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数学中国总编辑
TA的每日心情 | 衰 2016-11-18 10:46 |
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签到天数: 206 天 [LV.7]常住居民III 超级版主
群组: 2011年第一期数学建模 群组: 第一期sas基础实训课堂 群组: 第二届数模基础实训 群组: 2012第二期MCM/ICM优秀 群组: MCM优秀论文解析专题 |
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发表于 2011-11-28 10:48
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matlab下面的kalman滤波程序7 B% ?- _# a0 j. I, U, ]
clear N=200; w(1)=0;
% b: K1 B* n7 kw=randn(1,N)
7 Z( v- `7 t/ \3 _; mx(1)=0;
9 i9 V3 A5 u4 i' Xa=1;
* @! D7 Y9 s! T4 }0 u# W+ _for k=2:N;
" G! V* O& V/ Q K( {. G3 C. Y; Sx(k)=a*x(k-1)+w(k-1); * [8 e- [, M+ A3 [" G
end ( Q# o0 D. [4 ]; o2 W3 G
V=randn(1,N);
/ Y( r. {4 X! @8 Bq1=std(V);
' }- ^1 c( T) T6 R% V: yRvv=q1.^2; * G% C; G* o/ }. L
q2=std(x);
8 M' m# ?: N+ aRxx=q2.^2; ( E7 P$ `, F: ~$ s& X X( [( \
q3=std(w);
1 t' D& o5 t! e9 O ?Rww=q3.^2;
+ e/ m4 b8 \5 v0 G2 ^c=0.2;
7 {. T- s& [1 H, c1 Y$ N, kY=c*x+V; 9 l2 Y$ T# O0 g9 a, }0 `
p(1)=0;
, t- M* F3 r* u4 X& ys(1)=0;6 p9 | Y7 {. }" V' y* ?* p, f
for t=2:N; ) n: `! ~! l1 Q: V2 O3 l7 D
p1(t)=a.^2*p(t-1)+Rww;
& l/ ?6 X$ U* r1 o+ u ob(t)=c*p1(t)/(c.^2*p1(t)+Rvv); % B& C* u+ |4 t( w/ _& h; A
s(t)=a*s(t-1)+b(t)*(Y(t)-a*c*s(t-1)); 5 [* ]' H8 o+ e6 y: h% A% i0 v+ j
p(t)=p1(t)-c*b(t)*p1(t); 8 W% [1 `/ W- ~$ }; R: V
end
' X) X9 p2 M4 I' J7 Jt=1:N; & R6 l6 I" C, \( A! `) c- r8 j
plot(t,s,'r',t,Y,'g',t,x,'b'); . `- R. Q9 k0 u
function [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, varargin)
! ?7 [. ?8 B9 a7 ?. L% Kalman filter. 2 v5 i5 r4 F$ K& k0 _
% [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, ...)
5 r& d8 z) k: l- ?" L% 4 l# b+ w& @6 ?- Z1 v
% INPUTS: , \1 R3 C* j2 C- [# ~
% y(:,t) - the observation at time t + `# Q( ?; y' l4 _: X
% A - the system matrix , L2 P0 c8 r! D+ M
% C - the observation matrix $ l4 z& j% F0 Q. \
% Q - the system covariance ( F- ?6 e6 D$ P
% R - the observation covariance
. D) l( O# O9 e# G2 g# D; Y i$ A! B% init_x - the initial state (column) vector - V3 z& y9 B- x5 l
% init_V - the initial state covariance 2 @' ^) y S! }1 X1 @; R
%
: B4 I8 e4 G! P8 x; @2 e! Q) C% OPTIONAL INPUTS (string/value pairs [default in brackets]) ( F/ G3 O# R9 M$ e6 l; C1 Q
% 'model' - model(t)=m means use params from model m at time t [ones(1,T) ]
7 Y- `. R4 d% A% In this case, all the above matrices take an additional final dimension, 9 o% c! W. h [3 M8 H
% i.e., A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m). 4 S- @0 g4 }- Q) q: v
% However, init_x and init_V are independent of model(1). 3 O* s N$ a# F
% 'u' - u(:,t) the control signal at time t [ [] ]
0 b: H* s# ~+ u' X, _, \% 'B' - B(:,:,m) the input regression matrix for model m
1 N8 k; o1 s0 | W1 `- O9 l+ a%
$ Z; {$ D& W2 a5 B- L. @* H% OUTPUTS (where X is the hidden state being estimated)
$ K, m5 p9 u' R( ?- f1 D' m% x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)] ! U7 o2 l C, O6 o) y
% V(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)]
' J% ~# K. ^7 U: x/ b+ o% VV(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t), X(:,t-1) | y(:,1:t)] t >= 2 $ J; H; v/ m. D+ N- U5 h; R
% loglik = sum{t=1}^T log P(y(:,t)) % l z: }) L' d* @/ M1 x! Y* s$ l
% % ]4 Y$ g$ v/ D7 {: p( {1 P
% If an input signal is specified, we also condition on it: $ ?) h3 y2 s3 {
% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t)]
N+ H4 o. |! a2 O, k. R& H% If a model sequence is specified, we also condition on it:
# Y i2 ~: b7 h: K% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t), m(1:t)]
$ e: E8 W# N5 a[os T] = size(y);
- [* s2 X% N; i! }* Vss = size(A,1); % size of state space , k( j1 s/ D, o4 @5 z( D! s: H: P& j
% set default params 8 r' A ]; b: n
model = ones(1,T);
5 o6 _4 e- c2 L) {2 c: ?u = [];
) s2 h, W- j/ }B = [];
% }2 G3 m( E" e( J9 w* Q4 B4 |; Indx = [];
7 ?8 ^0 T }- W% Y9 oargs = varargin;
* A' h2 X' }7 q( N: b, ]nargs = length(args);
, m0 k: S5 ?2 ]. V$ `6 M9 vfor i=1:2:nargs 6 R- S# N$ e( x/ R& M* `8 }2 x
switch args # r% Q$ U/ d3 m) j, M/ ~% K
case 'model', model = args{i+1}; 2 D5 {3 E* A2 z8 N- m9 f; J
case 'u', u = args{i+1}; 0 W6 L) i* y* W8 O
case 'B', B = args{i+1};
0 Z0 d4 a( B" V2 P% l9 kcase 'ndx', ndx = args{i+1};
4 C2 Z, x2 ~8 Notherwise, error(['unrecognized argument ' args])
, b* [4 t# Y% g3 [; cend * ?: x! M2 k' O$ J" Q; s
end
, M D- b3 B* ]) s3 n* qx = zeros(ss, T); 0 h* K0 F5 }2 k
V = zeros(ss, ss, T); 5 S: @, B: ?9 C) O1 N/ }( _
VV = zeros(ss, ss, T);
; w) h8 N! Q+ v( k! t# Yloglik = 0;
" B: n2 G; E% n! H+ c4 F2 Bfor t=1:T m = model(t);
1 O `8 J1 D4 d, r% v/ F: }if t==1 %prevx = init_x(:,m); 0 E u1 Y0 n) u) ~* k
%prevV = init_V(:,:,m); 2 v5 b. I8 H* h' l
prevx = init_x; ; y, K# o1 t/ R6 o: }5 | T, T
prevV = init_V; 4 z+ Z5 {8 O0 H8 C7 A
initial = 1;
- q% N) K! Y3 M) U6 _+ X/ l3 d$ helse prevx = x(:,t-1); . M1 h$ t7 D6 s. O7 x$ F, d! [* E
prevV = V(:,:,t-1); ) X8 l t& W, o* `+ ?; ^2 i
initial = 0;
! y; o6 ]* g& t# P: ?+ ] W( V% fend ) L& l$ d x4 ^7 z6 q
if isempty(u)
, q2 s$ ^3 `1 Y8 Z" ?% g1 M2 r! d# j[x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ...
* w* t7 l9 L. @" ?3 ]7 s# P. Nkalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, 'initial', initial); else % W! D) Q6 B R3 b
if isempty(ndx) [x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ...
' ~. ]1 E9 x+ h! i kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(:,:,m)); 6 V& p, A& s0 S0 ?! a) a
else 4 W7 n' X* ]) j" q) b7 ~
i = ndx;
. x& _( }6 Y, K2 y% copy over all elements; only some will get updated x(:,t) = prevx; . k" ?9 w- Y& S6 R! C
prevP = inv(prevV); 6 K* Y& |" e# p$ ]5 {" |# p9 C
prevPsmall = prevP(i,i); ; A" |/ |3 X& R. r( t
prevVsmall = inv(prevPsmall); + e/ m! Q( z& k+ g# G
[x(i,t), smallV, LL, VV(i,i,t)] = ... kalman_update(A(i,i,m), C(:,i,m), Q(i,i,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx(i), prevVsmall, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(i,:,m));
# _# ?4 @/ A0 q" F+ Q6 XsmallP = inv(smallV);
* U* Y) L. a* g' z, g/ MprevP(i,i) = smallP;
( z- L1 H, k$ z: GV(:,:,t) = inv(prevP); ' q# a& t# M0 t/ W6 Q' R, o
end ! L. }& ?) _6 K% j! M+ {
end ( x! B" `6 o2 c% v" k- E
loglik = loglik + LL; 0 y# w) Z3 M$ v. Q6 m) Z" m @
end |
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