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极坐标图象
3 V* R# x4 A- P$ b& T& v( @ Matlab中包括一个重要的函数叫做polar,它用于在极坐标系中画图。这个函数的基本形式如下:
9 w" A% Q) ] g' c( O; Ypolar(theta,r)
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w- B$ r* G+ d其是theta代表一个弧度角数组,r代表一个距离数组。它用来画以角度为自变量的函数的极坐标图是非常有用的。 7 h5 X+ T4 q, s( v1 a# U# X
例3.5
! q& K1 h9 b( W心形麦克风
. _3 f7 N6 |9 D5 e4 J0 w为舞台表演设计的麦克风大多都是定向麦克风,它能够增大来自演唱者的信号,抑制后面观众的噪声信号。一个心形麦克风的增益gain是关于角度θ的函数,关系式如下 0 L. n! b6 u. T" h3 N; Y# V/ |
Gain=2g(1+cosθ) (3.3)
* c; W) b, _/ p& Q其中g是和特定的心形麦克风有关的常量。θ是声源和麦克风之间的夹角。假设一个麦克风的g是0.5,画出函数Gain的极坐标图。
8 N, Z" s0 Q9 ]$ d答案:我们必须计算出与角度对应的函数值,然后画出相应的极坐标图。产生的结果如图3.7所示。注意这种麦克风叫做心形麦克风,所以得出来曲线的形状像颗心。 . \2 P+ J$ y; @% ]8 L; ^
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file:///C:/Users/lx/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif
1 @: r3 N5 b. B9 ?9 u代码如下:
( w5 V( `1 h# W2 H+ W3 h- <div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Scriptfile: microphone.m</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%Purpose:</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Thisprogram plots the gain pattern of a cardioid</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% microphone.</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Recordof revisions:</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% DateProgrammer Description of change</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% ============== =====================</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% </font></font><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">12/10/97</font></font><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">S. J. Chapman Original code</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Definevariables:</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% g --Microphone gain constant</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% gain --Gain as a function of angle</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% theta-- Angle from microphone axis (radians)</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">%Calculate gain versus angle</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">g = 0.5;</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">theta =0:pi/20:2*pi;</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">gain =2*g*(1+cos(theta));</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">% Plotgain</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">polar(theta,gain,'r-');</font></font></div><div align="left"><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">title('Gain versus angle \it\theta');</font></font></div>
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