M
>>> a = 256 ' Y3 z! Y5 F [* R6 N3 X+ m* S>>> b = 2566 {& ~7 r- }5 V- A) d
>>> a is b ; W+ D/ x! d; |+ z0 HTrue 9 p+ o$ a4 X7 _6 ~0 V>>> a = 257" Z7 P. A& q8 y8 G. Y
>>> b = 257 2 R) s: k3 ]6 ^7 a2 Q# }0 r2 P>>> a is b. o1 \! \ |' ^, W
False 2 D# W/ G( I9 W. ^7 g8 N>>> a == b 1 g5 _% p( c; G4 E* j _True ' y: n9 C+ n% k& O- v! A3 T5 z>>> : o! e7 l# s9 {* d I
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4.强制2个字符串指向同一个对象 1 o1 q1 o9 {! S- r B$ A( r fsys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象5 R. A- D5 ^* p+ z6 ~
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'''sys中的intern方法强制两个字符串指向同一个对象''') `& v7 l# R+ C, T# C6 @
import sys ; T6 ?( S9 Q: |& ]- E: t# V, Da = 'abc%'& U1 E; R" ^# I! {, C1 M
b = 'abc%': x, z' _( N- S
print(a is b) # True9 d6 `) E( C' O
a = sys.intern(b) e) d% a) A4 D% }# n+ ^" n
print(id(a), id(b)) # 2989905230512 2989905230512 : v' i( a( q' I% u 2 y1 B" v2 c( |9 e. V* b+ j+ A! A5 `1 6 }2 f% b7 ?: d2 f2) V+ x# y/ e# |# O
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8 # S8 D# A8 J H( F( O, e" n5. PyCharm对字符串进行了优化处理6 q E+ e1 `8 K0 F: X8 @
6.字符串驻留机制的优缺点0 ~, D) w$ R% j/ m- O$ M. [7 u' z
当需要值相同的字符串时,可以直接从字符串池里拿来使用,避免频繁的创建和销毁,提升效率和节约内存,因此拼接字符串和修改字符串是会比较影响性能的。 / N$ V" r3 `6 E4 D7 k! @ 2 u. C# T, j/ ]0 k9 |$ Z 在需要进行字符串拼接时建议使用 str类型的join方法,而非+ ,因为join()方法是先计算出所有字符中的长度,然后再拷贝,只new一次对象,效率要比"+"效率高 。* l, @ d! X9 N! J% V' w
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二、字符串类型的操作5 a1 Z8 z1 |' r5 {
Python类str内置源码:. ^. H0 b3 n; r- d/ Q4 Z
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class str(object):3 c* s% e( U3 b* y! U1 h) P* Z# E/ |
"""; \3 X' T% F0 Y; l) a
str = "(对象)——> str # Z6 U- N8 f3 Y8 N4 s' N+ m) _! k- V1 G% }1 B. F8 ^+ F
Str (bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> Str ' ^ z9 ]+ }5 y1 P1 S # Q7 u$ }% I5 m/ w 从给定的对象创建一个新的字符串对象。如果编码或,则对象必须公开数据缓冲区 0 G9 U5 p6 h1 ?8 U! @ 将使用给定的编码和错误处理程序进行解码。 ! H4 {% e! f1 E1 C# R4 Y 1 `0 t L$ [6 x
否则,返回object.__str__()的结果(如果已定义)或repr(对象)。 . b3 u7 b7 _9 _/ o/ C 1 e" S# t0 F* M+ i. ?0 w
编码默认为sys.getdefaultencoding()。; {! z; H2 K, f) ?9 b% D+ M
( m. d7 J9 A, Q- E# c Errors默认为'strict'。 * C0 j% P, Z* } """ " L5 @2 c6 M$ u/ }+ x def capitalize(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" y& b" r9 R0 q# u! @7 D: _
""" : A1 i3 l, Z; C" v! e6 \" c Return a capitalized version of the string. 9 W h) F$ S# R. w$ r: V! B' ?$ i* _. h$ G% Y0 p0 W4 d$ w0 {
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower " q9 v) L. J, Q case. , N6 L- Y6 I$ i/ s4 j# H4 a# I """ 5 J3 F1 f4 X$ S3 B3 C% q pass : ~/ `! u* `/ a/ c6 ] : A( O9 [. K/ }% V9 q* c& N def casefold(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * Z6 [7 W0 Y% X- K; S( c9 W( ] """ Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons. """ , Q8 R1 t- s/ O( z6 Y7 j! k$ A pass2 v+ B j; [% o, m
5 A' v [& c c: v6 ^+ Q1 T def center(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown. S/ p! u+ J( q$ o, g* L
""" 5 _( S0 c1 K2 }3 a4 R 返回一个居中长度为width的字符串。 2 K" m8 j9 A& q4 w% |4 M9 d. D& }) q
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。2 y- Q( }4 O. ?+ k
""" & M; L9 A1 g! |- m$ _: a pass8 _2 q0 y8 T0 j+ e: z' V
% \2 V* n7 P$ s: \6 C7 g! \4 F& _
def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ ! C8 l' U8 t4 R+ P C$ O# b& z """ 5 i+ L) h3 @5 d7 U1 |7 ]. `, B0 F) @: Z S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> & ^* C% n& u: R9 t, ?* v ?! L/ V! w' {7 F. {$ u
int .count(sub[, start[, end]]返回子字符串sub in不重叠出现的次数 5 G7 I) ^( k# @& ]. e8 F4 L, Q 3 ]! H6 ~# u5 K# q) U 字符串(开始:结束)。可选参数start和end是用切片表示法解释。 5 @2 u8 G; j9 v- i$ @ """/ w5 Q6 S6 d8 J2 A$ P
return 0 / L' a" I6 O' e, U: f4 x! `9 T8 X& E# W% G3 t& A
def encode(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' F1 \4 Y9 H( E1 ] """& L* ?. G1 H8 Z! U2 i8 A) e
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding. 9 B q. z4 @& Y# K' t + ]% T" R: z/ A& f encoding0 k% n& H: A7 C/ D3 ?
The encoding in which to encode the string.; i: A0 _2 t* Q# [1 @
errors. ` c- _2 S* `
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors.: h }: U6 d4 J ], l4 G
The default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a % h, M: L+ C" p, p& d UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and* w% e0 s& E) b% `
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with % b5 h. D) a" U2 G( X codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. 8 p$ n+ Y0 A- e2 e& K( B. A : T3 C _/ x) d3 @3 b1 w$ I, k 使用注册用于编码的编解码器对字符串进行编码。+ ?. G/ Y9 y I7 U) V2 n6 V
: D7 W* k3 e6 G5 T, l 编码 . X8 X. V7 `. c5 S+ P, s# r 用于编码字符串的编码方式。 % m8 D) l$ l( ~. t4 Y2 J/ H3 D9 C 错误 2 s& R0 t; g+ A" f- e 用于编码错误的错误处理方案。5 b; _! M/ e+ Y ~% d9 j( y! A! ?
默认值是'strict',意味着编码错误会引发UnicodeEncodeError。 ; ~3 C" w, b) l 其他可能的值有'ignore', 'replace'和'xmlcharrefreplace'以及注册的任何其他名称编解码器。 7 p# r: I- a4 K, c5 i: Z: a 可以处理UnicodeEncodeErrors的register_error。 1 l! q+ ?: v4 X. v1 V e2 A/ [4 b """ & k, G% W/ w! e/ V0 \ pass0 M2 z$ j. u" k3 b% d. V! c: q
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def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__; q& ]: N$ b' {/ B6 q5 n7 {$ @. B
""" $ O& H: E7 x% \; m S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool6 y8 H. p4 @( x% A$ G7 C+ R
/ R7 M& ~' T; S Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. # [5 h9 ], w1 e* y' _2 J/ h P# m9 D With optional start, test S beginning at that position. % |3 A: ^" L! K4 U+ n+ W With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.+ s& [3 [, e6 E7 {
suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. ! W* K c( B" m """! i% V+ O" ]( Z" T: z
return False0 A) h+ ]: v/ k3 e* p8 V
* T" u# H: x6 [) x. h def expandtabs(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 T, {! r4 ~: r N/ C6 o( J7 h8 `4 Q
"""2 W t3 w/ A3 X# K1 N% U# v
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.! D5 N* [8 F Z. h, p% J
" S- c& H6 y0 n, A9 }5 [
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.: I6 x a# E6 g& j0 \9 L% U
"""! E3 n+ ]# @+ T- I/ P/ ?& t
pass& w4 ]: c* J V, a3 d l
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def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__& _9 g5 q/ P8 R( O* r5 s
""" ' {' N: E! c; k S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int . ]7 o5 ?6 G: |5 a' Z( \$ [% s: H$ ^5 o: v' @6 Y8 g. j% _
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,. q0 ~4 G8 S! G7 v- F9 h6 f9 E
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional+ G3 ?) x. G& z; n* ~5 C9 X1 m
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. / {+ I6 L# R, L$ f# D1 C , @/ r: n# _$ T$ O0 X Return -1 on failure. ( U5 C) E) \9 p+ z" d$ ]9 r' R " w% X, w$ P+ D- s! ~+ j S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int # p: _7 l' ~, y' Y: [0 ~: a: i9 Q( e# T
返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。 / F- u- P2 U, z: M5 G3 ] 可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。) {( B9 ^4 O0 t# \6 R. S5 p' v \ d
" F! e( V5 }- o! {5 _+ a def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format( K5 d9 d3 |! r" t9 F
"""# W* f+ s% Z8 b! f/ g5 c9 L
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str5 T, [! j: n5 _+ m: ?' g1 _! _
1 x4 _; G1 v4 [! \5 S- g* a Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. : r6 T; G' ?/ E6 ^2 W1 w! q The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). : d- o) _8 c2 @( B7 }. p8 ]( c5 _0 S1 }+ s( f" w. X( s
S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str# f3 n3 v+ B* E% g& u" b2 }
) w! {+ t0 G: {* g) r% E6 x$ u
使用args和kwargs的替换,返回S的格式化版本。 ; M7 N2 B5 k$ h1 {: l$ K5 m: E' o 替换由大括号('{'和'}')标识。+ Z9 F4 F1 x! t3 C! e+ Z* f+ k4 h. S
""" ' L( f9 H4 T0 `0 N pass8 k6 B' w( I6 k& V0 Q, [* ^& a4 j
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def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__3 ^$ _8 f+ r( k, u6 G4 P, G, u
""" ! d, |% h9 {: i k S.format_map(mapping) -> str, @( X( p' K9 N
5 m5 j: e) B7 c
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. 4 X# c% \' A5 S4 S The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').3 R* j, u; a9 g( V4 _- A
""" 0 [/ j) P1 a1 \7 Y; V+ Q return "" + s! e, ] M7 r) I; y: L7 r; Z+ p
def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__9 X" u7 g q! ]) C
""" " ~- j( F$ v5 p' n. m! A S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int7 U0 M2 D0 ^/ T* ]6 L; k
3 A* z* S y. R Y% N- X* J) f Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,9 z3 `5 G: R' V: Y4 Y- T
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional ) W* e- {: Q; n8 Z8 V8 m arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation./ S/ U" a8 n& {, l7 T0 B G3 k0 q
' }' b; e) V$ }0 V" f0 t Raises ValueError when the substring is not found. 0 {8 V6 V" C% j: H 6 W, M+ ^2 @6 `( j4 M# |& g ~ S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 2 R1 R" |1 n+ y k& l% n .index(sub[, start[, end]] . g# i9 e' E9 B3 ^% u! T3 P# \3 y $ n0 ?9 y B+ U7 y5 a
返回S中找到子串sub的最低下标,这样,sub包含在S[start:end]中。6 e% Z0 E- f5 w; @
可选参数start和end被解释为切片表示法。( Y, H+ Y! h! ~( B8 _9 \' w3 m
+ D0 q" H7 P T5 U$ m 当没有找到子字符串时引发ValueError。5 c2 k- C0 |. o) ^
"""0 H0 I- A: e+ M2 q$ [3 Q
return 0 7 R* I7 P7 D" F* m3 e/ V O/ ? ; y3 B) N7 W6 q: n9 V* E* E- L def isalnum(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown2 ^: ~2 u. E8 ~) c
""" " z' x6 N. T8 o& j, p Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.7 `$ n* R: P' e* G( X; ~
4 T* q1 O* S3 ^9 |0 V( |% p# U- J
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and! T% l" H6 g: \8 D% W: }5 h6 p/ o
there is at least one character in the string. ! Y( A0 X/ _* b; t! q """* ]& E! ]9 T3 U6 o2 d
pass 0 j. w6 O6 V9 y8 u* l: c$ N1 f# V; m5 Q* m8 E
def isalpha(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 F1 V. |8 D& J0 g/ m
""" ( F2 {! R F2 M \/ N3 p Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.1 \7 `) a1 F" \. q2 \! U) n
% U4 h" {% U2 r- Y
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there $ L, n3 V) G- D is at least one character in the string. " m6 L- s( I3 o/ }) ?' a# W! T """ 9 m. r+ j1 C1 s0 p3 I pass4 K4 _3 Q3 N: q! ~7 F6 C% _$ t
) p: Y/ K+ R9 n+ v- I4 S b! p
def isascii(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown : h& D1 x2 X# M/ J c a) j """ / T$ G4 z F G$ z' F N9 g Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.2 g; R1 K+ F5 ~7 ^, ]4 M9 @: t( e, W
4 c* ]" d- I& j9 h3 Z/ r
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. ) E- T& L5 S8 ] k; A1 l Empty string is ASCII too.6 y g: i* C% F' K
"""0 z9 r" z3 K: _& v% Y1 u6 S3 P
pass 8 S0 a' ?# t8 l: E& M0 M6 ^ 1 A% n3 T2 u9 V: r def isdecimal(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % z8 A/ ^1 K9 R! z6 _& W) b% j1 U """ ' j* n+ C4 h7 \; C6 @ Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise. ) q7 a- |- u0 v6 F8 e8 w1 W; P5 k" b8 d/ Y2 a8 S Y+ V+ B
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and% q3 O# ]- o# l" b5 r
there is at least one character in the string. 8 o% e r! D! a6 u """ $ b- | z' a! ^ pass* M( _* a: g* b# V1 J4 t8 Z2 a
, Y( ^- \% b+ a( j y e" V1 Z
def isdigit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ~7 ^) Z- U5 }; u """% w0 c2 z; o9 @4 `2 W
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise. # |1 j) A2 A* l7 D9 ^- ` 1 @6 N' e1 Y) e6 O$ U( s5 `* @' m, @0 X A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there. W: l/ Z) \% @- z
is at least one character in the string.( }" Q5 T% e# }. s7 l3 R
""") M& ^/ R, Q; `6 r- n
pass ) R6 U9 c: F; r G) ~5 k6 C# |" Z9 s& [) S; `" i0 G% M
def isidentifier(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 V8 I+ t: J7 U9 X7 \2 l2 b
""" ' E, m4 z0 z3 R; h5 P( d Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.( ~3 J" S$ V& h5 w; L4 e, L3 M
% ]& G/ S5 Z( @" t ^6 C Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier,2 @ I& Q* ^9 {: n% q
such as "def" or "class".* h/ l$ G, c( `3 q6 n( l
"""& g( \" n7 w ?) }
pass: `: \' j3 y/ C- r) \
& h# w" L( \( u) [ def islower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown4 }$ S) U2 l7 N" T$ n
"""0 ^1 c2 `: }! Y6 \- g0 t0 k7 ~5 t
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.2 F$ E, J3 Y" E: x8 r
3 U! L; f/ ^: t/ \6 P+ l A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and* v% K& Y! ]0 A% {! s
there is at least one cased character in the string. 8 A: M& I5 [# O7 j. x; {6 f """ % d1 l; e3 K- U; X9 y7 i pass+ I$ E! e6 T3 n
$ L* e( E# R/ {; `* _
def isnumeric(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( Y! h* j5 \/ M. i$ @. \ """# o! `( n$ c- h' R0 u9 l
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.1 g. A# i2 j* U* u3 @! X
" s( k9 ?! V$ o/ h+ f
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at& o) V7 U6 T: `3 T4 w
least one character in the string.' ?# N4 ~3 J8 j0 d; W1 l
""" 9 D1 w6 S7 t+ R. l7 |5 O pass , P' G: T/ p$ z5 C6 Z+ _" Z 4 k2 g! r' Z3 f( A5 i* Z def isprintable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown) f8 b( t2 m8 x' M- J
""" ; v( S: }. ~# K. S# _ Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise. ; G+ K' Y( Y* b0 U, T/ Y0 n$ C+ R
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in ) |, X$ r9 ^) @$ S* s' ^ repr() or if it is empty.3 G# x2 V$ R' Z" ^
""" * d ~% H. ^# n9 x, u- ^6 I pass " D: |# U/ I8 y1 y4 Z: M( m8 R+ o3 H! x9 y% O7 u
def isspace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown $ m* B. x+ w! Y, V """9 _$ z$ c7 R3 N; u9 u I" W
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise. 0 p) X2 }5 ?7 s X n2 U: q7 T0 K; n6 G `
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there# F) P$ B. ~3 R$ i3 u
is at least one character in the string. : }) j/ F$ {& R6 u" X """ % r4 D8 R/ @2 F" ]1 C' O pass & o0 i/ k0 \2 J! S, H6 H: l9 \ ; i% q4 k/ `0 i# _) i6 V/ H5 ^ def istitle(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' S, M- s& S+ I$ }- r1 a """- ?) X- p" ^6 u3 I4 |9 [
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise. 7 b3 M0 g' g% B5 N) {+ v+ G4 ?" l8 }2 ^
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only & B* B+ s. T9 {+ m6 C8 ~ follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. ! q- ]0 g- Z7 Y( @ """ 9 G. a8 K' W, G; ^) u# p3 G: s pass 7 U0 {0 n1 Y$ c Y# ~5 R1 }( P7 a
def isupper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( \1 w3 y }' \/ ~ """1 [. U+ o0 V9 E
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise. - x5 ]# |; U+ s" E* v) l1 t p `' i- f _+ x9 t( [8 [3 m
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and ( l/ |2 C. P! Y$ i( r8 K" C7 t there is at least one cased character in the string. ' J3 v# L6 C+ }( a6 i- N0 W """ 8 s% `) |2 i9 N {) y" r1 o pass - c# v( S# a5 I. W7 Y% S C5 S# a; q% @
def join(self, ab=None, pq=None, rs=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ . z" l# b D9 W( u, E& L$ N0 O """ ! f2 x- b* F" G& Q% ], L Concatenate any number of strings. . V& o, Z% T0 _7 d4 q; N5 I5 y, ]" d! h. o
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string.& \1 M4 \8 o* {+ D
The result is returned as a new string.! J1 b; I3 f1 b1 A
9 c4 Z8 f" g3 M( f 调用其方法的字符串被插入到每个给定字符串之间。 & n7 J2 B* g8 T) F% G& C 结果以新字符串的形式返回。$ ?8 Y9 S8 a4 U# R' h
. B5 U& Y9 \5 T& {7 N
例如:“。”。Join (['ab', 'pq', 'rs']) -> 'ab.pq.rs'* B0 x7 g' r8 c. |/ ?) f
""" * K/ V4 S: m$ u+ }6 J+ j pass1 Y' E- `1 y# j {' m: \# ], L
/ V# q9 a4 ^% K! T
def ljust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 1 c9 v- j$ u P' p """$ _; _7 n+ L8 O( b$ H% @6 j
Return a left-justified string of length width. 3 r% X' w. f$ W" P $ h3 L$ k, H' M' A( q Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). % z @9 _9 U/ z: F* G9 v$ `. S3 s$ X# `9 I+ c7 d
返回长度为width的左对齐字符串。 . s: l" [ J2 \; A # B8 {( m2 s j- ^ 使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 ; y( r/ e' W( o1 }; W+ s """ S3 g0 f) }1 X, A2 s' L+ |
pass 6 M6 d* k' {6 f7 R3 {- w+ v" }* U8 z0 R2 C6 b
def lower(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown# x( d7 |1 y: L
""" Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase. - X6 Q+ e" S6 h 返回转换为小写的字符串副本。""" . Y9 G1 v, w& x8 V pass5 T; k- O+ v i1 U& Q
5 a7 b, b* u7 J0 S/ b def lstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown! U8 M+ f! h, A! m9 X
""" ( ]0 L+ O! b% l* A8 j' `* W3 {! m Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed./ y- l( q( F' ?$ r, j% ~
9 F. T/ W2 ?( a* D( `7 T6 ]1 c- S If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. ! b: I* l0 u8 L 1 T$ U# T( o9 K& n2 b; I+ `/ h 返回删除前导空格的字符串副本。! L9 |2 l" x0 t, o$ j/ [
q+ ]5 S s4 c4 ^
如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。. ]) f C ^# s* Z( j
""" % @' ?( \0 u' E( Y- q+ N R pass B: b8 P2 x$ w9 y6 J0 t- ?! v8 s
def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 k% R# t4 _9 }, ], b! b6 L
""" % t% V+ G1 x+ _2 |6 p3 r; L' G+ j+ U" n Return a translation table usable for str.translate(). " l4 }! T2 L- _/ O& r0 X& h0 V- n ; l# \4 w' w- ?$ G4 L: p7 d, G3 } If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode $ {) ?: A! C, e8 P _ ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.) g; {6 w/ v* Y1 u7 x
Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.1 t" x5 h8 W" n
If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and 1 d; a! q. r4 X( s$ B in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the Z% c2 Q& F6 w8 B' e0 h character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it 2 M+ x. m* i6 [. c- V0 l# r1 m must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.7 j7 y2 O) u1 ]( n# c0 M) t* @7 f" F
""" , T! P+ |! d2 r& v( a pass 7 E5 k$ S! H0 W. J 2 }0 A8 H0 Z- d: ^4 ~ def partition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; G* Y$ x% v2 p; i: ^/ j6 L7 ~ """ * R1 M% c9 w( O& z2 d Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. 3 P/ D$ j# x" r$ B. }+ f2 a0 n% [; G3 U, p, ]1 s
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, - _" O3 W: }) f% Z returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator8 g1 N( e. p3 g% t
itself, and the part after it. ; B6 G! r4 [9 |* p% K$ P8 A9 y$ {7 S8 d% u
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string8 P& I4 n. u& B# }
and two empty strings. $ J+ n8 m/ `$ d" I% }8 g( \' H """ * |: X. y1 b2 H4 m. Y pass$ n5 V7 c+ w3 k
! H! @) J1 c, h, H
def replace(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown" L& D$ a3 H4 E* a
""" 6 {( c6 V- u! B6 b% c Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.% ~2 Y' ?: B3 U: C( a$ j- v' k9 {; y
% `( g0 b* u3 X3 |: I count- R; {8 F# G* w& O' a( g6 q
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. % X+ |. G. `4 d5 Z -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences. 2 z/ p7 Q" E% s5 \9 h! |4 o0 ]. ^9 _3 x
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are 3 j! m, s( y8 e, o! ~) N8 Y4 } replaced. % S# b) M3 _5 }" K- { E! z( i 9 Y4 p/ {* _0 r* Q 返回一个副本,其中所有出现的子字符串old都被new替换。 ' X! B+ p, b3 P ! Y4 P; m+ P6 i9 M# a/ [7 M ` 数 + v$ y" @& Z" Q/ [ 替换的最大次数。3 d Y' d X. N0 w9 N- q; a
-1(默认值)表示替换所有匹配项。 h' b! x* W2 z) u7 d
2 ?3 J* N2 z1 w- P9 z4 [ 如果给出了可选参数count,则只出现第一个count更换。 & m5 Q9 l6 f# i% @% D% ^/ ~( | """( u7 v3 R4 c; g8 ~. L& e7 \
pass4 N4 L! } |/ ]6 D' Z' U
% M, }, T& l1 c" e) N
def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ - w7 p+ J9 P& V% B, l0 u """ ( {6 M- G! Z; G" z S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int% }( d$ i6 Z' m* p9 w" t: A. w
# k/ _' [; F0 _ o& O4 Y
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,; B, m! E2 ^" k9 m* ]1 G7 ^4 X
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional + e+ L- K2 s0 I5 w+ n; K/ o' h0 ` k arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.( a! R q) n! c+ F; y% G
[( J% o4 H, M2 }- l4 h/ x Return -1 on failure.2 N, B+ s' Q# u5 h
""" 4 V3 i( h$ }; F return 06 j: F) {7 ~$ u) v- j
$ x* R( ^3 c% N, |( O2 @ f- L
def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ 8 I8 R W- @& |7 S( p """! z/ i) o! s) }1 N+ O
S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int 1 R% x8 V, h2 I% p( d' e, q . J. G/ \9 v0 n4 w+ G+ M Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,! g. b& j$ Z; j5 z. J
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional ) u1 f2 i3 z+ Z* p arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.2 _6 F" D: \! g9 O" L) C: |
$ Q8 p1 \; ~0 m% k7 H- R7 [: M
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found./ U7 a( H/ T! o( e7 |# ]
"""( V/ b5 ~: V& Q5 D0 c( m1 `
return 02 `1 M+ x9 M1 ~1 ]' N
/ e1 F7 `- }. k7 K7 b def rjust(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 q$ ^4 t2 C* L """! z2 d9 I6 Z$ @, \" b$ S' c
Return a right-justified string of length width.) C' Q6 w9 z( w- y" J
2 H5 D; T- t( E3 T0 L
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). 4 T! w3 G7 \0 W" t! p. g! L; w4 C3 w3 x ; j, _8 m5 K: r* u: [, P9 b 返回长度为width的右对齐字符串。0 @! I* u( K' @9 e
7 _, N% ]; ~- O! q+ L2 E3 H
使用指定的填充字符(默认为空格)填充。 + m. g" }+ @# v """ : D+ j, j, t" {" W5 [/ n3 \ pass , V. b k/ o# h* ^- i& Q& k % i7 ~. S; @4 ^0 G, P0 T9 h; l def rpartition(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 B' o8 S4 }8 I7 t """ + u2 X* K" g3 G4 \4 ~/ \ Partition the string into three parts using the given separator. & M+ K1 |/ v" c( N$ Z% `1 v2 {" K
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If 7 ^4 T7 [, a2 v9 T6 m# ], g the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the 7 z) b; [% `0 U- f separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.# H+ t2 k. v" I4 ~/ _
' {$ Y& o: [$ ~/ H, s d5 Q! @7 f
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings 8 \& Q. q& N* Y1 N and the original string. 1 J5 y) S( C1 H2 E$ P4 ]. m """/ |1 J1 v( v5 {7 W3 q( n
pass " a8 [6 M+ m- |6 m) n# B; V7 Z( g * ^. _4 _. H* t! N' J1 r% m def rsplit(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 T# O3 D! p) U O+ Y3 D' u """, p2 |! P0 @; \& o
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. & V2 q% V% |' o: `' B8 X ( `$ J: |( N, F sep \8 z" O0 a$ V; M; N4 [
The delimiter according which to split the string.; Q+ F: J5 ~/ O+ m! Y. |( U% O: f
None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace,5 b: z4 R, Y% a1 i9 t
and discard empty strings from the result.6 h2 L- ?" o! ~
maxsplit 1 V( R( p( i: v$ n( N' s Maximum number of splits to do.* V9 i1 E+ z9 W6 f9 y' d% Q# V
-1 (the default value) means no limit. 4 j* }* l( i- [3 c% N* U* h2 Q1 V7 _ V
Splits are done starting at the end of the string and working to the front.9 N. |! G. g: D6 D, f
( x. O# g5 l) D0 A) P% x
返回字符串中的单词列表,使用sep作为分隔符字符串。$ I7 v7 I+ O; X8 [
sep# Y9 ~) W* P( ?/ M) m4 F' `# |
用来分割字符串的分隔符。/ E- R. R1 d+ S" {
None(默认值)表示根据任何空格进行分割,并从结果中丢弃空字符串。 * p' f# {& M' r4 l ) I8 @$ U6 [8 n. N# Q maxsplit / {3 Y# u' h( L% n 最大分割次数。 & H, J5 f& `0 A+ X8 E -1(默认值)表示无限制。 + p2 U+ B" p$ v( z) Q. X - n3 o, e* _4 t: q8 Y* o* O
劈叉从绳子的末端开始,一直到前面。 4 z! v% ^; u8 }& ?- n3 c# M: L! a' R """ + y4 X' c' v! ]5 T% M pass6 {6 G& N) A l
7 r7 ` Q1 N1 N def rstrip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; W d" t+ d, V K# \& o
"""4 Y4 z" r7 d3 @* f. k! q) }8 |3 T
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed. / y% A' \& p& t' L# q4 z ) M, ~) ]& D2 u+ O+ x If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 4 l: G7 [1 H2 K% v4 B- Q: B + \" } O, A- @! K+ F 返回字符串的副本,删除尾随空格。 ( y/ ], E( `; | & r# s3 h( a1 B 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。, a" J& `* b5 L( Q2 a0 ^
""" / v$ e# p) |, V% H! F5 i; R pass 7 s1 b7 v1 J. ]8 | " L: R9 H# C9 _ def split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * A" h. H+ _: M: v1 P1 t. s """ 2 J7 ?$ \6 F& Z% R, O! n' H Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string.4 Q9 ]3 a! ?. [0 }, R6 Z
" k5 i& t: ], F: \- p sep , x) ?0 s, }" C* Z3 k The delimiter according which to split the string.3 Y' B- B% H2 L' ]- h$ ^: `* f: g6 @
None (the default value) means split according to any whitespace, % o9 o3 P0 o8 v2 f and discard empty strings from the result.* Y# e6 U3 ~. Z: a0 G
maxsplit ' L+ p& y9 m) ~4 r K$ E Maximum number of splits to do. 1 \1 d) C S- c0 _5 c. d -1 (the default value) means no limit. . |& k: @: L9 Z* H8 b7 Z: | """ ; B# p8 Q' u1 `! C% o8 j pass - T+ n h; r) h* G8 w/ Z : f1 f( m H6 v: Z' o% @ def splitlines(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 {7 V9 u4 B# {& B! @: M' }
""" 7 i) M- n% E# m9 ]7 c5 V, ]; q8 t1 T( Q Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries. # o7 a, s" }8 X* O& \ ! Q# U! j1 e' H+ L Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and ; X2 n; t1 T! p; |0 e7 o true.1 R$ N) `' g/ r
""" & ^6 Y5 N- @) f8 u pass 6 G$ O, @ A* G: h( m - m7 i7 l* e# x4 ~. n- _# u l& S3 C def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__' }) h; l' r' U! J: y
"""+ h3 K8 Z, ]0 c$ s- }. I$ h9 L
S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool+ b: Y" [ _+ R! a
5 v5 i- S1 F7 B/ Y+ w( i, k Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.2 i$ G5 X/ n1 p& S* e9 ]2 @
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.; p/ q) H& a2 Q/ N7 m' S) }9 @" M
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.+ v) \* R. Y& Z' O6 X$ B
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. . u7 F2 \" |/ H( q9 Z$ y% ^ """ . n# i' J$ S! s1 Y! K1 w return False H6 \9 r4 W1 u3 w4 j) s! [$ Z& n9 l' t# T# e
def strip(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ( o% {7 O7 W, i# w """3 v, y1 B7 J$ l7 S- ^7 H9 z. r
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.* y a8 F2 W+ x/ K$ _1 Q3 i
i8 Y. t5 P, B1 |# O) g* K, c2 \
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. 4 O6 Z5 {0 o0 @$ J8 j- b1 s6 U" u8 S' g
返回删除前导和尾随空格的字符串副本。 7 {3 y; f* o1 W5 G5 i& u' \3 C" j % l# K+ }; i3 u 如果给出了chars而不是None,则删除chars中的字符。 7 P# B0 X' M4 B+ w1 R1 D """ 1 U# y B0 W5 r# X' a7 h pass! U/ @% L+ w' v
+ K/ ~& _5 T/ d; T8 X8 D def swapcase(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 2 v7 O6 n( s* E$ z; M """ Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase. """2 {# i: B' a# u0 P4 l1 L, c
pass . v4 J, a \* I& a- | , U- v) ~! l1 [8 R" [* e def title(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 9 W! C! r* f0 l0 E9 [, B """0 E! U! H' y r* q
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased. 2 K6 g6 ^: Q: ~& u( C3 x0 b! a7 W5 r: w/ X$ ?! }& J) t. e6 ?6 ]& A
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining' O4 n5 q1 l% E1 t2 n- P- Z6 c
cased characters have lower case.: {" m( ~, z8 Z: F; Q, K" V0 L
"""* z" P1 Q+ T# e, f& P: M
pass ' k' Q& L8 W, g/ y% O, \7 w 4 D& u6 O+ T9 ~ def translate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 1 \! l) X" M" U7 j( w7 ~/ b9 G( K """1 Q# S3 a, k2 ?, C& H" P( t6 N8 C
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table. n( ?6 O' `" L6 ?$ { $ N, Z* S3 S( t3 o table( X9 i' E- {* q R& G& x
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to% X6 q9 n4 } R# |( H
Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. $ H3 z! A+ W% i( u g( g# s$ ?" P; Q8 L
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a 8 r: M% w9 w3 R3 n% X; N8 W dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is 1 `/ G- o E# b! V; Y7 Q5 w left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.; {( A' f9 y/ G" p8 X5 N
""" , J' I1 J2 T' a0 X5 e7 n% Z: V pass ) \+ U1 O; ~/ W$ N# f 0 i1 f r; _. A def upper(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown% ?% I( F" U: W/ x+ ~7 L
""" Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase. """ 2 N" I( E, m1 J: E pass & Y& H K) @4 O9 g _. |$ j1 J) E1 Z def zfill(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown * x1 \- @! E5 R+ i* G """4 b& G$ l/ y$ {- T+ {2 U
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.- F4 g' u( f [2 k( }- R0 v
! @; e9 Y6 u% m# e The string is never truncated. 1 Y- h3 y, l' r d3 ~2 S, p0 i! U """ + F- w& O& S# x0 R) N1 E) o6 t7 k pass) |/ D ~. K" Q! M6 V
) o! J3 _, W" m- b* O9 h
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; R4 L$ Z" i/ ~' A4 @, I """ Return self+value. """6 J2 F/ b# t7 _! u: x
pass) G% ~) R3 o" p7 d
6 D9 l& T6 K$ G3 v u
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 4 Z, p6 W1 i4 G7 C# E. J """ Return key in self. """ 0 M* C( t# T" s5 z: O pass % v& o8 i. q) x* U& p6 Z/ r* Y5 ~# V+ K$ f: A9 D
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown( F: H; n3 l8 ~/ Z! Z
""" Return self==value. """- m- ]" O% C0 P% ?1 H9 G0 t* d
pass ) C4 W- M# D [' k2 y) C% y$ h% Z+ `9 D. e
def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown$ }, u7 X Z. V3 P1 |/ w6 P' B T
""" Return a formatted version of the string as described by format_spec. """ N" x: |: P; p6 l8 r pass n1 y- e& ~' `% P
! q- X6 B1 o- }/ P* l def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown: F, ~. U& ~" P. I0 g Y* g
""" Return self[key]. """ 7 z3 D: R* I4 ^ pass 1 j& i* }+ S/ j' b4 e% x 0 O) v. W) C% ?6 l- B7 m% f! |+ p def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown6 e2 `8 X* O/ `. Q! D0 n4 @
pass 8 j4 ~" X) S4 L. {- R. h Q1 \% D0 Z( U. j
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown& G4 C, \4 v$ i7 N, l _' E
""" Return self>=value. """" L: U9 _7 q* G+ V) v
pass - `2 F8 C$ U* w) a8 Y4 O$ K5 I # i$ \3 z- f; n: _# L. m$ j def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; F# o: [ d5 ?' Q/ K0 b+ E4 e
""" Return self>value. """ ! x/ o% ^8 E/ b8 D- d7 Z pass4 d0 R! a& u+ f7 J/ A
% U% m. w. T. z5 q, \
def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' @6 K8 C! P# [* S; h, F u """ Return hash(self). """ 2 P+ K* H% M2 v. R$ k2 k pass 7 w3 M9 S6 ]5 V" x$ y e& P8 X0 F6 d; M) {# |! \, y
def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__# c& p$ q6 Z- G6 v
""" ( ^1 a5 ~9 c3 J; U3 E str(object='') -> str3 I- f0 r4 P5 ]5 G2 O
str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str ' c3 L: V9 L+ e5 S' M+ H# |+ ]. n6 j# [$ L4 d: o
Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or 7 J$ M5 O, i$ |/ w errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer % D0 j- x* v# x, U. v4 ^ that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.; \/ Y$ m' s% K
Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined) # `# T" X% `" e1 l/ G1 h& w or repr(object).' q1 k# F' ~' i# O* @/ V1 h- g
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding(). 9 F8 `+ |- }! l9 b errors defaults to 'strict'. $ f9 z4 l# v5 u. w. x$ ?* x # (copied from class doc) 8 e: O4 k9 P& x$ y """ 9 M+ a9 L& y1 j pass0 f1 @+ y# x# o
$ O) ~2 v8 P" ^+ \( V# F9 [
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; f/ M/ Y4 e ~5 v5 A O- H
""" Implement iter(self). """ $ |( D5 u7 {' y. } pass & y# G2 O- z6 w$ ~( ]1 z! }( @0 Y
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown/ j) y. B6 c2 p$ `- C
""" Return len(self). """ ! G: }2 W* Z1 g7 v5 t% H pass 7 s8 z7 `' |' a, I0 e- d # b, h" a. k6 B2 F' k def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ' g, k% G$ L4 Y2 e$ t9 N- j2 ~) { """ Return self<=value. """ 3 a5 o. l8 R; m+ x1 n6 E pass3 n4 O( q4 [. e% p
6 ~2 }: @' U8 t* F+ o def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown % E/ g y, A2 w: c9 r. e1 ` """ Return self<value. """ , S' W( y# G" T9 E pass % `* G. ~$ Y" {" b' A' b; S/ R) q$ R6 a( E8 L' B+ W
def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; n& {: c4 F* L% q
""" Return self%value. """+ j1 W' m6 `# N8 ~0 _: j
pass & W( M: i' W4 t4 @2 o/ U1 C! P- W6 e3 r6 K
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown; U$ i- P7 e1 [6 Q" s8 f
""" Return self*value. """$ j7 A7 o }6 A/ J
pass ; H! D9 u5 {, w) A, u' S$ T" C+ G 4 j! c5 D5 G+ J7 s" E1 [# } @staticmethod # known case of __new__4 N2 ~" k5 n, A- _+ w# [8 S' I+ Q
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown 3 Q8 Q7 r7 u6 f! f """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """7 f! z7 X) | X
pass $ ]) h* k4 o/ C, c7 ~ ~$ O$ M6 A- k
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown0 \* H. L1 Z+ I) O
""" Return self!=value. """: H4 W) l8 F& \# c
pass" i2 U/ t3 b5 ~+ ^9 \
1 f+ B0 Y; p' L" r" {: C4 S! d def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown1 F" J6 C) y* U
""" Return repr(self). """9 ^& t% r5 H9 n/ ^, W' d& S
pass6 C! J+ v/ q' V7 n$ M/ ^6 G7 Z
# B1 ?( ?% M2 k7 j, q
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown' P3 N2 Y/ H0 @/ ~7 d* E6 f. I
""" Return value%self. """+ `% T: @ W3 O- l! }+ q2 _5 r
pass2 @1 i6 G! q/ q7 M
8 C S& w7 Y( X5 u: }9 m; X' z+ b7 B1 `
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown, y1 Y" A# f( O3 P0 t! n
""" Return value*self. """ . @- I0 W" M1 @3 g- R$ s* | pass) M* ^8 K( A1 d" @9 Z
r* |& K8 A+ W def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown ; E* A8 _/ d2 c9 k h """ Return the size of the string in memory, in bytes. """6 g, a; f4 q8 C
pass/ A0 h% ?2 K0 X2 v, k) t$ w1 o; _
$ M& T6 `# T+ }7 p% u, Q9 i def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown# V2 P1 i+ {" M" Q$ n7 V
""" Return str(self). """ 7 l3 L! c. }0 d* ^ `7 Y' D pass6 A! `# M2 J6 A) X4 V
1 ?8 J, N+ |4 N( ~! P( o1/ g) v8 T9 d$ G/ `4 Q
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87 H2 R7 r& @1 E1 Q, g. y+ m7 `. @8 {
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10" B5 A& ]7 v, }$ I
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120 b6 @, D' l! N- D% A- v2 I
13 , @9 F9 q- @5 }+ G. w- r( q. S14& H1 c7 C% q+ v6 K. A$ f' u* v
15 3 n/ K0 S2 p8 l' {* x- z$ b5 Y! P16+ {6 G J% t) V( _1 T B% z
174 V+ U+ s& q& _. y) j
18' Q: {3 K _; F- n
19* Q! x. A4 W% }5 M; ]% _6 y
20 ) o f4 r2 j, q9 \& Q21 3 a9 ~6 U6 c* \! ], [225 W; T9 J. U. n4 \
23) J6 S* b# w# @* K6 T
24* T# `0 F) H* w- V+ z$ ?
256 q9 M/ a3 V0 v; H3 J
26: [% `- _8 { u4 P8 C! e6 {' D: I) [
27! W7 E: d' {5 W
28% e5 ~1 L) U w
293 ~/ x' ]; F/ }9 o5 ^" \. ?8 {
30 ( X& t7 n; ^. v3 J! z) T31 0 B3 i4 _( \* W8 Q w' V328 j7 {5 t$ }+ n
33 . O1 ` o! A# c1 F34 / c% M( G, O7 E" f2 P8 Y353 F/ J3 E. f* C+ i) z0 B+ @+ l) z
36; [7 f4 J. D$ L6 C f6 I" F
379 A4 W+ p+ {( i' q3 N$ ^
38 7 p) H8 d, @# _5 s! e4 j, o8 p391 X9 I, w, c' g% \
40 : `9 q. N# W: e# p, ?' @+ v41& r6 d+ m' I4 R3 `3 z& Z
42 9 w* k' b* U1 Y: k43 9 g4 J) Z$ y- W# R7 h( b44 1 d6 a+ y5 H, M! C _" Z$ H451 {0 B- n- z( l
46" b H- y$ H& `2 A5 U3 t( M) R
47 4 P0 J9 {. E" m0 |48( F2 L8 s& Q* Z4 K8 X: _
49 0 c+ V- U6 R# F) }4 H8 ^50/ t6 d8 l# n l# c/ ?+ g. `" P0 Z8 o
51* t( B$ w G5 J1 ^; Y' S6 Y* a
522 S4 L+ I) S& `3 ^- y
53 5 g2 J( b* i3 e% s54, {5 \% c# m+ F4 b
55 - ^/ I$ b; L' _* D4 ?9 ]564 s9 k" M/ S& G: w. U( S4 [
572 K" ^: _$ F. H: G! p0 n: h/ m
58 0 s$ n3 }5 Y; p, c594 p( }' N& s0 D0 ]# V) E
60% Y, @ k0 ^' z" V, t' p; w) _
61 & b2 z9 w8 S; x7 A62 ( w( z, b. k" x2 d6 H( I63 % z: }* j6 _, p9 t* g A' y8 O64 . F- p/ C* X1 W: I+ y. V! ^65" \- x# N; L) t/ a
66! z6 I' z- k1 Q% L3 O
67. ^- J# Y/ U. U* f
68 # I3 B8 k" J( d a1 ?+ K7 Z69* Y0 A$ f3 P! k. F: v" b" t
705 W1 C7 l: o3 f/ @6 }
71 3 }8 a+ y& E) E5 c; t; Y72 ) R" T" ~9 ]' y4 r% X; \/ J73$ W0 a4 W9 Q: [: n2 L' m# N7 n) [6 \; a# `
74 ! ^1 } K; z& J) m4 D75 5 d! @# K, ?/ s, I767 P O: @. l2 E3 V
775 {( ~6 {! _0 ~2 u5 Y' [
783 Z: ^: t0 x) e) w; ]
79 % e! X2 f7 O/ m1 b0 F1 d0 [' S) l80& E2 c+ @) ?% Z/ q1 n, L+ r: m( M% E
81 8 q' K# W0 M# c" S! @82% ^% N7 j8 ~4 {+ A: E
83 , }+ U4 y" N6 |84( V; d: D! ~- s7 ~7 H
859 n8 t% k ]5 Y2 g6 |
86, e7 q v, `, E5 I& ]; }
87 ! q C. U( k u88 4 y) u: j' j7 Q1 I' g7 U89' H2 `: _! Y3 b* t5 ?
904 ~- B8 w6 I4 h; P9 p
91 - E+ W# _% o" D3 W/ K% K: z' v2 C92 5 R7 T' K3 l! }8 f93$ ?1 R) ~; { \
94& n# ` u) t/ q/ K. k+ W
95 " F( {7 K% P3 h6 o( b96! z: a3 l# t/ C
97* h n$ b1 _9 c. O& C. Z
98 8 C/ O$ L! f! @" D/ @0 M99 $ s/ D& |! i6 [3 K0 A9 V1005 x0 [6 a; `, V0 h7 c3 c* l
1014 v7 B; W* I: C( Z8 S
102 - M- x# g9 a- ^, a1 G7 t2 z! h103 8 w' I: e& s8 Y$ |8 V104. F- C. r* P9 L1 Q: f
105; i; y' B+ @( p1 }1 L
106 7 i6 X3 Z; P! N107 ; F6 D2 b9 R( y" `2 G4 i5 b# L/ X108 P/ m) W. b; o9 c- ~8 f109 3 @! d1 h+ v. }/ x0 W7 N110 / A) Q$ V( v7 d0 G111- F4 V1 C( l9 j8 Q! K7 ^
112+ _9 @" K/ ?' l) [) p$ c" B0 p
113 ( S1 k7 g2 Q0 U6 r: C114 t" |7 a' u- Q; p$ l
115 ; A' k, }- c# H2 X8 Y# j0 r$ E116 & n1 @2 _7 h. `& n117 3 ^) g: Y: O+ K# r7 k+ P" ^118; D( z& c }- D" ^
119: X$ X+ X4 M; U9 p) p+ Z
120$ C9 g2 `! p0 }* e2 d5 i
121( K7 [! F6 I% F
122 3 f p& ?. w, n# }123 , P$ n0 P3 d8 |$ N8 Q# q/ k; @124 + Y% n; {) }* a/ s1251 X) j- d- a/ P9 Q. U: P
126 ' R% P4 l/ U8 l6 y( h: T9 W1276 `; S Z6 u" `1 J, H
128 8 i0 a( e, C {' x8 T129 6 o& {5 E) a: r' U130 ; T* N! u8 U4 w! d. e. {7 _131! h- o2 i+ a6 _2 [/ ?+ _- f& |
132 " x$ N& N; S, r. u5 S& }% [# i1335 D4 Z, f7 X$ T1 O
1347 E) @ C' v t, L4 G
1353 j# G; O% ?8 G, C! L8 F/ M
136( O3 t$ M5 @1 t ^) i/ ?$ o
137 2 E" S# t: U) ~$ C3 K138 " I6 V( A- f2 s139 2 I% v8 L- N) h! Y140+ E3 L8 d+ c7 O; p+ j2 c
141 . _* {' @& R! U$ m3 x. e( D; B142 - G* Q7 l ~! P6 T# T5 X' N4 d143 + f, q @0 Z& K5 w% R7 u4 q" Y144" K+ s9 m) w( T5 O- m- T& ]2 p# Y1 Q$ z I
145 7 \7 p* o% i) M1 y V3 }* p146& w" O; l( r: z$ |( j3 p
1479 a! z( s( N. ^# g' \
148 " K0 z4 ?& q, z7 U4 _1496 f# O- F$ ^1 B
150 $ r7 W3 O& S% P6 D151 " z2 ~, f3 |5 X! N. t4 ~1525 s& [4 {1 o5 B% R) v. m
153 1 \1 N' p! J+ F" y/ Z9 p4 c, P154 Z2 V# q5 k" o+ a
155 5 r0 l% t9 }0 ?/ A& q2 L: Q4 b156 6 M' { X" c$ F* i) Z157" i/ v7 p6 Z) o$ d/ v1 u
158+ }4 a$ u( p, F6 `, P$ I
159 ' s; b/ n, y, e0 X# k2 C4 @' w160: V% x% Z3 \( W) o% c
161 * ~4 M7 J9 e7 Q! R5 g4 Z162 & d- ~" X, j# G8 X2 L% h2 n5 A163 / w! j5 v* f& m2 e/ `; F$ h4 b164 ! |6 L; a$ ^) z0 U H/ y165 ) {3 @+ b3 u0 L166) H. t0 T7 s2 Q8 I; c' m
167 . v- H; Z$ Q8 q# |' e& S168 ; X$ L' ^7 g$ `$ B# {& U169. t% b: g1 X+ u/ D. Z" j6 u
170 8 K' h2 u, N# D d1 v P171 ) E0 s8 Z- M, e# a' Z& y0 j/ k1729 F0 Z' Z5 Q5 G9 H& k! U9 {, C
173 - r9 X' j( z0 m& W! R% U1744 e# O) b$ b5 Q8 @) K
175 ( k- @- I% v/ |, v# ?" Q& H176 - ]; L5 Y1 A; _% J" m177 ; d9 T$ Z3 O8 c; k1783 [8 [ X4 _4 X& x S0 I6 |
179 ' [0 `( i% d) G$ U# R180 + h3 w0 U+ `5 k+ q8 x1818 l- `4 Y5 @' C
182' F( d1 M( j7 J" }+ I h9 T6 ?
183; f% [. a8 @0 ]+ I( _
184 / |" l: J1 ~4 D/ R1 E% ~1855 h T4 M; m4 I, I+ H! ?2 X1 p
186% R$ ?. ^3 t, z; q7 U7 j! e
187( @; S8 f% @8 `9 a' {' }" `& u
188 $ y: O) T2 R0 n0 B6 c4 J1890 \7 k! h$ T# k' z$ _
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1956 b/ B: |& P/ m/ A1 O. G
196. P! g) X0 @7 p8 x1 g. S
197& e' o! ^" a. Q& `4 {
198$ R" S: \# S6 @/ I4 L) j6 I
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201 P6 N7 z- x0 E% L `2 r+ }
202 " c2 h9 r; a) s1 Z. V& D$ G3 n8 K203 G6 L3 O1 I; U0 z. y3 L5 r204' i4 P% b8 f% R8 k/ S
2050 @, s# `7 U; p8 I) T, i. e8 I2 P
206 4 ?' w- l' F6 c4 B1 X$ h207 : a8 G) _4 L+ }. }2 p! n/ r0 t* n208 4 `) y* @# A2 U209 , A7 n: G- D& v$ i$ B2 r1 v210+ W% W9 `3 r! |7 \1 Z
211, s1 X! A* }& n; W# z
212# Q8 B* A* z; j$ E0 M
213& }/ q4 y, `% `
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216 ' O' O Y4 t8 t/ b9 j2175 r, [4 N& [- c
2180 D$ v5 e, }" ?9 ?$ Z6 O. }
219 " F) g1 }+ g' _; c8 ]6 Q220+ F [. n/ X0 }' M) N
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223 $ n$ ^& V: Y, k/ e224) r, }8 h- `, w+ \, u) ?
225 4 m- o* J7 o& ? H' E6 ?( T' q226 ! ]& C ~& x" P5 B% b227; e3 d7 Y1 \' R, n& E" H# y* Z0 o" q/ t
228' q+ `. j# C A2 \8 Y0 h2 N+ @6 H
229 ( G8 ~7 b; p* H1 k A+ F1 l2308 J( ?+ P/ K; o- o, W( Z8 V8 B
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234 ; o, x( I, x+ R" t% D2359 U% q% ]. L5 T: e- ~/ Z2 e1 p; m
236 * x) k- @- v: O$ d; v237 5 N. h" W3 |9 i6 F238 ]4 ]( s+ ~, j* E: b' [
239 / W+ E1 H) i. y" h/ _240 * W) n. L1 b h* d' t241 9 n; N# t2 O! P3 u242 : t5 ~+ M A W; z7 n* y243' W# L& I3 v1 Z
244 ( o/ _& t$ m# |. G245" s, ]; T5 Z' n Y, F9 b
2465 J: r' ]+ l, Z$ S* d, k
247! z: S" t1 X7 \( S2 v
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249 - D9 ?- B) {/ J' x2501 x1 `2 |. ^# M I) c" k+ h
251 6 l- j+ a2 b% W- h) f/ S4 X# X252 , m* u! x6 Q& U* d2 P: W253( E/ [: w4 s/ a* n3 O2 p
254 0 ~% }3 S, S- v0 e; W255 3 m' s' [: f8 U1 o256 8 u- t: o6 r9 y3 y6 T/ M' u257 _9 n& Y( l' J, O
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260 ; {2 X* _3 ?: d4 @. P- i261 $ Y6 k! O/ P) S% y5 g262" V' N! c5 t0 f1 c
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266" P$ G4 O* H4 q$ t8 B7 y
267 * D. \ p' O& p0 A3 A" N2683 Q) o% l6 C0 b2 Z6 I
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272 & Y- n/ l5 h* A' E273, n; C: r- C/ l
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275 * F5 ^1 P a) ?* P: }276 # I" ?; c; v/ |7 K277 % `& Q2 i. l2 O- x3 D7 N4 ~278 # J8 h& Q: S. ?" Y7 ?7 \0 |5 A1 d279" o/ Z/ L9 \; H. g
280 " l1 d# @* }& [7 Y# T* g. Q281 ; h' ^* s: u$ m8 m282 0 K, U* y( l6 `1 ^283 9 f' i: _3 o9 D& j" v- q$ U284, {) C- L) ?2 I' o
285 # o; X* B: k: W! Y# I286 3 {/ \2 |# H; {8 n5 @$ I287 5 X6 Q; @, ]1 r/ ~$ }288 7 Z# x' W: T% }1 s0 E+ y289 # ~, p0 w' j( t6 A0 d8 b2909 u8 U5 T6 v$ v- E. |6 \
291 # v2 M! L; i% O292 ( ~" T( F) U6 l- |' |' X+ i4 u2939 Q7 V* t) L" {! f F
294 1 q+ T/ P) I( [; R: z/ M295 ! H% O6 R& i5 o3 ]! t4 F, N5 ~296% H" u) f: L9 R
297 ' A8 `) |& y: M298% J/ g* n; b( }
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310 5 _: k+ h. g1 K311 ) v8 H$ w4 J' T' U& G! h312 J2 ]% f% ]) Z! `
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318 7 G+ H0 a$ m, f& n4 j7 o- }! D319 9 N6 n& H, p7 z5 f3205 k; |% J! _! \( z# R$ O" S
321, `; }2 ]; z2 i# E
322 / G& \# y% R. d, y323 + _; ^' n; t: d$ U w& {9 M! J5 u; J324 ! T; |3 i: |, I0 j5 L7 E325 % x+ L! v9 B1 _7 b4 e3266 R9 R5 e3 [7 d c$ S
327 % B4 v% ]& M/ M# E6 O s3280 U% B/ |% s9 ~ ~/ e6 }9 E5 l
329 1 {! R$ b/ y K1 P7 T- @0 W, P330 ' x% q- g8 |, @- K3 }331 $ {9 u" a, J1 V) Q! B5 S! L332 - R8 j1 A+ u1 I& O" l0 E333 / Z1 G+ r. Y6 ~/ ]334* A# H1 ~! ] m9 [8 h
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337 6 M- h8 F: n' }2 ?( y2 N2 {3384 i1 w. P: m, v+ V; {! i! A; z
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355 0 I$ g) j" d7 i$ v) {- S356 1 T/ V5 D1 |" c% A1 j357 % ?' z+ O3 f: r* C358' w& E5 Z9 _, ?# j5 f$ P
359 7 d1 N5 R B7 u% Q. s. K, X360 * n- \5 a) }2 z0 M& X4 P! Q- t2 d361 4 e! g+ x0 s7 ]2 q( f2 z362 % `; E1 b3 L( P" v7 s363" s d. Y c/ E+ }# J$ l6 U- B. y
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1.字符串操作符 5 A# E1 A0 A; L1 F操作符 描述- O: n+ y l9 S
+ x+y,连接两个字符串x和y" \ Z+ o3 |, g0 F( w! y5 ~4 k
* x*n或n*x,复制n次字符串x 5 `6 W) r. v$ V) n9 k& Q2 yin x in s,如果x是s的字串,返回True,否则返回False $ x. A& ]. M9 [0 o/ B$ V; l2.字符串处理函数 9 w8 V! Q# G( s- [+ ~# E函数 描述 1 j3 `! h( g6 Wlen(x) 返回字符串x的长度,也可返回其它组合数据类型元素的个数 ) |: @& [) q& } Istr(x) 返回任意类型x所对应的字符串形式 5 u: f7 o# j) J1 c* gchar(x) 返回Unicode编码x对应的单字符 . V [1 S2 x& q9 b* T; Pord(x) 返回x表示的Unicode编码 6 k% i) T7 r$ d5 Bhex(x) 返回整数x对应十六进制的小写形式字符串6 k" k7 J* m, v9 Y1 y0 c5 F
oct(x) 返回整数x对应八进制的小写形式字符串3 ^, B, Z7 {8 V5 T! ^4 w1 R
3.字符串处理方法$ c1 {: ]9 p$ O* D* O/ y$ I5 Z
方法 描述 6 } E5 F# y. L7 ?6 bs.lower() 字符串s全部转为小写 2 b) x: W3 g% g( ks.upper() 字符串s全部转为大写! _- p0 W' K S3 e9 z$ }/ N7 _
s.split(sep=None) 返回一个列表,由s根据sep被分割的部分构成,省略sep默认以空格分割 ! Z& J, }) Z5 A; M& Q. [: Js.count(sub) 返回字串sub出现的次数3 f; s8 h T& O4 w: E& I; @
s.replace(old, new) 返回字符串s的副本,所有old字串被替换为new " C4 b7 p1 }! h2 K; c# Z. Ls.center(width, fillchar) 字符串居中函数,fillchar参数可选. a- ^1 ]! z9 G$ @" l9 c2 i5 m
s.strip(chars) 从字符串s中去掉咋其左侧和右侧chars中出现的字符# p$ s% F4 w( B! x* H
s.join(iter) 将iter变量的每一个元素增加一个s字符串 ) x2 b1 W' c9 }; P6 q, G" q4.字符串的查询操作5 ?7 m5 _# h1 F% {5 O
方法名称 作用 - m2 _4 H6 l7 ^2 jindex() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 8 L5 B) w/ H4 yrindex() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,抛ValueError异常 # [2 _; ]! t; n* E7 O4 L$ Nfind() 查找字串substr第一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1 . G/ U/ | b/ K8 z2 A* A9 Yrfind() 查找字串substr最后一次出现的位置,如果查找的字串不存在,返回-1 , y: _' o+ s4 h: M'''5 R; C. u6 }' u
index()查找第一次出现的位置 抛异常 ( q/ x8 Y$ E" e; l6 { S5 }1 C% `+ A( frindex()查找最后一次次出现的位置 抛异常. B" l) i" l t9 A
8 s7 L: I* a3 q8 e$ b
find()查找第一次出现的位置 不抛异常,返回值为-1 % B1 s) i* H2 L, y, Brfind()查找最后一次出现的位置 抛异常 ' W: w+ }# U$ G. Q- ?'''( I. c/ s9 e6 Z, a1 }3 H
s = 'hello,hello'2 B; B' i: h* M, G# W# _. Y
print(s.index('o')) 4 k, ^) r4 t& B' U* `$ @print(s.rindex('o'))" Y. g+ x* k+ z) o& {
print(s.find('lo')) * P% P8 G3 m, r+ j: U9 ]) r( Mprint(s.find('ui')) # -1 6 } D) `+ [8 p' _5 R5 @1% t7 ]. C2 g- N9 C8 p2 s% ~' J7 s
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