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数学中国总编辑
TA的每日心情 | 衰 2016-11-18 10:46 |
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签到天数: 206 天 [LV.7]常住居民III 超级版主
群组: 2011年第一期数学建模 群组: 第一期sas基础实训课堂 群组: 第二届数模基础实训 群组: 2012第二期MCM/ICM优秀 群组: MCM优秀论文解析专题 |
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发表于 2011-11-28 10:48
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matlab下面的kalman滤波程序
, B& K# u9 C0 x" B- xclear N=200; w(1)=0; % p8 ^+ {4 c+ D3 G# F
w=randn(1,N) ! K* |. B/ {/ s" N. u
x(1)=0;
T4 r" ~ f5 N$ D' j: na=1;
- a0 [" G* g% r5 Mfor k=2:N;
' i$ z, O/ F5 M1 z: v+ Nx(k)=a*x(k-1)+w(k-1); 6 P) v4 h* J3 @4 l9 B
end j7 R7 R3 q/ [& Q# B
V=randn(1,N);
; D! w9 _4 u7 r6 `q1=std(V);
1 {4 Q- m9 [5 i( C2 e4 uRvv=q1.^2;
O% }0 @- O4 A- jq2=std(x);
6 s: u0 x3 j9 h% |Rxx=q2.^2;
! R: n( A8 K/ Z- i; _: U) Mq3=std(w); 4 ^1 z+ g/ J9 \
Rww=q3.^2;
6 }) ^! \) P3 X$ J1 d c4 Xc=0.2; _7 ]6 a$ C: }# z) w
Y=c*x+V;
' W8 |1 r' K7 v) }& Jp(1)=0;
; e7 p2 @* b, ?' }0 [) r8 S8 Ps(1)=0;
& g1 {/ @* Y# e0 O3 [; Ufor t=2:N;
% G9 c+ p! w* ~: D. |! d% L0 fp1(t)=a.^2*p(t-1)+Rww;
$ w3 }4 w% E' \ d+ r8 Zb(t)=c*p1(t)/(c.^2*p1(t)+Rvv); , D* q# ]; h" K1 E7 w
s(t)=a*s(t-1)+b(t)*(Y(t)-a*c*s(t-1));
3 b" ~0 Y, g) ^# w$ Rp(t)=p1(t)-c*b(t)*p1(t);
2 u: L/ @9 u' j9 ^. g4 |end
: n) U4 _% V, P$ m/ x) ~t=1:N; 4 ]& k' F! s! c: X
plot(t,s,'r',t,Y,'g',t,x,'b'); ( D. k( Q7 U/ c
function [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, varargin)
5 n, q+ A( M; F0 I% Kalman filter.
: }3 l6 Z5 m" @3 k$ P: }: t" E% [x, V, VV, loglik] = kalman_filter(y, A, C, Q, R, init_x, init_V, ...)
: Q: W ^" Q$ c# F, E! K% / A2 [* _$ D/ I7 o0 Y a5 k
% INPUTS:
' r8 N4 ~/ N: G& y% i6 `% y(:,t) - the observation at time t . J& g$ Y3 b2 H# O/ E' }
% A - the system matrix ( }, L' D9 w4 {8 t' ]9 C; U3 z
% C - the observation matrix 5 _# ]0 D; B# V6 Q* O" x
% Q - the system covariance
4 b/ Y) y3 w2 K. Z# {8 t% R - the observation covariance
: I2 ^5 O }( c3 c) X. z4 H; q% init_x - the initial state (column) vector * h3 i4 W1 p7 F
% init_V - the initial state covariance
8 A Z/ Z: P) E+ a: j%
$ w$ ^9 c3 B# _1 P3 _( y% OPTIONAL INPUTS (string/value pairs [default in brackets]) / M$ Y, M+ O9 O# f
% 'model' - model(t)=m means use params from model m at time t [ones(1,T) ] 3 q% Z" ^- h( V# I) M% k
% In this case, all the above matrices take an additional final dimension, ) S @' ^7 g/ D% N4 k* {
% i.e., A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m).
& ^ s$ u- B) x% t% However, init_x and init_V are independent of model(1). 6 _3 Q/ N2 v2 D, X! Q1 K: ~4 g; i' ]
% 'u' - u(:,t) the control signal at time t [ [] ]
& q9 J3 @# x0 y; B% 'B' - B(:,:,m) the input regression matrix for model m 9 j5 p2 a+ q+ n$ q& d
%
* G+ r" U3 t! h& a& `% OUTPUTS (where X is the hidden state being estimated) % J7 J+ Q5 C% L3 K& j
% x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)] 8 E; c# L v+ a" O) m, L. ~/ _
% V(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t)] " j( {) V6 Z4 Y$ S7 H G( y
% VV(:,:,t) = Cov[X(:,t), X(:,t-1) | y(:,1:t)] t >= 2 " `7 c" J: [/ H$ @: A }# c
% loglik = sum{t=1}^T log P(y(:,t))
$ g, o2 F( r9 K' e0 n%
7 O; p( ?, n: n! v- J* R" g1 [% If an input signal is specified, we also condition on it:
+ N+ \9 K' t. p% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t)] - C0 ^3 _- Y1 m9 P) K) a( i
% If a model sequence is specified, we also condition on it: : e- g- X# N$ P# q. W' w. u) M
% e.g., x(:,t) = E[X(:,t) | y(:,1:t), u(:, 1:t), m(1:t)] 1 ]3 j& G- k6 p7 \9 c& r) }
[os T] = size(y); - S* z0 E* ?$ n, C; O8 [& L
ss = size(A,1); % size of state space
+ q# W; O: \0 ?3 l% set default params
3 c/ Q5 L0 J$ r+ f+ Fmodel = ones(1,T);
; B: j) D9 Q, C" s4 \2 H5 Xu = []; 9 O% C7 H6 V3 c1 p: G U ^8 k
B = []; . y5 |% U Z# ]+ u( C
ndx = [];
$ P3 j6 l' o4 m( _( k/ o% r# \( [& y1 dargs = varargin;
, J/ V$ v f7 s' W- z4 x4 znargs = length(args); ! o H- J2 |' b% j% X2 e7 k4 \3 f
for i=1:2:nargs
. e9 ^) E8 t+ b! Bswitch args : F' O1 N' y8 G% }7 h- c+ {
case 'model', model = args{i+1};
$ ?* F- |0 I& e9 T$ t" p. Icase 'u', u = args{i+1};
$ L0 J& _! R, icase 'B', B = args{i+1}; P8 M5 J; c+ K @3 t
case 'ndx', ndx = args{i+1};
4 y: Q& F9 o; h9 t9 O% Notherwise, error(['unrecognized argument ' args])
4 u! u1 k; n5 N9 Dend
, }1 H' z' q* R5 E- L1 I, Fend
g! L, |6 _$ N# e5 z* xx = zeros(ss, T); 7 L! Y2 Q2 ^5 U
V = zeros(ss, ss, T); 7 N, u4 I3 c4 c# t
VV = zeros(ss, ss, T); % l' W4 E. [! g! P. O
loglik = 0; / d* _. ~+ `& f; a
for t=1:T m = model(t);
/ x/ i' d( I. K: ?if t==1 %prevx = init_x(:,m); . Q9 h: H8 H* s2 \$ e U; Q- P
%prevV = init_V(:,:,m); / c! Q6 c2 I; X& E! J9 h: C& @% M
prevx = init_x;
) C* q; C3 B& o( G! I9 O& _prevV = init_V;
) F: z& {+ g" {initial = 1;
( L" B. O5 ~4 R" L0 H+ kelse prevx = x(:,t-1); 7 i e4 E; v( w# t: k
prevV = V(:,:,t-1); ; {, }& k: r5 X5 v
initial = 0; 1 s4 F5 @% p, T; b1 _0 ~" r& Z& s
end
m1 P/ e) k) A/ _% v" v8 Nif isempty(u)
! |1 @9 I$ T7 V1 ], @) M$ z7 J[x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ... + e) H4 {( A9 d
kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, 'initial', initial); else
# m7 u& t8 Y; n- Y$ c if isempty(ndx) [x(:,t), V(:,:,t), LL, VV(:,:,t)] = ...
+ L9 h' V* m- M1 x kalman_update(A(:,:,m), C(:,:,m), Q(:,:,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx, prevV, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(:,:,m)); 9 Z4 h$ |$ K. l# s6 ?
else
0 f; v3 U$ Z& ^5 A4 ii = ndx; ! I# ]# Y/ [9 U3 ~% O5 p
% copy over all elements; only some will get updated x(:,t) = prevx;
* T" F4 u7 b1 z! bprevP = inv(prevV); h7 ~3 |8 z t8 _
prevPsmall = prevP(i,i); ; Z: V- s+ v: O& e4 Y( ?8 k
prevVsmall = inv(prevPsmall); , {1 c1 V" |) @/ x9 I2 m# s/ c
[x(i,t), smallV, LL, VV(i,i,t)] = ... kalman_update(A(i,i,m), C(:,i,m), Q(i,i,m), R(:,:,m), y(:,t), prevx(i), prevVsmall, ... 'initial', initial, 'u', u(:,t), 'B', B(i,:,m));
6 V4 |. Z$ l, |smallP = inv(smallV); G& e* l' J, F7 {0 }
prevP(i,i) = smallP;
A C2 w' d; D5 {9 S' W2 m: M- `V(:,:,t) = inv(prevP); 6 d6 n# s; E: o. |
end . F. P6 u+ O( ?# k
end
7 W% V, g1 k! W' {+ Rloglik = loglik + LL;
( R- e9 N. G; k% [. m8 Zend |
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