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数学中国总编辑
TA的每日心情 | 衰 2016-11-18 10:46 |
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签到天数: 206 天 [LV.7]常住居民III 超级版主
群组: 2011年第一期数学建模 群组: 第一期sas基础实训课堂 群组: 第二届数模基础实训 群组: 2012第二期MCM/ICM优秀 群组: MCM优秀论文解析专题 |
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发表于 2011-11-28 10:48
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matlab下面的kalman滤波程序: s9 A% `/ w6 s' p- H3 S
clear N=200; w(1)=0;
1 r9 r% g5 C2 e- b+ ?8 u" |w=randn(1,N)
" x7 U% u; Z, z/ e4 {: F) Zx(1)=0;
/ n0 v% e$ f% V; [: va=1; - c1 i- K c9 ]6 q& O0 ]
for k=2:N;
7 Y; b$ P% `& ~3 F. a- Yx(k)=a*x(k-1)+w(k-1); : J7 o. a6 H" I3 ~" z! R3 S
end
1 c; j6 H0 w: y2 ZV=randn(1,N);
n1 [5 S1 E+ r- S! S- l Q2 |5 e/ E8 bq1=std(V);
& r h9 ^, T, O8 A9 yRvv=q1.^2;
+ Z% j1 U. ?8 ~* Dq2=std(x);
; P% N& ~2 u0 Y# I {Rxx=q2.^2; * k$ S. x2 F G3 @, G9 \
q3=std(w);
" }! c. Z0 B' q. T0 [+ lRww=q3.^2;
6 X" k' ^9 ]% {c=0.2;
( b6 @, C5 M0 R, H# f+ ~4 L% q9 RY=c*x+V; & s( g: v% I! p. T7 K
p(1)=0;
X8 `4 k5 p9 y$ v% Z/ F7 ]4 Ws(1)=0;2 c3 e( C; Z0 `4 T) i: w% W
for t=2:N;
% k1 r' F7 |8 q. c }6 a+ `p1(t)=a.^2*p(t-1)+Rww;
% M! L; B- Q& Z% z5 @- {. Zb(t)=c*p1(t)/(c.^2*p1(t)+Rvv); ^2 E6 _4 @5 _; r4 B
s(t)=a*s(t-1)+b(t)*(Y(t)-a*c*s(t-1));
1 i: |7 g9 k) }/ W( Gp(t)=p1(t)-c*b(t)*p1(t);
3 O" X; n: ?$ s2 d4 p1 [end 0 T( d4 d# }. t- S0 q
t=1:N;
}9 s. G1 j% e- g1 Q5 z4 Oplot(t,s,'r',t,Y,'g',t,x,'b');
7 R: W3 @' }) `) j7 f) [$ [function [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, varargin) 8 q" M8 K6 ~8 B f# o. Y! l/ u
% Kalman filter. ( a% ]) h6 O3 w* l ?7 k" b
% [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, ...) & o! y: u! g+ q1 [+ V- s
% ! g2 ~* e% ^8 p" F) x# Z. x0 ]
% INPUTS: 1 i& w9 H4 a0 ?, Y
% y(:,t) - the observation at time t ( k+ ?8 S- I+ [, H. X! g" y. S
% A - the system matrix
* ^- }7 r$ @/ F. Y& H" A+ I( K& b% C - the observation matrix
x) s; E% N$ j0 T; z' I% Q - the system covariance
8 B2 l( |3 t' W# Z% R - the observation covariance : x u; i1 i5 x) j, {' A* }2 W
% init_x - the initial state (column) vector
: n9 k: w/ J2 T! C: E! Y3 @, y0 P5 R% init_V - the initial state covariance
F/ m. a: c+ e: ^2 c! y%
* s; l9 A" J4 P* o, _4 {% OPTIONAL INPUTS (string/value pairs [default in brackets]) & T4 W" K6 Y7 Z5 S
% 'model' - model(t)=m means use params from model m at time t [ones(1,T) ] ; U. g& q: H9 V* O$ U) y# V8 p
% In this case, all the above matrices take an additional final dimension, ; y3 Q0 a9 g( R, H% m
% i.e., A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m). " P$ }. T6 A( M( ~0 u1 G
% However, init_x and init_V are independent of model(1).
2 d) b$ `. g& h8 O% 'u' - u(:,t) the control signal at time t [ [] ]
' S% {8 X8 f c6 b. a, z% 'B' - B(:,:,m) the input regression matrix for model m V! F2 E/ u4 J3 o
% 0 L1 }4 [* ]3 @" E4 m9 t- F
% OUTPUTS (where X is the hidden state being estimated)
+ ]: [5 A# g* G/ Q* Z! r) H2 C% x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)] . [" r+ j4 H2 J9 o3 E
% V(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)] ; `5 l5 j4 t7 X6 t) g
% VV(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t), X(:,t-1) | y(:,1:t)] t >= 2
& T) u# Z; {; r: S4 X% loglik = sum{t=1}^T log P(y(:,t))
, }+ Y$ y( |- o |9 X%
0 F4 T! g4 m4 ~6 m( d& ?% If an input signal is specified, we also condition on it:
) J! x. h$ z `0 Z" P% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t)] 0 `2 y9 [: I# \8 t. |% G
% If a model sequence is specified, we also condition on it:
! ?) ?5 }2 n+ U% |+ ?; Y% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t), m(1:t)]
4 W8 U5 l1 f: P4 v[os T] = size(y);
5 n6 F' b* e7 |6 z& z0 y+ ]4 M$ Z! oss = size(A,1); % size of state space 5 }0 G' m9 i5 Q2 w0 F6 `
% set default params ; L! V/ w1 G8 _9 V
model = ones(1,T); 0 {' ^, a. Z, B0 o( N
u = []; - L4 F7 F3 o4 }9 ]+ j
B = [];
" N% ~5 J; B7 b' ]ndx = []; + I2 i& _. T" j+ W' {
args = varargin;
& U' z8 V2 b$ a; k$ u7 P- O* Gnargs = length(args);
8 w) P3 A7 y% X2 mfor i=1:2:nargs 7 |5 @, Q" \. c3 m/ y# x: j; ]
switch args # S' q; [- f5 p/ [9 k
case 'model', model = args{i+1}; 7 S/ L: _+ g% |3 P5 n
case 'u', u = args{i+1};
4 J1 C' h# B0 j. j9 C3 ecase 'B', B = args{i+1}; 6 u- z4 t' b4 }% B3 E$ z
case 'ndx', ndx = args{i+1};
1 C* b, T5 x! w' L( t, ]/ `$ lotherwise, error(['unrecognized argument ' args]) 6 e2 X( `# o3 p; o: }# o+ C; b
end
, ?1 t t( a1 N. t0 x9 v0 Y3 cend
& {. w! t% C; P" cx = zeros(ss, T);
3 {$ U3 q8 c! Q# M) T T5 ~/ bV = zeros(ss, ss, T);
) f. M! g2 `: c& K$ R+ @VV = zeros(ss, ss, T); / O o* _/ y$ }, ^% l3 {: F1 V+ L* H
loglik = 0;
& U! Q% F9 }( ~1 Kfor t=1:T m = model(t);
( S8 i1 ]: `7 k+ E- U3 S& q4 Aif t==1 %prevx = init_x(:,m); 8 ?% R2 C- p- A4 o2 f
%prevV = init_V(:,:,m); ) A7 Y' Q5 \& L7 c2 V: r, b
prevx = init_x;
5 x- K: P9 m) KprevV = init_V;
* n' U4 E, s# a, u/ Yinitial = 1;
A! r3 N7 o4 P3 i1 Yelse prevx = x(:,t-1);
3 s' O! T* h- a" W1 Y$ XprevV = V(:,:,t-1);
* A: C5 c: n# }. rinitial = 0; 8 n2 N& c) \8 u6 o
end , f1 E; ^/ m9 p J3 J" b7 V
if isempty(u)
, U6 [ ~6 z8 y) H, [" R[x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ... * Y" T; X) `4 Y6 Y% @
kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, 'initial', initial); else 9 q3 R) p: v( Q4 F# i: g* m) N
if isempty(ndx) [x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ...
, w+ y* k7 v" ^& A* k: E* n kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(:,:,m)); " ?9 Q1 A5 D2 K
else ( W' x7 a8 Q/ K6 U ^+ M6 C
i = ndx; " F1 y' `$ o0 |5 y F! c
% copy over all elements; only some will get updated x(:,t) = prevx;
; g# N9 U3 P1 D# z+ v, N) bprevP = inv(prevV); 2 W! k2 u: e; k. W! Z! Y' c
prevPsmall = prevP(i,i);
$ n; `! w: k8 {" b2 zprevVsmall = inv(prevPsmall);
1 F9 j7 y. T7 ^5 H% Z2 @" ^& K[x(i,t), smallV, LL, VV(i,i,t)] = ... kalman_update(A(i,i,m), C(:,i,m), Q(i,i,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx(i), prevVsmall, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(i,:,m)); ) S, F3 C% W- A) \
smallP = inv(smallV);
) F e5 g/ o' }& l3 M2 hprevP(i,i) = smallP;
; j4 Y- K! K! R4 a F! F L) K( lV(:,:,t) = inv(prevP); , U/ i+ J2 X7 b) A4 K* a+ {
end 5 m8 W8 L% ]3 k! n
end
$ T, _: o. _' d. ~ hloglik = loglik + LL;
3 t8 L) s5 g. V; m5 Cend |
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