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数学中国总编辑
TA的每日心情 | 衰 2016-11-18 10:46 |
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签到天数: 206 天 [LV.7]常住居民III 超级版主
群组: 2011年第一期数学建模 群组: 第一期sas基础实训课堂 群组: 第二届数模基础实训 群组: 2012第二期MCM/ICM优秀 群组: MCM优秀论文解析专题 |
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发表于 2011-11-28 10:48
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matlab下面的kalman滤波程序. D! H8 ^# y# }9 `& ^1 c
clear N=200; w(1)=0; 0 {) {6 p7 f' s" E; G( Y
w=randn(1,N)
3 E2 f2 M% I( Y: hx(1)=0;
4 V. H; r5 C7 h4 r' G3 m2 Pa=1; 1 s% O w$ V1 |( E! b4 J$ e
for k=2:N;
+ U- y" I2 ~. K1 V7 cx(k)=a*x(k-1)+w(k-1); + H( o+ Y' m) \+ g+ i# O
end % p' G; i* f% l, X$ S& o
V=randn(1,N); ( j6 ?4 [* }$ L$ k9 H6 S, m
q1=std(V);
2 E4 ~' Y( O/ \6 `# d( B/ ]Rvv=q1.^2;
9 a% z; \ G' c0 O3 o# mq2=std(x);
, J, {3 _! z" b, A+ R* G. V3 RRxx=q2.^2; " w3 c0 i9 ~3 ]- @& V+ B
q3=std(w);
3 S5 u( Q: b% a9 H( E! h0 sRww=q3.^2; ; B+ W1 j4 A; a; V
c=0.2; $ p9 \3 Y: O7 N
Y=c*x+V; 5 s6 h, L |. Y3 {
p(1)=0;
+ ?# D9 A) h2 ~( M) F( Zs(1)=0;& ]' D7 R- L+ L" \' v+ z: u4 Y
for t=2:N;
) | u: r7 a. n; u' Z* |1 B2 `p1(t)=a.^2*p(t-1)+Rww; 2 i' G/ ]7 [/ |
b(t)=c*p1(t)/(c.^2*p1(t)+Rvv); I0 Q7 `5 B& }- U
s(t)=a*s(t-1)+b(t)*(Y(t)-a*c*s(t-1));
6 P9 k8 G$ ?9 U. Q; D" u" _ F7 Bp(t)=p1(t)-c*b(t)*p1(t);
4 n: A' G( P4 j+ u4 u6 b: Uend ) r' s& n( s, y1 M, a# `6 \
t=1:N;
9 }0 D' [9 i% v0 {plot(t,s,'r',t,Y,'g',t,x,'b'); ( E5 b: @, R/ c0 C! x- U8 E
function [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, varargin)
# m9 i L" W& n K1 N2 O3 F% Kalman filter.
3 b. `. z& I9 r3 v/ P# u2 g% [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, ...)
# B" {' A* }+ ~5 x/ q: L% * W/ `2 b8 p2 R' U5 k4 R
% INPUTS:
; A$ }" h4 K- L9 M$ H( q: ?% y(:,t) - the observation at time t
# S9 f S' Z) u( {* m# x7 f) X% A - the system matrix
0 t8 `" H7 v( P% C - the observation matrix g. h& S5 ~' H, p3 G* V* W6 L& M% f
% Q - the system covariance
: ~- p4 }& I3 e& u& _% R - the observation covariance
: \ ?$ d. w- t, n x4 g% init_x - the initial state (column) vector ; Q, g9 ]" [6 v4 q& h# }
% init_V - the initial state covariance
, V( J, i4 |( N7 y- w% F* g( K3 b% . \8 t$ i4 V2 ^0 K# g! t
% OPTIONAL INPUTS (string/value pairs [default in brackets])
" Y' N) ~+ U) }8 P& J% 'model' - model(t)=m means use params from model m at time t [ones(1,T) ]
$ f) r7 z( x' X$ w% In this case, all the above matrices take an additional final dimension, ) Q6 c/ l1 U' X7 L5 V: `0 k
% i.e., A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m).
]/ F8 Q( f2 M# J N9 }% However, init_x and init_V are independent of model(1). % u6 w" u9 j: A# e" B3 i1 v5 K
% 'u' - u(:,t) the control signal at time t [ [] ]
4 B2 O" N- q5 K: V8 j% 'B' - B(:,:,m) the input regression matrix for model m
- M. X& w, C) C%
: `. _, ^) Z8 V; ?6 s) P% OUTPUTS (where X is the hidden state being estimated)
1 _0 m9 ]" u6 x+ H7 q; z% x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)] $ t1 p O: N9 J" Z
% V(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)]
, D3 U' U/ G: x. u4 k3 V% VV(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t), X(:,t-1) | y(:,1:t)] t >= 2
( z: V0 w5 `0 B; t* q: l% loglik = sum{t=1}^T log P(y(:,t)) 0 N2 F, b4 v7 @, q7 }* S
%
" D1 L K# z% b4 C( ]) f6 U% If an input signal is specified, we also condition on it:
. M* j6 m* K; B! O' \8 r/ w) g- i; @% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t)] + h8 _0 y; X& ? J% s) m
% If a model sequence is specified, we also condition on it: ! s; H6 l* R/ ~7 W8 {, J2 Z
% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t), m(1:t)] ) }# g$ o3 ?/ M) O9 ^5 U
[os T] = size(y);
+ e4 y; M/ C3 P- P" y% w3 bss = size(A,1); % size of state space 0 s: n+ |6 w! ]7 z* H
% set default params 3 S4 P( ^' `) d
model = ones(1,T); ! ~4 |" b) F- V# d5 g6 [
u = []; 4 r. R, D' M( w9 j8 G
B = [];
' o( t/ J: I" l( Jndx = []; : |6 ^ g! B8 i
args = varargin; ) h& q2 _( U& g- z9 x8 Y
nargs = length(args);
) k. e7 w( `* J' B' ?. Ifor i=1:2:nargs & x# J9 z; |: @7 E! X7 G
switch args
1 A% f' s }: X# Qcase 'model', model = args{i+1}; ) a9 }1 e5 y% |3 m
case 'u', u = args{i+1}; . C3 [2 p% A) p
case 'B', B = args{i+1};
5 o- }. B. R3 h' g% r9 acase 'ndx', ndx = args{i+1}; ; j& D; p6 o# e R' I$ Y1 N6 v
otherwise, error(['unrecognized argument ' args])
+ l5 H- I4 t$ \, ?$ [( _1 Nend - M2 z: A. S% R( E+ \6 E c4 n& q
end ) d" q: p3 a( K' {& [0 u+ ^; u; B
x = zeros(ss, T);
$ s( u! O* x( m+ ]V = zeros(ss, ss, T);
, P/ n8 N/ T( N# P9 Q& K) |. |VV = zeros(ss, ss, T); 3 N& k9 E4 D( E/ H/ C4 t" M' y
loglik = 0; , J" P. `& {4 M, A% b# T
for t=1:T m = model(t); 6 |, R; |+ h5 k* B- D" o
if t==1 %prevx = init_x(:,m);
; v6 w- d) l: z6 y* S%prevV = init_V(:,:,m);
* x& J {/ t! c! t* Z3 q7 jprevx = init_x;
( r* R' I( k, HprevV = init_V; I$ K* U/ f/ F" r
initial = 1; 3 b5 ]4 l( U; f
else prevx = x(:,t-1);
" X, ]- d' k7 z+ T3 Z+ `# T) w+ ]5 FprevV = V(:,:,t-1);
- t; V# e9 E0 T7 Qinitial = 0;
$ C- U9 j9 }( G" E* w' vend % l' Z9 X9 a" U! A
if isempty(u) " P5 e$ n+ ^5 Q! C( m2 V. ?
[x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ... ( A7 p- ?4 d; |* g
kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, 'initial', initial); else 0 @1 K* p3 y& p& ]$ x
if isempty(ndx) [x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ... - ]% G% Z9 s4 \8 g6 q
kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(:,:,m)); 2 a$ @ m9 O* [: f6 X; B" c" l
else
' _. E+ v$ O7 V+ G# di = ndx; . E- r, b; I5 o# J, z4 D. A5 @1 E( Q
% copy over all elements; only some will get updated x(:,t) = prevx; 9 S3 p9 s! N. ^, u6 p* x
prevP = inv(prevV); $ \' N1 x9 U+ o; }. z$ o
prevPsmall = prevP(i,i); + x6 E+ N" ^/ Y
prevVsmall = inv(prevPsmall);
, X- R; L" j! `8 L$ D2 j[x(i,t), smallV, LL, VV(i,i,t)] = ... kalman_update(A(i,i,m), C(:,i,m), Q(i,i,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx(i), prevVsmall, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(i,:,m)); $ {- f7 s& y) k4 _
smallP = inv(smallV); ' `6 {' B t9 j8 C$ b) n3 o
prevP(i,i) = smallP; 8 S! K+ F( L5 c' U
V(:,:,t) = inv(prevP); 0 N& E! i2 Y. P4 ] h
end 5 X: o! O) l$ h* C' O0 ^0 w
end
+ X! M2 O/ p; y+ Z; D4 vloglik = loglik + LL;
( w' b( N& ^6 t$ Nend |
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