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数学中国总编辑
TA的每日心情 | 衰 2016-11-18 10:46 |
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签到天数: 206 天 [LV.7]常住居民III 超级版主
群组: 2011年第一期数学建模 群组: 第一期sas基础实训课堂 群组: 第二届数模基础实训 群组: 2012第二期MCM/ICM优秀 群组: MCM优秀论文解析专题 |
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发表于 2011-11-28 10:48
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matlab下面的kalman滤波程序 l( N/ `. h5 ^9 w* S- ?1 I. v' O
clear N=200; w(1)=0; 7 L- p5 v& e, O- {7 O- D8 D
w=randn(1,N) 8 ~1 R8 `! P- e
x(1)=0; # N( ]2 }6 ]7 |* d
a=1; 8 ~/ W5 X/ ?" \
for k=2:N; * j4 o4 A# t$ S, @5 p
x(k)=a*x(k-1)+w(k-1); 1 f) N3 y0 T% ~7 C* a" Q
end % v3 D& E# ~2 k+ }
V=randn(1,N);
3 x) E, e2 t% H1 Wq1=std(V);
& m( R; h- z5 Y+ @ @9 JRvv=q1.^2;
4 n/ B/ }5 d9 c$ X! U5 u; L! ?q2=std(x); 1 x0 ~" S' P/ G, |) [. [7 |/ b
Rxx=q2.^2;
" Z/ g- L, W: m- o: Yq3=std(w);
. Y: V8 ^2 n9 W) Z$ S, J, ?) K4 uRww=q3.^2; 5 E& P! S$ q9 K+ v
c=0.2; % N' K% b2 Z: X6 a
Y=c*x+V;
# M) x/ i& g1 s$ ^, @+ R0 k6 wp(1)=0; ; {4 `9 s) ] T4 X
s(1)=0;
* L7 b& I' ]' O0 G5 h4 E' J0 E9 T1 yfor t=2:N; 5 [0 N4 Z6 m8 z) t$ E7 @
p1(t)=a.^2*p(t-1)+Rww; ; M7 @; x; G" |6 b
b(t)=c*p1(t)/(c.^2*p1(t)+Rvv);
$ Y, j% K1 `; k0 P- P( Ms(t)=a*s(t-1)+b(t)*(Y(t)-a*c*s(t-1)); ! K* I6 s8 ?! N4 n
p(t)=p1(t)-c*b(t)*p1(t); # p8 n" p8 D$ H" D" d
end & V6 L8 P6 B; L* W8 Y& z4 b1 v
t=1:N; $ i% y& ~& L- x& g6 e+ P% E* t, ?3 A6 F
plot(t,s,'r',t,Y,'g',t,x,'b');
; V w W7 F* C4 |8 f7 ], n0 y0 Kfunction [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, varargin)
0 _$ @1 S: t8 x* K9 f) h- t% Kalman filter.
& R8 F' D7 }0 G+ L1 I# n2 Q. z% [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, ...) / g( }3 N2 D+ w
% + e$ r/ c7 C' f) ?
% INPUTS:
8 _7 f9 h: _& g/ c. b% y(:,t) - the observation at time t
. V& o" O; {3 F4 [3 Y9 L, a% A - the system matrix 9 f$ ]& ?5 |: Y! I
% C - the observation matrix
$ S6 _5 p; h; F* Z1 D% Q - the system covariance
& b% c$ n9 M3 K% @2 o. F9 F6 H% R - the observation covariance ( }! O) F% ~* Q1 b( {8 T! X% f
% init_x - the initial state (column) vector
; V; j/ I8 T0 J1 z/ X" M7 Y% init_V - the initial state covariance # a! R: y" G" m1 f! D [" V
%
& U& W7 ^3 L3 H" l+ L' F% OPTIONAL INPUTS (string/value pairs [default in brackets]) ! E9 d/ p) \% _
% 'model' - model(t)=m means use params from model m at time t [ones(1,T) ]
4 T" e" \8 v- o; Z3 L, K% In this case, all the above matrices take an additional final dimension,
. @7 F9 e( E. a& s4 v4 S+ r% i.e., A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m). x( D& q. q8 z2 K* D; O
% However, init_x and init_V are independent of model(1). # r4 k/ t6 D4 e8 C; e8 [) s' O
% 'u' - u(:,t) the control signal at time t [ [] ]
9 t2 T+ M3 G: { X6 _& G/ H% 'B' - B(:,:,m) the input regression matrix for model m
1 a; j7 p+ [ u%
( [- A& C0 O4 {* q W% OUTPUTS (where X is the hidden state being estimated) " ? b5 Q! Y2 L/ B' x0 e
% x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)] 0 C, a ^# ]' M2 q
% V(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)] ' F% ^5 G! R0 s9 u: k
% VV(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t), X(:,t-1) | y(:,1:t)] t >= 2
+ M e3 u2 d- | A+ m2 A1 o' {. I% loglik = sum{t=1}^T log P(y(:,t)) - @; o9 i" [8 N! j
%
$ P9 Y2 t9 v4 B% If an input signal is specified, we also condition on it:
! M! [+ b- c% S0 A8 `! ?# R% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t)]
1 }6 a! i4 p$ g. g% If a model sequence is specified, we also condition on it:
# m, n- V- y& z" B% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t), m(1:t)]
3 X+ n; j: ^& a- T[os T] = size(y); ' h7 U. @5 |) W; p8 h
ss = size(A,1); % size of state space 7 | { e5 _, Y
% set default params
, w7 |. q; {( Y5 `; ~: G7 f0 Jmodel = ones(1,T); 0 p! z+ |3 g; U6 S6 K4 n
u = [];
& \6 t- z- {+ fB = []; 3 S3 L3 o/ C! x
ndx = [];
8 `: K( Y8 q$ {$ U: z: \ ?" w8 dargs = varargin;
2 O/ f; e5 B6 t: ~& ]6 w3 w( j( knargs = length(args);
( S. U4 g+ R- m Dfor i=1:2:nargs # J. n5 B) ]* _4 x8 c
switch args
/ y* W c7 c. |! {7 L8 p& b A* xcase 'model', model = args{i+1};
' N# K) F+ x+ m8 K- N8 I/ r5 zcase 'u', u = args{i+1}; ) { V% ]& O, [$ a4 G" Y, ]
case 'B', B = args{i+1};
* e: w1 w! c: @, mcase 'ndx', ndx = args{i+1}; - F4 T9 {; ^+ k
otherwise, error(['unrecognized argument ' args]) 3 F3 g0 a3 O3 N1 ~( w% j
end
3 C1 P, Q0 L2 H5 M9 S. uend ! f4 U! j1 v- q7 i' ^4 J
x = zeros(ss, T); ) G2 C* q' f( S0 U7 S
V = zeros(ss, ss, T);
+ G$ O) S/ L% O$ WVV = zeros(ss, ss, T);
! ]0 M9 \2 Y" _" M* `% ~: nloglik = 0;
5 `6 |4 T4 Z4 k9 H: ?" yfor t=1:T m = model(t); % r' u2 @7 {- s1 I$ h
if t==1 %prevx = init_x(:,m);
, p& }/ D4 A( @: t; d%prevV = init_V(:,:,m);
5 }: Y& N; _" C8 p5 f5 kprevx = init_x;
5 \0 r [" ]2 ?1 U" V% w* cprevV = init_V; ( r6 D4 h5 Y v9 y( g( u
initial = 1; # i" R5 ~% H0 p& I; e
else prevx = x(:,t-1);
/ v% C/ [, F0 T" W& RprevV = V(:,:,t-1); # M+ z) r q$ ?* O9 }
initial = 0; 2 S6 D/ F& e! Q# v3 m' o% L
end - L; h2 j% U |8 R; e
if isempty(u) 9 M! D. Z/ T# ?3 G+ I: c
[x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ...
. {/ k7 }1 A* ?) `kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, 'initial', initial); else
q6 v; c2 H, o' u' m- e. | if isempty(ndx) [x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ... + |8 C' G5 E2 _! ]
kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(:,:,m));
- w0 |9 ?- |- y3 k: t$ W# U* Celse ' [1 M$ `; F6 f, O; }! N3 n5 A! v
i = ndx; 0 ^, d5 C8 J- o0 u$ B' L
% copy over all elements; only some will get updated x(:,t) = prevx; ( B4 \$ \; i! ~9 _5 w- ~
prevP = inv(prevV);
* e: ]2 X$ r# z( z* V9 g: mprevPsmall = prevP(i,i);
. ?: e. s- a7 ] v# ?5 E6 z" WprevVsmall = inv(prevPsmall);
: L/ H# }# ~& ^& P" | ]6 h[x(i,t), smallV, LL, VV(i,i,t)] = ... kalman_update(A(i,i,m), C(:,i,m), Q(i,i,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx(i), prevVsmall, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(i,:,m));
3 y$ P9 N+ C+ d3 ~smallP = inv(smallV); 7 s+ `8 u8 u! H) q5 h) Q
prevP(i,i) = smallP;
; l( q% W8 T" K* _6 _6 aV(:,:,t) = inv(prevP); 1 L: Q0 _9 W& ^! q, T: Z3 V
end
. p. J3 V* W0 y! [' U: H- }end ) p* G8 n9 ? k( C0 _* {7 C* c2 S
loglik = loglik + LL;
, w1 K" X, l1 m2 iend |
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