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数学中国总编辑
TA的每日心情 | 衰 2016-11-18 10:46 |
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签到天数: 206 天 [LV.7]常住居民III 超级版主
群组: 2011年第一期数学建模 群组: 第一期sas基础实训课堂 群组: 第二届数模基础实训 群组: 2012第二期MCM/ICM优秀 群组: MCM优秀论文解析专题 |
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发表于 2011-11-28 10:48
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matlab下面的kalman滤波程序6 h# c+ j f h1 x6 `
clear N=200; w(1)=0; ' L0 o% v- R5 J A( ]
w=randn(1,N) 5 q% q# d# t% b% e1 q/ {
x(1)=0;
. X8 ]$ C1 [6 O7 O6 ka=1; / j% H& e9 N: ?2 l6 p, ^
for k=2:N;
* q4 _# F" K- E! M/ G0 j9 ]x(k)=a*x(k-1)+w(k-1); ' R E1 O! u7 v }
end
. u' C' N* J1 a* ^5 o8 h3 IV=randn(1,N);
( q- F& X. j7 @$ O2 ^q1=std(V);
2 q8 e( u$ i, K/ r! L P$ zRvv=q1.^2;
! h. \% l- n* P. O8 Cq2=std(x);
+ F7 U6 p1 y- r! G6 [/ l& eRxx=q2.^2;
8 L4 g2 S8 G2 S0 Xq3=std(w);
9 A- n: c M8 c* `4 C; @) K7 L1 ?Rww=q3.^2; G. ~4 }% X- y! d5 P
c=0.2; ) t5 y# c2 E2 x$ W' A# f
Y=c*x+V; # m+ l# g2 P, ~# j
p(1)=0;
- f+ U6 \0 @3 Y4 E2 R! ns(1)=0;
0 d8 V9 Q2 ?9 ]5 F+ g4 b0 Z3 ~for t=2:N;
1 b# z, ^9 u$ T( Np1(t)=a.^2*p(t-1)+Rww; 4 f, Z" O7 _7 G" a1 o/ e' n# P
b(t)=c*p1(t)/(c.^2*p1(t)+Rvv); ( b O4 k4 v2 ]8 P
s(t)=a*s(t-1)+b(t)*(Y(t)-a*c*s(t-1)); J/ R/ l. r( ~ v& }, |
p(t)=p1(t)-c*b(t)*p1(t);
7 I1 p6 J, R) ? z, Q" U Q3 `) iend " p3 H0 i+ m6 a" U5 O$ U
t=1:N;
9 M( g, v+ g1 L+ R3 Bplot(t,s,'r',t,Y,'g',t,x,'b'); 6 Y/ V: g/ D) h6 W9 G6 ?
function [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, varargin)
- m D+ P6 n% ?) R% Kalman filter. ) p, f1 r2 s% y# L% n8 J
% [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, ...)
4 x2 T: e% |5 [# k% ) h# H$ T; I) D9 l$ M! H
% INPUTS: / r H1 \9 y+ \. {8 }6 ]! t' k
% y(:,t) - the observation at time t
4 M7 G* V( r# r2 c" j |+ O) g% A - the system matrix
% q& b. d# M) K4 ]% d, Q+ ?, Z% C - the observation matrix
" a+ L: h# ?2 S4 v% Q - the system covariance 1 `) B" z6 X1 q2 F1 J% w7 x
% R - the observation covariance 4 |. y9 K3 K! {% }4 @
% init_x - the initial state (column) vector
, d) t1 i: I1 U. b# z" P( L' ?% init_V - the initial state covariance & n* V* T3 Q/ e0 l& d H
% ; B# {5 B) `( H6 J6 h2 M
% OPTIONAL INPUTS (string/value pairs [default in brackets])
7 T/ h4 K9 v9 P8 v% 'model' - model(t)=m means use params from model m at time t [ones(1,T) ]
9 A8 P/ L# a0 m2 @% J1 ~3 a% In this case, all the above matrices take an additional final dimension,
( M& S& Z) |' r- l# v3 S% i.e., A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m). $ _: h+ w7 W* m7 L% e
% However, init_x and init_V are independent of model(1).
; {1 y ]0 s2 f$ U Z. ~% 'u' - u(:,t) the control signal at time t [ [] ]
# q; M [7 o0 R2 g: c% 'B' - B(:,:,m) the input regression matrix for model m / a0 p4 W) J, ~$ {, v5 e! H
%
8 E+ _( ^! T, k m' d8 T% OUTPUTS (where X is the hidden state being estimated) 7 V6 u4 ] s1 W5 m) {$ x& V
% x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)]
3 f3 {7 l& b" B' Y+ {% V(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)]
2 Y4 ^- F# T3 A c" A% VV(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t), X(:,t-1) | y(:,1:t)] t >= 2 1 t! y' s, k4 S% ~( `
% loglik = sum{t=1}^T log P(y(:,t)) + g _2 Z" ^, w& k9 w3 T3 L
%
8 o" y+ U: z7 F- w% If an input signal is specified, we also condition on it:
4 |# l$ K. A# o3 E' n* f2 G8 L% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t)] 2 a+ R% @9 Y) F2 u
% If a model sequence is specified, we also condition on it: - \4 [' G9 L% [( p$ P9 Q: v
% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t), m(1:t)] 1 b+ L+ J/ h- s4 j( k8 q( q
[os T] = size(y); * v7 O2 ]3 o$ c- o3 }/ K
ss = size(A,1); % size of state space 0 }& R2 e4 Y# u% c0 ~
% set default params
) h9 k( C! p. @: M. j( }" j, hmodel = ones(1,T);
: a3 H# }- ]/ |6 z) d9 hu = [];
+ v% t( ~: M% @& B. C4 y& jB = []; " e" y; s% B/ Y. u, c8 ^- e
ndx = [];
( P( v( p3 k; ? G; y" r- Cargs = varargin; ( ^+ O3 d2 {$ d2 T
nargs = length(args);
. O$ ~ A" Z" u) ]for i=1:2:nargs
4 w& }1 {' c, { @0 p1 Mswitch args
' k$ X' _9 W, o: T0 W; Vcase 'model', model = args{i+1}; 7 S% v) ]5 N3 |- L: Q
case 'u', u = args{i+1}; 1 R; D/ Q. v" F5 e* n
case 'B', B = args{i+1}; ; J/ @% T% }% V0 k0 C
case 'ndx', ndx = args{i+1};
6 c' I9 B% ?. ?8 lotherwise, error(['unrecognized argument ' args]) ! s0 ?, N' P7 E8 i! S% ?
end
. j7 j8 e2 p! z$ Eend
8 [: x" W* [1 zx = zeros(ss, T);
# q/ u# V5 `% w" PV = zeros(ss, ss, T); & R4 B" [2 Q/ r& k( j( c) C
VV = zeros(ss, ss, T);
+ Q6 x+ R8 m `7 n( k4 Ologlik = 0;
9 D4 Z+ P$ ?7 n# b0 A3 R2 S% i7 h/ Efor t=1:T m = model(t); - `; C i3 y8 S
if t==1 %prevx = init_x(:,m); " C+ v2 }6 B7 n% |) Y
%prevV = init_V(:,:,m);
5 L3 O. T) T3 Vprevx = init_x; 8 e$ H5 V) w* o8 y% y
prevV = init_V; - H, Q) \$ v- e& w" m+ L. j7 o
initial = 1;
! P# ^+ ?6 C% ^, o b& R! A( Zelse prevx = x(:,t-1);
9 `7 O# Y" s) I; F' x* d. {prevV = V(:,:,t-1); & P8 {4 V+ z8 u7 |! k. v1 |: K
initial = 0; 9 f3 O! s; w$ f8 u# d
end 2 L! b* B& z5 f% e# b6 Z* L
if isempty(u)
% {/ ]6 l% G8 y: e; a+ s" Y[x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ... " ~" D8 |) l/ R* f2 m: K" I+ ~3 Y8 Q
kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, 'initial', initial); else
! V& ]2 j$ @ O p' P8 v if isempty(ndx) [x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ...
I8 D0 q( L* f kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(:,:,m));
, E: `' ~5 |* X# P3 `else
( _9 {3 ^" q* k- W" \' li = ndx;
i3 `, }5 M8 c: n+ x8 x% copy over all elements; only some will get updated x(:,t) = prevx;
) q6 N, K9 m, P5 E2 h0 ]$ fprevP = inv(prevV); 0 H- ^+ z$ l" \ q+ ~7 ?
prevPsmall = prevP(i,i); / ]- n" f. o y' a% G1 v2 b, h
prevVsmall = inv(prevPsmall); 1 t2 m5 a6 {3 i7 S. p8 y# \" d
[x(i,t), smallV, LL, VV(i,i,t)] = ... kalman_update(A(i,i,m), C(:,i,m), Q(i,i,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx(i), prevVsmall, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(i,:,m)); , U, \0 G0 f ?2 ]" q& h4 Z
smallP = inv(smallV);
. ?- S- X8 @7 G tprevP(i,i) = smallP;
2 x, N6 O5 }; ^- ]2 fV(:,:,t) = inv(prevP);
" A! i% t, k$ X6 d7 L9 u; _end
% ~9 F( M3 j0 ~# B3 [6 |end " G, i: r7 t8 k& m7 J8 n7 H
loglik = loglik + LL;
0 v f( x( J. k( J, E/ ]- S( Fend |
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